Description
This is a presentation explains about the major personality theories in organizational Behaviour.
PERSONALITY
Objective of the present session:
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?
? ?
To understand individual differences and their importance in understanding behavior. To be able to understand the basic concepts of personality theories Explain how personality is measured Identify several personality characteristics and their influences on behavior using case study and other exercises.
Individual differences and OB
?
The way in which factor such as skills, abilities, personalities, perceptions, attitudes, values and ethics differ from one individual to another
Variables Influencing Individual Behavior
The person Skills and abilities Personality Perception Attitudes Values Ethics The environment Organization Work Group Job Personal Life
Behaviour
Individual differences and OB
?
In order to understand human behavior, we must know something about the person and something about the situation. Personality is one such important and fascinating individual difference to understand human behavior.
?
Personality
?
Personality “refers to the psychological qualities that influence an individual’s characteristic behavior patterns in a broadly distinctive and consistent manner, across different situation and through time
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others
?
?
Striking and habitual features of a person’s behavior
Determinants of Personality
Heredity Environment Situation
?
?
?
Personality Theories
Four major theories1.Trait theory 2.Psychodynamic theory 3.Humanistic theory 4.The integrative approach
Personality Theories
Trait Theory:
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Personality traits are enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior Consistently found dimensions of thinking, behavior and feeling Allow individuals to be placed in a continuum with respect to different traits (e.g., introversionextraversion, neuroticism-emotional stability)
?
?
?
A trait is a temporally stable, cross situational individual difference.
Trait Theory-Sixteen Primary Personality Traits
Reserved Less intelligent Affected by feelings Submissive Serious Expedient Timid Tough-minded Trusting Practical Forthright Self-assured Conservative Group-dependent Uncontrolled Relaxed VS Outgoing More intelligent Emotionally stable Dominant Happy-go-lucky Conscientious Venturesome Sensitive Suspicious Imaginative Shrewd Apprehensive Experimenting Self-sufficient Controlled Tense
Personality Type Approach Myers-Briggs
MBTI: One of the most widely used personality frameworks that taps four characteristics and classifies people into one of 16 personality types.
A person has: “primary” and second choice ”auxiliary” ? Introvert (I) or Extravert (E) ? Sensing (S) or Intuition (N) ? Thinking (T) or Feeling (F) ? Perceiving (P) or Judging (J)
Hence there are 2x2x2x2=16 different MBTI personality types, as shown ? ENTP ENFP ESTP ESFP ? ENTJ ENFJ ESTJ ESFJ ? INTP INFP ISTP ISFP ? INTJ INFJ ISTJ ISFJ
Trait Theory-The Big Five Model
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Classifications:
Extraversion
Emotional Stability
Openness to Experience
Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Personality Theories
Psychodynamic theory:
The personality theory that emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior
Freud’s concept of Id, Ego and Superego
Id. The most primitive element, the source of drives and impulses operating in uncensored manner.
Superego. The conscience self containing values and “should and should-not” of personality. Ego. The reality principle, manages the conflict between Id and Superego.
Personality Theories
Humanistic theory:
?
Focuses on individual growth and improvement. It is distinctly people centered and also so emphasizes the individuals view of world. It contributes an understanding of the self to personality theory and contends that the “Self concept” is the most important part of an individual’s personality
?
?
Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB
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?
? ? ? ?
Locus of Control Machiavellianism Self-Esteem Self-Monitoring Risk Taking Type A and Type B Personalities
Locus of Control
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The degree to which people believe they are in control of their own fate
?
Internals
?
Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them Individuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance
?
Externals
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Machiavellianism
?
Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means
Self-Esteem
?
Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking of themselves
Self-Monitoring
?
A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust behaviour to external situational factors
Risk-Taking
?
Refers to a person’s willingness to take chances or risks
Type A Personality
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?
?
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Always moving, walking, and eating rapidly. Feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place. Strive to think or do two or more things at once. Cannot cope with leisure time. Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
Type B Personality
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?
?
?
Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience. Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation. Play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost. Can relax without guilt.
Measurement
Assessments can be structured or unstructured
?
– Structured - long list of questions answered by the person. e.g. MMPI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 550 questions directed at 10 scales (subtests) each measuring a different aspect of personality
MMPI Examples
? ? ? ?
?
– Depression - “I often feel that life is not worth living” – Paranoia - “Several people are following me everywhere” – Schizophrenia - “I seem to hear things that other people cannot hear” – Psychopathic deviance - “I often was in trouble in school although I did not understand for what reasons. – “I sometimes gossip with other people”
Measurement
?
Unstructured personality measurement
e.g. Projective techniques - present ambiguous stimulus and individual will “project” some kind of structure that reflects underlying psychological characteristics. Some of them are,
?
Free association Rorschach Inkblot tests Thematic Apperception Test
?
?
doc_256394386.pptx
This is a presentation explains about the major personality theories in organizational Behaviour.
PERSONALITY
Objective of the present session:
?
?
? ?
To understand individual differences and their importance in understanding behavior. To be able to understand the basic concepts of personality theories Explain how personality is measured Identify several personality characteristics and their influences on behavior using case study and other exercises.
Individual differences and OB
?
The way in which factor such as skills, abilities, personalities, perceptions, attitudes, values and ethics differ from one individual to another
Variables Influencing Individual Behavior
The person Skills and abilities Personality Perception Attitudes Values Ethics The environment Organization Work Group Job Personal Life
Behaviour
Individual differences and OB
?
In order to understand human behavior, we must know something about the person and something about the situation. Personality is one such important and fascinating individual difference to understand human behavior.
?
Personality
?
Personality “refers to the psychological qualities that influence an individual’s characteristic behavior patterns in a broadly distinctive and consistent manner, across different situation and through time
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others
?
?
Striking and habitual features of a person’s behavior
Determinants of Personality
Heredity Environment Situation
?
?
?
Personality Theories
Four major theories1.Trait theory 2.Psychodynamic theory 3.Humanistic theory 4.The integrative approach
Personality Theories
Trait Theory:
?
Personality traits are enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior Consistently found dimensions of thinking, behavior and feeling Allow individuals to be placed in a continuum with respect to different traits (e.g., introversionextraversion, neuroticism-emotional stability)
?
?
?
A trait is a temporally stable, cross situational individual difference.
Trait Theory-Sixteen Primary Personality Traits
Reserved Less intelligent Affected by feelings Submissive Serious Expedient Timid Tough-minded Trusting Practical Forthright Self-assured Conservative Group-dependent Uncontrolled Relaxed VS Outgoing More intelligent Emotionally stable Dominant Happy-go-lucky Conscientious Venturesome Sensitive Suspicious Imaginative Shrewd Apprehensive Experimenting Self-sufficient Controlled Tense
Personality Type Approach Myers-Briggs
MBTI: One of the most widely used personality frameworks that taps four characteristics and classifies people into one of 16 personality types.
A person has: “primary” and second choice ”auxiliary” ? Introvert (I) or Extravert (E) ? Sensing (S) or Intuition (N) ? Thinking (T) or Feeling (F) ? Perceiving (P) or Judging (J)
Hence there are 2x2x2x2=16 different MBTI personality types, as shown ? ENTP ENFP ESTP ESFP ? ENTJ ENFJ ESTJ ESFJ ? INTP INFP ISTP ISFP ? INTJ INFJ ISTJ ISFJ
Trait Theory-The Big Five Model
?
Classifications:
Extraversion
Emotional Stability
Openness to Experience
Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Personality Theories
Psychodynamic theory:
The personality theory that emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior
Freud’s concept of Id, Ego and Superego
Id. The most primitive element, the source of drives and impulses operating in uncensored manner.
Superego. The conscience self containing values and “should and should-not” of personality. Ego. The reality principle, manages the conflict between Id and Superego.
Personality Theories
Humanistic theory:
?
Focuses on individual growth and improvement. It is distinctly people centered and also so emphasizes the individuals view of world. It contributes an understanding of the self to personality theory and contends that the “Self concept” is the most important part of an individual’s personality
?
?
Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB
?
?
? ? ? ?
Locus of Control Machiavellianism Self-Esteem Self-Monitoring Risk Taking Type A and Type B Personalities
Locus of Control
?
The degree to which people believe they are in control of their own fate
?
Internals
?
Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them Individuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance
?
Externals
?
Machiavellianism
?
Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means
Self-Esteem
?
Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking of themselves
Self-Monitoring
?
A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust behaviour to external situational factors
Risk-Taking
?
Refers to a person’s willingness to take chances or risks
Type A Personality
?
?
?
? ?
Always moving, walking, and eating rapidly. Feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place. Strive to think or do two or more things at once. Cannot cope with leisure time. Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
Type B Personality
?
?
?
?
Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience. Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation. Play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost. Can relax without guilt.
Measurement
Assessments can be structured or unstructured
?
– Structured - long list of questions answered by the person. e.g. MMPI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 550 questions directed at 10 scales (subtests) each measuring a different aspect of personality
MMPI Examples
? ? ? ?
?
– Depression - “I often feel that life is not worth living” – Paranoia - “Several people are following me everywhere” – Schizophrenia - “I seem to hear things that other people cannot hear” – Psychopathic deviance - “I often was in trouble in school although I did not understand for what reasons. – “I sometimes gossip with other people”
Measurement
?
Unstructured personality measurement
e.g. Projective techniques - present ambiguous stimulus and individual will “project” some kind of structure that reflects underlying psychological characteristics. Some of them are,
?
Free association Rorschach Inkblot tests Thematic Apperception Test
?
?
doc_256394386.pptx