Description
It is a research paper about the attitude of MBA final year students towards entrepreneurship in Lovely Professional University
Homework Title / No. : _____________2_________________Course Code : ____ MGN504 Course Instructor: ____Mr. ______Prince Vohra_______ Course Tutor (if applicable): ____________ Date of Allotment: _____20-03-13 _____ Date of submission : ______15-04-13______ No. :
Student’s Roll No. _____A28___________Section ______________Q3202_______________ Declaration:
I declare that this assignment is my own work. I have not copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person. Student’s Signature: _
Aboozar
Evaluator’s Comment: _____________________________________________________________________ Marks obtained: ___________ out of ______________________
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MBA Students attitude towards Job and Entrepreneurship
AboozarKarimi, Q3202 MBA
Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
Abstract
Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in economic development and employment generation in an economy, especially in a rapidly developing country like India. Entrepreneurs are considered to be the seed of industrial development and its fruits are greater employment opportunities, increase in per capita income, higher standard of living and balanced regional development. This paper tries to study the attitudes of MBA second year student towards entrepreneurship in Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial intention, Students entrepreneurial intention, Entrepreneurial attitude.
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Introduction:
This study is aDescriptive research and conducted on 100 final year MBA students of Lovely Professional University (64 Male and 36 female).This research aims to throw shed on the attitude of MBA final year students of LPU towards Job or Entrepreneurship. Even though India is a big country, it has many problems which unemployment is the major one.There are more than six crore well educated youth in India who are unemployed (Economic Times).There has been a drastic increase in the literacy rate in India over the past few decades. Unfortunately, this has failed to curb the unemployment rate. It is widely feared that unless entrepreneurial activities are encouraged and developed, there will be social chaos. The postgraduate in business studies give the opportunities to the graduates to develop skills and abilities to discover new business opportunities and to start-up their own business.Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the rise and prosperity of a nation by cultivating the students and young entrepreneurs with innovation and entrepreneurial capacity, which enhances their competitiveness of employment and development under the circumstance of finance crisis. Though Peter Drucker wrote about innovation and entrepreneurship in the mid-1980s (Innovation and Entrepreneurship Principles and Practices, 1985), but recently, these two factors have changed. Today’s world is changing at a startling pace. Political and economic transformation is pragmatic as nations convert from command to demand economics, dictatorship is replaced by democracy and monarchies build new civil institutions. Thus these changes have caused the economic opportunities for entrepreneurs who want to own and operate their own businesses with innovations and creativity. Entrepreneurship increases life quality, appropriate income distribution and productivity of national resources in addition to job creation.( In the last five years, the number of B-schools in India has tripled to about 4500 amounting to as many as 360000 MBA seats, collectively.) (The Economic Times). The demand has begun to deflate now, as economy growth rate hit its slowest in the last nine years and the quality of education provided by B-schools came under the standard level. “Each year only 10 percent graduates actually get suitable jobs (like executive level) as MBA courses are not adequately designed to match the industry’s demands, besides lack of quality faculty at most of the institutions.”Assocham ET“Barring graduates from well-known B-schools including IIMs, the B-schools are not able to attract companies for campus recruitments.” (The Economic Times). Students in a survey of Economic Times said the business schools promote their brands only on placement and by boasting about high salaries. They offer theoretical courses which lacks practical skills required by the corporate sector.
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Types of Attitudes towards Job: 1. Positive attitude towards Job: It is an attitude that the individualsview his job with love and interest and believes that job is the factor of personal and social success and has a feeling of satisfaction and happiness from his job. In this type of attitude the individual makes relation with job and tries towards his growth with more motivation by performing affairs in a better manner.
2. Negative Attitude towards Job: It is when the individual doesn’t like to perform the job because of any reason and wants to shrink from responsibility. In this type of attitude the individual works by force to conduct his task and is just spending his working hours without any motivation. 3. Neutral Attitude towards Job: In this type of situation the individual has no negative or positive feeling towards business and evaluates performing of the job as a task in lieu of the income that he is received. In this state the individual has no sense of belongingness to the job and performs job to the same amount that he is asked to and doesn’t take action towards job excellence. Evaluation indexes of attitude towards business: Ushi, Kylie and Kloftsan have proposed the following eight cases as evaluation indexes of attitude towards business. 12345678Entrepreneurial Intention, Attitude towards competitiveness, Attitude towards money, Attitude towards change, Attitude towards Entrepreneurship, Perception of the university environment, Environmental perception and Environmental obstacles.
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Purposes and Objectives: The distinct and main aim of this research paper is to explore the attitude and perception level of entrepreneurship and innovation among the current final students of MBA in Lovely Professional University. To do this, the research mainly focused on the important factors and roles of entrepreneurship to the exposed Indian economy. The other objectives of the study are: 1. To disclose the personality traits and entrepreneurship relationship. 2. To analyze the Influence of entrepreneurial education on students. 3. To find the significant difference between the entrepreneur attitude of male and female students.
Review of Literature: In the study on Entrepreneurs Van Der Sluis Et Al 2005 found that the individual education positively affects entrepreneurial success. Studies dealing with time decision to start and own business during the time of education, shows the relationship between education and Entrepreneurial activities. Researchers believe formal education in general do not encourage entrepreneurship, rather it prepares students for corporate domain (Timmons 1994) and suppresses creativity and entrepreneurship. According to the MBAUniverse.com-MeriTrac employability study 2012, which covered 2,264 MBAs from 29 cities and 100 B-schools, beyond the top 25, only 21 percent are employable. “However, the number of MBA seats in India has grown almost four fold- from 94,704 in 200607 to 3,52,571 in 2011-12 resulting in a five year compounded annual growth rate of 30 percent, but their employability rates have fallen.” Businessline.com Universities play a functional role in promoting entrepreneurship education to develop regional and society economies (Binks, Starkey et al 2006: Co and Mitchell 2006). Mahlberg (1996) agrees the remarks by stating that schools and universities have a key role to play in promoting entrepreneurship since educational institutions are ideally considered the place in shaping entrepreneurial cultures and aspirations among students while they are studying to survive in today’s robust business milieu (Autio, Keeley et al. 1997: Landstrom 2005). This is because universities are seedbeds of entrepreneurship to teach their students the way to think and behave entrepreneurially (Bygrave 2004).
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Methodology: To examine the hypotheses and the attitude of respondents, data were gathered from a selfadministered questionnaire andconducted among the students in MBA final year in Lovely Business School of Lovely professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. The questionnaire was adapted from various sources and will act as a means of data collection from respondents. It will be consisted of different parts: demographic and family background, future career planning, future carrier planning and entrepreneurial inclination, role models, Job inclination, the entrepreneurial curriculumand content and entrepreneurial internship programs. The 5point Likert scale is used in questionnaire (with 1= strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3= neutral, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree) for each close-ended question. Before conducting the main study of the research, a pilot test was conducted to improve the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. 100 English-version of questionnaires were randomly distributed to target respondents with the help of respective class representatives in classes and lecturer halls. After the receiving the completed questionnaires, the researcher selected the completed and usable questionnaires. The researcher then compiled the data in SPSS software to analyze the data. In SPSS I have done two types of tests, Descriptive test for demographic and nominal questions and independent sample t test to test the hypothesis of male and female students related to the attitude of them towards entrepreneur attitudes, characteristics and their intentions.
Analysis:
The respondents are of 64 % male and 36% female (Table 1) which overall 27 of them are placed and the rest 73 are not placed to any job by LPU (Table 2). Out of 100 students' family profession 38 are business, 39 Government employees, 13 private employees and 10 others (Table 3). 33 of the students were in marketing field, 51 in finance, 10 in HR, 5 in international relations and 1 in operation (Table 4). 75 % of the respondents are 22-25 years old (Table 5).
Mean Analysis: The characteristics and attitudes of Entrepreneurship have given 5 point likert scales by respondents which the mean of means (Grand Mean) of all these shows 3.7 points. It shows that all the respondents have agreed up to 80% that they have the mentioned characteristics (Table 6).
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Independent sample t test Analysis: H0 H1 Entrepreneur characteristics for both male and female students are same. Entrepreneur characteristics for both male and female students are not same.
To prove the above allegationresearcher has used independent sample t test considering gender (male and female) as independent variables and characteristics as dependent. In this present study .05 level of significant is taken for rejection of null hypothesis and compared with P value as per table no. 7.
Arriving at a statistical conclusion: If the calculated significant value is less than (0.05) the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted and vice versa.
1. Creativity and Innovation: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.45) > (0.05). 2. Emotional stability and confidence: Reject H0 for calculated significant value (0.006) < (0.05). 3. Ability to seize quality opportunity. Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.21) > (0.05). 4. Desire for independence: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.94) > (0.05). 5. Desire for Achievement: Reject H0 for calculated significant value (0.01) < (0.05). 6. Competitiveness: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.98) > (0.05).
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7. Risk taking ability: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.32) > (0.05). 8. I feel driven to make a difference in my community and maybe the world: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.78) > (0.05). 9. I tend to let others take the initiative to start new projects: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.67) > (0.05). 10. Wherever I have been, I have been a powerful force for constructive change: Reject H0 for calculated significant value (0.015) < (0.05). 11. Nothing is more exciting than seeing my ideas turn into reality: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.87) > (0.05). 12. I enjoy facing and overcoming obstacles to my ideas: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.64) > (0.05). 13. If I see something I don't like, I fix it; Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.64) > (0.05). 14. No matter what the odds, if I believe in something, I will make it happen: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.59) > (0.05). 15. I love being a champion for my ideas, even against others' opposition: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.14) > (0.05). 16. I excel at identifying opportunities. Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.39) > (0.05). 17. I am always looking for better ways to do things: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.22) > (0.05). 18. If I believe in an idea, no obstacle will prevent me from making it happen: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.28) > (0.05).
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19. I will do business to earn profit: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (1.00) > (0.05). 20. When I have a problem, I tackle it head-on: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.18) > (0.05). 21. I can spot a good opportunity long before others can: Reject H0 for calculated significant value (0.023) < (0.05). 22. I am great at turning problems into opportunities: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.18) > (0.05). 23. If I see someone in trouble, I help out in any way I can: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.43) > (0.05). 24. I want to be my own boss: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.17) > (0.05). 25. I think starting a new venture is risky: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.62) > (0.05). 26. I see myself venturing into business in the next 5 years: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.24) > (0.05). 27. I have the knowledge and skills required to start a new business initiative: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.98) > (0.05). 28. I would like to have a business enterprise after my name: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.51) > (0.05). 29. I wish to stay in my native place: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.73) > (0.05). 30. I wish to avoid job uncertainties and changes: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.09) > (0.05).
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Table 1
Gender of Respondent Frequency Valid Male Female Total 64 36 100 Percent 64.0 36.0 100.0 Valid Percent 64.0 36.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 64.0 100.0
Table 2 Placement Status Frequency Valid 1 2 Total 27 73 100 Percent 27.0 73.0 100.0 Valid Percent 27.0 73.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 27.0 100.0
Table 3 Family Profession Frequency Valid Business Government Employment Private Employment Others Total 38 39 13 10 100 Percent 38.0 39.0 13.0 10.0 100.0 Valid Percent 38.0 39.0 13.0 10.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 38.0 77.0 90.0 100.0
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Table 4 Specialization Frequency Valid Marketing Finance Human Resource International Business Operation Total 33 51 10 5 1 100 Percent 33.0 51.0 10.0 5.0 1.0 100.0 Valid Percent 33.0 51.0 10.0 5.0 1.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 33.0 84.0 94.0 99.0 100.0
Table 5 Age of respondent Frequency Valid 18-22 22-25 25-30 30-35 Total 8 75 15 2 100 Percent 8.0 75.0 15.0 2.0 100.0 Valid Percent 8.0 75.0 15.0 2.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 8.0 83.0 98.0 100.0
Bar Charts
Figure 1 Figure 2
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Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 5
Figure 4
T-Test
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Table 6
Group Statistics
Gender of Responden t Creativity an Innovation Male Female Emotional Stability and Confidence Ability to seize quality opportunity Desire for independence Male Female Male Female Male Female Desire for Achievement Male Female Competitiveness Male Female Risk taking ability Male Female I feel driven to make a difference Male in my community and maybe the Female world. I tend to let others take the initiative to start new projects. Wherever I have been, I have been a powerful force for constructive change. Nothing is more exciting than Male Male Female Male Female N 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 Mean 4.04688 4.19444 3.5625 4.1389 3.5156 3.9444 3.7344 3.7500 3.9531 4.5000 3.8281 4.8889 3.6719 3.8889 3.48 3.81 3.7969 3.3611 3.2969 3.8056 4.2188 4.2500 3.6094 3.6944 3.4062 3.5000 Std. Deviation 1.045469 .709907 1.09653 .76168 .99191 .62994 1.21161 .84092 1.10453 .77460 1.12058 4.87429 1.18261 .97915 .926 .749 1.11526 1.15022 1.15029 .57666 .96722 .87423 .91923 .82183 1.00347 .91026 Std. Error Mean .130684 .118318 .13707 .12695 .12399 .10499 .15145 .14015 .13807 .12910 .14007 .81238 .14783 .16319 .116 .125 .13941 .19170 .14379 .09611 .12090 .14571 .11490 .13697 .12543 .15171
seeing my ideas turn into reality. Female I enjoy facing and overcoming obstacles to my ideas If I see something I don't like, I fix it. Male Female Male Female
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No matter what the odds, if I
Male
64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36
3.8438 3.9444 3.5938 3.9167 3.8125 3.6667 4.2500 4.4444 3.6875 3.9167 3.750 3.750 3.7344 3.4722 3.5312 3.9444 3.6094 3.8611 4.0000 4.1667 3.8594 4.1944 3.3281 3.1944 3.8594 4.1389 3.9688 3.9722 3.7188 3.8611
.89476 .92410 1.06486 .99642 .85217 .75593 .83571 .60684 1.13913 .76997 1.1127 .9673 .91274 .99960 .95898 .62994 1.04831 .59295 1.05409 .94112 1.23272 1.09073 1.29780 1.36945 1.28319 .83333 .85391 .65405 1.11936 .89929
.11184 .15402 .13311 .16607 .10652 .12599 .10446 .10114 .14239 .12833 .1391 .1612 .11409 .16660 .11987 .10499 .13104 .09882 .13176 .15685 .15409 .18179 .16222 .22824 .16040 .13889 .10674 .10901 .13992 .14988
believe in something, I will make Female it happen. I love being a champion for my Male ideas, even against others' opposition. I excel at identifying opportunities. I am always looking for better ways to do things. If I believe in an idea, no obstacle will prevent me from making it happen. I will do business to earn profit. Male Female When I have a problem, I tackle Male it head-on. I can spot a good opportunity long before others can. I am great at turning problems into opportunities. If I see someone in trouble, I help out in any way I can. I want to be my own boss. Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female I think starting a new venture is Male risky. I see myself venturing into business in the next 5 years. I have the knowledge and skills Female Male Female Male Male Female Male Female Male Female Female
required to start a new business Female initiative. I would like to have a business enterprise after my name. Male Female
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I wish to stay in my native place. Male Female I wish to avoid job uncertainties Male and changes. Female
64 36 64 36
3.7812 3.6944 3.5938 3.1944
1.33890 .98036 1.07966 1.19090
.16736 .16339 .13496 .19848
Grand Mean
3.750927
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Table 7
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error Difference tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper .453 -.147569 .405 -.147569 .006 -.57639 .003 -.57639 .021 -.42882 .010 -.42882 .945 -.01562 .940 -.01562 .010 -.54688 .005 -.54688 .195726 .176288 .20626 .18682 .18331 .16247 .22786 .20635 .20818 .18902 -.535982 -.497572 -.98570 -.94735 -.79260 -.75130 -.46781 -.42536 -.96001 -.92223 .240843 .202434 -.16708 -.20542 -.06504 -.10634 .43656 .39411 -.13374 -.17152
F Creativity and Innovation Equal variances assumed 1.542
Sig. .217
t -.754 -.837
df 98 94.419
Emotional Stability and Confidence Ability to seize quality opportunity Desire for independence
Desire for Achievement
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances 6.154 assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances 14.686 assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances 6.694 assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances .805 assumed Equal variances not assumed
.015
-2.795 98 -3.085 93.544
.000
-2.339 98 -2.639 96.464
.011
-.069 -.076
98 93.577
.372
-2.627 98 -2.893 93.150
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Competitiveness
Equal variances 1.577 assumed Equal variances not assumed Risk taking ability Equal variances 3.440 assumed Equal variances not assumed I feel driven to Equal variances 2.925 make a difference assumed in my community Equal variances not and maybe the assumed world. I tend to let others Equal variances .087 take the initiative assumed to start new Equal variances not projects. assumed Wherever I have Equal variances 14.815 been, I have been assumed a powerful force Equal variances not for constructive assumed change. Nothing is more Equal variances .084 exciting than assumed seeing my ideas Equal variances not turn into reality. assumed I enjoy facing and Equal variances 1.760 overcoming assumed obstacles to my Equal variances not ideas assumed
.212
-1.670 98 -1.287 37.094
.098 -1.06076 .206 -1.06076 .352 -.21701 .327 -.21701 .078 -.321 .063 -.321 .067 .43576 .070 .43576 .015 -.50868 .004 -.50868 .873 -.03125 .869 -.03125 .646 -.08507 .636 -.08507
.63508 .82437 .23213 .22019 .181 .170 .23497 .23703 .20512 .17295 .19481 .18933 .18452 .17878
-2.32105 -2.73095 -.67767 -.65485 -.680 -.660 -.03053 -.03689 -.91573 -.85194 -.41784 -.40811 -.45123 -.44088
.19952 .60942 .24364 .22083 .037 .017 .90206 .90842 -.10163 -.16542 .35534 .34561 .28110 .27075
.067
-.935 -.986
98 84.425
.090
-1.779 98 -1.887 85.789
.769
1.855 1.838
98 70.805
.000
-2.480 98 -2.941 97.013
.773
-.160 -.165
98 78.986 98 79.674
.188
-.461 -.476
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If I see something Equal variances 1.163 I don't like, I fix it. assumed Equal variances not assumed No matter what Equal variances .429 the odds, if I assumed believe in Equal variances not something, I will assumed make it happen. I love being a Equal variances 4.578 champion for my assumed ideas, even against Equal variances not others' opposition. assumed I excel at Equal variances .026 identifying assumed opportunities. Equal variances not assumed I am always Equal variances 1.257 looking for better assumed ways to do things. Equal variances not assumed If I believe in an Equal variances 7.860 idea, no obstacle assumed will prevent me Equal variances not from making it assumed happen. I will do business Equal variances .784 to earn profit. assumed Equal variances not assumed
.283
-.463 -.476
98 78.760 98 70.721
.644 -.09375 .635 -.09375 .595 -.10069 .598 -.10069 .140 -.32292 .133 -.32292 .395 .14583 .379 .14583 .224 -.19444 .184 -.19444 .285 -.22917 .235 -.22917 1.000 .0000 1.000 .0000
.20233 .19685 .18861 .19034 .21686 .21283 .17065 .16498 .15873 .14540 .21306 .19169 .2215 .2129
-.49528 -.48559 -.47499 -.48025 -.75327 -.74673 -.19281 -.18248 -.50944 -.48324 -.65198 -.60973 -.4395 -.4236
.30778 .29809 .27360 .27887 .10744 .10090 .48447 .47415 .12055 .09436 .19365 .15140 .4395 .4236
.514
-.534 -.529
.035
-1.489 98 -1.517 76.805
.873
.855 .884
98 80.166
.265
-1.225 98 -1.337 91.596
.006
-1.076 98 -1.196 94.585
.378
.000 .000
18
98 81.428
When I have a Equal variances .509 problem, I tackle it assumed head-on. Equal variances not assumed I can spot a good Equal variances 13.254 opportunity long assumed before others can. Equal variances not assumed I am great at Equal variances 14.182 turning problems assumed into opportunities. Equal variances not assumed If I see someone Equal variances .029 in trouble, I help assumed out in any way I Equal variances not can. assumed I want to be my Equal variances .981 own boss. assumed Equal variances not assumed I think starting a Equal variances .396 new venture is assumed risky. Equal variances not assumed I see myself Equal variances 11.201 venturing into assumed business in the Equal variances not next 5 years. assumed
.477
1.332 1.298
98 67.303
.186 .26215 .199 .26215 .023 -.41319 .011 -.41319 .188 -.25174 .128 -.25174 .433 -.16667 .418 -.16667 .177 -.33507 .164 -.33507 .629 .13368 .635 .13368 .243 -.27951 .191 -.27951
.19681 .20192 .17836 .15935 .19003 .16413 .21150 .20485 .24666 .23831 .27580 .28002 .23813 .21217
-.12841 -.14085 -.76714 -.72952 -.62885 -.57744 -.58638 -.57435 -.82456 -.80929 -.41363 -.42488 -.75208 -.70068
.65271 .66516 -.05925 -.09687 .12538 .07397 .25304 .24102 .15442 .13915 .68099 .69224 .19305 .14166
.000
-2.317 98 -2.593 95.535
.000
-1.325 98 -1.534 97.988
.865
-.788 -.814
98 79.759
.324
-1.358 98 -1.406 80.325
.530
.485 .477
98 69.448
.001
-1.174 98 -1.317 95.874
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I have the knowledge and skills required to start a new business initiative. I would like to have a business enterprise after my name.
Equal variances 4.901 assumed Equal variances not assumed
.029
-.021 -.023
98 88.892 98 86.211 98 91.198 98 66.900
.983 -.00347 .982 -.00347 .515 -.14236 .489 -.14236 .734 .08681 .711 .08681 .090 .39931 .101 .39931
.16424 .15256 .21794 .20504 .25479 .23390 .23347 .24002
-.32941 -.30662 -.57485 -.54996 -.41881 -.37779 -.06401 -.07979
.32246 .29968 .29013 .26524 .59242 .55140 .86262 .87840
Equal variances 1.534 assumed Equal variances not assumed I wish to stay in Equal variances 4.784 my native place. assumed Equal variances not assumed I wish to avoid job Equal variances .439 uncertainties and assumed changes. Equal variances not assumed
.219
-.653 -.694
.031
.341 .371
.509
1.710 1.664
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Conclusion:
This study has proved that 80% of the second year students have the same level of perception towards entrepreneurship in Lovely Professional University, though the major part of respondents are male. The analysis of the study carried out brings some interesting and encouraging outcomes about entrepreneurial intentions of students. It was found that majority of the students were interested in pursuing entrepreneurial careers. The educational background of the students also has an influence on their intention to venture into entrepreneurship. The family background of students also has a great impact on their attitude towards entrepreneurship as business background students have greater inclination towards entrepreneurship. The other thing this study discloses that the male students are more likely to start their business than female students. Psychological characteristics like attitude, autonomy, independence, self-efficacy and ownership have greater influence on their intention to start business those social and demographic factors.
References: 1. Inclination towards entrepreneurship among university students: an empirical study of Mlaysian University students. 2. Reports from The Economic Times of India. 3.http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._4;_March_2011/24.pdf 4.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19897823 5.http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/...a-graduatesunemployable-cat-iim/1/225471.html
6. Web portal MBAuniverse.com an Merit-Track survey. 7. Evaluation of Attitude Towards Businiess ( Case Study: Students of Najaf-Abad Branch Islamic Azad University, Iran.) 8. IJEMR - April 2012-Vol 2 Issue 4 - Online - ISSN 2249–2585 - Print - ISSN 2249-8672 9. www.exclusivemba.com/ijemr 10. John B. Hope, Brian Oh,”Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship among Veter. 11. Ethem, Duv (2008), Institutional profiles and Entrepreneurship Orientation: A case of Tarkish Graduate (2008) Students, MPRA Paper No. 7247, Izmir, Turkey. 12. STUDENTS INTENTION TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES DR. MOHSIN SHAIKH*
13. AWAKENING THE ENTREPRENEUR: AN EXAMINATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AMONG MBA STUDENTS
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doc_678013041.pdf
It is a research paper about the attitude of MBA final year students towards entrepreneurship in Lovely Professional University
Homework Title / No. : _____________2_________________Course Code : ____ MGN504 Course Instructor: ____Mr. ______Prince Vohra_______ Course Tutor (if applicable): ____________ Date of Allotment: _____20-03-13 _____ Date of submission : ______15-04-13______ No. :
Student’s Roll No. _____A28___________Section ______________Q3202_______________ Declaration:
I declare that this assignment is my own work. I have not copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person. Student’s Signature: _
Aboozar
Evaluator’s Comment: _____________________________________________________________________ Marks obtained: ___________ out of ______________________
1
MBA Students attitude towards Job and Entrepreneurship
AboozarKarimi, Q3202 MBA
Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
Abstract
Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in economic development and employment generation in an economy, especially in a rapidly developing country like India. Entrepreneurs are considered to be the seed of industrial development and its fruits are greater employment opportunities, increase in per capita income, higher standard of living and balanced regional development. This paper tries to study the attitudes of MBA second year student towards entrepreneurship in Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial intention, Students entrepreneurial intention, Entrepreneurial attitude.
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Introduction:
This study is aDescriptive research and conducted on 100 final year MBA students of Lovely Professional University (64 Male and 36 female).This research aims to throw shed on the attitude of MBA final year students of LPU towards Job or Entrepreneurship. Even though India is a big country, it has many problems which unemployment is the major one.There are more than six crore well educated youth in India who are unemployed (Economic Times).There has been a drastic increase in the literacy rate in India over the past few decades. Unfortunately, this has failed to curb the unemployment rate. It is widely feared that unless entrepreneurial activities are encouraged and developed, there will be social chaos. The postgraduate in business studies give the opportunities to the graduates to develop skills and abilities to discover new business opportunities and to start-up their own business.Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the rise and prosperity of a nation by cultivating the students and young entrepreneurs with innovation and entrepreneurial capacity, which enhances their competitiveness of employment and development under the circumstance of finance crisis. Though Peter Drucker wrote about innovation and entrepreneurship in the mid-1980s (Innovation and Entrepreneurship Principles and Practices, 1985), but recently, these two factors have changed. Today’s world is changing at a startling pace. Political and economic transformation is pragmatic as nations convert from command to demand economics, dictatorship is replaced by democracy and monarchies build new civil institutions. Thus these changes have caused the economic opportunities for entrepreneurs who want to own and operate their own businesses with innovations and creativity. Entrepreneurship increases life quality, appropriate income distribution and productivity of national resources in addition to job creation.( In the last five years, the number of B-schools in India has tripled to about 4500 amounting to as many as 360000 MBA seats, collectively.) (The Economic Times). The demand has begun to deflate now, as economy growth rate hit its slowest in the last nine years and the quality of education provided by B-schools came under the standard level. “Each year only 10 percent graduates actually get suitable jobs (like executive level) as MBA courses are not adequately designed to match the industry’s demands, besides lack of quality faculty at most of the institutions.”Assocham ET“Barring graduates from well-known B-schools including IIMs, the B-schools are not able to attract companies for campus recruitments.” (The Economic Times). Students in a survey of Economic Times said the business schools promote their brands only on placement and by boasting about high salaries. They offer theoretical courses which lacks practical skills required by the corporate sector.
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Types of Attitudes towards Job: 1. Positive attitude towards Job: It is an attitude that the individualsview his job with love and interest and believes that job is the factor of personal and social success and has a feeling of satisfaction and happiness from his job. In this type of attitude the individual makes relation with job and tries towards his growth with more motivation by performing affairs in a better manner.
2. Negative Attitude towards Job: It is when the individual doesn’t like to perform the job because of any reason and wants to shrink from responsibility. In this type of attitude the individual works by force to conduct his task and is just spending his working hours without any motivation. 3. Neutral Attitude towards Job: In this type of situation the individual has no negative or positive feeling towards business and evaluates performing of the job as a task in lieu of the income that he is received. In this state the individual has no sense of belongingness to the job and performs job to the same amount that he is asked to and doesn’t take action towards job excellence. Evaluation indexes of attitude towards business: Ushi, Kylie and Kloftsan have proposed the following eight cases as evaluation indexes of attitude towards business. 12345678Entrepreneurial Intention, Attitude towards competitiveness, Attitude towards money, Attitude towards change, Attitude towards Entrepreneurship, Perception of the university environment, Environmental perception and Environmental obstacles.
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Purposes and Objectives: The distinct and main aim of this research paper is to explore the attitude and perception level of entrepreneurship and innovation among the current final students of MBA in Lovely Professional University. To do this, the research mainly focused on the important factors and roles of entrepreneurship to the exposed Indian economy. The other objectives of the study are: 1. To disclose the personality traits and entrepreneurship relationship. 2. To analyze the Influence of entrepreneurial education on students. 3. To find the significant difference between the entrepreneur attitude of male and female students.
Review of Literature: In the study on Entrepreneurs Van Der Sluis Et Al 2005 found that the individual education positively affects entrepreneurial success. Studies dealing with time decision to start and own business during the time of education, shows the relationship between education and Entrepreneurial activities. Researchers believe formal education in general do not encourage entrepreneurship, rather it prepares students for corporate domain (Timmons 1994) and suppresses creativity and entrepreneurship. According to the MBAUniverse.com-MeriTrac employability study 2012, which covered 2,264 MBAs from 29 cities and 100 B-schools, beyond the top 25, only 21 percent are employable. “However, the number of MBA seats in India has grown almost four fold- from 94,704 in 200607 to 3,52,571 in 2011-12 resulting in a five year compounded annual growth rate of 30 percent, but their employability rates have fallen.” Businessline.com Universities play a functional role in promoting entrepreneurship education to develop regional and society economies (Binks, Starkey et al 2006: Co and Mitchell 2006). Mahlberg (1996) agrees the remarks by stating that schools and universities have a key role to play in promoting entrepreneurship since educational institutions are ideally considered the place in shaping entrepreneurial cultures and aspirations among students while they are studying to survive in today’s robust business milieu (Autio, Keeley et al. 1997: Landstrom 2005). This is because universities are seedbeds of entrepreneurship to teach their students the way to think and behave entrepreneurially (Bygrave 2004).
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Methodology: To examine the hypotheses and the attitude of respondents, data were gathered from a selfadministered questionnaire andconducted among the students in MBA final year in Lovely Business School of Lovely professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. The questionnaire was adapted from various sources and will act as a means of data collection from respondents. It will be consisted of different parts: demographic and family background, future career planning, future carrier planning and entrepreneurial inclination, role models, Job inclination, the entrepreneurial curriculumand content and entrepreneurial internship programs. The 5point Likert scale is used in questionnaire (with 1= strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3= neutral, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree) for each close-ended question. Before conducting the main study of the research, a pilot test was conducted to improve the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. 100 English-version of questionnaires were randomly distributed to target respondents with the help of respective class representatives in classes and lecturer halls. After the receiving the completed questionnaires, the researcher selected the completed and usable questionnaires. The researcher then compiled the data in SPSS software to analyze the data. In SPSS I have done two types of tests, Descriptive test for demographic and nominal questions and independent sample t test to test the hypothesis of male and female students related to the attitude of them towards entrepreneur attitudes, characteristics and their intentions.
Analysis:
The respondents are of 64 % male and 36% female (Table 1) which overall 27 of them are placed and the rest 73 are not placed to any job by LPU (Table 2). Out of 100 students' family profession 38 are business, 39 Government employees, 13 private employees and 10 others (Table 3). 33 of the students were in marketing field, 51 in finance, 10 in HR, 5 in international relations and 1 in operation (Table 4). 75 % of the respondents are 22-25 years old (Table 5).
Mean Analysis: The characteristics and attitudes of Entrepreneurship have given 5 point likert scales by respondents which the mean of means (Grand Mean) of all these shows 3.7 points. It shows that all the respondents have agreed up to 80% that they have the mentioned characteristics (Table 6).
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Independent sample t test Analysis: H0 H1 Entrepreneur characteristics for both male and female students are same. Entrepreneur characteristics for both male and female students are not same.
To prove the above allegationresearcher has used independent sample t test considering gender (male and female) as independent variables and characteristics as dependent. In this present study .05 level of significant is taken for rejection of null hypothesis and compared with P value as per table no. 7.
Arriving at a statistical conclusion: If the calculated significant value is less than (0.05) the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted and vice versa.
1. Creativity and Innovation: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.45) > (0.05). 2. Emotional stability and confidence: Reject H0 for calculated significant value (0.006) < (0.05). 3. Ability to seize quality opportunity. Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.21) > (0.05). 4. Desire for independence: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.94) > (0.05). 5. Desire for Achievement: Reject H0 for calculated significant value (0.01) < (0.05). 6. Competitiveness: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.98) > (0.05).
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7. Risk taking ability: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.32) > (0.05). 8. I feel driven to make a difference in my community and maybe the world: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.78) > (0.05). 9. I tend to let others take the initiative to start new projects: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.67) > (0.05). 10. Wherever I have been, I have been a powerful force for constructive change: Reject H0 for calculated significant value (0.015) < (0.05). 11. Nothing is more exciting than seeing my ideas turn into reality: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.87) > (0.05). 12. I enjoy facing and overcoming obstacles to my ideas: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.64) > (0.05). 13. If I see something I don't like, I fix it; Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.64) > (0.05). 14. No matter what the odds, if I believe in something, I will make it happen: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.59) > (0.05). 15. I love being a champion for my ideas, even against others' opposition: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.14) > (0.05). 16. I excel at identifying opportunities. Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.39) > (0.05). 17. I am always looking for better ways to do things: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.22) > (0.05). 18. If I believe in an idea, no obstacle will prevent me from making it happen: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.28) > (0.05).
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19. I will do business to earn profit: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (1.00) > (0.05). 20. When I have a problem, I tackle it head-on: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.18) > (0.05). 21. I can spot a good opportunity long before others can: Reject H0 for calculated significant value (0.023) < (0.05). 22. I am great at turning problems into opportunities: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.18) > (0.05). 23. If I see someone in trouble, I help out in any way I can: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.43) > (0.05). 24. I want to be my own boss: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.17) > (0.05). 25. I think starting a new venture is risky: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.62) > (0.05). 26. I see myself venturing into business in the next 5 years: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.24) > (0.05). 27. I have the knowledge and skills required to start a new business initiative: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.98) > (0.05). 28. I would like to have a business enterprise after my name: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.51) > (0.05). 29. I wish to stay in my native place: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.73) > (0.05). 30. I wish to avoid job uncertainties and changes: Accept H0 because calculated significant value (0.09) > (0.05).
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Table 1
Gender of Respondent Frequency Valid Male Female Total 64 36 100 Percent 64.0 36.0 100.0 Valid Percent 64.0 36.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 64.0 100.0
Table 2 Placement Status Frequency Valid 1 2 Total 27 73 100 Percent 27.0 73.0 100.0 Valid Percent 27.0 73.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 27.0 100.0
Table 3 Family Profession Frequency Valid Business Government Employment Private Employment Others Total 38 39 13 10 100 Percent 38.0 39.0 13.0 10.0 100.0 Valid Percent 38.0 39.0 13.0 10.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 38.0 77.0 90.0 100.0
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Table 4 Specialization Frequency Valid Marketing Finance Human Resource International Business Operation Total 33 51 10 5 1 100 Percent 33.0 51.0 10.0 5.0 1.0 100.0 Valid Percent 33.0 51.0 10.0 5.0 1.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 33.0 84.0 94.0 99.0 100.0
Table 5 Age of respondent Frequency Valid 18-22 22-25 25-30 30-35 Total 8 75 15 2 100 Percent 8.0 75.0 15.0 2.0 100.0 Valid Percent 8.0 75.0 15.0 2.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 8.0 83.0 98.0 100.0
Bar Charts
Figure 1 Figure 2
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Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 5
Figure 4
T-Test
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Table 6
Group Statistics
Gender of Responden t Creativity an Innovation Male Female Emotional Stability and Confidence Ability to seize quality opportunity Desire for independence Male Female Male Female Male Female Desire for Achievement Male Female Competitiveness Male Female Risk taking ability Male Female I feel driven to make a difference Male in my community and maybe the Female world. I tend to let others take the initiative to start new projects. Wherever I have been, I have been a powerful force for constructive change. Nothing is more exciting than Male Male Female Male Female N 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 Mean 4.04688 4.19444 3.5625 4.1389 3.5156 3.9444 3.7344 3.7500 3.9531 4.5000 3.8281 4.8889 3.6719 3.8889 3.48 3.81 3.7969 3.3611 3.2969 3.8056 4.2188 4.2500 3.6094 3.6944 3.4062 3.5000 Std. Deviation 1.045469 .709907 1.09653 .76168 .99191 .62994 1.21161 .84092 1.10453 .77460 1.12058 4.87429 1.18261 .97915 .926 .749 1.11526 1.15022 1.15029 .57666 .96722 .87423 .91923 .82183 1.00347 .91026 Std. Error Mean .130684 .118318 .13707 .12695 .12399 .10499 .15145 .14015 .13807 .12910 .14007 .81238 .14783 .16319 .116 .125 .13941 .19170 .14379 .09611 .12090 .14571 .11490 .13697 .12543 .15171
seeing my ideas turn into reality. Female I enjoy facing and overcoming obstacles to my ideas If I see something I don't like, I fix it. Male Female Male Female
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No matter what the odds, if I
Male
64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36 64 36
3.8438 3.9444 3.5938 3.9167 3.8125 3.6667 4.2500 4.4444 3.6875 3.9167 3.750 3.750 3.7344 3.4722 3.5312 3.9444 3.6094 3.8611 4.0000 4.1667 3.8594 4.1944 3.3281 3.1944 3.8594 4.1389 3.9688 3.9722 3.7188 3.8611
.89476 .92410 1.06486 .99642 .85217 .75593 .83571 .60684 1.13913 .76997 1.1127 .9673 .91274 .99960 .95898 .62994 1.04831 .59295 1.05409 .94112 1.23272 1.09073 1.29780 1.36945 1.28319 .83333 .85391 .65405 1.11936 .89929
.11184 .15402 .13311 .16607 .10652 .12599 .10446 .10114 .14239 .12833 .1391 .1612 .11409 .16660 .11987 .10499 .13104 .09882 .13176 .15685 .15409 .18179 .16222 .22824 .16040 .13889 .10674 .10901 .13992 .14988
believe in something, I will make Female it happen. I love being a champion for my Male ideas, even against others' opposition. I excel at identifying opportunities. I am always looking for better ways to do things. If I believe in an idea, no obstacle will prevent me from making it happen. I will do business to earn profit. Male Female When I have a problem, I tackle Male it head-on. I can spot a good opportunity long before others can. I am great at turning problems into opportunities. If I see someone in trouble, I help out in any way I can. I want to be my own boss. Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female I think starting a new venture is Male risky. I see myself venturing into business in the next 5 years. I have the knowledge and skills Female Male Female Male Male Female Male Female Male Female Female
required to start a new business Female initiative. I would like to have a business enterprise after my name. Male Female
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I wish to stay in my native place. Male Female I wish to avoid job uncertainties Male and changes. Female
64 36 64 36
3.7812 3.6944 3.5938 3.1944
1.33890 .98036 1.07966 1.19090
.16736 .16339 .13496 .19848
Grand Mean
3.750927
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Table 7
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error Difference tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper .453 -.147569 .405 -.147569 .006 -.57639 .003 -.57639 .021 -.42882 .010 -.42882 .945 -.01562 .940 -.01562 .010 -.54688 .005 -.54688 .195726 .176288 .20626 .18682 .18331 .16247 .22786 .20635 .20818 .18902 -.535982 -.497572 -.98570 -.94735 -.79260 -.75130 -.46781 -.42536 -.96001 -.92223 .240843 .202434 -.16708 -.20542 -.06504 -.10634 .43656 .39411 -.13374 -.17152
F Creativity and Innovation Equal variances assumed 1.542
Sig. .217
t -.754 -.837
df 98 94.419
Emotional Stability and Confidence Ability to seize quality opportunity Desire for independence
Desire for Achievement
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances 6.154 assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances 14.686 assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances 6.694 assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances .805 assumed Equal variances not assumed
.015
-2.795 98 -3.085 93.544
.000
-2.339 98 -2.639 96.464
.011
-.069 -.076
98 93.577
.372
-2.627 98 -2.893 93.150
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Competitiveness
Equal variances 1.577 assumed Equal variances not assumed Risk taking ability Equal variances 3.440 assumed Equal variances not assumed I feel driven to Equal variances 2.925 make a difference assumed in my community Equal variances not and maybe the assumed world. I tend to let others Equal variances .087 take the initiative assumed to start new Equal variances not projects. assumed Wherever I have Equal variances 14.815 been, I have been assumed a powerful force Equal variances not for constructive assumed change. Nothing is more Equal variances .084 exciting than assumed seeing my ideas Equal variances not turn into reality. assumed I enjoy facing and Equal variances 1.760 overcoming assumed obstacles to my Equal variances not ideas assumed
.212
-1.670 98 -1.287 37.094
.098 -1.06076 .206 -1.06076 .352 -.21701 .327 -.21701 .078 -.321 .063 -.321 .067 .43576 .070 .43576 .015 -.50868 .004 -.50868 .873 -.03125 .869 -.03125 .646 -.08507 .636 -.08507
.63508 .82437 .23213 .22019 .181 .170 .23497 .23703 .20512 .17295 .19481 .18933 .18452 .17878
-2.32105 -2.73095 -.67767 -.65485 -.680 -.660 -.03053 -.03689 -.91573 -.85194 -.41784 -.40811 -.45123 -.44088
.19952 .60942 .24364 .22083 .037 .017 .90206 .90842 -.10163 -.16542 .35534 .34561 .28110 .27075
.067
-.935 -.986
98 84.425
.090
-1.779 98 -1.887 85.789
.769
1.855 1.838
98 70.805
.000
-2.480 98 -2.941 97.013
.773
-.160 -.165
98 78.986 98 79.674
.188
-.461 -.476
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If I see something Equal variances 1.163 I don't like, I fix it. assumed Equal variances not assumed No matter what Equal variances .429 the odds, if I assumed believe in Equal variances not something, I will assumed make it happen. I love being a Equal variances 4.578 champion for my assumed ideas, even against Equal variances not others' opposition. assumed I excel at Equal variances .026 identifying assumed opportunities. Equal variances not assumed I am always Equal variances 1.257 looking for better assumed ways to do things. Equal variances not assumed If I believe in an Equal variances 7.860 idea, no obstacle assumed will prevent me Equal variances not from making it assumed happen. I will do business Equal variances .784 to earn profit. assumed Equal variances not assumed
.283
-.463 -.476
98 78.760 98 70.721
.644 -.09375 .635 -.09375 .595 -.10069 .598 -.10069 .140 -.32292 .133 -.32292 .395 .14583 .379 .14583 .224 -.19444 .184 -.19444 .285 -.22917 .235 -.22917 1.000 .0000 1.000 .0000
.20233 .19685 .18861 .19034 .21686 .21283 .17065 .16498 .15873 .14540 .21306 .19169 .2215 .2129
-.49528 -.48559 -.47499 -.48025 -.75327 -.74673 -.19281 -.18248 -.50944 -.48324 -.65198 -.60973 -.4395 -.4236
.30778 .29809 .27360 .27887 .10744 .10090 .48447 .47415 .12055 .09436 .19365 .15140 .4395 .4236
.514
-.534 -.529
.035
-1.489 98 -1.517 76.805
.873
.855 .884
98 80.166
.265
-1.225 98 -1.337 91.596
.006
-1.076 98 -1.196 94.585
.378
.000 .000
18
98 81.428
When I have a Equal variances .509 problem, I tackle it assumed head-on. Equal variances not assumed I can spot a good Equal variances 13.254 opportunity long assumed before others can. Equal variances not assumed I am great at Equal variances 14.182 turning problems assumed into opportunities. Equal variances not assumed If I see someone Equal variances .029 in trouble, I help assumed out in any way I Equal variances not can. assumed I want to be my Equal variances .981 own boss. assumed Equal variances not assumed I think starting a Equal variances .396 new venture is assumed risky. Equal variances not assumed I see myself Equal variances 11.201 venturing into assumed business in the Equal variances not next 5 years. assumed
.477
1.332 1.298
98 67.303
.186 .26215 .199 .26215 .023 -.41319 .011 -.41319 .188 -.25174 .128 -.25174 .433 -.16667 .418 -.16667 .177 -.33507 .164 -.33507 .629 .13368 .635 .13368 .243 -.27951 .191 -.27951
.19681 .20192 .17836 .15935 .19003 .16413 .21150 .20485 .24666 .23831 .27580 .28002 .23813 .21217
-.12841 -.14085 -.76714 -.72952 -.62885 -.57744 -.58638 -.57435 -.82456 -.80929 -.41363 -.42488 -.75208 -.70068
.65271 .66516 -.05925 -.09687 .12538 .07397 .25304 .24102 .15442 .13915 .68099 .69224 .19305 .14166
.000
-2.317 98 -2.593 95.535
.000
-1.325 98 -1.534 97.988
.865
-.788 -.814
98 79.759
.324
-1.358 98 -1.406 80.325
.530
.485 .477
98 69.448
.001
-1.174 98 -1.317 95.874
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I have the knowledge and skills required to start a new business initiative. I would like to have a business enterprise after my name.
Equal variances 4.901 assumed Equal variances not assumed
.029
-.021 -.023
98 88.892 98 86.211 98 91.198 98 66.900
.983 -.00347 .982 -.00347 .515 -.14236 .489 -.14236 .734 .08681 .711 .08681 .090 .39931 .101 .39931
.16424 .15256 .21794 .20504 .25479 .23390 .23347 .24002
-.32941 -.30662 -.57485 -.54996 -.41881 -.37779 -.06401 -.07979
.32246 .29968 .29013 .26524 .59242 .55140 .86262 .87840
Equal variances 1.534 assumed Equal variances not assumed I wish to stay in Equal variances 4.784 my native place. assumed Equal variances not assumed I wish to avoid job Equal variances .439 uncertainties and assumed changes. Equal variances not assumed
.219
-.653 -.694
.031
.341 .371
.509
1.710 1.664
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Conclusion:
This study has proved that 80% of the second year students have the same level of perception towards entrepreneurship in Lovely Professional University, though the major part of respondents are male. The analysis of the study carried out brings some interesting and encouraging outcomes about entrepreneurial intentions of students. It was found that majority of the students were interested in pursuing entrepreneurial careers. The educational background of the students also has an influence on their intention to venture into entrepreneurship. The family background of students also has a great impact on their attitude towards entrepreneurship as business background students have greater inclination towards entrepreneurship. The other thing this study discloses that the male students are more likely to start their business than female students. Psychological characteristics like attitude, autonomy, independence, self-efficacy and ownership have greater influence on their intention to start business those social and demographic factors.
References: 1. Inclination towards entrepreneurship among university students: an empirical study of Mlaysian University students. 2. Reports from The Economic Times of India. 3.http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._4;_March_2011/24.pdf 4.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19897823 5.http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/...a-graduatesunemployable-cat-iim/1/225471.html
6. Web portal MBAuniverse.com an Merit-Track survey. 7. Evaluation of Attitude Towards Businiess ( Case Study: Students of Najaf-Abad Branch Islamic Azad University, Iran.) 8. IJEMR - April 2012-Vol 2 Issue 4 - Online - ISSN 2249–2585 - Print - ISSN 2249-8672 9. www.exclusivemba.com/ijemr 10. John B. Hope, Brian Oh,”Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship among Veter. 11. Ethem, Duv (2008), Institutional profiles and Entrepreneurship Orientation: A case of Tarkish Graduate (2008) Students, MPRA Paper No. 7247, Izmir, Turkey. 12. STUDENTS INTENTION TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES DR. MOHSIN SHAIKH*
13. AWAKENING THE ENTREPRENEUR: AN EXAMINATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AMONG MBA STUDENTS
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