Description
It is an IT related project.
To design a Topology & establish an end-to-end solution
A
SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT
ON
Submitted to
GAUTAM BUDDH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW
In The Partial Fulfllment
of the requirement for the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Under the supervision of: By:
Dr. ABHILASHA SRIVASTAVA
Anshuman Tiwari
MBA 3
rd
Sem
Roll NO:1301070002
UNITED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
&
RESEARCH,NAINI
ALLAHABAD
[1]
2013-201
[2]
[3]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My first regards are to almighty od it !as my trust and "elief on him# !hi$h ena"le me
to em"ar% upon this tas%# move on the righteous path and re$ede the realm of fa$ts& So
Su$$ess is lo$% and hard !or% is the %ey&
My training pla$e is HEWLETTPAC!AR" E"UCATION SER#ICES 'aini
(llaha"ad$ immensely helped me to utili)e my %no!ledge pra$ti$ally& My sin$ere than%s
to *rof +&B&Singh ,*rin$ipal- and Mr&.i%as Mehrotra ,/ead of 0epartment# MB(- for
giving me the opportunity to go through the summer training& 1 e2press my heartfelt
than%s to Mr% Prana& Sin'h$ S(nior CRM# for giving me an opportunity to $ondu$t my
summer pro3e$t HEWLETTPAC!AR" E"UCATION SER#ICES$ Naini$
Allaha)a*& 1 !ould li%e to e2press my greatest appre$iation to "r% A)hilasha
Sri&as+a&a$ as !ithout his guidan$e and support this pro3e$t !ould have "een very
diffi$ult&
1 have no !ord to e2press my gratitude to!ard my tea$her !hose are given me
$on$eptual %no!ledge a"out 1+ matter&
[4]
1n last 1 am than%ful to all my friends and my parents !ho provide me all his e2perien$e
and en$ourage me $onstantly to $omplete this tired pro3e$t
&
ANSHUMAN TIWARI
MBA ,
r*
S(m
Roll No:-,.-./...0
UCER
Naini
Allaha)a*
[5]
!REFACE
(s part of this t!o year programmed leading to Masters 0egree in Business
(dministration from Uni+(* Coll('( O1 En'in((rin' 2 R(s(ar3h #'aini (llaha"ad#
$urri$ulum of !hi$h in$ludes "oth theoreti$al and pra$ti$al orientation in spe$iali)e areas&
1n fulfillment of this o"3e$tive# 1 !ill 3oin the organi)ation H(wl(++Pa34ar* In*ia Sal(s
P&+ L+*% 1 !as assigned to ma%e a report# on 5Enterprise network end to end
solution [using RIP ]6# a very innovative and pra$ti$al oriented topi$&
+his pro3e$t is meant to solve the follo!ing t!o purpose::
7a8 To *(si'n a N(+wor4 To9olo':%
7)8 Es+a)lish (n* ;+o(n* 3onn(3+ion%
[6]
DECLARATION
I Anshuman Tiwari under signed hereby declare that the research report
on 78nterprises net!or%s end9to9end solution:& ;omplied and su"mitted
under the guidan$e of 0r& (B/1ithin this frame!or%# the ;is$o *a$%et +ra$er is
a e9learning soft!are !as developed to help 'et!or%ing ($ademy students gain pra$ti$al
net!or%ing te$hnology s%ills in a rapidly $hanging environment& Students see%ing 1;+
s%ills $an no! "enefit from the a$$essi"ility of online $urri$ula and ne! opportunities for
so$ial learning# $olla"oration and $ompetition&
(=8 is availa"le !hi$h is
developed "y ;1S;A 8'+8=*=1S8S&By installing this soft!are in a *; one $an
design a net!or% topology !hi$h the $ompany reHuired !ith minimum
$onfiguration and also helps us to estimate amount reHuired to esta"lish a
net!or%&1t also gives a rough idea a"out the positioning of devi$es in a $ompany&
+hrough this soft!are !e easily find out the !ea%nesses in a net!or% and ma%e
aproper arrangements to prote$t our net!or% from entruders and ha$%ers& ;is$o
*a$%et +ra$er provides multiple opportunities for instru$tors to demonstrate
net!or%ing $on$epts& (lthough *a$%et +ra$er is not a su"stitute for real
eHuipment# it allo!s students to pra$ti$e using a $ommand9line interfa$e& +his 7e9
doing: $apa"ility is a fundame $omponent of learning ho! to $onfigure routers
and s!it$hes&*a$%et +ra$erFs simulation mode ena"les instru$tors to demonstrate
pro$esses that !ere formerly hidden to students& +hese simulation $apa"ilities $an help
simplify the learning pro$ess "y providing ta"les# diagrams# and other visual
representations of internal fun$tions su$h as dynami$ data transfers and pa$%et $ontent
e2pansion& +he simulation mode also de$reases instru$tor presentation time "y repla$ing
!hite"oards and stati$ slides !i real9time visuals&*a$%et +ra$er helps instru$tors tea$h
$omple2 net!or% $on$epts in the follo!ing !ays:
J *rovides a visual demonstration of $omple2 te$hnologies and $onfigurations
J (llo!s instru$tors to author $ustomi)ed# guided a$tivities that provide immediate
feed"a$% using the ($tivity >i)ard
[15]
J Ea$ilitates numerous learning a$tivities su$h as le$tures# individual and group la"
a$tivities# home!or%# assessments# games#net!or% design# trou"leshooting# modeling
tas%s# $ase studies#and $ompetitions
J 8na"les visuali)ation# animation# and detailed modeling for
e2ploration#e2perimentation# and e2planation
J Supports self9pa$ed learning outside the $lassroom
J Supports so$ial learning pro$esses "y ena"ling $olla"oration and $ompetition
J Supports the ma3ority of proto$ols and te$hnologies taught in the follo!ing 'et!or%ing
Cha9+(r ,:
"(s3ri9+ion O1 Th( Or'ani@a+ion
[16]
"(s3ri9+ion O1 Th( Or'ani@a+ion
/* is one of the !orld famous $omputer
hard!are and 1+ servi$es $ompany &1t !as founded on 1
st
Kanuary 1C3C "y Bill /e!lett
and 0ave *a$%ard +he headHuarter is in *alo (lto# ;alifornia# United States Af (meri$a
[17]
/* 8nterprise Servi$es $atalogs its servi$es into three servi$es portfolios !hi$h areL
1nfrastru$ture +e$hnology Autsour$ing,1+A-9in$ludes maintaining the operation of part
all of a $lients $omputer and $ommuni$ations infrastru$ture# su$h as net!or%s#
mainframes#: midrange: and !e" servers des%tops and laptops and printers&
(ppli$ation servi$es involves the developing# integrating# moderni)ing andDor
maintaining of appli$ations soft!are for $lients&
1ndustry servi$es in$ludes Business *ro$esses Autsour$ing,B*A-9addresses the $ore
"usiness $hallenges of $lients in five %ey industries:
/ealth$are# +ransportation# ;ommuni$ations# overnment and Einan$ial servi$es&
(mong others B*A group is an integral part of the portfolio# !hi$h involves performing
a "usiness fun$tion for a $lient # li%e payroll# $all $enters# insuran$e $laims pro$essing
and so forth /* 8nterprise Servi$es is a %ey implementer of the 71nstant An 8nterprise:&
+his /* 8nterprise initiative see%s to highlight the fundamental shifts in the !ay
information te$hnology is "eing used to meet $hanging "usiness models and the gro!ing
role of te$hnology to drive "usiness de$isions and help organi)ations a$hieve e$onomi$
gro!th# improve effi$ien$y and to further the development of so$iety through the use of
te$hnology& 1n a larger $onte2t# the initiative see%s to help for!ard thin%ing $ompanies
and government agen$ies have a more evolutionary# "usiness driven approa$h to ho!
they deliver 1+ servi$es# in$luding solutions to moderni)e# transform# se$ure and
ma2imi)e the use of te$hnology&
[1@]
Cha9+(r ,%- :
#ision $ Goals 2 O)?(3+i&(s O1 Th(
[1C]
Com9an:
#ision $ Goals 2 O)?(3+i&(s O1 Th( Com9an:
(s !e %no! that every $ompany has some motives to esta"lish itself in the mar%et for
longer time& (nd for that they apply there "est poli$ies and s$hemes to attra$ts there
$ustomer so that their produ$t !ill sell and they get money in return for that "ut inspite of
that# there !ere other goals# vision and o"3e$tives the $ompany have as the /* has&
/*Fs main vision is to assem"le the !orld !ith ne! te$hnologies and provide the !orld
of getting things to "e done in a simple and a faster !ith e$onomi$ally&
8very year /* sets some goal and they a$hieve !ith full of efforts and dedi$ation !ithin
time limit& +here produ$ts not only modern "ut also very relia"le and easy to handle&
+hey apply ;ustomer =elationship Management *oli$ies very !ell &+hey not only
[20]
introdu$ed this poli$ies "ut they really !or%s on that& 1tFs "est e2ample is that they
esta"lishes there servi$e $enters at most of the $ities and provide the $ustomer support
servi$es very !ell&
H(wl(++Pa34ar* Com9an: or HP ,styled as lo!er $ase on its offi$ial logo- is an
(meri$an multinational information te$hnology $orporation headHuartered in *alo (lto#
;alifornia# United States& 1t provides hard!are# soft!are and servi$es to $onsumers#
small9 and medium9si)ed "usinesses ,SMBs- and large enterprises# in$luding $ustomers
in the government# health and edu$ation se$tors&
+he $ompany !as founded in a one9$ar garage in *alo (lto "y >illiam MBillM =edington
/e!lett and 0ave *a$%ard& /* is the !orldNs leading *; manufa$turer and has "een sin$e
2007# fending off a $hallenge "y ;hinese manufa$turer family of produ$ts&
+hey are a "usiness unit of 8SS'&
[27]
(n /* $amera !ith an S01A interfa$e# designed for use in $on3un$tion !ith a *o$%et *;
/* Soft!are 0ivision is the $ompanyNs enterprise soft!are unit& Eor years# /* has
produ$ed and mar%eted its "rand of enterprise9management soft!are# /* Apen.ie!&
Erom Septem"er 2005 /* pur$hased several soft!are $ompanies as part of a pu"li$i)ed#
deli"erate strategy to augment its soft!are offerings for large "usiness $ustomers& /*
Soft!are sells several $ategories of soft!are# in$luding:
"usiness servi$e management soft!are
appli$ation life$y$le management soft!are
mo"ile apps
"ig data and analyti$s
servi$e and portfolio management soft!are
automation and or$hestration soft!are
enterprise se$urity soft!are
(r$Sight
Eortify Soft!are
(talla
+ipping*oint
/* Soft!are also provides soft!are as a servi$e ,SaaS-# $loud $omputing solutions# and
soft!are servi$es# in$luding $onsulting# edu$ation# professional servi$es# and support&
/*Ns Affi$e of Strategy and +e$hnology
has four main fun$tions:
steering the $ompanyNs O3&6 "illion resear$h and development investment
[2@]
fostering the development of the $ompanyNs glo"al te$hni$al $ommunity
leading the $ompanyNs strategy and $orporate development efforts#
performing !orld!ide $orporate mar%eting a$tivities
Under the Affi$e of Strategy and +e$hnology $omes /* ay is Ma $ore ideology &&& !hi$h in$ludes a deep respe$t for the individual# a
dedi$ation to afforda"le Huality and relia"ility# a $ommitment to $ommunity
[2C]
responsi"ility# and a vie! that the $ompany e2ists to ma%e te$hni$al $ontri"utions for the
advan$ement and !elfare of humanity&M +he follo!ing are the tenets of +he /* >ay:
>e have trust and respe$t for individuals&
>e fo$us on a high level of a$hievement and $ontri"ution&
>e $ondu$t our "usiness !ith un$ompromising integrity&
>e a$hieve our $ommon o"3e$tives through team!or%&
>e en$ourage fle2i"ility and innovation&
Cor9ora+( so3ial r(s9onsi)ili+:
1n Kuly 2007# the $ompany announ$ed that it had met its target# set in 2004# to re$y$le one
"illion pounds of ele$troni$s# toner and in% $artridges& 1t has set a ne! goal of re$y$ling a
further t!o "illion pounds of hard!are "y the end of 2010& 1n 2006# the $ompany
re$overed 1@7 million pounds of ele$troni$s# 73 per$ent more than its $losest $ompetitor&
1n 200@# /* released its supply $hain emissions data S an industry first&
1n Septem"er 200C# Newsweek ran%ed /* 'o& 1 on its 200C reen =an%ings of (meri$aNs
500 largest $orporations& ($$ording to environmentalleader&$om# M/e!lett9*a$%ard
earned its num"er one position due to its greenhouse gas ,/- emission redu$tion
programs# and !as the first ma3or 1+ $ompany to report / emissions
asso$iated !ith its supply $hain# a$$ording to the ran%ing& 1n addition# /* has made an
effort to remove to2i$ su"stan$es from its produ$ts# though reenpea$e has targeted the
$ompany for not doing "etter&M
/* too% the top spot on Corporate Responsibility MagazineNs 100 Best ;orporate
;iti)ens orldNs Most (dmired ;ompanies in 2010#
pla$ing it 'o& 2 in the $omputer industry and 'o& 32 overall in its list of the top 50& +his
year in the $omputer industry /* !as ran%ed 'o& 1 in so$ial responsi"ility# long9term
investment# glo"al $ompetitiveness# and use of $orporate assets&
1n May 2011# /* released its latest lo"al =esponsi"ility report $overing
a$$omplishments during 2010& +he report# the $ompanyFs tenth# provides a
$omprehensive vie! of /*Fs glo"al $iti)enship programs# performan$e# and goals and
des$ri"es ho! /* uses its te$hnology# influen$e# and e2pertise to ma%e a positive impa$t
on the !orld& +he $ompanyFs 200C report !on "est $orporate responsi"ility report of the
year& +he 200C reports $laims /* de$reased its total energy use "y C per$ent $ompared
!ith 200@& /* re$overed a total of 11@#000 tonnes of ele$troni$ produ$ts and supplies for
re$y$ling in 200C# in$luding 61 million print $artridges&
1n an (pril 2010 San Francisco Chronicle arti$le# /* !as one of 12 $ompanies
$ommended for Mdesigning produ$ts to "e safe from the start# follo!ing the prin$iples of
green $hemistry&M +he $ommendations $ame from 8nvironment ;alifornia# an
environmental advo$a$y group# !ho praised sele$t $ompanies in the olden State and the
Bay (rea for their efforts to %eep our planet $lean and green&
1n May 2010# /* !as named one of the >orldNs Most 8thi$al ;ompanies "y 8thisphere
1nstitute& +his is the se$ond year in a ro! /* has made the list& 8thisphere revie!ed#
[31]
resear$hed and analy)ed thousands of nominations in more than 100 $ountries and 35
industries to $reate the 2010 list& /* !as one of only 100 $ompanies to earn the
distin$tion of top !inner and !as the only $omputer hard!are vendor to "e re$ogni)ed&
8thisphere honors firms that promote ethi$al "usiness standards and pra$ti$es "y going
"eyond legal minimums# introdu$ing innovative ideas that "enefit the pu"li$&
/* is listed in reenpea$eNs uide to reener 8le$troni$s that ran%s ele$troni$s
manufa$turers a$$ording to their poli$ies on sustaina"ility# energy and $limate and green
produ$ts& 1n 'ovem"er 2011# /* se$ured the 1st pla$e ,out of 15- in this ran%ing
,$lim"ing up 3 pla$es- !ith an in$reased s$ore of 5&C ,up from 5&5-& 1t s$ored most points
on the ne! Sustaina"le Aperations $riteria# having the "est programme for measuring and
redu$ing emissions of greenhouse gases from its suppliers and s$oring ma2imum points
for its thorough paper pro$urement poli$y&
Moreover# /* does espe$ially !ell for its dis$losure of e2ternally verified greenhouse gas
emissions and its setting of targets for redu$ing them& /o!ever# reenpea$e reports that
/* ris%s a penalty point in future editions due to the fa$t that it is a mem"er of trade
asso$iations that have $ommented against energy effi$ien$y standards&
/* has earned re$ognition of its !or% in the area of data priva$y and se$urity& 1n 2010 the
$ompany ran%ed 'o& 4 in the *onemon 1nstituteNs annual study of the most trusted
$ompanies for priva$y& Sin$e 2006# /* has !or%ed dire$tly !ith the U&S& ;ongress# the
Eederal +rade ;ommission ,E+;-# and the 0epartment of ;ommer$e to esta"lish a ne!
[32]
strategy for federal legislation& /* played a %ey role in !or% to!ard the 0e$em"er 2010
E+; report 7*rote$ting ;onsumer *riva$y in an 8ra of =apid ;hange&:
(fter !inning nine straight annual MMost =espe$ted ;ompany in ;hinaM a!ards from the
8$onomi$ A"server and *e%ing University# /* ;hina has added the M10 Tear
;ontri"utionM a!ard to its list of prestigious a$$olades& +he a!ard aims to identify
$ompanies doing "usiness in ;hina !ith outstanding and sustained performan$e in
"usiness operations# development and $orporate so$ial responsi"ility&
1n its 2012 ran%ings of $onsumer ele$troni$s $ompanies on progress relating to $onfli$t
minerals# the 8nough *ro3e$t rated /* se$ond out of 24 $ompanies# $alling it a M*ioneer
of progressM&
($$ording to a Business>ee% Study# /* !as the !orldNs 11th most valua"le "rand as of
200C&
/* has many sponsorships& Ane !ell %no!n sponsorship is of >alt 0isney >orldNs 8p$ot
*ar%Ns Mission: S*(;8& Erom 1CC5 to 1CCC# and again from 2013# /* has "een the shirt
sponsor of *remier illiams Eormula 1 team until 2006 ,a sponsorship formerly held
"y ;ompaH-# and as of 2010 sponsor =enault E1& /e!lett9*a$%ard also had
the naming rights arrangement for the /* *avilion at San Kose# home of the San Kose
Shar%s '/< ho$%ey team until 2013# in !hi$h the arenaNs naming rights !ere a$Huired "y
S(* (# renaming the arena to the S(* ;enter at San Kose&
[33]
(fter the a$Huisition of ;ompaH in 2002# /* has maintained the M;ompaH *resarioM
"rand on lo!9end home des%tops and laptops# the M/* ;ompaHM "rand on "usiness
des%tops and laptops# and the M/* *rohile developing a sample design# the resear$her must pay attention to the follo!ing
point:
+ype of universe
Sampling unit
Sour$e list
Si)e of sample
*arameters of interest
Budgetary $onstraint
[42]
Sampling pro$edure9
Cri+(ria o1 s(l(3+in' a sam9l( 9ro3(*ur
1n this $onte2t one must remem"er that t!o $ost are involved in a sampling analysis vi)&#
the $ost of $olle$ting&
+he data and the $ost of an in$orre$t inferen$e resulting from the data&
1nappropriate sampling form
0efe$tive measuring devi$e
'on Grespondents
1ndetermina$y prin$ipal
'ature "ias in the reporting of data
Sam9l( *(si'n
Systemati$ sampling
Stratified sampling
Multi9stage sampling
Sampling !ith pro"a"ility preoperational to si)e
[43]
(rea sampling
;luster sampling
"i11(r(n+ +:9( o1 sam9l( *(si'n
Sample designs "ased on t!o fa$tors vi)& the representation "asis and the element
sele$tion te$hniHue&
'on pro"a"ility sampling or random sampling
*ro"a"ility sampling or simple random sampling
Erom a "rief des$ription of the various sample designs presented a"ove# !e $an say that
normally one should resort to simple random sampling "e$ause under it "ies is generally
eliminated and the sampling errors $an "e estimated
MESUREMENT SCALE:
Erom !hat has "een a state a"ove >e $an !rite that s$ales of measurement $an "e
$onsidered 1 term of their mathemati$al properties &the most !idely used $lassifi$ation of
measurement s$ale are:
a%Nominal s3al
'ominally s$ale is simple is simply a system of assigning num"er sym"ol to events in
order to level them&
[44]
)% Or*inal s3al
+he lo!est l4evel of the ordered s$ale that is $ommonly used is ordinal s$ale our "eing
a"le
3%In+(r&al s3al(
+he intervals are ad3usting in terms of some rules that has "een esta"lished as a "ased for
ma%ing the unit eHual&
*% Ra+io s3al(
=atio s$ale is represents the a$tual of amounts of varia"les& (ll stati$ally#
+e$hniHues are usa"le !ith ratio s$ale&
"a+a 3oll(3+ion
( sample si)e of 100 employees is studied for this purpose& 8mployee of different unit
!here randomly administrated the Questionnaire&
"a+a Anal:sis +he analysis of data !as done on "asis of unit# age and no& of years
of 82perien$e and other fa$tors&
[45]
Cha9+(r / :
SOURCE O< "ATA COLLECTION
[46]
SOURCE O< "ATA COLLECTION
+he tas% of data $olle$tion "eings after a resear$h pro"lem has "een
0efined and resear$h design D plan $hal%ed out& >hile
0e$iding a"out the method of data $olle$tion to "e used for the study
+!o type of data $olle$tion
*rimary and
se$ondary data
1 have used stru$tural intervie! s$hedule# Huestionnaire and opinion survey for $olle$tion
of data from primary sour$e& 1ntervie! s$hedules
>ere used for !or%ers $leri$al# $ategory and Huestionnaires !ere used for supervisory
and e2e$utive $adre and opinion survey !as used to %no! the
+e$hnology# per$eption# thoughts and rea$tions of the e2e$utives#
8mployeesD!or%ers and trade union mem"ers of the organi)ation&
1 have used the se$ondary sour$e li%e diary# "oo%s# and maga)ines
(nd other relevant re$ords for $olle$tion of data to %no! a"out
[47]
+he industry as !ell as the respondent&
[4@]
PREPARING THE GUESTIONNAIRE
+he first tas% in the pro$ess of measuring the level of re$ruitment of the $andidates in
=8hether your employees are a"le to handle the things !ith the help of ;is$o *a$%et
+ra$erV
a-Tes "-'o
4&+he installation of ;is$o *a$%et +ra$er is $ostly or notV
a-;ostly "-hether this soft!are is providing se$urity to your net!or%s or not as $ompared to
earlierV
a-Tes "-'o $-;anFt say d-+o some e2tent
[55]
6&Erom !here you heard a"out the ;is$o *a$%et +ra$erV
a-+&. adds "-'e!spaper $-Erom Mar%et d-Ather
[56]
7&>hether your employees needs e2tra attention to handle the things properlyV
aTes "-'o $-Sometimes d-;anFt say
[57]
@&>hether you !ill prefer to install this soft!are in other "ran$hes of your organi)ationV
a-Tes "-'o $-May "e d-;anFt say
C&(re you a"le to handle the te$hni$al issues if may arise or need assistantV
[5@]
a-Tes "-'o $-May "e d-'eed assistant
10&>ill you tell a"out the ;is$o *a$%et +ra$er to other ArganisationV
a-Tes "-'o $-May "e d-;anFt say
[5C]
11&/o! you !ill des$ri"e the servi$es provided "y usV
a-ood "-82$ellent $-Satisfa$tory d-82traordinary
12&1n !hat area !ee need improvementV
a-Soft!are "-;ommunni$ation $-*ri$es d-(ssistant
[60]
[61]
Cha9+(r J :
SCOPE 2 IMPORTANCE O< THE STU"E
[62]
SCOPE 2 IMPORTANCE O< THE STU"E
(s !e %no! the o"3e$tive is to design a net!or% topology for the organisation so that the
$ommuni$ation $an "e esta"lished in an organisaton& +he end users are the employees of
the organisation &So the o"3e$tive is also fo$used on ma%ing topology that must "e easily
understanda"le for the employees&
An$e the $onne$tion has "een esta"lished# our main motive is to ma%e a!are the
te$hni$al issues of the $onne$tion to the employees &Be$ause they are the ultimate users&
O)?(3+i&( o1 +h( s+u*:
7a8 To *(si'n a N(+wor4 To9olo':%
7)8 Es+a)lish (n* ;+o(n* 3onn(3+ion%
[63]
Cha9+(r K :
Th(or(+i3al Con3(9+ LBasi3 (' as !ell# and is used "y "usinesses#
governments# organi)ations# and individuals for almost any purpose imagina"le&+he
te2t"oo% definition of a >(' is a $omputer net!or% spanning regions# $ountries# or even
the !orld& /o!ever# in terms of the appli$ation of $omputer net!or%ing proto$ols and
$on$epts# it may "e "est to vie! >('s as $omputer net!or%ing te$hnologies used to
transmit data over long distan$es# and "et!een different ('s $an also "e "uilt using less $ostly $ir$uit s!it$hing or pa$%et
s!it$hing methods& 'et!or% proto$ols in$luding +;*D1* deliver transport and addressing
fun$tions& *roto$ols in$luding *a$%et over SA'8+DS0/# M*1+;/8S
• B=18S
• =8*8+A=S
• =AU+8=S
• '1;FS
[@1]
-%HUBS: 'et!or%s !here S+(= +A*Ahen a frame
arrives at a s!it$h# the s!it$h e2amines the destination address and for!ards the frame
out the one ne$essary $onne$tion&
>hen !e use the term switch !e must "e $areful "e$ause a s!it$h $an mean t!o
different things& >e must $larify the term "y adding the level at !hi$h the devi$e
operates& >e $an have a t!o9layer s!it$h or a three9layer s!it$h& ( +hr((la
r swi+3h is
used at the net!or% layerL it is a %ind of router& +he +wolar swi+3h performs at the
physi$al and data lin% layers& ( t!o9layer s!it$h is a "ridge# a "ridge !ith many ports
and a design that allo!s "etter ,faster- performan$e& ( "ridge !ith a fe! ports $an
$onne$t a fe! (' headers and trailers& Be$ause a router has to ma%e !ide
area net!or% routing de$isions# the router has to dig do!n into the net!or% layer of the
pa$%et to retrieve the net!or% destination address&
( router is a three9layer devi$e that routes pa$%ets "ased on their logi$al addresses
,host9to9host addressing-& ( router normally $onne$ts iEi '1;s $ontain "uilt9in transmitters D
re$eivers ,trans$eivers-&
1n ne! $omputers# many '1;Fs are no! pre9installed "y the manufa$turer& (ll '1;s
feature a speed rating su$h as 11 M"ps# 54 M"ps or 100 M"ps that suggest the general
performan$e of the unit&
Also !nown As: '1; also stands for 'et!or% 1nformation ;enter& Eor e2ample# the
organi)ation named M1nter'1;M is a '1; that provides information to the general pu"li$
on 1nternet domain names&
( net!or% interfa$e $ard is used "y *; systems to $onne$t to either an 8thernet net!or%
or a !ireless net!or%& Most des%top systems $ome !ith '1;s already installed and you
may need to pur$hase a router to $reate a home offi$e net!or%& Tour $orporate offi$e
des%top uses a net!or% interfa$e $ard to share resour$es and $onne$t to your $orporate
net!or%& '1;s are not used in laptops&
[C1]
Transmission M(*ia
+he transmission media that are used to $onvey information $an "e $lassified as uided
or Unguided&
uided media provide a physi$al path along!hi$h the signals are propagated these
in$lude
1& +!isted pair
2& ;oa2ial $a"le and
3& Apti$al fi"er&
Unguided media employ an antenna for transmitting through
1& (ir
[C2]
2& .a$uum or
3& >ater&
-%Twis+(* 9air:
+raditionally# t!isted pair has "een the !or%horse for $ommuni$ations of all sorts& /igher
data rates over longer distan$es $an "e a$hieved !ith $oa2ial $a"le# and so $oa2ial $a"le
has often "een used for high9speed lo$al area net!or% and for high9$apa$ity long9
distan$e trun% appli$ations& /o!ever# the tremendous $apa$ity of opti$al fi"er has made
that medium more attra$tive than $oa2ial $a"le# and thus opti$al fi"er has ta%en over
mu$h of the mar%et for high9speed
It is an IT related project.
To design a Topology & establish an end-to-end solution
A
SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT
ON
Submitted to
GAUTAM BUDDH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW
In The Partial Fulfllment
of the requirement for the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Under the supervision of: By:
Dr. ABHILASHA SRIVASTAVA
Anshuman Tiwari
MBA 3
rd
Sem
Roll NO:1301070002
UNITED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
&
RESEARCH,NAINI
ALLAHABAD
[1]
2013-201
[2]
[3]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My first regards are to almighty od it !as my trust and "elief on him# !hi$h ena"le me
to em"ar% upon this tas%# move on the righteous path and re$ede the realm of fa$ts& So
Su$$ess is lo$% and hard !or% is the %ey&
My training pla$e is HEWLETTPAC!AR" E"UCATION SER#ICES 'aini
(llaha"ad$ immensely helped me to utili)e my %no!ledge pra$ti$ally& My sin$ere than%s
to *rof +&B&Singh ,*rin$ipal- and Mr&.i%as Mehrotra ,/ead of 0epartment# MB(- for
giving me the opportunity to go through the summer training& 1 e2press my heartfelt
than%s to Mr% Prana& Sin'h$ S(nior CRM# for giving me an opportunity to $ondu$t my
summer pro3e$t HEWLETTPAC!AR" E"UCATION SER#ICES$ Naini$
Allaha)a*& 1 !ould li%e to e2press my greatest appre$iation to "r% A)hilasha
Sri&as+a&a$ as !ithout his guidan$e and support this pro3e$t !ould have "een very
diffi$ult&
1 have no !ord to e2press my gratitude to!ard my tea$her !hose are given me
$on$eptual %no!ledge a"out 1+ matter&
[4]
1n last 1 am than%ful to all my friends and my parents !ho provide me all his e2perien$e
and en$ourage me $onstantly to $omplete this tired pro3e$t
&
ANSHUMAN TIWARI
MBA ,
r*
S(m
Roll No:-,.-./...0
UCER
Naini
Allaha)a*
[5]
!REFACE
(s part of this t!o year programmed leading to Masters 0egree in Business
(dministration from Uni+(* Coll('( O1 En'in((rin' 2 R(s(ar3h #'aini (llaha"ad#
$urri$ulum of !hi$h in$ludes "oth theoreti$al and pra$ti$al orientation in spe$iali)e areas&
1n fulfillment of this o"3e$tive# 1 !ill 3oin the organi)ation H(wl(++Pa34ar* In*ia Sal(s
P&+ L+*% 1 !as assigned to ma%e a report# on 5Enterprise network end to end
solution [using RIP ]6# a very innovative and pra$ti$al oriented topi$&
+his pro3e$t is meant to solve the follo!ing t!o purpose::
7a8 To *(si'n a N(+wor4 To9olo':%
7)8 Es+a)lish (n* ;+o(n* 3onn(3+ion%
[6]
DECLARATION
I Anshuman Tiwari under signed hereby declare that the research report
on 78nterprises net!or%s end9to9end solution:& ;omplied and su"mitted
under the guidan$e of 0r& (B/1ithin this frame!or%# the ;is$o *a$%et +ra$er is
a e9learning soft!are !as developed to help 'et!or%ing ($ademy students gain pra$ti$al
net!or%ing te$hnology s%ills in a rapidly $hanging environment& Students see%ing 1;+
s%ills $an no! "enefit from the a$$essi"ility of online $urri$ula and ne! opportunities for
so$ial learning# $olla"oration and $ompetition&
(=8 is availa"le !hi$h is
developed "y ;1S;A 8'+8=*=1S8S&By installing this soft!are in a *; one $an
design a net!or% topology !hi$h the $ompany reHuired !ith minimum
$onfiguration and also helps us to estimate amount reHuired to esta"lish a
net!or%&1t also gives a rough idea a"out the positioning of devi$es in a $ompany&
+hrough this soft!are !e easily find out the !ea%nesses in a net!or% and ma%e
aproper arrangements to prote$t our net!or% from entruders and ha$%ers& ;is$o
*a$%et +ra$er provides multiple opportunities for instru$tors to demonstrate
net!or%ing $on$epts& (lthough *a$%et +ra$er is not a su"stitute for real
eHuipment# it allo!s students to pra$ti$e using a $ommand9line interfa$e& +his 7e9
doing: $apa"ility is a fundame $omponent of learning ho! to $onfigure routers
and s!it$hes&*a$%et +ra$erFs simulation mode ena"les instru$tors to demonstrate
pro$esses that !ere formerly hidden to students& +hese simulation $apa"ilities $an help
simplify the learning pro$ess "y providing ta"les# diagrams# and other visual
representations of internal fun$tions su$h as dynami$ data transfers and pa$%et $ontent
e2pansion& +he simulation mode also de$reases instru$tor presentation time "y repla$ing
!hite"oards and stati$ slides !i real9time visuals&*a$%et +ra$er helps instru$tors tea$h
$omple2 net!or% $on$epts in the follo!ing !ays:
J *rovides a visual demonstration of $omple2 te$hnologies and $onfigurations
J (llo!s instru$tors to author $ustomi)ed# guided a$tivities that provide immediate
feed"a$% using the ($tivity >i)ard
[15]
J Ea$ilitates numerous learning a$tivities su$h as le$tures# individual and group la"
a$tivities# home!or%# assessments# games#net!or% design# trou"leshooting# modeling
tas%s# $ase studies#and $ompetitions
J 8na"les visuali)ation# animation# and detailed modeling for
e2ploration#e2perimentation# and e2planation
J Supports self9pa$ed learning outside the $lassroom
J Supports so$ial learning pro$esses "y ena"ling $olla"oration and $ompetition
J Supports the ma3ority of proto$ols and te$hnologies taught in the follo!ing 'et!or%ing
Cha9+(r ,:
"(s3ri9+ion O1 Th( Or'ani@a+ion
[16]
"(s3ri9+ion O1 Th( Or'ani@a+ion
/* is one of the !orld famous $omputer
hard!are and 1+ servi$es $ompany &1t !as founded on 1
st
Kanuary 1C3C "y Bill /e!lett
and 0ave *a$%ard +he headHuarter is in *alo (lto# ;alifornia# United States Af (meri$a
[17]
/* 8nterprise Servi$es $atalogs its servi$es into three servi$es portfolios !hi$h areL
1nfrastru$ture +e$hnology Autsour$ing,1+A-9in$ludes maintaining the operation of part
all of a $lients $omputer and $ommuni$ations infrastru$ture# su$h as net!or%s#
mainframes#: midrange: and !e" servers des%tops and laptops and printers&
(ppli$ation servi$es involves the developing# integrating# moderni)ing andDor
maintaining of appli$ations soft!are for $lients&
1ndustry servi$es in$ludes Business *ro$esses Autsour$ing,B*A-9addresses the $ore
"usiness $hallenges of $lients in five %ey industries:
/ealth$are# +ransportation# ;ommuni$ations# overnment and Einan$ial servi$es&
(mong others B*A group is an integral part of the portfolio# !hi$h involves performing
a "usiness fun$tion for a $lient # li%e payroll# $all $enters# insuran$e $laims pro$essing
and so forth /* 8nterprise Servi$es is a %ey implementer of the 71nstant An 8nterprise:&
+his /* 8nterprise initiative see%s to highlight the fundamental shifts in the !ay
information te$hnology is "eing used to meet $hanging "usiness models and the gro!ing
role of te$hnology to drive "usiness de$isions and help organi)ations a$hieve e$onomi$
gro!th# improve effi$ien$y and to further the development of so$iety through the use of
te$hnology& 1n a larger $onte2t# the initiative see%s to help for!ard thin%ing $ompanies
and government agen$ies have a more evolutionary# "usiness driven approa$h to ho!
they deliver 1+ servi$es# in$luding solutions to moderni)e# transform# se$ure and
ma2imi)e the use of te$hnology&
[1@]
Cha9+(r ,%- :
#ision $ Goals 2 O)?(3+i&(s O1 Th(
[1C]
Com9an:
#ision $ Goals 2 O)?(3+i&(s O1 Th( Com9an:
(s !e %no! that every $ompany has some motives to esta"lish itself in the mar%et for
longer time& (nd for that they apply there "est poli$ies and s$hemes to attra$ts there
$ustomer so that their produ$t !ill sell and they get money in return for that "ut inspite of
that# there !ere other goals# vision and o"3e$tives the $ompany have as the /* has&
/*Fs main vision is to assem"le the !orld !ith ne! te$hnologies and provide the !orld
of getting things to "e done in a simple and a faster !ith e$onomi$ally&
8very year /* sets some goal and they a$hieve !ith full of efforts and dedi$ation !ithin
time limit& +here produ$ts not only modern "ut also very relia"le and easy to handle&
+hey apply ;ustomer =elationship Management *oli$ies very !ell &+hey not only
[20]
introdu$ed this poli$ies "ut they really !or%s on that& 1tFs "est e2ample is that they
esta"lishes there servi$e $enters at most of the $ities and provide the $ustomer support
servi$es very !ell&
H(wl(++Pa34ar* Com9an: or HP ,styled as lo!er $ase on its offi$ial logo- is an
(meri$an multinational information te$hnology $orporation headHuartered in *alo (lto#
;alifornia# United States& 1t provides hard!are# soft!are and servi$es to $onsumers#
small9 and medium9si)ed "usinesses ,SMBs- and large enterprises# in$luding $ustomers
in the government# health and edu$ation se$tors&
+he $ompany !as founded in a one9$ar garage in *alo (lto "y >illiam MBillM =edington
/e!lett and 0ave *a$%ard& /* is the !orldNs leading *; manufa$turer and has "een sin$e
2007# fending off a $hallenge "y ;hinese manufa$turer family of produ$ts&
+hey are a "usiness unit of 8SS'&
[27]
(n /* $amera !ith an S01A interfa$e# designed for use in $on3un$tion !ith a *o$%et *;
/* Soft!are 0ivision is the $ompanyNs enterprise soft!are unit& Eor years# /* has
produ$ed and mar%eted its "rand of enterprise9management soft!are# /* Apen.ie!&
Erom Septem"er 2005 /* pur$hased several soft!are $ompanies as part of a pu"li$i)ed#
deli"erate strategy to augment its soft!are offerings for large "usiness $ustomers& /*
Soft!are sells several $ategories of soft!are# in$luding:
"usiness servi$e management soft!are
appli$ation life$y$le management soft!are
mo"ile apps
"ig data and analyti$s
servi$e and portfolio management soft!are
automation and or$hestration soft!are
enterprise se$urity soft!are
(r$Sight
Eortify Soft!are
(talla
+ipping*oint
/* Soft!are also provides soft!are as a servi$e ,SaaS-# $loud $omputing solutions# and
soft!are servi$es# in$luding $onsulting# edu$ation# professional servi$es# and support&
/*Ns Affi$e of Strategy and +e$hnology
has four main fun$tions:
steering the $ompanyNs O3&6 "illion resear$h and development investment
[2@]
fostering the development of the $ompanyNs glo"al te$hni$al $ommunity
leading the $ompanyNs strategy and $orporate development efforts#
performing !orld!ide $orporate mar%eting a$tivities
Under the Affi$e of Strategy and +e$hnology $omes /* ay is Ma $ore ideology &&& !hi$h in$ludes a deep respe$t for the individual# a
dedi$ation to afforda"le Huality and relia"ility# a $ommitment to $ommunity
[2C]
responsi"ility# and a vie! that the $ompany e2ists to ma%e te$hni$al $ontri"utions for the
advan$ement and !elfare of humanity&M +he follo!ing are the tenets of +he /* >ay:
>e have trust and respe$t for individuals&
>e fo$us on a high level of a$hievement and $ontri"ution&
>e $ondu$t our "usiness !ith un$ompromising integrity&
>e a$hieve our $ommon o"3e$tives through team!or%&
>e en$ourage fle2i"ility and innovation&
Cor9ora+( so3ial r(s9onsi)ili+:
1n Kuly 2007# the $ompany announ$ed that it had met its target# set in 2004# to re$y$le one
"illion pounds of ele$troni$s# toner and in% $artridges& 1t has set a ne! goal of re$y$ling a
further t!o "illion pounds of hard!are "y the end of 2010& 1n 2006# the $ompany
re$overed 1@7 million pounds of ele$troni$s# 73 per$ent more than its $losest $ompetitor&
1n 200@# /* released its supply $hain emissions data S an industry first&
1n Septem"er 200C# Newsweek ran%ed /* 'o& 1 on its 200C reen =an%ings of (meri$aNs
500 largest $orporations& ($$ording to environmentalleader&$om# M/e!lett9*a$%ard
earned its num"er one position due to its greenhouse gas ,/- emission redu$tion
programs# and !as the first ma3or 1+ $ompany to report / emissions
asso$iated !ith its supply $hain# a$$ording to the ran%ing& 1n addition# /* has made an
effort to remove to2i$ su"stan$es from its produ$ts# though reenpea$e has targeted the
$ompany for not doing "etter&M
/* too% the top spot on Corporate Responsibility MagazineNs 100 Best ;orporate
;iti)ens orldNs Most (dmired ;ompanies in 2010#
pla$ing it 'o& 2 in the $omputer industry and 'o& 32 overall in its list of the top 50& +his
year in the $omputer industry /* !as ran%ed 'o& 1 in so$ial responsi"ility# long9term
investment# glo"al $ompetitiveness# and use of $orporate assets&
1n May 2011# /* released its latest lo"al =esponsi"ility report $overing
a$$omplishments during 2010& +he report# the $ompanyFs tenth# provides a
$omprehensive vie! of /*Fs glo"al $iti)enship programs# performan$e# and goals and
des$ri"es ho! /* uses its te$hnology# influen$e# and e2pertise to ma%e a positive impa$t
on the !orld& +he $ompanyFs 200C report !on "est $orporate responsi"ility report of the
year& +he 200C reports $laims /* de$reased its total energy use "y C per$ent $ompared
!ith 200@& /* re$overed a total of 11@#000 tonnes of ele$troni$ produ$ts and supplies for
re$y$ling in 200C# in$luding 61 million print $artridges&
1n an (pril 2010 San Francisco Chronicle arti$le# /* !as one of 12 $ompanies
$ommended for Mdesigning produ$ts to "e safe from the start# follo!ing the prin$iples of
green $hemistry&M +he $ommendations $ame from 8nvironment ;alifornia# an
environmental advo$a$y group# !ho praised sele$t $ompanies in the olden State and the
Bay (rea for their efforts to %eep our planet $lean and green&
1n May 2010# /* !as named one of the >orldNs Most 8thi$al ;ompanies "y 8thisphere
1nstitute& +his is the se$ond year in a ro! /* has made the list& 8thisphere revie!ed#
[31]
resear$hed and analy)ed thousands of nominations in more than 100 $ountries and 35
industries to $reate the 2010 list& /* !as one of only 100 $ompanies to earn the
distin$tion of top !inner and !as the only $omputer hard!are vendor to "e re$ogni)ed&
8thisphere honors firms that promote ethi$al "usiness standards and pra$ti$es "y going
"eyond legal minimums# introdu$ing innovative ideas that "enefit the pu"li$&
/* is listed in reenpea$eNs uide to reener 8le$troni$s that ran%s ele$troni$s
manufa$turers a$$ording to their poli$ies on sustaina"ility# energy and $limate and green
produ$ts& 1n 'ovem"er 2011# /* se$ured the 1st pla$e ,out of 15- in this ran%ing
,$lim"ing up 3 pla$es- !ith an in$reased s$ore of 5&C ,up from 5&5-& 1t s$ored most points
on the ne! Sustaina"le Aperations $riteria# having the "est programme for measuring and
redu$ing emissions of greenhouse gases from its suppliers and s$oring ma2imum points
for its thorough paper pro$urement poli$y&
Moreover# /* does espe$ially !ell for its dis$losure of e2ternally verified greenhouse gas
emissions and its setting of targets for redu$ing them& /o!ever# reenpea$e reports that
/* ris%s a penalty point in future editions due to the fa$t that it is a mem"er of trade
asso$iations that have $ommented against energy effi$ien$y standards&
/* has earned re$ognition of its !or% in the area of data priva$y and se$urity& 1n 2010 the
$ompany ran%ed 'o& 4 in the *onemon 1nstituteNs annual study of the most trusted
$ompanies for priva$y& Sin$e 2006# /* has !or%ed dire$tly !ith the U&S& ;ongress# the
Eederal +rade ;ommission ,E+;-# and the 0epartment of ;ommer$e to esta"lish a ne!
[32]
strategy for federal legislation& /* played a %ey role in !or% to!ard the 0e$em"er 2010
E+; report 7*rote$ting ;onsumer *riva$y in an 8ra of =apid ;hange&:
(fter !inning nine straight annual MMost =espe$ted ;ompany in ;hinaM a!ards from the
8$onomi$ A"server and *e%ing University# /* ;hina has added the M10 Tear
;ontri"utionM a!ard to its list of prestigious a$$olades& +he a!ard aims to identify
$ompanies doing "usiness in ;hina !ith outstanding and sustained performan$e in
"usiness operations# development and $orporate so$ial responsi"ility&
1n its 2012 ran%ings of $onsumer ele$troni$s $ompanies on progress relating to $onfli$t
minerals# the 8nough *ro3e$t rated /* se$ond out of 24 $ompanies# $alling it a M*ioneer
of progressM&
($$ording to a Business>ee% Study# /* !as the !orldNs 11th most valua"le "rand as of
200C&
/* has many sponsorships& Ane !ell %no!n sponsorship is of >alt 0isney >orldNs 8p$ot
*ar%Ns Mission: S*(;8& Erom 1CC5 to 1CCC# and again from 2013# /* has "een the shirt
sponsor of *remier illiams Eormula 1 team until 2006 ,a sponsorship formerly held
"y ;ompaH-# and as of 2010 sponsor =enault E1& /e!lett9*a$%ard also had
the naming rights arrangement for the /* *avilion at San Kose# home of the San Kose
Shar%s '/< ho$%ey team until 2013# in !hi$h the arenaNs naming rights !ere a$Huired "y
S(* (# renaming the arena to the S(* ;enter at San Kose&
[33]
(fter the a$Huisition of ;ompaH in 2002# /* has maintained the M;ompaH *resarioM
"rand on lo!9end home des%tops and laptops# the M/* ;ompaHM "rand on "usiness
des%tops and laptops# and the M/* *rohile developing a sample design# the resear$her must pay attention to the follo!ing
point:
+ype of universe
Sampling unit
Sour$e list
Si)e of sample
*arameters of interest
Budgetary $onstraint
[42]
Sampling pro$edure9
Cri+(ria o1 s(l(3+in' a sam9l( 9ro3(*ur
1n this $onte2t one must remem"er that t!o $ost are involved in a sampling analysis vi)&#
the $ost of $olle$ting&
+he data and the $ost of an in$orre$t inferen$e resulting from the data&
1nappropriate sampling form
0efe$tive measuring devi$e
'on Grespondents
1ndetermina$y prin$ipal
'ature "ias in the reporting of data
Sam9l( *(si'n
Systemati$ sampling
Stratified sampling
Multi9stage sampling
Sampling !ith pro"a"ility preoperational to si)e
[43]
(rea sampling
;luster sampling
"i11(r(n+ +:9( o1 sam9l( *(si'n
Sample designs "ased on t!o fa$tors vi)& the representation "asis and the element
sele$tion te$hniHue&
'on pro"a"ility sampling or random sampling
*ro"a"ility sampling or simple random sampling
Erom a "rief des$ription of the various sample designs presented a"ove# !e $an say that
normally one should resort to simple random sampling "e$ause under it "ies is generally
eliminated and the sampling errors $an "e estimated
MESUREMENT SCALE:
Erom !hat has "een a state a"ove >e $an !rite that s$ales of measurement $an "e
$onsidered 1 term of their mathemati$al properties &the most !idely used $lassifi$ation of
measurement s$ale are:
a%Nominal s3al
'ominally s$ale is simple is simply a system of assigning num"er sym"ol to events in
order to level them&
[44]
)% Or*inal s3al
+he lo!est l4evel of the ordered s$ale that is $ommonly used is ordinal s$ale our "eing
a"le
3%In+(r&al s3al(
+he intervals are ad3usting in terms of some rules that has "een esta"lished as a "ased for
ma%ing the unit eHual&
*% Ra+io s3al(
=atio s$ale is represents the a$tual of amounts of varia"les& (ll stati$ally#
+e$hniHues are usa"le !ith ratio s$ale&
"a+a 3oll(3+ion
( sample si)e of 100 employees is studied for this purpose& 8mployee of different unit
!here randomly administrated the Questionnaire&
"a+a Anal:sis +he analysis of data !as done on "asis of unit# age and no& of years
of 82perien$e and other fa$tors&
[45]
Cha9+(r / :
SOURCE O< "ATA COLLECTION
[46]
SOURCE O< "ATA COLLECTION
+he tas% of data $olle$tion "eings after a resear$h pro"lem has "een
0efined and resear$h design D plan $hal%ed out& >hile
0e$iding a"out the method of data $olle$tion to "e used for the study
+!o type of data $olle$tion
*rimary and
se$ondary data
1 have used stru$tural intervie! s$hedule# Huestionnaire and opinion survey for $olle$tion
of data from primary sour$e& 1ntervie! s$hedules
>ere used for !or%ers $leri$al# $ategory and Huestionnaires !ere used for supervisory
and e2e$utive $adre and opinion survey !as used to %no! the
+e$hnology# per$eption# thoughts and rea$tions of the e2e$utives#
8mployeesD!or%ers and trade union mem"ers of the organi)ation&
1 have used the se$ondary sour$e li%e diary# "oo%s# and maga)ines
(nd other relevant re$ords for $olle$tion of data to %no! a"out
[47]
+he industry as !ell as the respondent&
[4@]
PREPARING THE GUESTIONNAIRE
+he first tas% in the pro$ess of measuring the level of re$ruitment of the $andidates in
=8hether your employees are a"le to handle the things !ith the help of ;is$o *a$%et
+ra$erV
a-Tes "-'o
4&+he installation of ;is$o *a$%et +ra$er is $ostly or notV
a-;ostly "-hether this soft!are is providing se$urity to your net!or%s or not as $ompared to
earlierV
a-Tes "-'o $-;anFt say d-+o some e2tent
[55]
6&Erom !here you heard a"out the ;is$o *a$%et +ra$erV
a-+&. adds "-'e!spaper $-Erom Mar%et d-Ather
[56]
7&>hether your employees needs e2tra attention to handle the things properlyV
aTes "-'o $-Sometimes d-;anFt say
[57]
@&>hether you !ill prefer to install this soft!are in other "ran$hes of your organi)ationV
a-Tes "-'o $-May "e d-;anFt say
C&(re you a"le to handle the te$hni$al issues if may arise or need assistantV
[5@]
a-Tes "-'o $-May "e d-'eed assistant
10&>ill you tell a"out the ;is$o *a$%et +ra$er to other ArganisationV
a-Tes "-'o $-May "e d-;anFt say
[5C]
11&/o! you !ill des$ri"e the servi$es provided "y usV
a-ood "-82$ellent $-Satisfa$tory d-82traordinary
12&1n !hat area !ee need improvementV
a-Soft!are "-;ommunni$ation $-*ri$es d-(ssistant
[60]
[61]
Cha9+(r J :
SCOPE 2 IMPORTANCE O< THE STU"E
[62]
SCOPE 2 IMPORTANCE O< THE STU"E
(s !e %no! the o"3e$tive is to design a net!or% topology for the organisation so that the
$ommuni$ation $an "e esta"lished in an organisaton& +he end users are the employees of
the organisation &So the o"3e$tive is also fo$used on ma%ing topology that must "e easily
understanda"le for the employees&
An$e the $onne$tion has "een esta"lished# our main motive is to ma%e a!are the
te$hni$al issues of the $onne$tion to the employees &Be$ause they are the ultimate users&
O)?(3+i&( o1 +h( s+u*:
7a8 To *(si'n a N(+wor4 To9olo':%
7)8 Es+a)lish (n* ;+o(n* 3onn(3+ion%
[63]
Cha9+(r K :
Th(or(+i3al Con3(9+ LBasi3 (' as !ell# and is used "y "usinesses#
governments# organi)ations# and individuals for almost any purpose imagina"le&+he
te2t"oo% definition of a >(' is a $omputer net!or% spanning regions# $ountries# or even
the !orld& /o!ever# in terms of the appli$ation of $omputer net!or%ing proto$ols and
$on$epts# it may "e "est to vie! >('s as $omputer net!or%ing te$hnologies used to
transmit data over long distan$es# and "et!een different ('s $an also "e "uilt using less $ostly $ir$uit s!it$hing or pa$%et
s!it$hing methods& 'et!or% proto$ols in$luding +;*D1* deliver transport and addressing
fun$tions& *roto$ols in$luding *a$%et over SA'8+DS0/# M*1+;/8S
• B=18S
• =8*8+A=S
• =AU+8=S
• '1;FS
[@1]
-%HUBS: 'et!or%s !here S+(= +A*Ahen a frame
arrives at a s!it$h# the s!it$h e2amines the destination address and for!ards the frame
out the one ne$essary $onne$tion&
>hen !e use the term switch !e must "e $areful "e$ause a s!it$h $an mean t!o
different things& >e must $larify the term "y adding the level at !hi$h the devi$e
operates& >e $an have a t!o9layer s!it$h or a three9layer s!it$h& ( +hr((la
r swi+3h isused at the net!or% layerL it is a %ind of router& +he +wola
r swi+3h performs at thephysi$al and data lin% layers& ( t!o9layer s!it$h is a "ridge# a "ridge !ith many ports
and a design that allo!s "etter ,faster- performan$e& ( "ridge !ith a fe! ports $an
$onne$t a fe! (' headers and trailers& Be$ause a router has to ma%e !ide
area net!or% routing de$isions# the router has to dig do!n into the net!or% layer of the
pa$%et to retrieve the net!or% destination address&
( router is a three9layer devi$e that routes pa$%ets "ased on their logi$al addresses
,host9to9host addressing-& ( router normally $onne$ts iEi '1;s $ontain "uilt9in transmitters D
re$eivers ,trans$eivers-&
1n ne! $omputers# many '1;Fs are no! pre9installed "y the manufa$turer& (ll '1;s
feature a speed rating su$h as 11 M"ps# 54 M"ps or 100 M"ps that suggest the general
performan$e of the unit&
Also !nown As: '1; also stands for 'et!or% 1nformation ;enter& Eor e2ample# the
organi)ation named M1nter'1;M is a '1; that provides information to the general pu"li$
on 1nternet domain names&
( net!or% interfa$e $ard is used "y *; systems to $onne$t to either an 8thernet net!or%
or a !ireless net!or%& Most des%top systems $ome !ith '1;s already installed and you
may need to pur$hase a router to $reate a home offi$e net!or%& Tour $orporate offi$e
des%top uses a net!or% interfa$e $ard to share resour$es and $onne$t to your $orporate
net!or%& '1;s are not used in laptops&
[C1]
Transmission M(*ia
+he transmission media that are used to $onvey information $an "e $lassified as uided
or Unguided&
uided media provide a physi$al path along!hi$h the signals are propagated these
in$lude
1& +!isted pair
2& ;oa2ial $a"le and
3& Apti$al fi"er&
Unguided media employ an antenna for transmitting through
1& (ir
[C2]
2& .a$uum or
3& >ater&
-%Twis+(* 9air:
+raditionally# t!isted pair has "een the !or%horse for $ommuni$ations of all sorts& /igher
data rates over longer distan$es $an "e a$hieved !ith $oa2ial $a"le# and so $oa2ial $a"le
has often "een used for high9speed lo$al area net!or% and for high9$apa$ity long9
distan$e trun% appli$ations& /o!ever# the tremendous $apa$ity of opti$al fi"er has made
that medium more attra$tive than $oa2ial $a"le# and thus opti$al fi"er has ta%en over
mu$h of the mar%et for high9speed