EMERGENCE OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
PREPARED BY, SHRADDHA PALANDE MURTAZA ZAVERI
INTRODUCTION
As the 20th century began modern architects believed it was necessary to invent an architecture that expressed the spirit of a new age and which would surpass the styles, materials, and technologies of earlier architecture Modern architecture also challenged traditional ideas about the types of structures suitable for architectural design Only the important civic buildings, aristocratic palaces, churches, and public institutions had been the mainstay of architectural practices, but modernist designers argued that architects should design all that was necessary for society, even the most humble buildings.
SPREAD OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Modern Architecture comprises of the buildings & building practices of the late 19th & the 20th centuries Modern architects reacted against the architecture of the 19th century, which they felt borrowed too heavily from the past Italian architect Antonio Sant'Elia resoundingly rejected traditional architecture.
SPREAD OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
The origin of modern architecture began in Europe and United States, but now this style has spread across Asia, in countries like Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea & throughout the world. Use of modern materials & technology, are characteristic feature to make modern
Common themes of modern architecture include: "Form follows function", means
that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose. Simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of "unnecessary detail" Visual expression of structure (as opposed to the hiding of structural elements) The related concept of "Truth to
EXAMPLE OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
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Notable architects important to the history and development of . the modernist movement include Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer, Alvar Aalto, Walter Gropius and Louis I Kahn
PIONEERS OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
ROLE OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
As the Industrial Revolution began it also made new materials available for construction. Iron, steel, sheet glass, pre concrete, aluminium drove the invention of new building techniques.
SOME EXAMPLES OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
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EVOLUTION OF SKYSCRAPERS
Architects who worked in the International style wanted to break the architectural tradition & design simple, unornamented buildings. The most commonly used materials for skyscrapers:
§
glass for the facade (usually a curtain wall) steel for exterior support
§
ULTRA MODERN & LUXURIOUS THAILAND Olescheeren SKYLINE styles Click to edit Master text
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COMPETITION
THE INCREASING MODERN ARCHITECTURE RESULTED IN THE COMPETITION BETWEEN THE WORLD NATIONS. EACH COUNTRY WANTED TO DESIGN A STRUCTURE WHICH REPRESENTS THEIR CULTURE AS WELL AS SHOWS THEIR POWER & POSITION IN THE WORLD. THE TOP TEN MONUMENTS OF
Tower Bridge
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La Défense
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The Centre National d'Art Pompidou
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Sydney Opera House
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Golden Gate
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Empire State Building
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Glass pyramid of the Louvre
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St. Louis
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Brasilia
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CN Tower
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA Click to edit Master text styles
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COMPARISON
A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE MODERN ARCHITECTURE & ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE NEEDS TO BE STUDIED ON THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS:
§ § §
TOWN PLANNING CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES MATERIALS
TOWN PLANNING ( BEFORE )
Cities were built with blocks divided by a grid of straight streets, running north-south and east-west. Each block was subdivided by small lanes. A north-south axis from the royal palace east-west axis from the temple meeting at a central plaza where King and God merged and
( NOW )
Cities are divided in grids not of equal sizes. In developing countries cities are planned in a haphazard way . a large number of streets interconnect each other and meet at the main street or road. Holy places are built anywhere according to the requirements of modernization. Every new construction follows a theme of modernization keeping functions and cost efficiency in mind. Limited sized roads are build. these roads are solid built with concrete. Sewage pipelines with manholes and water supply lines run throughout the city(not necessarily at right angles) The junctions of the the roads usually have traffic signals to regulate traffic movement. This is done as today we have a large number of vehicles running on roads every time. This is a contrast to roads earlier. Today we have high rise apartments . Each looking different from the other. Each building itself is an attractive element. This is due to the rise in design race a need attracting customers to the best … Each buildings have different features (different plans, designs etc.) Attractive elements such as cantilevers , projected balconies, full height windows etc are used.
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES (BEFORE)
FOLDED CORNERS
Several structures show the blocks cut with an internal angle, so as to 'fold' the stone around corner's. It is suggested that this was incorporated as an earthquake 'preventative'.
PRE HISTORIC DRILLING
early dynastic Egyptians used
(NOW)
What we do today is stagger the brick walls at the corners
Today we have electric drills of small size to drills bigger than human being
MATERIALS (BEFORE)
The first mortars were made of mud and clay Use of baked brick, using lime or pitch for mortar. kiln-fired bricks and a strong mortar of bitumen was also used. limestone blocks were bound by mortar of mud and clay, or clay and sand
(NOW) Today a variety of
materials are used Not only limestone is used but a variety of other stones are used such as marble, granite, jaisalmer stone, marbonyte,tiles, artificial granite,sand blasted granite glass etc
FUTURE OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE Click to edit Master text styles
Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
ANALYSIS
Modern architecture is a style of building, which emphasis on use of simple forms, functionality and minimum use of ornamentation. It makes sure that the structure designed is derived from its purpose. It creates a scope for the discovery of new materials & new building techniques for
doc_415174179.ppsx
PREPARED BY, SHRADDHA PALANDE MURTAZA ZAVERI
INTRODUCTION
As the 20th century began modern architects believed it was necessary to invent an architecture that expressed the spirit of a new age and which would surpass the styles, materials, and technologies of earlier architecture Modern architecture also challenged traditional ideas about the types of structures suitable for architectural design Only the important civic buildings, aristocratic palaces, churches, and public institutions had been the mainstay of architectural practices, but modernist designers argued that architects should design all that was necessary for society, even the most humble buildings.
SPREAD OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Modern Architecture comprises of the buildings & building practices of the late 19th & the 20th centuries Modern architects reacted against the architecture of the 19th century, which they felt borrowed too heavily from the past Italian architect Antonio Sant'Elia resoundingly rejected traditional architecture.
SPREAD OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
The origin of modern architecture began in Europe and United States, but now this style has spread across Asia, in countries like Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea & throughout the world. Use of modern materials & technology, are characteristic feature to make modern
Common themes of modern architecture include: "Form follows function", means
that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose. Simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of "unnecessary detail" Visual expression of structure (as opposed to the hiding of structural elements) The related concept of "Truth to
EXAMPLE OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
Notable architects important to the history and development of . the modernist movement include Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer, Alvar Aalto, Walter Gropius and Louis I Kahn
PIONEERS OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
ROLE OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
As the Industrial Revolution began it also made new materials available for construction. Iron, steel, sheet glass, pre concrete, aluminium drove the invention of new building techniques.
SOME EXAMPLES OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
EVOLUTION OF SKYSCRAPERS
Architects who worked in the International style wanted to break the architectural tradition & design simple, unornamented buildings. The most commonly used materials for skyscrapers:
§
glass for the facade (usually a curtain wall) steel for exterior support
§
ULTRA MODERN & LUXURIOUS THAILAND Olescheeren SKYLINE styles Click to edit Master text
Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
COMPETITION
THE INCREASING MODERN ARCHITECTURE RESULTED IN THE COMPETITION BETWEEN THE WORLD NATIONS. EACH COUNTRY WANTED TO DESIGN A STRUCTURE WHICH REPRESENTS THEIR CULTURE AS WELL AS SHOWS THEIR POWER & POSITION IN THE WORLD. THE TOP TEN MONUMENTS OF
Tower Bridge
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
La Défense
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
The Centre National d'Art Pompidou
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
Sydney Opera House
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
Golden Gate
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
Empire State Building
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
Glass pyramid of the Louvre
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
St. Louis
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
Brasilia
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
CN Tower
Click to edit Master text styles Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA Click to edit Master text styles
Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
COMPARISON
A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE MODERN ARCHITECTURE & ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE NEEDS TO BE STUDIED ON THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS:
§ § §
TOWN PLANNING CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES MATERIALS
TOWN PLANNING ( BEFORE )
Cities were built with blocks divided by a grid of straight streets, running north-south and east-west. Each block was subdivided by small lanes. A north-south axis from the royal palace east-west axis from the temple meeting at a central plaza where King and God merged and
( NOW )
Cities are divided in grids not of equal sizes. In developing countries cities are planned in a haphazard way . a large number of streets interconnect each other and meet at the main street or road. Holy places are built anywhere according to the requirements of modernization. Every new construction follows a theme of modernization keeping functions and cost efficiency in mind. Limited sized roads are build. these roads are solid built with concrete. Sewage pipelines with manholes and water supply lines run throughout the city(not necessarily at right angles) The junctions of the the roads usually have traffic signals to regulate traffic movement. This is done as today we have a large number of vehicles running on roads every time. This is a contrast to roads earlier. Today we have high rise apartments . Each looking different from the other. Each building itself is an attractive element. This is due to the rise in design race a need attracting customers to the best … Each buildings have different features (different plans, designs etc.) Attractive elements such as cantilevers , projected balconies, full height windows etc are used.
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES (BEFORE)
FOLDED CORNERS
Several structures show the blocks cut with an internal angle, so as to 'fold' the stone around corner's. It is suggested that this was incorporated as an earthquake 'preventative'.
PRE HISTORIC DRILLING
early dynastic Egyptians used
(NOW)
What we do today is stagger the brick walls at the corners
Today we have electric drills of small size to drills bigger than human being
MATERIALS (BEFORE)
The first mortars were made of mud and clay Use of baked brick, using lime or pitch for mortar. kiln-fired bricks and a strong mortar of bitumen was also used. limestone blocks were bound by mortar of mud and clay, or clay and sand
(NOW) Today a variety of
materials are used Not only limestone is used but a variety of other stones are used such as marble, granite, jaisalmer stone, marbonyte,tiles, artificial granite,sand blasted granite glass etc
FUTURE OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE Click to edit Master text styles
Second level ? Third level ? Fourth level ? Fifth level
ANALYSIS
Modern architecture is a style of building, which emphasis on use of simple forms, functionality and minimum use of ornamentation. It makes sure that the structure designed is derived from its purpose. It creates a scope for the discovery of new materials & new building techniques for
doc_415174179.ppsx