Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle
DESCRIPTION :
The main aim of this project is to show how the controllers are used in robots. According to our requirement we can program the robotic vehicle. Here our robotic vehicle is used to cross the box which is placed infront of the vehicle. TECHNOLGY :
Sensor Technology.
WORKING :
This project uses AT89S52 microcontroller, Alpha Numeric LCD (16 x 2 Line), Motor Driver, Buzzer & Proximity Sensors. Three sensors are attached (which are in turn connected to the microcontroller) to the front, left & right side of the robotic vehicle. When there is no obstruction, all the sensors are high.
Case 1 - Default Right ( Left & Right Sensors are not sensed)
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if both the sensors are high (No Obstruction) it takes right turn (Default Turn). It keeps on turning right until it senses (sensor becomes low) left sensor. As soon as left sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the left sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the left sensor becomes high, it stops then
takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. When the left sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps right & keeps moving forward.
Case 2 – Right Turn ( Left Sensor sensed & Right Sensor not sensed )
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if left sensor is low (sensed) & right sensor is high (not sensed ), it takes right turn. It keeps on turning right until it senses (sensor becomes low) left sensor. As soon as left sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the left sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. When the left sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps right & keeps moving forward.
Case 3 – Left Turn ( Left Sensor not sensed & Right Sensor sensed )
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if left sensor is high (not sensed) & right sensor is low (sensed ), it takes left turn. It keeps on turning left until it senses (sensor becomes low) right sensor. As soon as right sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the right sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as right sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps right turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction
detected) right sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the right sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps right turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) right sensor & keeps moving forward. When the right sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps left & keeps moving forward.
Block Diagram: – Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle
AC ADAPTOR
REGULATOR 7805
FILTER
LCD DISPLAY
A T 8 9 S 5 2
LCD DRIVER
LCD GLASS
BUZZER
MOTER DRIVER L293D
RIGHT SENSOR
LEFT SENSOR
FRONT SENSOR
EXAMPLE : Best example is toys OUR CHALLENGING WORK IN THIS PROJECT: 1. Write the Code for the microcontroller using embedded ‘C’ for 8051. 2. Design LCD interface. 3. Proximity Sensors. % OF SOFTWARE & HARDWARE : 1. Embedded C – 40% 2. Microcontroller Hardware – 60%
FUTURE ENHANSEMENT : Here we used 3 sensors & DC Motors. Use of higher number of sensors & stepper motors, we can move vehicle accurately. We can operate vehicle remotely using RF & GPRS technology.
MAIN COMPONENTS USED : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 5 V DC Power Supply ATMEL AT89S52 Microcontroller Motor Driver – L293D LCD 16*2 Alpha Numeric Proximity Sensors Buzzer Buzzer – Frequency 1 to 18 KHz ( 5V – 12V DC)
DESCRIPTION OF MAIN BLOCKS : Micro Controller The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.
Features ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Fully Static Operation : 0 Hz to 33 MHz
Vital Role of Power Supply in ‘Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle’ The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated. The 7805/7812 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V/12V DC.
9 VOLT Power
AC/DC Adapter
Regulator (7805)
Filter
DC Output
The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to Dc adapter through voltage regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated. The 7805 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5VDC.
Vital Role of Micro Controller–AT89S52 in ‘Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle’ This is main part of this project. It is used to control all the interfaces like LCD, Sensors, Buzzer & Motors.
LCD LCD’s can add a lot to your application in terms of providing a useful interface for the user, debugging an application or just giving it a "professional" look. The most common type of LCD controller is the Hitatchi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a processor and an LCD. Using this interface is often not attempted by inexperienced designers and programmers because it is difficult to find good documentation on the
interface, initializing the interface can be a problem and the displays themselves are expensive. Vital Role of LCD in ‘Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle’ LCD has single line display, Two-line display, four line display. Every line has 16 characters. This is used to display the operation (Vehicle movement).
Proximity Sensor A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic or electrostatic field, or a beam of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different proximity sensor targets demand different sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensor might be suitable for a plastic target; an inductive proximity sensor requires a metal target. The maximum distance that this sensor can detect is defined "nominal range". Some sensors have adjustments of the nominal range or means to report a graduated detection distance. Proximity sensors can have a high reliability and long functional life because of the absence of mechanical parts and lack of physical contact between sensor and the sensed object. Inductive proximity switches are ideally suitable for no contact sensing of metallic objects. As inductive sensors work on electromagnetic principle, they are inherently resistant to dust, humidity and oil in industrial environment.
Buzzer The buzzer subsystem produces a 2 KHz audible tone when powered. The buzzer will sound when the signal coming into the driver is high. It must be connected to a transistor, Darlington or transducer driver subsystem. The buzzer is connected between the supply rail (+V) and the input signal. This acts as load on the driver. When the input signal coming into the buzzer subsystem is low, a potential difference across the buzzer causes current to flow. It is this flow of current that causes the buzzer to sound.
Vital Role of Buzzer in ‘Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle’ It indicates the obstruction & movement of the vehicle.
L293D Features 1. 600mA output current capability per channel. 2. 1.2A peak output current (non repetitive) per channel enable facility. 3. Over-temperature protection. 4. Logical ”0” input voltage up to 1.5 v (high noise immunity). 5. Internal clamp diodes.
Applications of this Project : 1. Bomb Detection Vehicle. 2. Toys. 3. Bio-Medical Applications.
doc_221934647.docx
DESCRIPTION :
The main aim of this project is to show how the controllers are used in robots. According to our requirement we can program the robotic vehicle. Here our robotic vehicle is used to cross the box which is placed infront of the vehicle. TECHNOLGY :
Sensor Technology.
WORKING :
This project uses AT89S52 microcontroller, Alpha Numeric LCD (16 x 2 Line), Motor Driver, Buzzer & Proximity Sensors. Three sensors are attached (which are in turn connected to the microcontroller) to the front, left & right side of the robotic vehicle. When there is no obstruction, all the sensors are high.
Case 1 - Default Right ( Left & Right Sensors are not sensed)
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if both the sensors are high (No Obstruction) it takes right turn (Default Turn). It keeps on turning right until it senses (sensor becomes low) left sensor. As soon as left sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the left sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the left sensor becomes high, it stops then
takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. When the left sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps right & keeps moving forward.
Case 2 – Right Turn ( Left Sensor sensed & Right Sensor not sensed )
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if left sensor is low (sensed) & right sensor is high (not sensed ), it takes right turn. It keeps on turning right until it senses (sensor becomes low) left sensor. As soon as left sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the left sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. When the left sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps right & keeps moving forward.
Case 3 – Left Turn ( Left Sensor not sensed & Right Sensor sensed )
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if left sensor is high (not sensed) & right sensor is low (sensed ), it takes left turn. It keeps on turning left until it senses (sensor becomes low) right sensor. As soon as right sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the right sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as right sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps right turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction
detected) right sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the right sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps right turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) right sensor & keeps moving forward. When the right sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps left & keeps moving forward.
Block Diagram: – Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle
AC ADAPTOR
REGULATOR 7805
FILTER
LCD DISPLAY
A T 8 9 S 5 2
LCD DRIVER
LCD GLASS
BUZZER
MOTER DRIVER L293D
RIGHT SENSOR
LEFT SENSOR
FRONT SENSOR
EXAMPLE : Best example is toys OUR CHALLENGING WORK IN THIS PROJECT: 1. Write the Code for the microcontroller using embedded ‘C’ for 8051. 2. Design LCD interface. 3. Proximity Sensors. % OF SOFTWARE & HARDWARE : 1. Embedded C – 40% 2. Microcontroller Hardware – 60%
FUTURE ENHANSEMENT : Here we used 3 sensors & DC Motors. Use of higher number of sensors & stepper motors, we can move vehicle accurately. We can operate vehicle remotely using RF & GPRS technology.
MAIN COMPONENTS USED : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 5 V DC Power Supply ATMEL AT89S52 Microcontroller Motor Driver – L293D LCD 16*2 Alpha Numeric Proximity Sensors Buzzer Buzzer – Frequency 1 to 18 KHz ( 5V – 12V DC)
DESCRIPTION OF MAIN BLOCKS : Micro Controller The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.
Features ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Fully Static Operation : 0 Hz to 33 MHz
Vital Role of Power Supply in ‘Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle’ The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated. The 7805/7812 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V/12V DC.
9 VOLT Power
AC/DC Adapter
Regulator (7805)
Filter
DC Output
The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to Dc adapter through voltage regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated. The 7805 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5VDC.
Vital Role of Micro Controller–AT89S52 in ‘Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle’ This is main part of this project. It is used to control all the interfaces like LCD, Sensors, Buzzer & Motors.
LCD LCD’s can add a lot to your application in terms of providing a useful interface for the user, debugging an application or just giving it a "professional" look. The most common type of LCD controller is the Hitatchi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a processor and an LCD. Using this interface is often not attempted by inexperienced designers and programmers because it is difficult to find good documentation on the
interface, initializing the interface can be a problem and the displays themselves are expensive. Vital Role of LCD in ‘Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle’ LCD has single line display, Two-line display, four line display. Every line has 16 characters. This is used to display the operation (Vehicle movement).
Proximity Sensor A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic or electrostatic field, or a beam of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different proximity sensor targets demand different sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensor might be suitable for a plastic target; an inductive proximity sensor requires a metal target. The maximum distance that this sensor can detect is defined "nominal range". Some sensors have adjustments of the nominal range or means to report a graduated detection distance. Proximity sensors can have a high reliability and long functional life because of the absence of mechanical parts and lack of physical contact between sensor and the sensed object. Inductive proximity switches are ideally suitable for no contact sensing of metallic objects. As inductive sensors work on electromagnetic principle, they are inherently resistant to dust, humidity and oil in industrial environment.
Buzzer The buzzer subsystem produces a 2 KHz audible tone when powered. The buzzer will sound when the signal coming into the driver is high. It must be connected to a transistor, Darlington or transducer driver subsystem. The buzzer is connected between the supply rail (+V) and the input signal. This acts as load on the driver. When the input signal coming into the buzzer subsystem is low, a potential difference across the buzzer causes current to flow. It is this flow of current that causes the buzzer to sound.
Vital Role of Buzzer in ‘Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle’ It indicates the obstruction & movement of the vehicle.
L293D Features 1. 600mA output current capability per channel. 2. 1.2A peak output current (non repetitive) per channel enable facility. 3. Over-temperature protection. 4. Logical ”0” input voltage up to 1.5 v (high noise immunity). 5. Internal clamp diodes.
Applications of this Project : 1. Bomb Detection Vehicle. 2. Toys. 3. Bio-Medical Applications.
doc_221934647.docx