Management Study on Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management

Description
The sound management of chemicals is essential if we are to achieve sustainable development, including the eradication of poverty and disease, the improvement of human health and the environment and the elevation and maintenance of the standard of living in countries at all levels of development.

U
N
I
T
E
D

N
A
T
I
O
N
S

E
N
V
I
R
O
N
M
E
N
T

P
R
O
G
R
A
M
M
E
U
N
I
T
E
D

N
A
T
I
O
N
S

E
N
V
I
R
O
N
M
E
N
T

P
R
O
G
R
A
M
M
E
The Strategic Approach to
International Chemicals
Management (SAICM)
is a policy framework
for international action
on chemical hazards. It
supports achievement of a
central goal agreed at the
2002 Johannesburg World
Summit on Sustainable
Development: to ensure
that by 2020 chemicals
are produced and used
in ways that minimize
signi?cant adverse impacts
on the environment and
human health. The ?rst
session of the International
Conference on Chemicals
Management (ICCM) in
February 2006 adopted
the Dubai Declaration on
International Chemicals
Management and the
Overarching Policy
Strategy. The Conference
also recommended the use
and further development
of the Global Plan of
Action as a working tool
and guidance document.
The present publication
sets out these three texts
together with the four
resolutions adopted by the
ICCM at its ?rst session.
ISBN: 978-92-807-2751-7
DTI/0867/GE
For more information, contact:
SAICM Secretariat
UNEP DTIE
Chemicals Branch
11-13 chemin des Anémones
CH-1219 Châtelaine, Geneva
Switzerland
Tel.: +41 (0) 22 917 12 34
Fax: +41 (0) 22 797 34 60
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.saicm.org
STRATEGIC APPROACH
TO INTERNATIONAL
CHEMICALS MANAGEMENT
SAICM texts and resolutions of the International
Conference on Chemicals Management
UNEP promotes
environmentally sound practices
globally and in its own activities. This
publication is printed on 100% recycled
chlorine-free paper using vegetable-based inks
and other eco- friendly practices. Our distribution
policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint.
About the UNEP Division of Technology,
Industry and Economics
The UNEP Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE)
helps governments, local authorities and decision-makers in
business and industry to develop and implement policies and
practices focusing on sustainable development.
The Division works to promote:
> sustainable consumption and production,
> the ef?cient use of renewable energy,
> adequate management of chemicals,
> the integration of environmental costs in development policies.
The Of?ce of the Director, located in Paris, coordinates activities
through:
> The International Environmental Technology Centre - IETC (Osaka, Shiga),
which implements integrated waste, water and disaster management programmes,
focusing in particular on Asia.
> Production and Consumption (Paris), which promotes sustainable consumption
and production patterns as a contribution to human development through global
markets.
> Chemicals (Geneva), which catalyzes global actions to bring about the sound
management of chemicals and the improvement of chemical safety worldwide.
> Energy (Paris), which fosters energy and transport policies for sustainable
development and encourages investment in renewable energy and energy ef?ciency.
> OzonAction (Paris), which supports the phase-out of ozone depleting substances
in developing countries and countries with economies in transition to ensure
implementation of the Montreal Protocol.
> Economics and Trade (Geneva), which helps countries to integrate environmental
considerations into economic and trade policies, and works with the ?nance sector to
incorporate sustainable development policies.
UNEP DTIE activities focus on raising awareness,
improving the transfer of knowledge and information,
fostering technological cooperation and partnerships,
and implementing international conventions and
agreements.
For more information,
see www.unep.fr
This publication has been produced with the support of the
Government of?ces of Sweden and the German Federal Ministry
for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme, 2006
This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for
educational or non-pro?t purposes without special permission from the copyright
holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate
receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source.
No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial
purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations
Environment Programme.
Disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication
do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United
Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers
or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the
decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor
does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement.
ISBN: 978-92-807-2751-7
Printed in Geneva
GE. 06-01908, March 2007
Strategic Approach to International
Chemicals Management
Comprising the Dubai Declaration
on International Chemicals Management,
the Overarching Policy Strategy
and the Global Plan of Action
Resolutions of the International Conference
on Chemicals Management
2
At its first session, held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 4 to 6 February
2006, the International Conference on Chemicals Management adopted the
Dubai Declaration on International Chemicals Management and the Overarching
Policy Strategy. The Conference also recommended the use and further
development of the Global Plan of Action as a working tool and guidance
document. Together these three documents constitute the Strategic Approach to
International Chemicals Management.
The first session of the Conference and the process to develop the Strategic
Approach to International Chemicals Management were co-convened by the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Inter-Organization
Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) and the
Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS). The participating
organizations of IOMC are the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), UNEP, the United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the United Nations Institute for
Training and Research (UNITAR) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
The Global Environment Facility, the United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) and the World Bank joined the IOMC participating organizations and
IFCS in a steering committee established to oversee the Strategic Approach
development process.
In its resolution I/1, the International Conference on Chemicals Management
commended the Strategic Approach to the attention of the governing bodies of
relevant organizations and encouraged them to endorse or otherwise
appropriately acknowledge the Strategic Approach with a view to incorporating
its objectives into their programmes of work within their mandates. In addition,
the Conference requested UNEP to establis
responsibility for the Strategic Approach secretariat. Both UNEP and WHO have
lead roles in the secretariat in their respective areas of expertise.
h and assume overall administrative
3
Foreword
The Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management is a landmark
initiative in international cooperation to protect human health and the
environment. Its development was endorsed by Heads of State and Government
at their summits in Johannesburg in 2002 and in New York in 2005. Adoption of
the Strategic Approach by the International Conference on Chemicals
Management in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, on 6 February 2006 followed a
consultative process involving representatives of Governments,
intergovernmental organizations and civil society from all relevant sectors,
including agriculture, environment, health, industry and labour.
The Strategic Approach provides a policy framework to guide efforts to achieve
the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation goal that, by 2020, chemicals will be
produced and used in ways that minimize significant adverse impacts on the
environment and human health. It acknowledges the essential contribution made
by chemicals to modern societies and economies while at the same time
recognizing the potential threat to sustainable development if chemicals are not
managed soundly.
In presenting the texts of the Strategic Approach and the resolutions of the
International Conference on Chemicals Management, we should like to express
our thanks and congratulations to all those who contributed to their development.
The Strategic Approach represents a global commitment to protect our
environment and future generations from chemical hazards. It now remains for
all stakeholders to ensure that the aspirations of the Strategic Approach are
fulfilled in its implementation. We wish them every success in this important
endeavour.
H. E. Mariano Arana,
President of the International
Conference on Chemicals
Management,
Minister of Housing, Territorial
Planning and Environment
of Uruguay
H. E. Viveka Bohn,
President of the Preparatory Committee
for the Development of a Strategic
Approach to International Chemicals
Management,
Environment Ambassador for Sweden
4
Contents
Dubai Declaration on International Chemicals Management .............6
Overarching Policy Strategy ................................................................10
I. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 10
II. Scope .............................................................................................................. 11
III. Statement of needs .......................................................................................... 11
IV. Objectives ......................................................................................................... 14
B. Knowledge and information .................................................................. 16
D. Capacity-building and technical cooperation ........................................ 19
E. Illegal international traffic ...................................................................... 20
VII. Implementation and taking stock of progress
Appendix to the Overarching Policy Strategy
Executive summary
A. Measures to support risk reduction
B. Strengthening knowledge and information
C. Governance: strengthening of institutions, law and policy
Table A. Possible work areas and their associated activities
Table B. List of possible work areas and their associated activities,
actors, targets/timeframes, indicators of progress and
List of acronyms and abbreviations used in table B
.............................. 37
implementation aspects ........................................................................ 38
........................... 106
A. Risk reduction....................................................................................... 15
C. Governance .......................................................................................... 18
V. Financial considerations ................................................................................... 21
VI. Principles and approaches ............................................................................... 23
................................................... 24
............................................................ 29
Global Plan of Action ............................................................................31
................................................................................................... 31
Introduction....................................................................................................... 31
...................................................... 34
........................................... 35
.................... 35
D. Enhancing capacity-building ................................................................. 36
36
F. Improved general practices .................................................................. 36
E. Addressing illegal international traffic .....................................................
5
Resolutions adopted by the International Conference on Chemicals
Table 1: Staffing table
Table 2: Strategic Approach secretariat budget
I/2. Tribute to the Government of the United Arab Emirates
I/3. Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety
I/4. Quick Start Programme
Appendix I Strategic Approach to International Chemicals
Management: strategic priorities and institutional
arrangements for the Quick Start Programme
Appendix II Terms of reference for the Quick Start Programme
Trust Fund of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals
Management at its first session .........................................................107
I/1. Implementation arrangements ....................................................................... 107
.................................................................................... 111
............................................. 112
................................ 115
............................................... 115
................................................................................. 116
.......................... 117
Management ............................................................................ 119
6
6
Dubai Declaration on
International Chemicals Management
We, the ministers, heads of delegation and representatives of civil society and
the private sector, assembled at the International Conference on Chemicals
Management in Dubai from 4 to 6 February 2006, declare the following:
1. The sound management of chemicals is essential if we are to achieve
sustainable development, including the eradication of poverty and disease,
the improvement of human health and the environment and the elevation
and maintenance of the standard of living in countries at all levels of
development;
2. Significant, but insufficient, progress has been made in international
chemicals management through the implementation of chapter 19 of
Agenda 21
Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work and No. 174 on the Prevention of
Major Industrial Accidents and the Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, as
well as in addressing particularly hazardous chemicals through the recent
entry into force of the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent
Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International
Trade and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and
the adoption of the Globally Harmonized System for the Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals;
3. The private sector has made considerable efforts to promote chemical
safety through voluntary programmes and initiatives such as product
4. Non-governmental public health and environmental organizations,
trade unions and other civil society organizations have made important
contributions to the promotion of chemical safety;
5. Progress in chemicals management has not, however, been sufficient
globally and the environment worldwide continues to suffer from air, water
and land contamination, impairing the health and welfare of millions;
6. The need to take concerted action is accentuated by a wide range of
chemical safety concerns at the international level, including a lack of
capacity for managing chemicals in developing countries and countries with
economies in transition, dependency on pesticides in agriculture, exposure

1
Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro,
314 June 1992 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigenda), vol. I: Resolutions
adopted by the Conference, resolution 1, annex II.
stewardship and the chemicals industry's Responsible Care programme;
1
and International Labour Organization Conventions No. 170 on
6
7
D
U
B
A
I

D
E
C
L
A
R
A
T
I
O
N
7
of workers to harmful chemicals and concern about the long-term effects of
chemicals on both human health and the environment;
7. The global production, trade and use of chemicals are increasing,
with growth patterns placing an increasing chemicals management burden
on developing countries and countries with economies in transition, in
particular the least developed among them and small island developing
States, and presenting them with special difficulties in meeting this
challenge. As a result, fundamental changes are needed in the way that
societies manage chemicals;
8. We are determined to implement the applicable chemicals
management agreements to which we are Party, strengthen the coherence
and synergies that exist between them and work to address, as
appropriate, existing gaps in the framework of international chemicals
policy;
9. We commit ourselves in a spirit of solidarity and partnership to
achieving chemical safety and thereby assisting in fighting poverty,
protecting vulnerable groups and advancing public health and human
security;
10. We commit ourselves to respecting human rights and fundamental
freedoms, understanding and respecting ecosystem integrity and
addressing the gap between the current reality and our ambition to elevate
global efforts to achieve the sound management of chemicals;
11. We are unwavering in our commitment to promoting the sound
management of chemicals and hazardous wastes throughout their life-
cycle, in accordance with Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of
Implementation,
2
in particular paragraph 23. We are convinced that the
Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management constitutes a
significant contribution towards the internationally agreed development
goals set out in the Millennium Declaration. It builds upon previous
international initiatives on chemical safety and promotes the development
of a multi- and cross-sectoral and participatory strategic approach;
12. We therefore adopt the Overarching Policy Strategy, which, together
with the present declaration, constitutes our firm commitment to the
Strategic Approach and its implementation;
13. We recommend the use and further development of the Global Plan
of Action, to address current and ever-changing societal needs, as a
working tool and guidance document for meeting the commitments to

2
Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa,
26 August4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A1 and corrigendum),
chap. I, resolution 2, annex.
7
8
8
chemicals management expressed in the Rio Declaration on Environment
and Development,
3 4
the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, the 2005 World Summit
Outcome
5
and this Strategic Approach;
14. We are determined to realize the benefits of chemistry, including
green chemistry, for improved standards of living, public health and
protection of the environment, and are resolved to continue working
together to promote the safe production and use of chemicals;
15. We are committed to strengthening the capacities of all concerned to
achieve the sound management of chemicals and hazardous wastes at all
levels;
16. We will continue to mobilize national and international financing from
public and private sources for the life-cycle management of chemicals;
17. We will work towards closing the gaps and addressing the
discrepancies in the capacity to achieve sustainable chemicals
management between developed countries on the one hand and
developing countries and countries with economies in transition on the
other by addressing the special needs of the latter and strengthening their
capacities for the sound management of chemicals and the development of
safer alternative products and processes, including non-chemical
alternatives, through partnerships, technical support and financial
assistance;
18. We will work towards effective and efficient governance of chemicals
management by means of transparency, public participation and
accountability involving all sectors of society, in particular striving for the
equal participation of women in chemicals management;
19. We will engage actively in partnerships between Governments, the
private sector and civil society, including strengthening participation in the
implementation of the Strategic Approach by small and medium-sized
enterprises and the informal sector;
20. We stress the responsibility of industry to make available to
stakeholders such data and information on health and environmental
effects of chemicals as are needed safely to use chemicals and the
products made from them;

3
Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro,
E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.
4
Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety, third session, Forum III final report
(IFCS/Forum III/23w), annex 6.
5
General Assembly resolution 60/1 of 16 September 2005.
Agenda 21, the Bahia Declaration on Chemical Safety,
314 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No.
8
9
D
U
B
A
I

D
E
C
L
A
R
A
T
I
O
N
9
21. We will facilitate public access to appropriate information and
knowledge on chemicals throughout their life cycle, including the risks that
they pose to human health and the environment;
22. We will ensure that, when information is made available, confidential
commercial and industrial information and knowledge are protected in
accordance with national laws or regulations or, in the absence of such
laws and regulations, are protected in accordance with international
provisions. In making information av
relating to the health and safety of humans and the environment should not
be regarded as confidential;
23. We recognize the need to make special efforts to protect those
groups in society that are particularly vulnerable to risks from hazardous
chemicals or are highly exposed to them;
24. We are determined to protect children and the unborn child from
chemical exposures that impair their future lives;
25. We will endeavour to prevent illegal traffic in toxic, hazardous, banned
and severely restricted chemicals and chemical products and wastes;
26. We will promote the sound management of chemicals and hazardous
waste as a priority in national, regional and international policy frameworks,
including strategies for sustainable development, development assistance
and poverty reduction;
27. We will strive to integrate the Strategic Approach into the work
programmes of all relevant United Nations organizations, specialized
agencies, funds and programmes consistent with their mandates as
accorded by their respective governing bodies;
28. We acknowledge that as a new voluntary initiative in the field of
international management of chemicals, the Strategic Approach is not a
legally binding instrument;
29. We collectively share the view that implementation and taking stock of
progress are critical to ensuring success and that, in this regard, a stable
and long-term fully participatory and multi-sectoral structure for guidance,
review and operational support is essential;
30. We are determined to cooperate fully in an open, inclusive,
participatory and transparent manner in the implementation of the Strategic
Approach.
ailable, information on chemicals
9
10
10
Overarching Policy Strategy
I. Introduction
1. The present Overarching Policy Strategy flows from the commitments
expressed in the Dubai Declaration on International Chemicals
Management developed in the context of the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21
and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. The structure of the
strategy is as follows:
I. Introduction
II. Scope
III. Statement of needs
IV. Objectives
A. Risk reduction
B. Knowledge and information
C. Governance
D. Capacity-building and technical cooperation
E. Illegal international traffic
V. Financial considerations
VI. Principles and approaches
VII. Implementation and taking stock of progress
2. The involvement of all relevant sectors and stakeholders, including at
the local, national, regional and global levels, is seen as key to achieving
the objectives of the Strategic Approach, as is a transparent and open
implementation process and public participation in decision-making,
featuring in particular a strengthened role for women. The main
stakeholders in the Strategic Approach are understood to be Governments,
regional economic integration organizations, intergovernmental
organizations, non-governmental organizations and individuals involved in
the management of chemicals throughout their life-cycles from all relevant
sectors, including, but not limited to, agriculture, environment, health,
industry, relevant economic activity, development cooperation, labour and
science. Individual stakeholders include consumers, disposers, employers,
farmers, producers, regulators, researchers, suppliers, transporters and
workers.
10
11
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
11
II. Scope
3. The Strategic Approach has a scope that includes:
a. Environmental, economic, social, health and labour aspects of
chemical safety,
b. Agricultural and industrial chemicals, with a view to promoting
sustainable development and covering chemicals at all stages of
their life-cycle, including in products.
4. The Strategic Approach should take due account of instruments and
processes that have been developed to date and be flexible enough to deal
with new ones without duplicating efforts, in particular the efforts of forums
dealing with the military uses of chemicals.
III. Statement of needs
5. A major driving force for the establishment of the Strategic Approach
has been the recognition of the growing gaps between the capacities of
different countries to manage chemicals safely, the need to improve
synergies between existing instruments and processes and the growing
sense of urgency regarding the need to assess and manage chemicals
more effectively to achieve the 2020 goal articulated in paragraph 23 of the
Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.
countries to have more effective governance structures to help make the
Strategic Approach a lasting success.
6. Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, at which the Rio Declaration and
Agenda 21 were adopted, much has been done to improve chemicals
management. Regulatory systems have been introduced or strengthened;
much more information has been made available about chemicals; many
chemicals have been assessed at the national level and internationally; a
wide range of risk management measures have been introduced; and new
tools such as the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals and pollutant release and transfer registers have
been taken up and developed. New international instruments and
programmes have been created. Industry has developed and extended its
own programmes to contribute to better chemicals management, and there
are now in many countries active and well informed public interest

The Strategic Approach does not cover products to the extent that the health and environmental
aspects of the safety of the chemicals and products are regulated by a domestic food or pharmaceutical
authority or arrangement.
A copy of paragraph 23 is set out in the appendix.
1
2
1
2
There is also the need for
11
12
12
movements promoting awareness and good practices with regard to
chemicals. It is, however, recognized that:
a. The existing international policy framework for chemicals is not
completely adequate and needs to be further strengthened;
b. Implementation of established international policies is uneven;
c. Coherence and synergies between existing institutions and
processes are not completely developed and should be further
improved;
d. There is often limited or no information on many chemicals
currently in use and often limited or no access to information
that already exists;
e. Many countries lack the capacity to manage chemicals soundly
at the national, subregional, regional and global levels;
f. There are inadequate resources available to address chemical
safety issues in many countries, particularly to bridge the
widening gap between developed countries on the one hand
and developing countries and countries with economies in
transition on the other.
7. Risk reduction (including preventing, reducing, remediating,
minimizing and eliminating risks) is a key need in pursuing the sound
management of chemicals throughout their entire life cycle including, where
appropriate, products and articles containing chemicals. It is recognized
that:
a. Risk assessment and management strategies, supported by
improved scientific understanding of the role and behaviour of
substances, addressing product life-cycles, are central to
achieving risk reduction;
b. Risk reduction measures, appropriately informed by scientific
methods and consideration of social and economic factors, are
needed to reduce or eliminate the harmful effects of chemicals
and their inappropriate uses;
c. Risk reduction measures need to be improved to prevent the
adverse effects of chemicals on the health of children, pregnant
women, fertile populations, the elderly, the poor, workers and
other vulnerable groups and susceptible environments;
12
13
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
13
d. The development of safer alternatives, including alternatives to
chemicals of concern, and affordable sustainable technologies
should be accelerated;
e. Developing countries and countries with economies in transition
need better access to affordable, safer technologies and
alternatives, which will also assist in reducing illegal traffic in
hazardous chemicals.
8. Knowledge, information and public awareness are basic needs for
decision-making for the sound management of chemicals, including
products and articles containing chemicals. It is recognized that:
a. Technological information, the results of hazard and risk
assessments, socio-economic methodologies and the tools to
develop and apply science-based standards, harmonized risk
assessment and management principles are not available to all
actors, and the pace of scientific research in these areas needs
to be accelerated;
b. There is a lack of clear, accessible, timely and appropriate
information on chemicals for ready use by local populations.
9. Governance is an important issue that needs to be addressed through
a multi-sector and multi-stakeholder approach in pursuing the sound
management of chemicals. There is therefore a need to recognize:
a. That in many countries some stakeholders, particularly women
and indigenous communities, still do not participate in all
aspects of decision-making related to the sound management of
chemicals, a situation which needs to be addressed;
b. That implementation of the present international regime for the
sound management of chemicals, including binding instruments
and other relevant initiatives, is uneven, a situation which needs
to be addressed. There are gaps, overlaps and duplication in
chemicals management activities and there is a need in many
countries for enhanced coherence, consistency and cooperation
to ensure efficient and effective use of available resources at the
national, regional, and international levels. Many countries have
not ratified or implemented regional and global legally binding
instruments and other relevant initiatives, addressed gaps in
national chemicals regimes or developed national mechanisms
for coordinating chemicals activities;
c. That the mechanisms used to address the social and economic
impacts of chemicals on human health, society and the
13
14
14
environment, including liability, compensation and redress, need
to be improved in some countries;
d. That chemicals issues are only sometimes featured in relevant
national policy documents, including development assistance
plans or strategies, sustainable development strategies and, as
appropriate, poverty reduction strategies;
e. That there is a need to promote the role of all sectors of civil
society and the private sector in the implementation of the
Strategic Approach.
10. Capacity-building and technical assistance in relation to all aspects of
the sound management of chemicals are among the essential elements for
the successful implementation of the Strategic Approach:
a. The widening gap in capacity between developed countries on
the one hand and developing countries and countries with
economies in transition on the other should be bridged in order
to make progress towards the goal articulated in paragraph 23
of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. Some developed
countries, however, also face capacity issues in striving to meet
this goal;
b. There is a need for enhanced cooperation aimed at
strengthening the capacities of developing countries and
countries with economies in transition for the sound
management of chemicals and hazardous wastes and
promoting adequate transfer of cleaner and safer technology to
those countries.
11. Illegal international traffic in hazardous substances and dangerous
products is a pressing problem for many countries, especially for
developing countries and countries with economies in transition.
12. One of the challenges that will be faced by many countries, in
particular developing countries and countries with economies in transition,
in pursuing the goal articulated in paragraph 23 of the Johannesburg Plan
of Implementation is to obtain access to the considerable financial and
other resources needed to achieve the sound management of chemicals.
IV. Objectives
13. The overall objective of the Strategic Approach is to achieve the
sound management of chemicals throughout their life-cycle so that, by
2020, chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the
minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the
14
15
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
15
environment. The objective will be achieved, among other ways, through
the implementation of activities set out in the Global Plan of Action.
A. Risk reduction
14. The objectives of the Strategic Approach with regard to risk reduction
are:
a. To minimize risks to human health, including that of workers,
and to the environment throughout the life cycle of chemicals;
b. To ensure that humans and ecosystems and their constituent
parts that are especially vulnerable or especially subject to
exposure to chemicals that may pose a risk are taken into
account and protected in making decisions on chemicals;
c. To implement transparent, comprehensive, efficient and
effective risk management strategies based on appropriate
scientific understanding, including of health and environmental
effects, and appropriate social and economic analysis aimed at
pollution prevention, risk reduction and risk elimination, including
detailed safety information on chemicals, to prevent unsafe and
unnecessary exposures to chemicals;
d. To ensure, by 2020:
i. That chemicals or chemical uses that pose an
unreasonable and otherwise unmanageable risk to human
health and the environment
risk assessment and taking into account the costs and
benefits as well as the availability of safer substitutes and
their efficacy, are no longer produced or used for such
uses;
ii. That risks from unintended releases of chemicals that pose
an unreasonable and otherwise unmanageable risk to
human health and the environment based on a science-
based risk assessment and taking into account the costs
and benefits, are minimized;

Groups of chemicals that might be prioritized for assessment and related studies include: persistent,
bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTs); very persistent and very bioaccumulative substances;
chemicals that are carcinogens or mutagens or that adversely affect, inter alia, the reproductive,
endocrine, immune, or nervous systems; persistent organic pollutants (POPs), mercury and other
chemicals of global concern; chemicals produced or used in high volumes; those subject to wide
dispersive uses; and other chemicals of concern at the national level.
3
3
3
based on a science-based
15
16
16
e. Appropriately to apply the precautionary approach, as set out in
Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development, while aiming to achieve that chemicals are used
and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of significant
adverse effects on human health and the environment;
f. To give priority consideration to the application of preventive
measures such as pollution prevention;
g. To ensure that existing, new and emerging issues of global
concern are sufficiently addressed by means of appropriate
mechanisms;
h. To reduce the generation of hazardous waste, both in quantity
and toxicity, and to ensure the environmentally sound
management of hazardous waste, including its storage,
treatment and disposal;
i. To promote the environmentally sound recovery and recycling of
hazardous materials and waste;
j. To promote and support the development and implementation
of, and further innovation in, environmentally sound and safer
alternatives, including cleaner production, informed substitution
of chemicals of particular concern and non-chemical
alternatives.
B. Knowledge and information
15. The objectives of the Strategic Approach with regard to knowledge
and information are:
a. To ensure that knowledge and information on chemicals and
chemicals management are sufficient to enable chemicals to be
adequately assessed and managed safely throughout their life
cycle;
b. To ensure, for all stakeholders:
i. That information on chemicals throughout their life cycle,
including, where appropriate, chemicals in products, is
available, accessible, user friendly, adequate and
appropriate to the needs of all stakeholders. Appropriate
types of information include their effects on human health
and the environment, their intrinsic properties, their
potential uses, their protective measures and regulation;
16
17
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
17
ii. That such information is disseminated in appropriate
languages by making full use of, among other things, the
media, hazard communication mechanisms such as the
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals and relevant provisions of
international agreements;
c. To ensure that, in making information available in accordance
with paragraph 15 (b), confidential commercial and industrial
information and knowledge are protected in accordance with
national laws or regulations or, in the absence of such laws or
and regulations, are protected in accordance with international
provisions. In the context of this paragraph, information on
chemicals relating to the health and safety of humans and the
environment should not be regarded as confidential;
d. To make objective scientific information available for appropriate
integration into risk assessments and associated
decision-making relating to chemicals policy, including in
relation to assessment of chemical hazards and risks to human
health, especially vulnerable sub-populations such as children,
and to the environment, particularly vulnerable ecosystems;
e. To ensure that science-based standards, risk assessment and
management procedures and the results of hazard and risk
assessments are available to all actors;
f. To make objective scientific methods and information available
to assess the effects of chemicals on people and the
environment, particularly through the development and use of
indicators;
g. To accelerate the pace of scientific research on identifying and
assessing the effects of chemicals on human beings and the
environment, including emerging issues, and to ensure that
research and development are undertaken in relation to
chemical control technologies, development of safer chemicals
and cleaner technologies and non-chemical alternatives and
technologies;
h. To promote implementation of the common definitions and
criteria contained in the Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals;
i. To make widely available, for consideration and implementation,
the range of existing risk reduction and other tools from various
participating organizations of the Inter-Organization Programme
17
18
18
for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Mutual Acceptance of Data system of the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) database
on chemical safety information from intergovernmental
organizations (INCHEM), in order to promote best practices in
chemicals management, harmonization and burden-sharing;
j. To develop knowledge and information on the estimated current
and projected financial and other impacts on sustainable
development associated with the unsound management of
chemicals of concern on a global basis.
C. Governance
16. The objectives of the Strategic Approach with regard to governance
are:
a. To achieve the sound management of chemicals throughout
their life cycle by means of appropriate national, regional and
international mechanisms, as needed, that are multi-sectoral,
comprehensive, effective, efficient, transparent, coherent and
inclusive and ensure accountability, taking into account the
circumstances and needs of countries, especially developing
countries and countries with economies in transition;
b. To promote the sound management of chemicals within each
relevant sector and integrated programmes for sound chemicals
management across all sectors;
c. To provide guidance to stakeholders in identifying priorities for
chemicals management activities;
d. To strengthen enforcement and encourage the implementation
of national laws and regulations regarding chemicals
management, including those that serve to implement
international agreements;
e. To promote relevant codes of conduct, including those relating
to corporate environmental and social responsibility;
f. To promote close international cooperation among concerned
institutions, including among customs services, in different
countries for the exchange of relevant information aimed at

The participating organizations of IOMC are the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, the International Labour Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development, the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations Industrial Development
Organization, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research and the World Health Organization.
4
4
such as the
18
19
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
19
preventing all illegal international traffic in dangerous chemical
products;
g. To promote and support meaningful and active participation by
all sectors of civil society, particularly women, workers and
indigenous communities, in regulatory and other
decision-making processes that relate to chemical safety;
h. To ensure equal participation of women in decision-making on
chemicals policy and management;
i. To ensure that national institutional frameworks address the
prevention of illegal international traffic in chemicals;
j. To support coordinated assistance activities at the international
level in accordance with the implementation of the Strategic
Approach;
k. To promote mutual supportiveness between trade and
environmental policies;
l. To provide and support enabling frameworks for businesses to
develop and improve products that advance the objectives of
the Strategic Approach;
m. To enhance synergies between the activities of Governments,
international institutions, multilateral organization secretariats
and development agencies in pursuit of the sound management
of chemicals;
n. To enhance cooperation on the sound management of
chemicals between Governments, the private sector and civil
society at the national, regional and global levels.
D. Capacity-building and technical cooperation
17. The objectives of the Strategic Approach with regard to capacity-
building and technical cooperation are:
a. To increase the capacity for the sound management of
chemicals throughout their life cycle in all countries as needed,
especially in developing countries and countries with economies
in transition;
b. To narrow the widening gap in capacities between developed
countries on the one hand and developing countries and
countries with economies in transition on the other hand;
19
20
20
c. To establish or strengthen partnerships and mechanisms for
technical cooperation and the provision of appropriate and clean
technology to and among developing countries and countries
with economies in transition, maximizing synergies with the Bali
Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity-building;
d. To develop and implement sustainable capacity-building
strategies in developing countries and countries with economies
in transition and to promote cooperation among all countries;
e. To promote coordination of and access to information on
capacity-building for the sound management of chemicals and
to enhance transparency and accountability;
f. To include capacity-building for the sound management of
chemicals as a priority in social and economic development
strategies, including national sustainable development
strategies, poverty reduction strategy papers and country
assistance strategies, and to make chemicals an important part
of national policy;
g. To encourage stakeholders to develop and promote
programmes on chemical safety and scientific research and
analysis and to assist with capacity-building programmes in
developing countries and countries with economies in transition;
h. To encourage and facilitate appropriate use by developing
countries and countries with economies in transition of work
already done and chemicals management models already
established by other countries and international organizations;
i. To promote the awareness of donors, multilateral organizations
and other relevant actors of the relevance of chemical safety for
poverty reduction and sustainable development.
E. Illegal international traffic
18. The objectives of the Strategic Approach with regard to illegal
international traffic are:
a. To prevent illegal international traffic in toxic, hazardous,
banned and severely restricted chemicals, including products
incorporating these chemicals, mixtures and compounds and
wastes;
b. To strengthen mechanisms and domestic and regional
implementation supporting existing multilateral agreements that
20
21
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
21
contain provisions relating to the prevention of illegal
international traffic;
c. To promote information sharing and to strengthen the capacity
of developing countries and countries with economies in
transition at the national and regional levels for the prevention
and control of illegal international traffic.
V. Financial considerations
19. The Strategic Approach should reflect national, regional and global
efforts to advance the sound management of chemicals recognizing
Principle 7 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. The
Strategic Approach should call upon existing and new sources of financial
support to provide additional resources and should build upon, among
other things, the Bali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity-
building. It should also include the mobilization of additional national and
international financial resources, including through the Quick Start
Programme and other measures set out in this paragraph, to accelerate the
strengthening of capabilities and capacities for the implementation of the
Strategic Approach objectives. The extent to which developing countries,
particularly least developed countries and small island developing States,
and countries with economies in transition can make progress towards
reaching the 2020 goal depends, in part, on the availability of financial
resources provided by the private sector and bilateral, multilateral and
global agencies or donors. Financial arrangements for the Strategic
Approach include, among other things:
a. Actions at the national or sub-national levels to support
financing of Strategic Approach objectives, including by:
i. Integrating Strategic Approach objectives in relevant
programmes, plans and/or strategies at various levels;
ii. Assessing current laws, policies and regulations to identify
changes that may be needed to advance implementation
of the Strategic Approach objectives, including an
assessment of funding needs where appropriate;
iii. Assessing and where necessary adopting appropriate
policies at the national and sub-national levels, which
could include economic instruments, that can help to cover
the cost of sound chemicals management;
iv. Where appropriate, assessing and adopting at the national
and sub-national levels economic instruments intended to
internalize the external costs of chemicals, bearing in mind
21
22
22
that such instruments need careful design, especially in
developing countries and countries with economies in
transition;
v. Governments and other stakeholders exchanging
information on experience and studies in the national use
of economic instruments and submitting such information
to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to
make it broadly available;
b. Enhancing industry partnerships and financial and technical
participation in the implementation of Strategic Approach
objectives, including by inviting industry:
i. To review and strengthen current voluntary industry
initiatives to address the considerable challenges
associated with the implementation of Strategic Approach
objectives;
ii. To develop new initiatives, including in partnership with
foundations, academia and non-governmental
organizations, for the implementation of Strategic
Approach objectives;
iii. To provide resources, including in-kind contributions, for
the implementation of Strategic Approach objectives,
continuing and building upon its initiatives on good
corporate social and environmental responsibility;
c. Integration of the Strategic Approach objectives into multilateral
and bilateral development assistance cooperation, including by:
i. Developing countries and countries with economies in
transition, where necessary with the technical support of
donors, considering the integration of Strategic Approach
objectives into relevant national documents that influence
development assistance cooperation;
ii. Donors responding to requests by, and working in
partnership with, developing countries and countries with
economies in transition by recognizing Strategic Approach
objectives as an important element of bilateral aid agency
cooperation in support of sustainable development;
iii. Inviting United Nations specialized agencies, funds and
programmes and other intergovernmental organizations to
include Strategic Approach objectives within their activities,
as appropriate;
22
23
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
23
d. Making more effective use of and building upon existing sources
of relevant global funding, including by inviting the Global
Environment Facility and the Montreal Protocol on Substances
that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its Multilateral Fund for the
Implementation of the Montreal Protocol within their mandates
to consider whether and how they might support implementation
of appropriate and relevant Strategic Approach objectives and to
report;
e. Supporting initial capacity-building activities for the
implementation of Strategic Approach objectives by establishing
a programme to be called the Quick Start Programme. The
Programme will contain a voluntary, time-limited trust fund and
may include multilateral, bilateral and other forms of
cooperation. The trust fund will be administered by UNEP;
f. Inviting Governments and other stakeholders to provide
resources to enable the secretariat of the Strategic Approach to
fulfil the tasks set out in paragraph 28, including by:
i. Inviting UNEP to arrange for the adaptation and
reinforcement of the existing voluntary trust fund to support
these tasks;
ii. Inviting all countries and regional economic integration
organizations to contribute;
iii. Inviting the private sector, including industry, foundations
and other non-governmental organizations, to also
contribute.
VI. Principles and approaches
20. In developing and implementing the Strategic Approach and the
Global Plan of Action, Governments and other stakeholders should be
guided by:
a. Principles and approaches in the following:
i. Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, in
particular Principle 22;
ii. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development;
iii. Agenda 21, in particular chapters 6, 8, 19 and 20;
iv. United Nations Millennium Declaration;
23
24
24
v. Bahia Declaration on Chemical Safety;
vi. Johannesburg Plan of Implementation; and
b. The following agreements, where applicable to them:
i. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer;
ii. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal;
iii. Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent
Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and
Pesticides in International Trade;
iv. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants;
v. ILO Convention No. 170 concerning safety in the use of
chemicals at work.
VII. Implementation and taking stock of progress
21. Institutional arrangements to support implementation and taking stock
of progress on the Strategic Approach will include national coordination
and, as appropriate, regional processes and, at the international level, a
periodic review process facilitated by a secretariat.
22. Implementation of the Strategic Approach could begin with an
enabling phase to build necessary capacity, as appropriate, to develop,
with relevant stakeholder participation, a national Strategic Approach
implementation plan, taking into consideration, as appropriate, existing
elements such as legislation, national profiles, action plans, stakeholder
initiatives and gaps, priorities, needs and circumstances. Strategic
Approach regional implementation plans may be developed, as
appropriate, in a similar fashion. Subsequent implementation phases
should focus on implementing specific action plans. In parallel,
intergovernmental organizations, international financial institutions and
private actors are encouraged to support these activities and to consider
the development of their own action plans as appropriate. Partnerships
among stakeholders should be pursued in support of implementation.
23. To sustain an integrated approach to managing chemicals, each
Government should establish arrangements for implementing the Strategic
Approach on an inter-ministerial or inter-institutional basis so that all
concerned national departmental and stakeholder interests are represented
and all relevant substantive areas are addressed. To facilitate
communication, nationally and internationally, each Government should
24
25
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
25
designate a Strategic Approach national focal point to act as an effective
conduit for communication on Strategic Approach matters, including
invitations to participate in meetings and information dissemination. The
Strategic Approach national focal point should be a representative of the
arrangements exist.
24. The International Conference on Chemicals Management (hereafter
referred to as the Conference) will undertake periodic reviews of the
Strategic Approach. The functions of the Conference will be:
a. To receive reports from all relevant stakeholders on progress in
implementation of the Strategic Approach and to disseminate
information as appropriate;
b. To evaluate the implementation of the Strategic Approach with a
view to reviewing progress against the 2020 target and taking
strategic decisions, programming, prioritizing and updating the
approach as necessary;
c. To provide guidance on implementation of the Strategic
Approach to stakeholders;
d. To report on progress in implementation of the Strategic
Approach to stakeholders;
e. To promote implementation of existing international instruments
and programmes;
f. To promote coherence among chemicals management
instruments at the international level;
g. To promote the strengthening of national chemicals
management capacities;
h. To work to ensure that the necessary financial and technical
resources are available for implementation;
i. To evaluate the performance of the financing of the Strategic
Approach;
j. To focus attention and call for appropriate action on emerging
policy issues as they arise and to forge consensus on priorities
for cooperative action;
k. To promote information exchange and scientific and technical
cooperation;
country's inter-ministerial or inter-institutional arrangements, where such
25
26
26
l. To provide a high-level international forum for multi-stakeholder
and multi-sectoral discussion and exchange of experience on
chemicals management issues with the participation of
non-governmental organizations in accordance with applicable
rules of procedure;
m. To promote the participation of all stakeholders in the
implementation of the Strategic Approach.
25. Where appropriate, sessions of the Conference should be held back-
to-back with meetings of the governing bodies of relevant
intergovernmental organizations in order to enhance synergies and
nature. Sessions of the Conference should be held in 2009, 2012, 2015
and 2020, unless otherwise decided by the Conference.
26. It will be essential that implementation of the Strategic Approach
continue effectively between meetings of the Conference, building on its
open, multi-stakeholder and multi-sectoral methods. There will be a
number of elements for achieving this:
a. Regional meetings have played a significant role in the
development of the Strategic Approach and it will be important
to build on this commitment and expertise, taking into account
the needs of developing countries, in particular the least
developed among them, countries with economies in transition
and developed countries. Regional meetings will facilitate input
on Strategic Approach activities, preparation for future meetings
of the Conference and exchange of regional expertise and
exchange of information. As with the Conference itself, such
meetings could be held back-to-back with relevant regional or
global intergovernmental organization meetings, subject to
extrabudgetary funding;
b. The functions of the regional meetings will include:
i. To review progress on implementation of the Strategic
Approach within the regions;
ii. To provide guidance on implementation to all stakeholders
at a regional level;
iii. To enable technical and strategic discussions and
exchange of information to take place;
c. The implementation of the Strategic Approach will depend in
significant part on the activities of relevant intergovernmental
organizations. In order to help ensure that these activities are
cost-effectiveness and to promote the Strategic Approach's multi-sectoral
26
27
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
27
coordinated properly, IOMC should continue to perform a
coordinating function for intergovernmental organization
activities and work programmes.
27. The Conference should have a bureau with functions in accordance
with the rules of procedure.
28. The functions to be performed by the secretariat will be:
a. To facilitate meetings and intersessional work of the
Conference, as well as regional meetings, with maximum multi-
stakeholder participation, and to disseminate the reports and
recommendations of the Conference;
b. To report to the Conference on implementation of the Strategic
Approach by all participants;
c. To promote the establishment and maintenance of a network of
Strategic Approach stakeholders at the national, regional and, in
the case of intergovernmental and non-governmental
organizations, international levels;
d. To facilitate the development and dissemination of guidance
materials to support implementation of the Strategic Approach
by stakeholders;
e. To provide guidance to stakeholders in the initiation of project
proposals;
f. To provide information clearing-house services such as
provision of advice to countries on implementation of the
Strategic Approach, referral of requests for information to
relevant sources, and facilitation of access to information and
expertise in support of specific national actions;
g. To ensure that recommendations from the Conference are
conveyed to relevant global and regional organizations and
institutions;
h. To promote the exchange of relevant scientific and technical
information;
i. To establish and maintain a working relationship with
participating organizations of IOMC in order to draw upon their
sectoral expertise.
29. The Executive Director of UNEP will be requested to establish the
Strategic Approach secretariat. UNEP and the World Health Organization
27
28
28
(WHO) will take lead roles in the secretariat in their respective areas of
expertise in relation to the Strategic Approach, with UNEP assuming
overall administrative responsibility. The Strategic Approach secretariat will
be co-located with the UNEP chemicals and waste cluster in Geneva, and
take full advantage of existing synergies. In order to reflect the multi-
sectoral nature of the Strategic Approach, the secretariat will work in
coordination and/or cooperation with the participating organizations of
IOMC and UNDP, as well as with other intergovernmental organizations, as
appropriate. The secretariat will report to the Conference.
28
29
O
V
E
R
A
R
C
H
I
N
G

P
O
L
I
C
Y

S
T
R
A
T
E
G
Y
29
Appendix to the Overarching Policy Strategy
Text of paragraph 23 of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation is a key political commitment
underlying the Overarching Policy Strategy of the Strategic Approach. In the
Plan, it was agreed that  governments, relevant international organizations, the
private sector and all major groups should play an active role in changing
unsustainable consumption and production patterns.  This would include the
actions at all levels set out in paragraph 23 of the Plan:
management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and of hazardous
wastes for sustainable development as
health and the environment, inter alia, aiming to achieve, by 2020, that
chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of
significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, using
transparent science-based risk assessment procedures and science-based
risk management procedures, taking into account the precautionary
approach, as set out in principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment
and Development, and support developing countries in strengthening their
capacity for the sound management of chemicals and hazardous wastes by
providing technical and financial assistance. This would include actions at
all levels to:
Promote the ratification and implementation of relevant
international instruments on chemicals and hazardous waste,
including the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent
Procedures for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in
International Trade so that it can enter into force by 2003 and the
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants so that it can
enter into force by 2004, and encourage and improve coordination as
well as supporting developing countries in their implementation;
 (b) Further develop a strategic approach to international chemicals
management based on the Bahia Declaration and Priorities for Action
beyond 2000 of the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety by
2005, and urge that the United Nations Environment Programme, the
Intergovernmental Forum, other international organizations dealing
with chemical management and other relevant international
organizations and actors closely cooperate in this regard, as
appropriate;
 (c) Encourage countries to implement the new globally harmonized
system for the classification and labelling of chemicals as soon as
possible with a view to having the system fully operational by 2008;
 "23. Renew the commitment, as advanced in Agenda 21, to sound
well as for the protection of human
 (a) "
 "
 "
29
30
30
 (d) Encourage partnerships to promote activities aimed at
enhancing environmentally sound management of chemicals and
hazardous wastes, implementing multilateral environmental
agreements, raising awareness of issues relating to chemicals and
hazardous waste and encouraging the collection and use of additional
scientific data;
 (e) Promote efforts to prevent international illegal trafficking of
hazardous chemicals and hazardous wastes and to prevent damage
resulting from the transboundary movement and disposal of
hazardous wastes in a manner consistent with obligations under
relevant international instruments, such as the Basel Convention on
the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
Their Disposal;
 (f) Encourage development of coherent and integrated information
on chemicals, such as through national pollutant release and transfer
registers;
 (g) Promote reduction of the risks posed by heavy metals that are
harmful to human health and the environment, including through a
review of relevant studies, such as the United Nations Environment
Programme global assessment of mercury and its compounds." 
 "
"
"
"
30
31
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
31
Global Plan of Action
Executive summary
Introduction
1. The Global Plan of Action of the Strategic Approach to International
Chemicals Management has been structured into work areas and
associated activities that may be undertaken voluntarily by stakeholders in
order to pursue the commitments and objectives expressed in the Dubai
Declaration on International Chemicals Management and the Overarching
Policy Strategy. These reaffirm the commitment expressed at the World
Summit on Sustainable Development in the Johannesburg Plan of
Implementation that by 2020 chemicals are used and produced in ways
that lead to the minimization of significant adverse effects on human health
and the environment. The plan should be regarded as a guidance
document to be reviewed, as appropriate, and the activities should be
considered and implemented, as appropriate, by stakeholders during the
implementation of the Strategic Approach, according to their applicability.
2. The present executive summary aims to give policy-makers a brief
overview of the structure of the Global Plan of Action and the list of actions
that can be undertaken to achieve the objectives of the Strategic Approach.
Within the Global Plan of Action, possible work areas and their associated
activities, actors, targets and timeframes, indicators of progress and
implementation aspects are grouped according to five categories of
objectives contained in the Overarching Policy Strategy of the Strategic
Approach, namely, risk reduction, knowledge and information, governance,
capacity-building and technical assistance and illegal international traffic.
These objectives are discussed in sections A to E of the present executive
summary. Cross-cutting measures that appear under more than one
3. Three tables follow this executive summary. Table A provides a
summary list of the work areas and the numbers of the possible activities
associated with them. Table B lists the work areas together with the
possible activities associated with them and suggested actors, targets and
timeframes, indicators of progress and implementation aspects, set out in
five separate sections corresponding to the five categories of objectives
listed in paragraph 2 above. Although each work area is listed under a
single principal category in the summary table A, it may appear under
several objectives in the detailed table B. The columns dealing with
suggested actors, targets and timeframes, indicators of progress and

Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa,
26 August4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.I. and corrigendum)
chap. I, resolution 2, annex.
1
1
"
objective are discussed in section F, entitled  Improved general practices.
31
32
32
implementation aspects were not fully discussed and sufficient time was
not available to achieve agreement during the process to develop the
Strategic Approach. However, stakeholders might find them useful in their
implementation of the relevant activities. A table listing acronyms and
abbreviations used in table B is appended as well.
4. Participants in the process to develop the Strategic Approach were
unable to conclude their discussions on a number of activities, as reflected
in table C of document SAICM/ICCM.1/4, which can be found at the
website http:www.chem.unep.ch/saicm. Bearing in mind that the Global
Plan of Action is an evolving tool to assist in achieving the objectives of the
Strategic Approach, stakeholders may wish to discuss these items. In the
period between the first and second sessions of the International
Conference on Chemicals Management, activities such as regional
meetings could be pursued.
5. The various categories of objectives, together with their
corresponding work areas, are closely in terconnected. Thus, numerous risk
reduction actions are needed to protect human health and the environment
from the unsound management of chemicals. A large number of these risk
reduction actions will need to be supported by extensive improvements in
our knowledge and information on chemicals, governance arrangements
(including institutional coordination, regulatory frameworks and public
policy) in all sectors involved with chemicals, and general practices
associated with the sound management of chemicals throughout their
life-cycles. Furthermore, meaningful and timely capacity-building and
technical assistance in support of the actions of developing countries and
countries with economies in transition are essential to making substantive
improvements in reducing the risks to human health and the environment
caused by the unsound management of chemicals.
6. The Global Plan of Action also serves as guidance to all stakeholders
at the global, regional, national and local levels, including when assessing
the current status of their actions in support of the sound management of
chemicals and identifying priorities to address gaps in such management. It
is emphasized that priorities and timeframes will differ among countries,
reflecting, for instance, the current state of chemicals management and the
capacity to carry out a given measure in a given country. It is anticipated
that Governments and other stakeholders will adopt flexible programmes to
build and sustain adequate and comprehensive capabilities for the sound
management of chemicals consistent with national circumstances and the
Strategic Approach objectives.
7. In general, priority should be given to activities which:
a. Focus on narrowing the gap between developed countries on
the one hand and developing countries and countries with
32
33
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
33
economies in transition on the other hand in their capacities for
the sound management of chemicals;
b. Facilitate the implementation of existing agreements and work
areas;
c. Target issues not currently addressed in existing agreements
and work areas;
d. Ensure that, by 2020:
i. Chemicals or chemical uses that pose an unreasonable
and otherwise unmanageable risk to human health and the
environment based on a science-based risk assessment
and taking into account the costs and benefits as well as
the availability of safer substitutes and their efficacy are no
longer produced or used for such uses;
ii. The risks from unintended releases of chemicals that pose
an unreasonable and otherwise unmanageable risk to
human health and the environment
2
based on a
science-based risk assessment and taking into account the
costs and benefits are minimized;
e. Target chemicals that pose unreasonable and unmanageable
risks;
f. Promote the generation of adequate science-based knowledge
on health and environmental risks of chemicals and make it
available to all stakeholders.
8. For many of the work areas, it is important to work in a concerted
manner in order to be most effective. It is therefore critical for all
stakeholders to take appropriate cooperative action on global priorities.
These include, among others:
a. Integrating chemicals issues into the broader development
agenda, including the development of plans for prioritization of
action in consultation with stakeholders, including vulnerable
groups;

Groups of chemicals that might be prioritized for assessment and related studies include: persistent,
bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTs); very persistent and very bioaccumulative substances;
chemicals that are carcinogens or mutagens or that adversely affect, inter alia, the reproductive,
endocrine, immune or nervous systems; persistent organic pollutants (POPs); mercury and other
chemicals of global concern; chemicals produced or used in high volumes; chemicals subject to wide
dispersive uses; and other chemicals of concern at the national level.
2
2
33
34
34
b. Promoting ratification and implementation of relevant existing
international conventions on health, safety, occupational health
and safety and environment;
c. Encouraging implementation of existing internationally
recognized standards, tools and approaches for environment
and health and protection from chemicals, such as the Globally
Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of
Chemicals and pollutant release and transfer registers;
d. Promoting reduction of risks from mercury and other chemicals
of global concern so that they are minimized;
e. Encouraging the reduction of the quantity and toxicity of
hazardous wastes;
f. Promoting efforts to prevent illegal traffic in chemicals and
hazardous waste;
g. Promoting greater coordination among regional and national
centres and other stakeholders in order to address the whole
spectrum of issues regarding chemicals and hazardous waste;
h. Promoting alternatives in order to reduce and phase out highly
toxic pesticides;
i. Promoting capacity-building, education and training and
information exchange on sound management of chemicals for
all stakeholders;
j. Promoting voluntary industry initiatives and product stewardship
in all relevant industries;
k. Promoting the phase-out of lead in gasoline;
l. Promoting the remediation of contaminated areas.
A. Measures to support risk reduction
9. Under the risk reduction objective, work areas aimed at protecting
human health and the environment would include the development of
action plans to address priority concerns in relation to groups with specific
vulnerabilities. Examples of measures to safeguard the health of women
and children are the minimization of chemical exposures before conception
and through gestation, infancy, childhood and adolescence. Occupational
health and safety for workers would be promoted through measures such
as the establishment of national inspection systems and implementation of
adequate occupational health and safety standards to minimize workplace
34
35
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
35
hazards from chemicals. Groups of chemicals that might be prioritized for
assessment and related studies, such as for the development and use of
safe and effective alternatives, include: persistent, bioaccumulative and
toxic substances (PBTs); very persistent and very bioaccumulative
substances; chemicals that are carcinogens or mutagens or that adversely
affect, inter alia, the reproductive, endocrine, immune or nervous systems;
persistent organic pollutants (POPs); mercury and other chemicals of
global concern; chemicals produced or used in high volumes; chemicals
subject to wide dispersive uses; and other chemicals of concern at the
national level. Minimization of hazardous wastes would be enhanced by
national planning and policies, awareness-raising and protection of
handlers, while contaminated sites would be subject to identification and
remediation. Pollution prevention measures would include the phasing out
of lead in gasoline. Capacities to deal with poisonings and other chemical
incidents would be strengthened.
B. Strengthening knowledge and information
10. Measures to strengthen knowledge and information would include
improved education, training and awareness-raising activities aimed at
those who may be exposed to toxic substances at any stage in the life
cycle of chemicals and the generation and dissemination of data on the
hazards of all chemicals in commerce, taking account of legitimate
commercial confidentiality needs. Among other measures in this area
would be stepped-up monitoring of the impacts of chemicals on health and
the environment, harmonized risk assessments, efforts to implement the
Globally Harmonized System of the Classification and Labelling of
Chemicals, and the development and publication of national pollutant
release and transfer registers.
C. Governance: strengthening of institutions, law and policy
11.
measures to review national legislation in order to ratify and implement
existing international agreements dealing with chemicals and hazardous
wastes, such as the Basel Convention on the Control of the Transboundary
Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, the Rotterdam
Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain
Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, the Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the International Labour
Organization conventions on the protection of workers and measures to
improve coordination and synergies with respect to chemical safety policy
and activities at the national and international levels. Another core area
would be measures to ensure the participation of all stakeholders, including
women in particular, in the management of the life cycle of chemicals.
Measures to integrate chemicals management into strategies for
development assistance, sustainable development and poverty reduction
Central to the Strategic Approach's governance objectives would be
35
36
36
papers would be important to underpin the more effective direction of
resources to chemical safety activities. Other measures under the
governance category would include the development of systems for
emergency preparedness and response in the case of chemical accidents,
the consideration of chemical use in protected areas, training in liability and
compensation schemes in relation to damage to human health and the
environment caused by the production and use of chemicals and action to
prevent and detect illegal trafficking of chemicals and hazardous wastes.
D. Enhancing capacity-building
12. Capacity-building measures include training of personnel in order to
provide the necessary skills to support the systematic implementation of
the Strategic Approach at the local, national and regional levels in a
coordinated way and across the full range of chemical safety needs,
including strategic planning, risk assessment and management, testing and
research and control of illegal traffic. Use would be made of
information-exchange mechanisms on capacity-building in order to ensure
coordination.
E. Addressing illegal international traffic
13. Actions at the national, regional and global levels are needed to
prevent and detect illegal trafficking of chemicals and hazardous wastes,
including efforts towards the more effective application of international
conventions relating to transboundary movements of chemicals and
hazardous waste.
F. Improved general practices
14. The list of work areas contains a number of activities to improve
general chemicals management practices, such as the development and
implementation of cleaner production methods in accordance with best
available techniques and best environmental practices. Similarly, better
agricultural methods, including the use of non-chemical alternatives, would
be promoted. Measures associated with improved corporate social and
environmental responsibility for the safe production and use of products
would include the further development and implementation of voluntary
International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides of
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
initiatives such as industry's Responsible Care programme and the
36
37
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
37
Table A. Possible work areas and their associated activities
WORK AREA ACTIVITY
Assessment of national chemicals management to identify gaps and prioritize
actions
Human health protection
Children and chemical safety
245246
Occupational health and safety
Implementation of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) 248250
Pesticide programmes 31
Reduced health and environmental risks of pesticides
Cleaner production
Remediation of contaminated sites
Lead in gasoline
Sound agricultural practices
Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTs); very persistent and
very bioaccumulative substances; chemicals that are carcinogens or
mutagens or that adversely affect, inter alia, the reproductive, endocrine,
immune or nervous systems; persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
Mercury and other chemicals of global concern; chemicals produced or used
in high volumes; chemicals subject to wide dispersive uses; and other
chemicals of concern at the national level
Risk assessment, management and communication
Waste management (and minimization)
Formulation of prevention and response measures to mitigate environmental
and health impacts of emergencies involving chemicals
Research, monitoring and data
Hazard data generation and availability
Promotion of industry participation and responsibility
Information management and dissemination
Life cycle
international registers
Education and training (public awareness)
Stakeholder participation
Implementation of integrated national programmes for the sound
management of chemicals at the national level in a flexible manner
International agreements
Social and economic considerations
Legal, policy and institutional aspects
Liability and compensation 199
Stock-taking on progress
Protected areas
Prevention of illegal traffic in toxic and dangerous goods
Trade and environment
Civil society and public interest non-governmental organization (NGO)
participation
Capacity-building to support national actions
Highly toxic pesticides risk management and reduction
Pollutant release and transfer register (PRTRs) creation of national and
1, 165, 207
2–6
11–21, 138–149, 255
7–10, 150–153,
22, 99–101, 168,
32–42
43–46, 118, 238–242
23–30, 114–117
47–48, 243
50–53, 158–160
49, 156, 244
54–56
61–67, 127–137, 247
68–73, 161–162,
57–60, 157
258262, 272–273
74–79, 237
80–87
88–97
98, 189–192
102–113, 256
119–123
124–126, 177–180
154–155
163–164
166–167
169–176
181–188, 257
193–198
200–201
202–203, 253–254
204, 263–271
206
205, 251–252
208–236
37
38
39
T
a
b
l
e

B
.

L
i
s
t

o
f

p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e

w
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

a
n
d

t
h
e
i
r

a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
,

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s
1
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

t
o

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

g
a
p
s

a
n
d

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
e

a
c
t
i
o
n
s

1
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

a
c
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

f
o
r

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

a
c
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
I
n
t
e
r
a
g
e
n
c
y

a
n
d

m
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
e
s

c
r
e
a
t
e
d

t
o

a
s
s
i
s
t

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s
2
.

F
i
l
l

g
a
p
s

i
n

a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

a
c
c
e
s
s
,

i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t

a
n
d

a
p
p
l
y

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

(
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
a
b
l
e
s

t
o

b
e

s
e
t

f
o
r

e
a
c
h

S
A
I
C
M

r
e
v
i
e
w

p
e
r
i
o
d
)

G
a
p
s

i
n

a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

h
a
v
e

d
i
m
i
n
i
s
h
e
d
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
d

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

t
h
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s
,

r
i
s
k
s

a
n
d

s
a
f
e

u
s
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

(
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
o
s
e

i
n

m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
)
,

i
n

f
o
r
m
s

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

t
o

e
n
d

u
s
e
r
s
,

a
n
d

i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d

u
s
e

o
f

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

H
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
3
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

a
n
d

u
s
e

n
e
w

a
n
d

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
.
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
(
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
a
b
l
e
s

t
o

b
e

s
e
t

f
o
r

e
a
c
h

S
A
I
C
M

r
e
v
i
e
w

p
e
r
i
o
d
)

N
e
w

a
n
d

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.

M
e
t
h
o
d
s

f
o
r

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

d
o
s
e
-
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
s

a
n
d

r
i
s
k
s

t
o

v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
l
e

g
r
o
u
p
s
,

i
n

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,

p
r
e
g
n
a
n
t

w
o
m
e
n

a
n
d

f
e
r
t
i
l
e

p
e
o
p
l
e
,

t
h
e

e
l
d
e
r
l
y

a
n
d

t
h
e

p
o
o
r
;

n
e
w

t
o
o
l
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

1

A

l
i
s
t

o
f

t
h
e

a
c
r
o
n
y
m
s

a
n
d

a
b
b
r
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
s

u
s
e
d

i
n

t
h
i
s

t
a
b
l
e

i
s

s
e
t

o
u
t

f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g

t
h
e

t
a
b
l
e
.

2
A
c
t
o
r
s

i
n

b
o
l
d

a
r
e

t
h
e

p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e

a
c
t
o
r
s
.
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0
39
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
40
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

4
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

b
e
t
t
e
r

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

a
n
d

c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a

f
o
r

d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g

t
h
e

i
m
p
a
c
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
n

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

(
a
n
d

t
h
e
r
e
b
y

o
n

t
h
e

e
c
o
n
o
m
y

a
n
d

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
)
,

f
o
r

s
e
t
t
i
n
g

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

a
c
t
i
o
n
,

f
o
r

t
h
e

d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

f
o
r

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

o
f

S
A
I
C
M
.
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
)

R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

(
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
a
b
l
e
s

t
o

b
e

s
e
t

f
o
r

e
a
c
h

S
A
I
C
M

r
e
v
i
e
w

p
e
r
i
o
d
)

B
e
t
t
e
r

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

a
n
d

c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a

t
o

d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e

i
m
p
a
c
t
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.

C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
r
e

i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d

i
n

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

a
g
e
n
d
a
.
U
s
a
b
l
e

a
t

t
h
e

c
o
u
n
t
r
y

l
e
v
e
l

M
e
a
n
s

o
f

d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

i
m
p
a
c
t
s

o
f

p
o
l
i
c
y

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s

5
.

B
u
i
l
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
o

d
e
a
l

w
i
t
h

p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g
s

a
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

W
H
O
)

(
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
a
b
l
e
s

t
o

b
e

s
e
t

f
o
r

e
a
c
h

S
A
I
C
M

r
e
v
i
e
w

p
e
r
i
o
d
)

T
h
e

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

d
e
a
l

w
i
t
h

p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

h
a
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.

A
n

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g

o
f

p
o
i
s
o
n
s

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

a
n
d

s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
,

a
l
e
r
t

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

a

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

b
a
s
i
s

6
.

I
n
c
l
u
d
e

a

r
a
n
g
e

o
f

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

(
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
a
b
l
e
s

t
o

b
e

s
e
t

f
o
r

e
a
c
h

S
A
I
C
M

r
e
v
i
e
w

p
e
r
i
o
d
)

A

r
a
n
g
e

o
f

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

i
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
l
y

a
n
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
.

E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

i
n

r
i
s
k

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

7
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s

t
o

a
s
s
i
s
t

i
n

t
h
e

p
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
;

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

a
c
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

t
o

a
d
d
r
e
s
s

t
h
o
s
e

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
)
U
N
I
C
E
F
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
n
i
t
i
a
l

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
r
e

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
c
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

a
r
e

p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d

a
n
d

a
r
e

i
n

u
s
e
.
G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

f
o
r

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

o
f

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

39
40
41
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

8
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

n
e
e
d
e
d

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

t
h
a
t

w
i
l
l

r
e
d
u
c
e

u
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y

i
n

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
C
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
o
x
i
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

d
a
t
a

o
n

e
n
d
p
o
i
n
t
s

o
f

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e

t
o

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,

i
.
e
.
,

i
n

u
t
e
r
o

o
r

p
o
s
t
-
n
a
t
a
l

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

g
r
o
w
t
h
,

a
n
d

d
a
t
a

t
h
a
t

w
o
u
l
d

h
e
l
p

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

o
r

q
u
a
n
t
i
f
y

t
h
e

e
x
t
e
n
t

t
o

w
h
i
c
h

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
r
e

e
x
p
o
s
e
d

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
f

c
o
n
c
e
r
n
T
r
a
i
n
e
d

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
9
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

s
h
a
r
e

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

t
h
a
t

c
a
n

b
e

u
s
e
d

t
o

r
e
d
u
c
e

u
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y

i
n

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

N
G
O
s
I
F
C
S
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
1
0
.

E
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e

a
s

a

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

a
n
y

c
h
i
l
d

l
a
b
o
u
r

t
h
a
t

i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
,

N
G
O
s
T
h
e

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
h
i
b
i
t
i
n
g

c
h
i
l
d

l
a
b
o
u
r

i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

h
a
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.
T
h
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

e
n
f
o
r
c
e

s
u
c
h

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

h
a
s

i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
h
e

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
h
a
t

h
a
v
e

r
a
t
i
f
i
e
d

t
h
e

I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
i
l
d

l
a
b
o
u
r

h
a
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

1
1
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

d
a
t
a

e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s

o
n

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

f
o
r

r
e
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

d
a
t
a

i
n

c
o
m
p
a
n
y
-
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

d
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

d
a
t
a

e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s

f
o
r

r
e
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

d
a
t
a

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s

a
n
d

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

i
s

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
r
e

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

40
41
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
42
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
2
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

t
o

p
r
o
t
e
c
t

t
h
e

h
e
a
l
t
h

o
f

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

a
n
d

t
h
e

p
u
b
l
i
c
,

c
o
v
e
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

e
n
t
i
r
e

s
p
e
c
t
r
u
m

o
f

w
o
r
k

s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
s

i
n

w
h
i
c
h

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

h
a
n
d
l
e
d
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

s
u
c
h

s
e
c
t
o
r
s

a
s

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

f
u
l
l
y

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

s
e
c
t
o
r
s
.
G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

o
n

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
1
3
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

a

s
y
s
t
e
m

o
f

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
m
p
a
c
t

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

i
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g

a
n
d

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

i
t

i
n

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
H
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
m
p
a
c
t

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

a
r
e

m
a
d
e

p
a
r
t

o
f

O
H
S

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
1
4
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p
,

e
n
h
a
n
c
e
,

u
p
d
a
t
e

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

I
L
O

s
a
f
e

w
o
r
k

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
,

I
L
O

g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s

o
n

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

s
y
s
t
e
m

(
I
L
O
-
O
S
H

2
0
0
1
)

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

n
o
n
-
b
i
n
d
i
n
g

g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
d
e
s

o
f

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
o
s
e

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r

t
o

i
n
d
i
g
e
n
o
u
s

a
n
d

t
r
i
b
a
l

p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
L
O

s
a
f
e

w
o
r
k

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s

a
n
d

g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
O
t
h
e
r

n
o
n
-
b
i
n
d
i
n
g

g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
d
e
s

o
f

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e

t
o

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

s
o
u
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
,

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
I
n
d
i
g
e
n
o
u
s

a
n
d

t
r
i
b
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
,

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
b
l
e

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
U
p
d
a
t
i
n
g

o
f

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

41
42
43
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
5
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

c
o
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

t
e
x
t

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

w
i
t
h

a

c
l
e
a
r

e
m
p
h
a
s
i
s

o
n

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
,

r
e
q
u
i
r
i
n
g

t
h
a
t

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

b
e

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t

b
a
s
e
d

o
n

t
h
e

r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
d

h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
y

o
f

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
)
N
G
O
s
O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

r
e
f
e
r

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

w
h
i
c
h

e
m
p
h
a
s
i
z
e

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

n
e
e
d
s

o
f

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

i
n

s
m
a
l
l

a
n
d

m
e
d
i
u
m
-
s
i
z
e
d

e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
s
,

t
h
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
l

s
e
c
t
o
r
,

m
i
g
r
a
n
t

w
o
r
k
e
r
s
,

u
n
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
e
d

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

a
n
d

u
n
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
e
d

m
i
g
r
a
n
t

w
o
r
k
e
r
s
,

t
h
e

s
e
l
f
-
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
,

w
a
g
e

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

a
n
d

v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
l
e

g
r
o
u
p
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,

y
o
u
n
g

p
e
r
s
o
n
s
,

w
o
m
e
n

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
l
d
e
r
l
y

i
n

a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

i
n

t
h
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
1
6
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

a
l
l

p
u
b
l
i
c

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

p
r
a
c
t
i
t
i
o
n
e
r
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
,

w
i
t
h

a
n

e
m
p
h
a
s
i
s

o
n

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

o
f

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

r
i
s
k

f
a
c
t
o
r
s

i
n

a
l
l

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
s

(
s
u
c
h

a
s

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
,

r
u
r
a
l
,

b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s

a
n
d

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
)
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

a
l
l

p
u
b
l
i
c

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

p
r
a
c
t
i
t
i
o
n
e
r
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
,

w
i
t
h

a
n

e
m
p
h
a
s
i
s

o
n

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

o
f

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

r
i
s
k

f
a
c
t
o
r
s
,

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
1
7
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l

e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
S
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

e
v
e
r
y

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

42
43
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
44
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
8
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

d
a
t
a

s
h
e
e
t
s

t
o

a
s
s
i
s
t

e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
s

i
n

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
n
g

t
h
e
i
r

w
o
r
k
e
r
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
S
a
f
e
t
y

d
a
t
a

s
h
e
e
t
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
f

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

s
a
f
e
t
y

d
a
t
a

s
h
e
e
t
s
1
9
.

A
v
o
i
d

w
o
r
k
e
r

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

w
h
e
r
e

p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
;

p
r
o
v
i
d
e

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
;

i
m
p
r
o
v
e

t
h
e

a
c
c
e
p
t
a
n
c
e

o
f

w
e
a
r
i
n
g

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

s
t
i
m
u
l
a
t
e

f
u
r
t
h
e
r

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

o
n

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

t
o

b
e

u
s
e
d

u
n
d
e
r

h
o
t

a
n
d

h
u
m
i
d

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
T
h
e

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

c
a
s
e
s

o
f

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

d
i
s
e
a
s
e
s

a
n
d

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

s
h
o
w
s

a

c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t

d
e
c
l
i
n
i
n
g

t
r
e
n
d
.

R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

o
n

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

g
i
v
e
s

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
b
l
e

r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

f
o
r

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s

a
n
d

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s

B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

2
0
.

P
r
o
t
e
c
t

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

f
r
o
m

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

c
a
u
s
i
n
g

a
s
b
e
s
t
o
s
i
s
,

o
t
h
e
r

a
s
b
e
s
t
o
s
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d

d
i
s
e
a
s
e
s

a
n
d

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
a
n
c
e
r
s
,

t
h
o
s
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d

i
n

t
h
e

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

b
e
c
a
u
s
e

o
f

t
h
e
i
r

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
i
s
k
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

b
a
s
e
d

o
n

t
h
e
i
r

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

r
i
s
k
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
h
e

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

c
a
s
e
s

o
f

a
s
b
e
s
t
o
s
i
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

a
s
b
e
s
t
o
s
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d

d
i
s
e
a
s
e
s

a
n
d

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
a
n
c
e
r
s

s
h
o
w
s

a

c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t

d
e
c
l
i
n
i
n
g

t
r
e
n
d
.
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

f
o
r

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s

a
n
d

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
.

L
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
2
1
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

o
n

a

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

t
h
e

s
e
t
t
i
n
g

o
f

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

l
i
m
i
t
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

i
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

o
f

w
o
r
k
i
n
g

g
r
o
u
p
s

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y

a
n
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

G
H
S
2
2
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

r
o
l
e
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s
,

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
,

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
u
p
p
l
i
e
r
s

a
n
d

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s

i
n

t
h
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

G
H
S
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
R
o
l
e
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s
,

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
,

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
u
p
p
l
i
e
r
s

a
n
d

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s

i
n

t
h
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

G
H
S

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
:
U
N
I
T
A
R
/
I
L
O

G
H
S

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
5
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
5
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
7
43
44
45
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
3
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

f
u
l
l

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

F
A
O

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

C
o
d
e

o
f

C
o
n
d
u
c
t

o
n

t
h
e

D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

U
s
e

o
f

P
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

(
C
r
o
p
L
i
f
e

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
)
N
G
O
s
T
h
e

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
h
a
t

h
a
v
e

a
d
o
p
t
e
d

t
h
e

F
A
O

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

C
o
d
e

o
f

C
o
n
d
u
c
t

o
n

t
h
e

D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

U
s
e

o
f

P
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

h
a
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

F
A
O

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

C
o
d
e

o
f

C
o
n
d
u
c
t

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
F
A
O

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

o
n

t
h
e

C
o
d
e

o
f

C
o
n
d
u
c
t

L
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l

2
4
.

G
i
v
e

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

t
o

p
e
s
t

a
n
d

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

p
o
v
e
r
t
y

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
a
p
e
r
s

t
o

e
n
a
b
l
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
(
C
r
o
p
L
i
f
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
)
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
,

N
G
O
s

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

p
o
v
e
r
t
y

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
a
p
e
r
s

h
a
v
e

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d

p
e
s
t

a
n
d

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
s

a

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
,

t
h
u
s

e
n
a
b
l
i
n
g

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

M
o
d
e
l

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k

2
5
.

B
a
s
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s

o
n

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

o
n

a
n

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e
i
r

i
n
t
r
i
n
s
i
c

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

a
n
d

a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
d

l
o
c
a
l

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

t
o

t
h
e
m
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)
H
a
z
a
r
d

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
s

o
f

a
l
l

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
r
e

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

a
r
e

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n

u
n
d
e
r

l
o
c
a
l

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
N
e
e
d

t
o

t
a
k
e

i
n
t
o

a
c
c
o
u
n
t

c
o
m
m
o
n

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s

o
f

u
s
e

a
n
d

t
h
e

n
e
e
d

t
o

r
e
d
u
c
e

r
i
s
k
s

H
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

 

r
i
s
k

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
2
6
.

P
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
e

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
u
r
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

l
e
a
s
t

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

a
n
d

u
s
e

b
e
s
t

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

t
o

a
v
o
i
d

e
x
c
e
s
s
i
v
e

o
r

i
n
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

s
u
p
p
l
i
e
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

(
C
r
o
p
L
i
f
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l

p
r
o
c
u
r
e
m
e
n
t

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
e

t
h
e

p
u
r
c
h
a
s
e

o
f

t
h
e

l
e
a
s
t

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
U
s
e

o
f

b
e
s
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

i
s

g
i
v
e
n

h
i
g
h

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

P
r
o
c
u
r
e
m
e
n
t

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

B
e
s
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

44
45
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
46
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
7
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

r
e
d
u
c
e
d
-
r
i
s
k

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
n
d

s
u
b
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
s

w
e
l
l

a
s

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

n
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

m
e
a
n
s

o
f

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
(
C
r
o
p
L
i
f
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
)
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
F
a
r
m
e
r

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
U
s
e

o
f

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

i
s

r
e
d
u
c
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
U
s
e

o
f

n
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

i
s

p
r
o
m
o
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

U
s
e

o
f

r
e
d
u
c
e
d
-
r
i
s
k

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

i
s

p
r
o
m
o
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.

L
o
c
a
l

e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e

i
n

u
s
e

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
S
e
n
s
i
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

u
s
e
r
s

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
N
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
t
h
o
d
s
2
8
.

D
i
s
t
i
n
g
u
i
s
h

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

t
h
a
t

h
a
v
e

a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d

c
o
s
t

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
,

s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t

a
n
d

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
s

f
r
o
m

t
h
o
s
e

w
h
i
c
h

h
a
v
e

n
o
t

a
n
d

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
n
d

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

i
n

f
u
t
u
r
e

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

t
h
a
t

h
a
v
e

a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d

s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t

a
n
d

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
e
d

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
.
O
E
C
D

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
2
9
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

p
e
s
t

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

v
e
c
t
o
r

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

p
e
s
t

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

v
e
c
t
o
r

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

p
r
a
c
t
i
s
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

a
r
e

i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d

i
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
3
0
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

t
o

e
x
t
e
n
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t

s
t
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p

a
n
d

t
o

w
i
t
h
d
r
a
w

v
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
i
l
y

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

w
h
i
c
h

a
r
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

a
n
d

c
a
n
n
o
t

b
e

u
s
e
d

s
a
f
e
l
y

u
n
d
e
r

p
r
e
v
a
l
e
n
t

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

(
C
r
o
p
L
i
f
e

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
)
V
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
y

p
r
o
d
u
c
t

s
t
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s

a
r
e

i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

V
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
y

w
i
t
h
d
r
a
w
a
l
s

o
f

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n
.
P
r
e
s
e
n
c
e

o
f

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
n

t
h
e

m
a
r
k
e
t

i
s

r
e
d
u
c
e
d
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

45
46
47
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

P
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
3
1
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

t
o

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
e

t
h
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,

d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
n
d
,

w
h
e
r
e

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
,

c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

t
h
e

F
A
O

C
o
d
e

o
f

C
o
n
d
u
c
t

o
n

t
h
e

D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

U
s
e

o
f

P
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

i
s

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

3
2
.

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

a

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

r
e
g
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

s
y
s
t
e
m

w
h
i
c
h

c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s

r
i
s
k
s

f
r
o
m

t
h
e

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

p
o
i
n
t

o
f

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
/
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

t
o

t
h
e

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l

o
f

o
b
s
o
l
e
t
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

o
r

c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
,

U
N
E
P
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
P
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

r
e
g
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

3
3
.

R
e
v
i
e
w

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

o
n

t
h
e

m
a
r
k
e
t

t
o

e
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
e
i
r

u
s
e

i
n

a
c
c
o
r
d
a
n
c
e

w
i
t
h

a
p
p
r
o
v
e
d

l
i
c
e
n
s
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

A
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

e
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

o
n

t
h
e

m
a
r
k
e
t

a
r
e

u
s
e
d

i
n

a
c
c
o
r
d
a
n
c
e

w
i
t
h

a
p
p
r
o
v
e
d

l
i
c
e
n
s
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

3
4
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

h
e
a
l
t
h

s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
f

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

t
o

r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e

s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g
s

3
5
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

a
n
d

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

d
a
t
a

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
M
e
d
i
c
a
l

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)
c
o
n
t
r
o
l

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

R
e
d
u
c
e
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

r
i
s
k
s

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
3
6
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
d
v
i
s
o
r
y

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s

a
n
d

f
a
r
m
e
r

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

w
i
t
h

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

p
e
s
t

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

m
e
t
h
o
d
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

F
a
r
m
e
r
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
p
e
s
t

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
s

d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d

t
o

f
a
r
m
e
r

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
.

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

2
0
1
0
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

H
e
a
l
t
h

s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

P
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

46
47
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
48
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

3
7
.

E
n
s
u
r
e

p
r
o
p
e
r

s
t
o
r
a
g
e

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s

f
o
r

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
t

t
h
e

p
o
i
n
t

o
f

s
a
l
e
,

i
n

w
a
r
e
h
o
u
s
e
s

a
n
d

o
n

f
a
r
m
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

F
a
r
m
e
r
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

P
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
r
e

s
t
o
r
e
d

p
r
o
p
e
r
l
y

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
3
8
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e

t
o

m
o
n
i
t
o
r

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

r
e
s
i
d
u
e
s

i
n

f
o
o
d

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
)
p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

r
e
s
i
d
u
e
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

3
9
.

M
a
k
e

l
e
s
s

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

f
o
r

s
a
l
e

a
n
d

u
s
e
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

L
e
s
s

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
r
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
4
0
.

L
i
c
e
n
s
e

a
n
d

s
e
l
l

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

i
n

c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

r
e
a
d
y

t
o

u
s
e
,

u
n
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
i
v
e

f
o
r

r
e
-
u
s
e
,

i
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
l
e

t
o

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

l
a
b
e
l
l
e
d

w
i
t
h

c
l
e
a
r
,

u
n
a
m
b
i
g
u
o
u
s

d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
a
b
l
e

f
o
r

l
o
c
a
l

u
s
e
r
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
s

a
r
e

l
i
c
e
n
s
e
d

o
r

s
o
l
d
.
P
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

a
r
e

l
a
b
e
l
l
e
d

w
i
t
h

c
l
e
a
r

i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
s

f
o
r

u
s
e
.

L
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
4
1
.

E
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

a
r
e

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
l
y

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

i
n

s
a
f
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

a
n
d

t
h
a
t

p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
o

a
l
l
o
w

t
h
e

s
a
f
e

u
s
e

o
f

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

F
a
r
m
e
r
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
t
r
a
i
n
e
d

i
n

s
a
f
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
.

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

4
2
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

F
a
r
m
e
r
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

i
s

p
r
o
m
o
t
e
d
.

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
7
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

L
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

O
n
l
y

r
e
a
d
y
-
t
o
-
u
s
e

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

a
r
e

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

47
48
49
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

C
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

4
3
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
,

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
,

i
n

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r

b
e
s
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

a
n
d

b
e
s
t

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

(
B
A
T
/
B
E
P
)
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
a
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

a
n
d

t
h
e

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r

o
f

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

c
l
e
a
n

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

B
A
T
/
B
E
P

i
s

p
r
o
m
o
t
e
d
.
E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

B
A
T
/
B
E
P
4
4
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s

t
h
a
t

p
o
s
e

l
e
s
s
e
r

r
i
s
k
s
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g

r
i
s
k
s

a
n
d

c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a

f
o
r

s
u
b
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
A

l
i
s
t

o
f

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

a
n
d

t
h
e
i
r

p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s

i
s

p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

t
o

a
s
s
i
s
t

i
n

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
.

L
i
s
t

o
f

s
u
b
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
d

h
a
z
a
r
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
s

p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
U
N
I
D
O

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
:

R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

N
e
t
w
o
r
k

o
n

S
a
f
e

P
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

A
s
i
a

a
n
d

t
h
e

P
a
c
i
f
i
c

(
R
E
N
P
A
P
)
A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

4
5
.

I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

t
h
e

c
o
n
c
e
p
t

o
f

p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

i
n

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
,

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
n
d

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
P
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

i
s

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s
.

P
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

48
49
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
50
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

4
6
.

S
u
p
p
o
r
t

t
h
e

f
u
r
t
h
e
r

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n

o
f

F
A
O

a
n
d

W
H
O

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s

o
n

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
N
G
O
s
F
A
O
/
W
H
O

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s

o
n

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

a
d
o
p
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

4
7
.

I
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s

a
n
d

h
o
t
s
p
o
t
s

a
n
d

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e

r
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

t
o

r
e
d
u
c
e

r
i
s
k
s

t
o

t
h
e

p
u
b
l
i
c

a
n
d

t
o

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
,

I
L
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
P
r
i
v
a
t
e

s
e
c
t
o
r
N
G
O
s
C
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e

r
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

f
o
r

a
l
l

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
f
r
i
c
a
n

S
t
o
c
k
p
i
l
e
s

P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

R
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s

4
8
.

E
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
e

r
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
o
s
e

c
a
u
s
e
d

b
y

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
M
a
n
d
a
t
o
r
y

r
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s

i
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d

i
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

C
o
n
t
i
n
g
e
n
c
y

p
l
a
n
s

f
o
r

h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

L
e
a
d

i
n

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e

4
9
.

E
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e

l
e
a
d

i
n

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
G
E
F
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
L
e
a
d

i
n

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e

i
s

e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

I
m
p
o
r
t

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s

u
n
d
e
r

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

o
n

t
e
t
r
a
e
t
h
y
l

a
n
d

t
e
t
r
a
m
e
t
h
y
l

l
e
a
d
S
o
u
n
d

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
5
0
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

s
c
h
e
m
e
s

f
o
r

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

p
e
s
t

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

S
c
h
e
m
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
e

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
0
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

49
50
51
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

5
1
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

e
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

n
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

a
n
d

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

e
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

n
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

f
o
r

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
5
2
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

l
o
w
e
r
-
r
i
s
k

o
r

s
a
f
e
r

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

A
c
c
e
s
s

i
s

p
r
o
m
o
t
e
d
.

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
5
3
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

p
e
s
t
-

a
n
d

d
i
s
e
a
s
e
-
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
t

c
r
o
p

v
a
r
i
e
t
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
)

C
G
I
A
R
O
n
g
o
i
n
g

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y

P
e
s
t

a
n
d

d
i
s
e
a
s
e

r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
t

c
r
o
p
s

h
a
v
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.

R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

50
51
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
52
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

5
4
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

s
a
f
e

a
n
d

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

n
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

t
o

o
r
g
a
n
i
c

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c
,

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

a
n
d

b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

a
r
e

i
n

u
s
e
.

R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
A
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

t
o

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
,

b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

t
o
x
i
c

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

(
P
B
T
s
)
;

v
e
r
y

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

a
n
d

v
e
r
y

b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
;

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

c
a
r
c
i
n
o
g
e
n
s

o
r

m
u
t
a
g
e
n
s

o
r

t
h
a
t

a
d
v
e
r
s
e
l
y

a
f
f
e
c
t
,

i
n
t
e
r

a
l
i
a
,

t
h
e

r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
,

e
n
d
o
c
r
i
n
e
,

i
m
m
u
n
e

o
r

n
e
r
v
o
u
s

s
y
s
t
e
m
s
;

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

o
r
g
a
n
i
c

p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s

(
P
O
P
s
)
C
l
e
a
r

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
o
x
i
c

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

P
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
,
b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

t
o
x
i
c

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

(
P
B
T
s
)
;

v
e
r
y

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

a
n
d

v
e
r
y

b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
;
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

c
a
r
c
i
n
o
g
e
n
s

o
r

m
u
t
a
g
e
n
s

o
r

t
h
a
t

a
d
v
e
r
s
e
l
y

a
f
f
e
c
t
,

i
n
t
e
r

a
l
i
a
,

t
h
e

r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
,
e
n
d
o
c
r
i
n
e
,

i
m
m
u
n
e

o
r

n
e
r
v
o
u
s

s
y
s
t
e
m
;

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

o
r
g
a
n
i
c

p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s

(
P
O
P
s
)
5
5
.

P
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
e

f
o
r

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

s
t
u
d
i
e
s

g
r
o
u
p
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

p
o
s
i
n
g

a
n

u
n
r
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r
w
i
s
e

u
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
a
b
l
e

r
i
s
k

f
o
r

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,

w
h
i
c
h

m
i
g
h
t

i
n
c
l
u
d
e
:

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

t
o
x
i
c

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
,

(
P
B
T
s
)
;

v
e
r
y

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

a
n
d

v
e
r
y

b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
;

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

c
a
r
c
i
n
o
g
e
n
s

o
r

m
u
t
a
g
e
n
s

o
r

t
h
a
t

a
d
v
e
r
s
e
l
y

a
f
f
e
c
t
,

i
n
t
e
r

a
l
i
a
,

t
h
e

r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
,

e
n
d
o
c
r
i
n
e
,

i
m
m
u
n
e

o
r

n
e
r
v
o
u
s

s
y
s
t
e
m
;

a
n
d

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

o
r
g
a
n
i
c

p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s

(
P
O
P
s
)
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

G
r
o
u
p
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

p
o
s
i
n
g

a
n

u
n
r
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r
w
i
s
e

u
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
a
b
l
e

r
i
s
k

f
o
r

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,

w
h
i
c
h

m
i
g
h
t

i
n
c
l
u
d
e

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

t
o
x
i
c

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

(
P
B
T
s
)
;

v
e
r
y

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

a
n
d

v
e
r
y

b
i
o
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
;

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

c
a
r
c
i
n
o
g
e
n
s
,

m
u
t
a
g
e
n
s

o
r

t
h
a
t

a
d
v
e
r
s
e
l
y

a
f
f
e
c
t
,

i
n
t
e
r

a
l
i
a
,

t
h
e

r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
,

e
n
d
o
c
r
i
n
e
,

i
m
m
u
n
e

o
r

n
e
r
v
o
u
s

s
y
s
t
e
m
s
;

a
n
d

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

o
r
g
a
n
i
c

p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s

(
P
O
P
s
)
,

a
r
e

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
e
d

f
o
r

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

s
t
u
d
i
e
s
.

R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

51
52
53
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

5
6
.

A
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
t
e

a
n

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

t
a
k
i
n
g

i
n
t
o

a
c
c
o
u
n
t

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

t
h
a
t

t
a
r
g
e
t

a

b
r
o
a
d

s
p
e
c
t
r
u
m

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
A
n

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s

D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n

o
f

r
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

s
u
b
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
M
e
r
c
u
r
y

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
f

g
l
o
b
a
l

c
o
n
c
e
r
n
;

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

o
r

u
s
e
d

i
n

h
i
g
h

v
o
l
u
m
e
s
;

t
h
o
s
e

s
u
b
j
e
c
t

t
o

w
i
d
e

d
i
s
p
e
r
s
i
v
e

u
s
e
s
;

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
f

c
o
n
c
e
r
n

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l

5
7
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

r
i
s
k
s

p
o
s
e
d

t
o

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,

e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y

b
y

l
e
a
d
,

m
e
r
c
u
r
y

a
n
d

c
a
d
m
i
u
m
,

b
y

s
o
u
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

a

t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h

r
e
v
i
e
w

o
f

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

s
t
u
d
i
e
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

t
h
e

U
N
E
P

g
l
o
b
a
l

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

m
e
r
c
u
r
y

a
n
d

i
t
s

c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
R
i
s
k
s

p
o
s
e
d

b
y

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

h
a
r
m
f
u
l

t
o

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,

e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y

l
e
a
d
,

m
e
r
c
u
r
y

a
n
d

c
a
d
m
i
u
m
,

a
r
e

r
e
d
u
c
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
R
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

s
t
u
d
i
e
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
e
d
.

A

r
e
v
i
e
w

o
f

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

s
t
u
d
i
e
s

i
s

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t

a
n
d

t
h
e

r
e
s
u
l
t
s

p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
.
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y

s
o
u
n
d

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

r
i
s
k
s

a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d

w
i
t
h

l
e
a
d
,

e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y

f
o
r

s
m
a
l
l

r
e
c
y
c
l
i
n
g

e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
s
,

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

a
n
d

a
r
e

i
n

u
s
e
.
R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

52
53
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
54
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

5
8
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

t
h
e

n
e
e
d

f
o
r

f
u
r
t
h
e
r

a
c
t
i
o
n

o
n

m
e
r
c
u
r
y
,

c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g

a

f
u
l
l

r
a
n
g
e

o
f

o
p
t
i
o
n
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
o
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

a

l
e
g
a
l
l
y

b
i
n
d
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
,

p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

a
c
t
i
o
n
s

(
b
a
s
e
d

o
n

U
N
E
P

G
o
v
e
r
n
i
n
g

C
o
u
n
c
i
l

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n

2
3
/
9
)
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
)
(
C
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
)
F
u
r
t
h
e
r

a
c
t
i
o
n

o
n

m
e
r
c
u
r
y

i
s

t
a
k
e
n
.

A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

o
f

o
p
t
i
o
n
s

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

5
9
.

T
a
k
e

i
m
m
e
d
i
a
t
e

a
c
t
i
o
n

t
o

r
e
d
u
c
e

t
h
e

r
i
s
k

t
o

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

p
o
s
e
d

o
n

a

g
l
o
b
a
l

s
c
a
l
e

b
y

m
e
r
c
u
r
y

i
n

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s

(
b
a
s
e
d

o
n

U
N
E
P

G
o
v
e
r
n
i
n
g

C
o
u
n
c
i
l

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n

2
3
/
9
)
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
)
(
C
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
)
F
u
r
t
h
e
r

a
c
t
i
o
n

i
s

t
a
k
e
n
.

L
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

6
0
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

t
h
e

r
e
v
i
e
w

o
f

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g

e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y

o
n

l
o
n
g
-
r
a
n
g
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
,

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m

f
u
t
u
r
e

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s

o
n

t
h
e

n
e
e
d

f
o
r

g
l
o
b
a
l

a
c
t
i
o
n

i
n

r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n

t
o

l
e
a
d

a
n
d

c
a
d
m
i
u
m
,

t
o

b
e

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d

t
o

t
h
e

G
o
v
e
r
n
i
n
g

C
o
u
n
c
i
l

a
t

i
t
s

t
w
e
n
t
y
-
f
o
u
r
t
h

s
e
s
s
i
o
n

i
n

2
0
0
7

(
b
a
s
e
d

o
n

U
N
E
P

G
o
v
e
r
n
i
n
g

C
o
u
n
c
i
l

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n

2
3
/
9
)
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
2
0
0
7
N
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

a
c
t
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
d
.
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
h
e

n
e
e
d

f
o
r

g
l
o
b
a
l

a
c
t
i
o
n

6
1
.

W
h
e
n

a
s
s
e
s
s
i
n
g

r
i
s
k

t
o

t
h
e

g
e
n
e
r
a
l

p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,

c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

w
h
e
t
h
e
r

c
e
r
t
a
i
n

s
e
g
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

t
h
e

p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

(
i
.
e
.
,

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,

p
r
e
g
n
a
n
t

w
o
m
e
n
)

h
a
v
e

d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l

s
u
s
c
e
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
r

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
n

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

w
h
e
t
h
e
r

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

p
r
e
g
n
a
n
t

w
o
m
e
n

h
a
v
e

d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l

s
u
s
c
e
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

i
s

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t
.

E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

w
h
e
t
h
e
r

a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
i
s
k

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
c
t
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

n
e
e
d
e
d

o
n

a

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
-
b
y
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

b
a
s
i
s

R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
6
2
.

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

w
a
r
n
i
n
g

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

w
i
t
h

r
e
g
a
r
d

t
o

t
h
e

r
i
s
k
s

p
o
s
e
d

b
y

t
h
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,

u
s
e

o
r

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

W
a
r
n
i
n
g

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

w
i
t
h

r
e
g
a
r
d

t
o

t
h
e

r
i
s
k
s

p
o
s
e
d

b
y

t
h
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,

u
s
e

o
r

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

r
e
g
i
o
n
s
.

D
e
s
i
g
n
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
5
–
2
0
0
8

2
0
0
5
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

53
54
55
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

6
3
.

A
p
p
l
y

s
c
i
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
o
s
e

f
r
o
m

a
m
o
n
g

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

t
o
o
l
s

f
r
o
m

I
O
M
C

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

o
n
,

i
n
t
e
r

a
l
i
a
,

t
e
s
t

g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
,

g
o
o
d

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
,

m
u
t
u
a
l

a
c
c
e
p
t
a
n
c
e

o
f

d
a
t
a
,

n
e
w

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
,

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
,

t
o
o
l
s

a
n
d

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

a
n
d

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

O
E
C
D
)
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

a
r
e

u
s
e
d

i
n

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
S
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
t
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

s
c
i
e
n
c
e
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
6
4
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d

t
o
o
l
s

f
o
r

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g

s
c
i
e
n
c
e

i
n
t
o

p
o
l
i
c
y

a
n
d

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g

r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
,

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

o
n

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

r
i
s
k

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

S
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d

t
o
o
l
s

f
o
r

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g

s
c
i
e
n
c
e

i
n
t
o

p
o
l
i
c
y

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k

f
o
r

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d

t
o
o
l
s

i
n
t
o

p
o
l
i
c
y

i
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
s

i
n

u
s
e
.

S
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
t
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

s
c
i
e
n
c
e
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
A
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
6
5
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

o
n

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
,

b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

o
n

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

t
h
o
s
e

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

b
y

O
E
C
D
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
,

i
n
t
e
r

a
l
i
a
,

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

o
n

t
h
e

O
E
C
D

H
i
g
h

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

V
o
l
u
m
e

C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

h
a
z
a
r
d

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
,

(
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e

S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
y

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p

(
(
Q
)
S
A
R
)

A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,

r
e
v
i
e
w

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

a
n
d

f
a
t
e

s
t
u
d
i
e
s
,

e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
s
,

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

a
n
d

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

i
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

6
6
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

t
o

a
s
s
e
s
s

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

K
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

o
n

r
i
s
k

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

54
55
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
56
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

6
7
.

A
p
p
l
y

l
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
o

e
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

w
i
t
h

t
h
e

g
o
a
l
s

o
f

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

a
r
e

a
p
p
l
i
e
d
.

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
6
8
.

F
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

t
h
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l

o
f

o
b
s
o
l
e
t
e

s
t
o
c
k
s

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

(
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y

P
C
B
s
)
,

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
.

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
,

B
C
R
C
s
,
S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
,

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l

P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
A
l
l

o
b
s
o
l
e
t
e

s
t
o
c
k
s

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

d
i
s
p
o
s
e
d

o
f
.

A
f
r
i
c
a

S
t
o
c
k
p
i
l
e
s

P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e

M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

s
t
o
c
k
p
i
l
e
s

o
f

o
t
h
e
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

D
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n

o
f

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

d
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

6
9
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
c
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

w
i
t
h

r
e
s
p
e
c
t

t
o

w
a
s
t
e

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

w
a
s
t
e

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l
,

t
a
k
i
n
g

i
n
t
o

c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

b
y

u
s
i
n
g

t
h
e

c
r
a
d
l
e
-
t
o
-
c
r
a
d
l
e

a
n
d

c
r
a
d
l
e
-
t
o
-
g
r
a
v
e

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
B
C
R
C
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
c
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

w
i
t
h

r
e
s
p
e
c
t

t
o

w
a
s
t
e

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

w
a
s
t
e

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

a
c
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
W
a
s
t
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

(
a
n
d

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
)

7
0
.

P
r
e
v
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

w
a
s
t
e

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

t
h
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

b
e
s
t

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

t
h
a
t

p
o
s
e

l
e
s
s

r
i
s
k
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
.

A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n

o
f

s
a
f
e
r

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

L
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

A
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

55
56
57
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

7
1
.

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

t
h
e

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

w
a
s
t
e

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

a
t

s
o
u
r
c
e

a
n
d

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

o
t
h
e
r

w
a
s
t
e

i
s
s
u
e
s

t
h
a
t

r
e
q
u
i
r
e

f
u
l
l

c
r
a
d
l
e
-
t
o
-
c
r
a
d
l
e

a
n
d

c
r
a
d
l
e
-
t
o
-
g
r
a
v
e

c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

f
a
t
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
t

t
h
e

e
n
d

o
f

t
h
e

u
s
e
f
u
l

l
i
f
e

o
f

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

i
n

w
h
i
c
h

t
h
e
y

a
r
e

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
B
C
R
C
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l

P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
W
a
s
t
e

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

a
t

s
o
u
r
c
e

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

p
l
a
n
t
s
.

T
h
e

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n

o
f

b
e
s
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

7
2
.

C
a
r
r
y

o
u
t

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

t
h
a
t

w
i
l
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
,

e
d
u
c
a
t
e

a
n
d

p
r
o
t
e
c
t

w
a
s
t
e

h
a
n
d
l
e
r
s

a
n
d

s
m
a
l
l
-
s
c
a
l
e

r
e
c
y
c
l
e
r
s

f
r
o
m

t
h
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

o
f

h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g

a
n
d

r
e
c
y
c
l
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

w
a
s
t
e
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
U
n
i
t
e
d

N
a
t
i
o
n
s

D
i
s
a
s
t
e
r
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

T
e
a
m

U
n
i
t
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
,

e
d
u
c
a
t
e

a
n
d

p
r
o
t
e
c
t

w
a
s
t
e

h
a
n
d
l
e
r
s

a
n
d

s
m
a
l
l
-
s
c
a
l
e

r
e
c
y
c
l
e
r
s

a
r
e

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t
.

P
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r

a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n

t
o

w
a
s
t
e

p
i
c
k
e
r
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

a
c
t
o
r
s

i
n

t
h
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
l

r
e
c
y
c
l
i
n
g

s
e
c
t
o
r

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
7
3
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

w
a
s
t
e

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

b
y

e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
i
n
g

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

r
e
u
s
a
b
l
e
/
r
e
c
y
c
l
a
b
l
e

c
o
n
s
u
m
e
r

g
o
o
d
s

a
n
d

b
i
o
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
l
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

a
n
d

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

t
h
e

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

r
e
u
s
a
b
l
e
/
r
e
c
y
c
l
a
b
l
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
r

g
o
o
d
s

a
n
d

b
i
o
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
l
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s
E
c
o
-
d
e
s
i
g
n
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

56
57
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
58
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

7
4
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

t
o

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

m
a
j
o
r

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

f
o
r

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y

p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
n
e
s
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

t
o

a
l
l

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

n
a
t
u
r
a
l

d
i
s
a
s
t
e
r
s

i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
U
n
i
t
e
d

N
a
t
i
o
n
s

D
i
s
a
s
t
e
r

A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

T
e
a
m
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
n
d

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

t
o

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

m
a
j
o
r

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

f
o
r

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y

p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
n
e
s
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
L
O

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

1
7
4
,

P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

o
f

M
a
j
o
r

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l

A
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

O
E
C
D

p
r
o
j
e
c
t

o
n

s
a
f
e
t
y

p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

U
N
E
P

A
P
E
L
L

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e

C
E
F
I
C

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

Q
u
a
l
i
t
y

A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

S
y
s
t
e
m

f
o
r

r
o
a
d

a
n
d

r
a
i
l

t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

s
a
f
e
t
y

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

t
h
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g

o
f

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
P
o
i
s
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

7
5
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

a
n

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m

f
o
r

r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g

t
o

r
e
q
u
e
s
t
s

f
r
o
m

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d

b
y

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

A
n

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m

t
o

r
e
s
p
o
n
d

t
o

r
e
q
u
e
s
t
s

f
r
o
m

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d

b
y

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
D
e
s
i
g
n

o
f

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m

7
6
.

M
i
n
i
m
i
z
e

t
h
e

o
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e

o
f

p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g
s

a
n
d

d
i
s
e
a
s
e
s

c
a
u
s
e
d

b
y

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
O
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e

o
f

p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g
s

a
n
d

d
i
s
e
a
s
e
s

c
a
u
s
e
d

b
y

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
s

r
e
d
u
c
e
d

a
n
d

m
e
d
i
c
a
l

s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

B
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

a
r
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

t
o

c
o
l
l
e
c
t

a
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e

d
a
t
a

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
F
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

t
o

m
i
t
i
g
a
t
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

i
m
p
a
c
t
s

o
f

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
7
7
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

f
o
r

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

d
a
t
a
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

b
y
,

f
o
r

e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,

t
y
p
e

o
f

p
o
i
s
o
n
,

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

i
d
e
n
t
i
t
y
,

s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,

u
s
e

o
r

f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
S
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

d
a
t
a

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

a
r
e

u
s
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

O
E
C
D

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
2

2
0
1
0
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

57
58
59
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

R
I
S
K

R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

1
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

7
8
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

g
a
p
s

i
n

t
h
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

s
a
f
e
t
y

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

t
o

t
h
e

o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
-
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
G
a
p
s

i
n

t
h
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

s
a
f
e
t
y

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

t
o

t
h
e

o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
-
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
,

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
.

G
a
p
s

a
r
e

f
i
l
l
e
d
.
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
7
9
.

D
e
s
i
g
n
,

s
i
t
e

a
n
d

e
q
u
i
p

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

p
r
o
t
e
c
t

a
g
a
i
n
s
t

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

s
a
b
o
t
a
g
e
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

a
r
e

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
g
a
i
n
s
t

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

s
a
b
o
t
a
g
e
.
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

58
59
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
60
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

8
0
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

a
n
d

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

t
a
r
g
e
t
e
d

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
o

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

a
n
d

i
m
p
a
c
t
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

s
o
c
i
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

i
m
p
a
c
t
s

a
n
d

c
h
r
o
n
i
c

a
n
d

s
y
n
e
r
g
i
s
t
i
c

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
n

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

S
y
s
t
e
m
s

t
o

m
o
n
i
t
o
r

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

a
n
d

s
o
c
i
o

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

i
m
p
a
c
t
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

o
f

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s

a
r
e

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d

a
n
d

r
e
m
e
d
i
a
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
8
1
.

E
v
a
l
u
a
t
e

w
h
e
t
h
e
r

d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t

s
e
g
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

t
h
e

p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

(
e
.
g
.
,

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,

w
o
m
e
n
)

h
a
v
e

d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t

s
u
s
c
e
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
n
d
/
o
r

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

o
n

a

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
-
b
y
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

b
a
s
i
s

i
n

o
r
d
e
r

o
f

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

o
f

v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
l
e

g
r
o
u
p
s

h
a
v
e

b
e
e
n

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
8
2
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p
,

v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e

a
n
d

s
h
a
r
e

r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
,

a
f
f
o
r
d
a
b
l
e

a
n
d

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l

a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

f
o
r

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

f
o
r

w
h
i
c
h

t
h
e
r
e

i
s

s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t

c
o
n
c
e
r
n

i
n

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

m
e
d
i
a

a
n
d

b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

s
a
m
p
l
e
s
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

a

t
a
r
g
e
t
e
d

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

a
s
s
e
s
s

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r

l
e
v
e
l
s

o
f

a

d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
n
t
s

i
n

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
)
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
N
G
O
s
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

a
r
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

a
n
d

d
a
t
a
8
3
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

t
o

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

a
n
d

a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
e

i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
,

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

t
h
a
t

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
)
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

59
60
61
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

8
4
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
t
o

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

l
e
s
s

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e

i
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e

a
n
d

l
e
s
s

p
o
l
l
u
t
i
n
g
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
)
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
s

a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d

a
n
d

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

a
r
e

i
n

u
s
e
.

R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
8
5
.

C
o
l
l
e
c
t

d
a
t
a

o
n

t
h
e

u
s
e

p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

f
o
r

w
h
i
c
h

t
h
e
r
e

i
s

a

r
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e

b
a
s
i
s

o
f

c
o
n
c
e
r
n

w
h
e
r
e

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
o

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
)

S
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

d
a
t
a

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
D
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

a
r
e

a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
l
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
8
6
.

D
e
s
i
g
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

e
n
a
b
l
e

i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
o
r
s

f
r
o
m

l
e
s
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
o

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e

i
n

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
r
e

d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
.

M
o
d
e
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
8
7
.

F
i
l
l

g
a
p
s

i
n

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

(
e
.
g
.
,

g
a
p
s

i
n

u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g

o
f

e
n
d
o
c
r
i
n
e

d
i
s
r
u
p
t
o
r
s
)
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

G
a
p
s

i
n

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

a
r
e

f
i
l
l
e
d
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

l
o
n
g
-
r
a
n
g
e

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
H
a
z
a
r
d

d
a
t
a

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
8
8
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s

t
o

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

a
i
m
e
d

a
t

t
h
e

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
,

c
o
m
p
i
l
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

d
a
t
a
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
P
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

f
a
r
m
e
r

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
P
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s

t
o

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

a
i
m
e
d

a
t

t
h
e

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

d
a
t
a

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

a
r
e

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
e
d
.
O
E
C
D

H
i
g
h

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

V
o
l
u
m
e

C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

60
61
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
62
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

8
9
.

G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e

a
n
d

s
h
a
r
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

d
e
t
a
i
l
i
n
g

t
h
e

i
n
h
e
r
e
n
t

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

o
f

a
l
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
,

g
i
v
i
n
g

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

t
o

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

t
h
o
s
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

h
a
v
e

t
h
e

g
r
e
a
t
e
s
t

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

f
o
r

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l

o
r

s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)

N
G
O
s
P
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

f
a
r
m
e
r

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
2
0
0
8
H
a
z
a
r
d

d
a
t
a

i
s

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

a
n
d

m
a
d
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

o
n

a
l
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

u
s
e

i
n

a

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
G
H
S
O
E
C
D

H
i
g
h

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

V
o
l
u
m
e

C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

s
h
o
u
l
d

b
e

s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
,

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
,

v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
d

a
n
d

s
h
a
r
e
d

t
o

a
v
o
i
d

d
u
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
v
e

t
e
s
t
i
n
g
.

F
o
r

t
h
e

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

n
e
w

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
s

i
n

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
h
a
t

r
e
d
u
c
e

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

a
n
i
m
a
l
s

f
o
r

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

s
h
o
u
l
d

b
e

a
p
p
l
i
e
d
.
U
s
e

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
,

w
h
e
r
e

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
,

t
o

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

t
i
m
e
l
y

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
W
h
e
n

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g

t
h
e

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

s
h
o
u
l
d

b
e

g
i
v
e
n

t
o

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

t
h
o
s
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

h
a
v
e

g
r
e
a
t
e
s
t

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

f
o
r

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l

o
r

s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
.
9
0
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

n
o
t

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

i
n

h
i
g
h

v
o
l
u
m
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
P
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
,

e
.
g
.
,

f
a
r
m
e
r

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

l
a
t
e
r
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

n
o
t

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

i
n

h
i
g
h

v
o
l
u
m
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

e
x
p
e
r
t
s

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

b
u
d
g
e
t
s

U
s
e

o
f

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
/
i
m
p
o
r
t

v
o
l
u
m
e

i
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
i
e
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e

a
n
d

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

o
r

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

o
t
h
e
r

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

s
u
c
h

a
s

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

a
n
d

t
o

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
'
s

o
w
n

61
62
63
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

9
1
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

I
P
C
S

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

c
a
r
d
s

(
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

c
a
r
d
s
,

o
r

I
C
S
C
s
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
P
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

f
a
r
m
e
r

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
I
P
C
S

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

c
a
r
d
s

a
r
e

u
s
e
d
.

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

i
n

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
9
2
.

A
g
r
e
e

t
o

t
i
m
e

f
r
a
m
e
s

f
o
r

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
,

i
n

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

w
i
t
h

o
t
h
e
r

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
,

t
o

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

h
i
g
h
-
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

v
o
l
u
m
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

n
o
t

a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
d

u
n
d
e
r

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
s
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)

T
i
m
e

f
r
a
m
e
s

a
r
e

a
g
r
e
e
d

f
o
r

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

t
o

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

h
i
g
h
-
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

v
o
l
u
m
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

n
o
t

a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
d

u
n
d
e
r

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
s
.
O
E
C
D

H
i
g
h

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

V
o
l
u
m
e

C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
9
3
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

o
f

g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
b
l
e

g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s

o
n

t
h
e

r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e

r
o
l
e
s
,

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

a
n
d

a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
,

p
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g

a
n
d

i
m
p
o
r
t
i
n
g

e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
s

a
n
d

s
u
p
p
l
i
e
r
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g

t
h
e

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)
G
H
S

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.

9
4
.

F
u
r
t
h
e
r

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e

d
a
t
a

f
o
r
m
a
t
s

f
o
r

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
G
H
S

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.

H
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

d
a
t
a

f
o
r
m
a
t
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

a
r
e

i
n

u
s
e
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

62
63
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
64
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

9
5
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s

o
n

t
i
e
r
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
o

a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g

s
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

n
o
t

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

i
n

h
i
g
h

v
o
l
u
m
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
i
e
r
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
o

a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g

s
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

n
o
t

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

i
n

h
i
g
h

v
o
l
u
m
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
9
6
.

I
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

f
o
r

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

s
u
c
h

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

n
o
t

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
i
l
y

b
a
s
e
d

o
n

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

v
o
l
u
m
e

b
u
t
,

e
.
g
.
,

b
u
i
l
d

o
n

s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
o

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

f
o
r

h
a
z
a
r
d

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

9
7
.

E
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

e
a
c
h

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

i
s

t
e
s
t
e
d

b
y

r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
d

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

a
n
d

t
e
s
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

t
o

e
n
a
b
l
e

a

f
u
l
l

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
t
s

e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
,

b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
,

f
a
t
e
,

h
a
z
a
r
d

a
n
d

r
i
s
k
,

w
i
t
h

r
e
s
p
e
c
t

t
o

a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
d

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s

i
n

r
e
g
i
o
n
s

o
r

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
h
e
r
e

i
t

i
s

u
s
e
d
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

R
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
d

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
a
n
d

t
e
s
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
T
e
s
t
i
n
g

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

v
e
r
i
f
y

q
u
a
l
i
t
y

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
e
n
t
s

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

o
f
f
e
r
e
d

f
o
r

s
a
l
e
P
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
9
8
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

t
o

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e

n
e
w

s
c
i
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,

b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

o
n

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

f
o
r

u
s
i
n
g

n
e
w

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

b
y

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
.

N
e
w

s
c
i
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

i
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
s

b
e
i
n
g

u
s
e
d
.

O
E
C
D

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e

G
l
o
b
a
l

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

f
o
r
u
m
s
U
N
I
D
O

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e

f
o
r

a
l
l

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
9
9
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

h
a
z
a
r
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e

O
E
C
D

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e

o
n

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

h
a
z
a
r
d

d
a
t
a

G
H
S
1
0
0
.

P
r
e
p
a
r
e

s
a
f
e
t
y

d
a
t
a

s
h
e
e
t
s

a
n
d

l
a
b
e
l
s
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
G
H
S

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.

R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

C
a
r
e

I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
0
8

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
0
8

63
64
65
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
0
1
.

C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

G
H
S

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

a
n
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

a
n
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s

(
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

G
H
S

a
c
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
,

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

t
o
o
l
s
)

a
n
d

m
a
k
e

t
h
e
m

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
2
0
0
7
A
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

h
a
v
e

p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

G
H
S
.
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

S
h
a
r
i
n
g

o
f

t
h
e

r
e
s
u
l
t
s

o
f

p
i
l
o
t

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

a

r
o
s
t
e
r

o
f

G
H
S

e
x
p
e
r
t
s

w
h
o

c
a
n

p
r
o
v
i
d
e

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

o
n

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

o
n

t
h
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

G
H
S

c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,

l
a
b
e
l
l
i
n
g
,

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

d
a
t
a

s
h
e
e
t
s
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
1
0
2
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a
r
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

t
i
m
e
l
y

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

w
h
a
t

i
s

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
o

o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e

b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

(
e
.
g
.
,

p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

l
o
c
a
l

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
)
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

h
a
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

l
o
c
a
l

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

G
H
S
U
s
e

o
f

a
r
t
i
c
l
e

1
4

o
f

t
h
e

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

t
o

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
n

t
o
x
i
c
o
l
o
g
y
,

e
c
o
t
o
x
i
c
o
l
o
g
y

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

1
0
3
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g

a

c
l
e
a
r
i
n
g
-
h
o
u
s
e

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

t
o

o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
A

c
l
e
a
r
i
n
g
-
h
o
u
s
e

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
D
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

f
e
a
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
1
0
4
.

E
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

a
l
l

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

f
r
o
m

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

h
a
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

t
h
e

I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t

a
n
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

i
t
s

u
s
e
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
)

A
l
l

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

f
r
o
m

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

h
a
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

t
h
e

I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t

a
n
d

a
r
e

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

i
n

i
t
s

u
s
e
.

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

64
65
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
66
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
0
5
.

E
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e

b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

o
r
d
e
r

t
o

e
n
h
a
n
c
e

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
m
o
n
g

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
,

s
u
b
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
,

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
A
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

h
a
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
I
N
F
O
C
A
P
E
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
1
0
6
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

t
h
e

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
m
o
n
g

t
h
e

a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
,

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
,

g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

s
e
c
t
o
r
s
.

A
c
a
d
e
m
i
a
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
E
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
m
o
n
g

t
h
e

a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
,

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
,

g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

s
e
c
t
o
r
s

o
c
c
u
r
s

f
r
e
e
l
y
.

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
1
0
7
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

t
o

e
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

a
n
y

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l

p
u
t

i
n
t
o

c
i
r
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

a
c
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
d
,

a
t

a

m
i
n
i
m
u
m
,

b
y

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

a
n
d

r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e

s
a
f
e
t
y

d
a
t
a

s
h
e
e
t
s

w
h
i
c
h

p
r
o
v
i
d
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

t
h
a
t

i
s

e
a
s
y

t
o

a
c
c
e
s
s
,

r
e
a
d

a
n
d

u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
,

t
a
k
i
n
g

i
n
t
o

a
c
c
o
u
n
t

G
H
S
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

2
0
0
8
G
H
S

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.

O
E
C
D

H
i
g
h

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

V
o
l
u
m
e

C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

C
a
r
e

I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
1
0
8
.

A
r
t
i
c
l
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

c
o
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

s
h
o
u
l
d

a
l
l

b
e

a
c
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
d

b
y

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

u
s
e
r
s
,

w
o
r
k
-
p
l
a
c
e
s

a
n
d

a
t

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l

s
i
t
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
A
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

h
a
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.

G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

t
o

b
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

i
n

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s

1
0
9
.

I
m
p
r
o
v
e

t
h
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

b
a
s
e
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

v
i
a

e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c

m
e
d
i
a

s
u
c
h

a
s

t
h
e

I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t

a
n
d

C
D

R
O
M
s
,

i
n

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
,

e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
a
t

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

r
e
a
c
h
e
s

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

t
a
r
g
e
t

g
r
o
u
p
s

t
o

e
n
a
b
l
e

t
h
e
i
r

e
m
p
o
w
e
r
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

e
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
e
i
r

r
i
g
h
t

t
o

k
n
o
w
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

O
E
C
D
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

A
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

h
a
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

65
66
67
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
1
0
.

I
n
c
l
u
d
e

a

r
a
n
g
e

o
f

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
,

e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

a
n
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

i
n

r
i
s
k

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

R
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

1
1
1
.

F
o
r

a
l
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
,

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

d
e
t
a
i
l
i
n
g

t
h
e
i
r

i
n
h
e
r
e
n
t

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

s
h
o
u
l
d

b
e

m
a
d
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

t
h
e

p
u
b
l
i
c

a
t

n
o

c
h
a
r
g
e

a
n
d

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

w
h
e
r
e

n
e
e
d
e
d

w
i
t
h

e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h
,

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

m
a
d
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.

O
t
h
e
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

s
h
o
u
l
d

b
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

t
o

a

b
a
l
a
n
c
e

k
n
o
w

a
n
d

t
h
e

n
e
e
d

t
o

p
r
o
t
e
c
t

v
a
l
i
d

c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l

b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

l
e
g
i
t
i
m
a
t
e

p
r
o
p
r
i
e
t
a
r
y

i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)
2
0
0
8
G
H
S

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

o
f

a
n

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
e
p
o
s
i
t
o
r
y

o
n

h
a
z
a
r
d

d
a
t
a

(
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h
,

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
)

t
h
a
t

w
i
l
l

b
e

a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
l
e

f
r
e
e

o
f

c
h
a
r
g
e
A
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

o
t
h
e
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

b
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g

t
h
e

t
h
e

n
e
e
d

t
o

p
r
o
t
e
c
t

v
a
l
i
d

c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l

b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

l
e
g
i
t
i
m
a
t
e

p
r
o
p
r
i
e
t
a
r
y

i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s

1
1
2
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

f
o
r

c
o
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
,

i
n

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r

b
y

e
d
u
c
a
t
i
n
g

t
h
e
m

o
n

b
e
s
t

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

u
s
e
,

a
b
o
u
t

t
h
e

r
i
s
k
s

t
h
a
t

t
h
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
e
y

u
s
e

p
o
s
e

t
o

t
h
e
m
s
e
l
v
e
s

a
n
d

t
h
e
i
r

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

t
h
e

p
a
t
h
w
a
y
s

b
y

w
h
i
c
h

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s

o
c
c
u
r
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
C
o
n
s
u
m
e
r

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

1
1
3
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
-
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

o
n

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

b
o
r
d
e
r

a
r
e
a
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

t
h
e

p
u
b
l
i
c
'
s

r
i
g
h
t

t
o

p
u
b
l
i
c
'
s

r
i
g
h
t

t
o

k
n
o
w

a
n
d

66
67
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
68
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
1
4
.

I
m
p
r
o
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
,

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
,

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

s
a
f
e
r

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

a
c
a
d
e
m
i
a
.
R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l

P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l

N
G
O
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
/
l
a
b
o
u
r
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
a
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
,

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y

h
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
,

a
n
d

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

s
a
f
e
r

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

i
s

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.
R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

D
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
s
1
1
5
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

a
n
d

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

a
n
d

e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
e

w
i
t
h
i
n

a
n
d

a
m
o
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

b
y

b
o
t
h

t
h
e

p
u
b
l
i
c

a
n
d

p
r
i
v
a
t
e

s
e
c
t
o
r
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

O
E
C
D
)
S
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

a
n
d

e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
e

w
i
t
h
i
n

a
n
d

a
m
o
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

b
y

b
o
t
h

t
h
e

p
u
b
l
i
c

a
n
d

p
r
i
v
a
t
e

s
e
c
t
o
r
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
1
1
6
.

F
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

r
e
s
u
l
t
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

(
b
o
t
h

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

n
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
)

a
n
d

c
r
o
p

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

b
y

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

u
s
e
r
s
,

t
h
o
s
e

e
x
p
o
s
e
d

t
o

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
n
d

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

r
e
s
u
l
t
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

(
b
o
t
h

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

n
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
)

a
n
d

c
r
o
p

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

b
y

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

u
s
e
r
s
,

t
h
o
s
e

e
x
p
o
s
e
d

t
o

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
n
d

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s

a
r
e

a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
l
e

t
o

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.
S
y
s
t
e
m

t
o

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
H
i
g
h
l
y

t
o
x
i
c

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

r
i
s
k

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
1
1
7
.

E
v
a
l
u
a
t
e

t
h
e

e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
n
d

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

a
n
d

p
l
a
n
n
e
d

b
y

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
,

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
,

t
h
e

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
,

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e

a
n
d

t
r
a
d
e

s
e
c
t
o
r
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

N
G
O
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e

t
h
e

e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y

o
f

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
n
d

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

p
e
s
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.

O
E
C
D

r
i
s
k

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

67
68
69
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

C
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

1
1
8
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
t
o

i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e

m
e
a
n
s

o
f

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
o
s
e

i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g

w
a
s
t
e

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a
l
l

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

s
e
c
t
o
r
s
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y

f
r
i
e
n
d
l
y

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

a
r
e

u
s
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

s
e
c
t
o
r
s
.
S
u
p
p
o
r
t

f
o
r

a

c
u
l
t
u
r
e

o
f

i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
1
1
9
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

t
h
a
t

t
a
k
e

i
n
t
o

a
c
c
o
u
n
t

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

l
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

e
m
p
h
a
s
i
z
i
n
g

f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d

p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s
,

t
a
k
i
n
g

i
n
t
o

a
c
c
o
u
n
t

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

l
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y

r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g

f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d

p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
,

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

L
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

L
i
f
e

c
y
c
l
e
1
2
0
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

m
a
t
t
e
r
s

o
f

p
o
l
i
c
y

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

l
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

i
s
s
u
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

t
h
a
t

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
s
s
u
e
s

i
n
t
o

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

f
o
r

f
o
o
d

s
a
f
e
t
y
,

w
a
t
e
r

a
n
d

m
a
r
i
n
e

e
c
o
s
y
s
t
e
m

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

h
e
a
l
t
h
,

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y
,

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

a
d
o
p
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
s
s
u
e
s

i
n
t
o

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

f
o
r

f
o
o
d

s
a
f
e
t
y
,

w
a
t
e
r

a
n
d

m
a
r
i
n
e

e
c
o
s
y
s
t
e
m

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

h
e
a
l
t
h
,

o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y
,

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

68
69
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
70
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
2
1
.

U
t
i
l
i
z
e

t
h
e

l
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

c
o
n
c
e
p
t

t
o

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

g
a
p
s

i
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

r
e
g
i
m
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

a
n
d

t
o

d
e
s
i
g
n

a
c
t
i
o
n
s

t
o

a
d
d
r
e
s
s

g
a
p
s

i
n

o
r
d
e
r

t
o

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

m
a
n
a
g
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
,

u
n
i
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
o
x
i
c

e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

w
a
s
t
e
s

a
t

t
h
e

m
o
s
t

a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
o
u
s

p
o
i
n
t

i
n

t
h
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

l
i
f
e

c
y
c
l
e
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
N
G
O
s
T
h
e

l
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

c
o
n
c
e
p
t

i
s

u
s
e
d

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
1
2
2
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

t
h
a
t

a
r
e

e
i
t
h
e
r

d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
l
e

a
n
d

a
r
e

r
e
t
u
r
n
e
d

t
o

n
a
t
u
r
e

a
f
t
e
r

u
s
e

o
r

a
t

e
n
d

u
s
e

a
r
e

r
e
c
y
c
l
e
d

a
s

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l

f
e
e
d
s
t
o
c
k
s

t
o

p
r
o
d
u
c
e

n
e
w

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
)

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

a
r
e

p
r
o
m
o
t
e
d
.

R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
1
2
3
.

I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

l
i
f
e
-
c
y
c
l
e

i
s
s
u
e
s

i
n

s
c
h
o
o
l

c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
a
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
L
i
f
e

c
y
c
l
e

i
s
s
u
e
s

a
r
e

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d

i
n

s
c
h
o
o
l

c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
a
.

E
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
e

i
n

c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
s
1
2
4
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

a

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

P
R
T
R
/
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n

i
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y

d
e
s
i
g
n

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g

a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
e
d

p
a
r
t
i
e
s
.

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

I
G
O
s

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
,

S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
P
R
T
R
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
i
r
c
u
m
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

a
n
d

n
e
e
d
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

D
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
l
e

o
r

r
e
c
y
c
l
e
d

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

P
R
T
R
s
-
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

69
70
71
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
2
5
.

U
s
e

P
R
T
R
s

t
a
i
l
o
r
e
d

t
o

v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s

a
s

a

s
o
u
r
c
e

o
f

v
a
l
u
a
b
l
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

f
o
r

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
,

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

t
h
e

p
u
b
l
i
c

a
n
d

a
s

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

s
t
i
m
u
l
a
t
e

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
s

i
n

e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

A
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

h
a
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

P
R
T
R

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
E
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

r
e
d
u
c
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
1
2
6
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

m
a
n
u
a
l
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

g
u
i
d
e
s

t
o

e
x
p
l
a
i
n

i
n

a

s
i
m
p
l
e

f
o
r
m

t
h
e

b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

b
y

a

r
e
g
i
s
t
r
y

a
n
d

t
h
e

s
t
e
p
s

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

o
n
e
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

g
u
i
d
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
1
2
7
.

M
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e
r
s
,

i
m
p
o
r
t
e
r
s

a
n
d

f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
o
r
s

s
h
o
u
l
d

a
s
s
e
s
s

d
a
t
a

a
n
d

p
r
o
v
i
d
e

a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e

a
n
d

r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

t
o

u
s
e
r
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
2
0
0
8
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e
r
s
,

i
m
p
o
r
t
e
r
s

a
n
d

f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
o
r
s

f
u
l
f
i
l

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

a
s
s
e
s
s

t
h
e
i
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

a
n
d

i
n
f
o
r
m

u
s
e
r
s
.
1
2
8
.

R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

p
u
b
l
i
c

a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

s
h
o
u
l
d

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

g
e
n
e
r
a
l

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
1
2
9
.

C
a
r
r
y

o
u
t

h
a
z
a
r
d

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
s

i
n

a
c
c
o
r
d
a
n
c
e

w
i
t
h

t
h
e

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y

r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

2
0
0
8
G
H
S

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

M
a
n
u
a
l
s

a
n
d

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

70
71
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
72
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
3
0
.

H
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e

p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s

a
n
d

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,

e
.
g
.
,

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

f
o
r

v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
l
e

g
r
o
u
p
s
,

f
o
r

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

t
o
x
i
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

e
n
d
p
o
i
n
t
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

c
a
r
c
i
n
o
g
e
n
i
c
i
t
y
,
i
m
m
u
n
o
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y
,

e
n
d
o
c
r
i
n
e

d
i
s
r
u
p
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

e
c
o
t
o
x
i
c
o
l
o
g
y
,

f
o
r

n
e
w

t
o
o
l
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
r
e

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

f
o
r

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

t
a
r
g
e
t

g
r
o
u
p
s
.

H
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
e
r
m
i
n
o
l
o
g
y

u
s
e
d

i
n

h
a
z
a
r
d

a
n
d

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

U
s
e

o
f

m
o
l
e
c
u
l
a
r

e
p
i
d
e
m
i
o
l
o
g
y
,

c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

d
a
t
a

a
n
d

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s

i
n

t
o
x
i
c
o
g
e
n
o
m
i
c
s

a
n
d

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

t
o

r
e
a
l
-
l
i
f
e

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
,

e
.
g
.
,

a
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
/
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
,

u
s
e

o
f

s
i
m
p
l
e

a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

f
o
r

i
n
-
f
i
e
l
d

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

1
3
1
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

g
a
p
s

i
n

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
e
w

t
o
o
l
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
s
,

b
e
t
t
e
r

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

t
o

e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e

t
h
e

i
m
p
a
c
t
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

i
n

r
e
a
l
-
l
i
f
e

s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

t
h
e

a
b
i
l
i
t
y

t
o

a
c
c
e
s
s
,

i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t

a
n
d

a
p
p
l
y

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

o
n

r
i
s
k
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

t
o
o
l
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

u
s
e
d
.

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

1
3
2
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

g
a
p
s

i
n

t
h
e

s
t
u
d
y

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

p
a
t
h
w
a
y
s

a
n
d

o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

p
a
t
h
w
a
y

i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

(
e
.
g
.
,

i
n

f
o
o
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
)
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

p
a
t
h
w
a
y
s

a
n
d

o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

p
a
t
h
w
a
y

i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

1
3
3
.

F
u
r
t
h
e
r

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

u
s
i
n
g

t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
t

s
c
i
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

a
n
d

s
c
i
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d

r
i
s
k

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
,

t
a
k
i
n
g

i
n
t
o

a
c
c
o
u
n
t

t
h
e

p
r
e
c
a
u
t
i
o
n
a
r
y

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
N
G
O
s
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

A
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

r
i
s
k

2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

71
72
73
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
3
4
.

C
o
m
p
a
r
e

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

a
n
d

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

t
o

e
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

t
h
e
y

d
o

n
o
t

p
o
s
e

l
a
r
g
e
r

r
i
s
k
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
A

s
y
s
t
e
m

o
f

c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
1
3
5
.

F
i
l
l

g
a
p
s

i
n

a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

a
c
c
e
s
s
,

i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t

a
n
d

a
p
p
l
y

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

(
e
.
g
.
,

i
m
p
r
o
v
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

t
h
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s
,

r
i
s
k
s

a
n
d

s
a
f
e

u
s
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
,

i
n

f
o
r
m
s

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

t
o

e
n
d

u
s
e
r
s
,

a
n
d

i
m
p
r
o
v
e

u
s
e

o
f

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
)
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

W
H
O
)
A
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

h
a
v
e

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
G
H
S
1
3
6
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

c
o
m
m
o
n

p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s

f
o
r

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

f
o
r

p
e
r
f
o
r
m
i
n
g

a
n
d

r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y

f
o
r

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

i
s

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
1
3
7
.

I
m
p
r
o
v
e

u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g

o
f

t
h
e

i
m
p
a
c
t

o
f

n
a
t
u
r
a
l

d
i
s
a
s
t
e
r
s

o
n

r
e
l
e
a
s
e
s

o
f

h
a
r
m
f
u
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g

h
u
m
a
n

a
n
d

w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
,

a
s

w
e
l
l

a
s

p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

t
o

m
i
t
i
g
a
t
e

t
h
e
m
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

S
t
u
d
i
e
s

a
r
e

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n

t
o

i
m
p
r
o
v
e

u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g

o
f

t
h
e

i
m
p
a
c
t

o
f

n
a
t
u
r
a
l

d
i
s
a
s
t
e
r
s

o
n

r
e
l
e
a
s
e
s

o
f

h
a
r
m
f
u
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g

h
u
m
a
n

a
n
d

w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
.
R
e
s
u
l
t
s

a
r
e

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

t
o

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n

m
a
k
e
r
s
.

M
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

72
73
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
74
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
3
8
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a

m
e
a
n
s

o
f

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

a
n
d

u
p
d
a
t
i
n
g

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d

s
o
u
r
c
e
s

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

t
h
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

b
y

i
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
,

i
n

f
o
r
m
s

a
n
d

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s

s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e

f
o
r

u
s
e

b
y

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
/
l
a
b
o
u
r
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
M
e
a
n
s

o
f

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

a
n
d

u
p
d
a
t
i
n
g

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d

s
o
u
r
c
e
s

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

t
h
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

b
y

i
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
,

i
n

f
o
r
m
s

a
n
d

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s

s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e

f
o
r

u
s
e

b
y

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
,

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
G
H
S
1
3
9
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

o
n

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

a
n
d

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

g
e
a
r

i
s

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

i
s

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
1
4
0
.

M
a
k
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

f
r
o
m

i
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

r
e
a
d
i
l
y

a
n
d

c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
l
y

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

a
t

n
o

c
h
a
r
g
e

t
o

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s
,

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s

a
n
d

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

m
a
k
e

I
G
O

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

r
e
a
d
i
l
y

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
G
H
S
1
4
1
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

g
l
o
b
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s

i
n

t
h
e

s
h
a
r
i
n
g
,

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

a
n
d

d
e
l
i
v
e
r
y

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

(
e
.
g
.

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

I
N
F
O
C
A
P
)
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

g
l
o
b
a
l

n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

l
i
n
k
s

a
r
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
d
.
N
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

1
4
2
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

o
f

I
L
O

S
a
f
e
W
o
r
k

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l

a
n
d

t
h
e

r
a
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

1
7
0
,

1
7
4

a
n
d

1
8
4
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
L
O

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

1
7
0
,

1
7
4

a
n
d

1
8
4

a
r
e

r
a
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

b
y

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

I
L
O

S
a
f
e
W
o
r
k

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
0
8

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

73
74
75
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
4
3
.

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

a
n

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

t
h
e

s
a
f
e

u
s
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

t
h
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

b
y

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g

n
e
w

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

e
x
p
a
n
d
i
n
g

a
n
d

u
p
d
a
t
i
n
g

I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

a
n
d

l
i
n
k
i
n
g

t
h
e
m

t
o

v
a
r
i
o
u
s

o
t
h
e
r

a
c
t
i
o
n
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

t
h
o
s
e

a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d

w
i
t
h

c
o
d
e
s
,

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
,

e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
,

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

e
t
c
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

a
r
e

u
p
d
a
t
e
d

a
n
d

l
i
n
k
e
d

t
o

o
t
h
e
r

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s
.

I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
1
4
4
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

a
n
d

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

f
o
r

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
n
g

t
h
e

r
e
s
u
l
t
s

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

t
o

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s

a
n
d

s
t
i
p
u
l
a
t
e

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

r
o
l
e
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s
,

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s

a
n
d

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
n
g

t
h
e

r
e
s
u
l
t
s

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

t
o

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

I
P
C
S
O
E
C
D

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e

1
4
5
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s

f
r
o
m

t
h
e

a
d
v
e
r
s
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

d
i
a
l
o
g
u
e

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s

a
n
d

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s

t
o

m
a
x
i
m
i
z
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

o
n

s
a
f
e

u
s
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

74
75
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
76
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
4
6
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
-
s
a
f
e
t
y
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

a
m
o
n
g

s
o
c
i
a
l

p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s

a
n
d

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

p
u
b
l
i
c

m
e
d
i
a

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
-
s
a
f
e
t
y
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

G
H
S
1
4
7
.

S
t
r
e
s
s

t
h
e

i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e

o
f

s
e
c
t
o
r
s

(
f
o
r
m
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
l
)
,

i
.
e
.
,

t
h
a
t

t
h
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

t
o

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

s
h
o
u
l
d

b
e

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

f
o
r

t
h
e
m

t
o

p
r
o
t
e
c
t

t
h
e
i
r

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
s

w
e
l
l

a
s

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
G
H
S
I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
1
4
8
.

E
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

p
o
s
e
d

b
y

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

s
i
m
p
l
e
,

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l

m
e
t
h
o
d
s
,

i
n

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

b
a
n
d
i
n
g
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
.

I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
1
4
9
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

t
h
e

r
i
g
h
t

o
f

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s

t
o

r
e
f
u
s
e

t
o

w
o
r
k

i
n

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s

i
f

t
h
e
y

a
r
e

n
o
t

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

w
i
t
h

a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e

a
n
d

c
o
r
r
e
c
t

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
b
o
u
t

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
o

w
h
i
c
h

t
h
e
y

a
r
e

e
x
p
o
s
e
d

i
n

t
h
e
i
r

w
o
r
k

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

a
b
o
u
t

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

w
a
y
s

i
n

w
h
i
c
h

t
o

p
r
o
t
e
c
t

t
h
e
m
s
e
l
v
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
T
h
e

r
i
g
h
t

o
f

e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s

t
o

r
e
f
u
s
e

t
o

w
o
r
k

i
n

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

w
o
r
k
e
r
s
'
 
r
i
g
h
t

t
o

k
n
o
w

i
n

a
l
l

s
e
c
t
o
r
s

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

W
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

d
u
e

t
o

W
o
r
k
e
r
s
'

r
i
g
h
t

t
o

k
n
o
w

i
n

a
l
l

75
76
77
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
5
0
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
,
)
U
N
I
C
E
F
,
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
a
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

a
n
d

k
e
y

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

a
r
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

S
h
a
r
i
n
g

o
f

e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e

1
5
1
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

c
o
m
p
a
r
a
b
l
e

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

a
s

p
a
r
t

o
f

a

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

f
o
r

m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g

u
n
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e

r
i
s
k
s

t
o

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

N
G
O
s
A

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

d
a
t
a

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
,

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

h
e
a
l
t
h

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
1
5
2
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s

a
n
d

v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

w
h
e
n

l
e
v
e
l
s

o
r

c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
P
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s

a
n
d

v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
r
e

c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d

w
h
e
n

s
e
t
t
i
n
g

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y

a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e

l
e
v
e
l
s

o
r

c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

C
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

1
5
3
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

b
r
o
a
d

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y

d
i
r
e
c
t
e
d

t
o

t
h
e

h
e
a
l
t
h

o
f

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

y
o
u
n
g

f
a
m
i
l
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y

d
i
r
e
c
t
e
d

t
o

t
h
e

h
e
a
l
t
h

o
f

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

y
o
u
n
g

f
a
m
i
l
i
e
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

o
n

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

o
n

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
n

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

s
e
t
t
i
n
g

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y

a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s

h
e
a
l
t
h
.
76
77
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
78
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
5
4
.

I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y

u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g

o
f

t
h
e

l
a
b
e
l
l
i
n
g

s
y
s
t
e
m

o
f

G
H
S

i
n
t
o

s
c
h
o
o
l

a
n
d

u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y

c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
a
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
M
e
d
i
a

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
s

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

i
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d

i
n

s
c
h
o
o
l

a
n
d

u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y

c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
a

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

(
p
u
b
l
i
c

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
)
1
5
5
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

s
e
n
s
i
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

f
o
r

t
h
o
s
e

e
x
p
o
s
e
d

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
t

e
a
c
h

s
t
a
g
e

f
r
o
m

m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e

t
o

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l

(
c
r
o
p

g
r
o
w
e
r
s
,

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
,

e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t

a
g
e
n
t
s
,

e
t
c
.
)
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
)

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s

A
l
l

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

a
r
e

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

i
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
r
s

L
e
a
d

i
n

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e

1
5
6
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
t
o

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

a
d
d
i
t
i
v
e
s
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
L
e
a
d

i
n

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e

i
s

p
h
a
s
e
d

o
u
t

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
P
o
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

b
y

t
h
e

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

w
e
b
s
i
t
e
M
e
r
c
u
r
y

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
f

g
l
o
b
a
l

c
o
n
c
e
r
n
;

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

o
r

u
s
e
d

i
n

h
i
g
h

v
o
l
u
m
e
s
;

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

s
u
b
j
e
c
t

t
o

w
i
d
e

d
i
s
p
e
r
s
i
v
e

u
s
e
s
;

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
f

c
o
n
c
e
r
n

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l

1
5
7
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
t
o

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

f
o
r

o
t
h
e
r

l
e
a
d
-
b
a
s
e
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
a
A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

t
o

l
e
a
d

a
r
e

u
s
e
d

i
n

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
.

I
m
p
r
o
v
e
d

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

s
m
a
l
l
-
s
c
a
l
e

r
e
c
y
c
l
i
n
g

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

a
n
d

u
s
e
d
.
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

77
78
79
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
5
8
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

o
n

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

b
e
t
t
e
r

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

t
h
a
t

d
o

n
o
t

r
e
q
u
i
r
e

t
h
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
o
l
l
u
t
i
n
g

o
r

h
a
r
m
f
u
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.

A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
/
l
a
b
o
u
r
N
G
O
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

(
C
G
I
A
R

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r
s
)

a
n
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

B
e
t
t
e
r

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

t
h
a
t

d
o

n
o
t

r
e
q
u
i
r
e

t
h
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
,

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
S
o
u
n
d

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
1
5
9
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

e
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
y

s
o
u
n
d

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

p
e
s
t
s

a
n
d
,

w
h
e
r
e

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
,

v
e
c
t
o
r
s

f
o
r

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
b
l
e

d
i
s
e
a
s
e
s
.

A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
/
l
a
b
o
u
r
N
G
O
s
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

p
e
s
t
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
1
6
0
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
n

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

e
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

o
n

n
o
n
-
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

a
n
d

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

o
n

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

e
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

78
79
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
80
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E

A
N
D

I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

2
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

1
6
1
.

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

p
a
c
k
a
g
e
s

o
n

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
i
n
g

k
e
y

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

w
a
s
t
e

h
a
n
d
l
e
r
s

a
n
d

r
e
c
y
c
l
e
r
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l

P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
e
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

o
n

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

w
a
s
t
e

a
r
e

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
W
a
s
t
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

(
a
n
d

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
)
1
6
2
.

S
u
p
p
o
r
t

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

o
n

b
e
s
t

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

i
n

w
a
s
t
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g

i
n

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

w
a
s
t
e

d
i
v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
n
d

r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y

a
n
d

r
e
d
u
c
e
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

f
o
r

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
B
e
s
t

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

i
n

w
a
s
t
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

t
o

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e

w
a
s
t
e

d
i
v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
n
d

r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y

a
n
d

t
o

r
e
d
u
c
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
,

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
e
d

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
D
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
1
6
3
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

a
n
d

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

c
a
m
p
a
i
g
n
s

i
n

o
r
d
e
r

t
o

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

s
a
f
e

u
s
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
)
N
G
O
s
M
e
d
i
a

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
A
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

a
r
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

i
s
s
u
e
s
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
1
6
4
.

W
o
r
k

t
o

e
n
s
u
r
e

b
r
o
a
d

a
n
d

m
e
a
n
i
n
g
f
u
l

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

w
o
m
e
n
,

a
t

a
l
l

l
e
v
e
l
s

i
n

d
e
v
i
s
i
n
g

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
s

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s

a
n
d

i
n

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

a
n
d

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s

t
h
a
t

r
e
l
a
t
e

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C
A
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

w
o
m
e
n

a
t

a
l
l

l
e
v
e
l
s

a
r
e

i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d

i
n

d
e
v
i
s
i
n
g

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
s

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s

a
n
d

i
n

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

a
n
d

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s

t
h
a
t

r
e
l
a
t
e

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
79
80
81
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

t
o

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

g
a
p
s

a
n
d

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
e

a
c
t
i
o
n
s

1
6
5
.

H
a
v
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

m
u
l
t
i
-
s
e
c
t
o
r
a
l

a
n
d

m
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y

a
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)
A
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

h
a
v
e

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.
I
n
t
e
r
a
g
e
n
c
y

a
n
d

m
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
e
s
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l

i
n

a

f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e

m
a
n
n
e
r
1
6
6
.

W
i
t
h

r
e
g
a
r
d

t
o

t
h
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
:
D
e
v
e
l
o
p

c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s
;

F
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e

i
n
t
e
r
-
m
i
n
i
s
t
e
r
i
a
l

a
n
d

m
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
n
g

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
s
s
u
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s

i
n

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

m
e
e
t
i
n
g
s
;

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

o
u
t
l
i
n
i
n
g

s
t
r
a
-
t
e
g
i
c

g
o
a
l
s

a
n
d

m
i
l
e
s
t
o
n
e
s

t
o
w
a
r
d
s

r
e
a
c
h
i
n
g

t
h
e

J
o
h
a
n
-
n
e
s
b
u
r
g

S
u
m
m
i
t

2
0
2
0

g
o
a
l
;

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

s
a
f
e
t
y

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

s
y
s
t
e
m
s
;

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

t
o

m
o
b
i
l
i
z
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

a
n
d

t
o

r
a
i
s
e

t
h
e

i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e

p
l
a
c
e
d

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

w
i
t
h
i
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
;

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

o
f

s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
,

b
r
i
n
g
i
n
g

s
y
n
e
r
g
i
e
s

f
r
o
m

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
l
l

S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
A
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

h
a
v
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
o
v
e
r
t
y

e
r
a
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

p
l
a
n
s

R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e

a
n
d

b
e
s
t

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

m
i
n
i
s
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

i
n

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

80
81
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
82
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
6
7
.

S
u
p
p
o
r
t

e
f
f
o
r
t
s

t
o

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

a
n

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

t
o

t
h
e

s
a
f
e

u
s
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
t

t
h
e

w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e

b
y

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g

u
p

a
n
d

u
p
d
a
t
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

a
n
d

w
o
r
k
e
r
s
2
0
1
0

E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

f
o
l
l
o
w
-
u
p
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.
I
L
O

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

G
H
S
1
6
8
.

R
e
v
i
e
w

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
l
i
g
n

i
t

w
i
t
h

G
H
S

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
G
H
S

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
1
6
9
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

r
a
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

a
l
l

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

w
a
s
t
e
,

e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
i
n
g

a
n
d

i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g

p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s

a
n
d

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

(
e
.
g
.
,

S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,

I
L
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

I
M
O

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

s
u
c
h

a
s

t
h
e

T
B
T

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
)

a
n
d

e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
a
t

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n
t
o

p
l
a
c
e
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s
A
l
l

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

r
a
t
i
f
i
e
d

o
r

c
o
m
p
a
r
a
b
l
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
F
u
n
d
s

f
o
r

r
a
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

f
o
r

d
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

a
n
d

f
o
c
a
l

p
o
i
n
t
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

81
82
83
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
7
0
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

o
r

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
,

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

a
m
o
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

f
o
r

t
h
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

a
t

t
h
e

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
,

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

l
o
c
a
l

l
e
v
e
l
s
,

i
n

o
r
d
e
r

t
o

a
d
d
r
e
s
s

g
a
p
s

i
n

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

a
n
d

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
,

e
x
p
l
o
i
t

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

s
y
n
e
r
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
r
o
v
e

c
o
h
e
r
e
n
c
e
.
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s

o
f

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l

P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l

I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
d

a
n
d

r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s

a
r
e

s
t
r
e
a
m
l
i
n
e
d

f
o
r

a
l
l

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
.
P
l
a
n
s

f
o
r

e
x
p
l
o
i
t
i
n
g

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

s
y
n
e
r
g
i
e
s

a
t

a
l
l

l
e
v
e
l
s

a
m
o
n
g

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d

i
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g

o
f

s
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s

I
n
t
e
r
-
m
i
n
i
s
t
e
r
i
a
l

p
l
a
n
s

f
o
r

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

a
m
o
n
g

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
v
e
s

o
n

g
o
v
e
r
n
i
n
g

b
o
d
i
e
s

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

o
f

t
h
e

n
e
e
d

f
o
r

i
n
t
e
r
-
a
g
e
n
c
y

c
o
h
e
r
e
n
c
e
1
7
1
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
o

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

a
n
d

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

s
y
n
e
r
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

w
a
s
t
e

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

b
y

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
m
m
o
n

s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
.

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s

o
f

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
1
7
2
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
o
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

a
n
d

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s

o
f

u
s
i
n
g

t
h
e

B
a
s
e
l

a
n
d
/
o
r

S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

w
a
y
s

a
n
d

m
e
a
n
s

f
o
r

w
a
s
t
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l

o
f

w
a
s
t
e
s

o
f

r
e
c
l
a
i
m
e
d

o
z
o
n
e
-
d
e
p
l
e
t
i
n
g

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
e
d

u
n
d
e
r

t
h
e

M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l

P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
.
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s

o
f

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
82
83
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
84
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
7
3
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

p
i
l
o
t

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

t
o

p
u
r
s
u
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
o
c
a
l

p
o
i
n
t
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

(
R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m
,

S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m

a
n
d

B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l

P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
)

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

s
y
n
e
r
g
i
e
s

i
n

t
h
e
i
r

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
o
c
a
l

p
o
i
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
P
i
l
o
t

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

a
r
e

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t
.
R
e
s
u
l
t
s

a
r
e

p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.

T
e
r
m
s

o
f

r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e

1
7
4
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

g
a
p
s

a
t

t
h
e

d
o
m
e
s
t
i
c

l
e
v
e
l

i
n

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

l
a
w
s

a
n
d

p
o
l
i
c
y

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s

p
r
o
m
u
l
g
a
t
e
d

i
n

t
h
e

c
o
n
t
e
x
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

r
e
g
i
m
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

r
e
s
p
e
c
t

t
o

m
e
e
t
i
n
g

o
b
l
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
s

u
n
d
e
r

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
g
a
l
l
y

b
i
n
d
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s

o
f

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
G
a
p
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

t
o

f
i
l
l

g
a
p
s

a
r
e

p
u
t

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.

G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

o
n

c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a

f
o
r

t
h
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

g
a
p
s

1
7
5
.

E
n
s
u
r
e

c
o
h
e
r
e
n
c
e

w
i
t
h

t
h
e

p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d

B
a
l
i

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

P
l
a
n

f
o
r

T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

S
u
p
p
o
r
t

a
n
d

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
)
C
o
h
e
r
e
n
c
e

w
i
t
h

t
h
e

B
a
l
i

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

p
l
a
n

i
s

a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d
.

1
7
6
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e
,

w
h
e
n

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
,

t
h
e

f
u
r
t
h
e
r

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
(
U
N
E
P
)
A
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

i
s

r
e
a
c
h
e
d

o
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

f
u
r
t
h
e
r

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
e
e
d

f
o
r

f
u
r
t
h
e
r

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
s
1
7
7
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

t
h
e

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k

f
o
r

c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

P
R
T
R
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

U
N
E
C
E
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
A

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k

f
o
r

c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

P
R
T
R
s

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

P
R
T
R
s

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

P
R
T
R
s
-
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

83
84
85
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
7
8
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

a

p
o
l
i
t
i
c
a
l

c
o
n
s
e
n
s
u
s

i
n

f
a
v
o
u
r

o
f

p
u
b
l
i
c

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

P
u
b
l
i
c

a
c
c
e
s
s

t
o

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
1
7
9
.

M
a
n
a
g
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

f
r
o
m

P
R
T
R
s

s
o

t
h
a
t

r
i
s
k
s

a
r
e

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
d

i
n

a

t
i
m
e
l
y

a
n
d

a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e

f
a
s
h
i
o
n

w
i
t
h
o
u
t

u
n
d
u
l
y

a
l
a
r
m
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
u
b
l
i
c
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
i
m
e
l
y

a
n
d

a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

f
r
o
m

P
R
T
R
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
1
8
0
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s

i
n

t
h
e

c
o
n
t
e
x
t

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
r
a
d
e
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.

1
8
1
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

t
h
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

c
o
l
l
e
c
t

a
n
d

a
n
a
l
y
s
e

s
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

d
a
t
a
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
/
l
a
b
o
u
r
N
G
O
s
S
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

d
a
t
a

a
r
e

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
S
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
1
8
2
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

a
n
d

a
p
p
l
y

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
o

t
h
e

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

c
o
s
t
s

t
o

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h
,

s
o
c
i
e
t
y

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
h
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
,

c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

w
i
t
h

P
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e

1
6

o
f

t
h
e

R
i
o

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
S
t
u
d
i
e
s

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
o
s
t
s

a
r
e

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
f

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
t
s
U
N
E
P

1
8
3
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
n
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

f
o
r

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
n
t
o

s
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
.

I
O
M
C
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
S
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
t
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
f

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
t
s

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g

f
o
r

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

H
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5
84
85
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
86
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
8
4
.

I
n
c
l
u
d
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
s

o
n
e

o
f

t
h
e

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

i
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
o
v
e
r
t
y

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
y

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
s

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d

a
s

o
n
e

o
f

t
h
e

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

i
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
o
v
e
r
t
y

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
y

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e

o
n

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
1
8
5
.

E
n
h
a
n
c
e

e
f
f
o
r
t
s

t
o

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

v
a
l
u
e
s

o
f

c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

s
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

V
a
l
u
e
s

o
f

c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

s
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

s
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
1
8
6
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s

f
o
r

p
r
o
m
o
t
i
n
g

p
r
i
v
a
t
e
-
p
u
b
l
i
c

p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s

i
n

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

w
a
s
t
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
G
O
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
F
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
1
8
7
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

a

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k

t
o

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

a
c
t
i
v
e

i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

a
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

n
o
n
-
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
,

m
a
n
a
g
e
r
s
,

w
o
r
k
e
r
s

a
n
d

t
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

i
n

a
l
l

e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
s

 

p
r
i
v
a
t
e
,

p
u
b
l
i
c

a
n
d

c
i
v
i
l

s
e
r
v
i
c
e

(
f
o
r
m
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
l

s
e
c
t
o
r
)

 

i
n

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

w
a
s
t
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
A

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k

i
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
I
G
O

a
n
d

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

s
u
p
p
o
r
t
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
85
86
87
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
8
8
.

B
u
i
l
d

t
h
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

N
G
O
s
,

c
i
v
i
l

s
o
c
i
e
t
y

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
i
e
s

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

s
o

t
h
a
t

t
h
e
i
r

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

a
n
d

a
c
t
i
v
e

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
d
.

T
h
i
s

m
a
y

i
n
c
l
u
d
e

p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

a
n
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

o
f

N
G
O
s

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
r
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
d
.
1
8
9
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

u
s
e

o
f

v
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
y

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s

(
e
.
g
.
,

R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

C
a
r
e

a
n
d

F
A
O

C
o
d
e

o
f

C
o
n
d
u
c
t
)
.
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

C
a
r
e

a
n
d

t
h
e

F
A
O

C
o
d
e

o
f

C
o
n
d
u
c
t

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

1
9
0
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

s
o
c
i
a
l

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
a
f
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

a
l
l

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
h
a
t

r
e
d
u
c
e

h
u
m
a
n

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

r
i
s
k
s

f
o
r

a
l
l

a
n
d

d
o

n
o
t

s
i
m
p
l
y

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r

r
i
s
k
s

t
o

t
h
o
s
e

l
e
a
s
t

a
b
l
e

t
o

a
d
d
r
e
s
s

t
h
e
m
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
I
D
O
)
G
H
S

i
s

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

C
a
r
e

i
s

a
d
o
p
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
h
a
t

m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
S
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

t
h
a
t

e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

s
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

C
a
r
e

U
n
i
t
e
d

N
a
t
i
o
n
s

G
l
o
b
a
l

C
o
m
p
a
c
t
G
H
S
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a
l
l

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
c
r
o
s
s

t
h
e

l
i
f
e

c
y
c
l
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
1
9
1
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s

i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
c
r
o
s
s

t
h
e

p
r
o
d
u
c
t

c
h
a
i
n
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
S
y
s
t
e
m
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

t
h
a
t

e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

f
o
r

i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
m
o
t
e

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
1
9
2
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

w
i
t
h
i
n

t
h
e

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l

s
e
c
t
o
r

t
h
e

a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n

o
f

P
R
T
R
s

a
n
d

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

m
e
t
h
o
d
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
U
s
e

o
f

P
R
T
R
s

a
n
d

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

i
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

86
87
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
88
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

L
e
g
a
l
,

p
o
l
i
c
y

a
n
d

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
9
3
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

a

c
u
l
t
u
r
e

o
f

c
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
c
e

a
n
d

a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
n
d

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
G
E
F
,

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
,

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

s
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
A
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
1
9
4
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

p
o
l
i
c
y
,

l
a
w

a
n
d

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s

a
n
d

c
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
c
e

p
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
P
o
l
i
c
y
,

l
a
w

a
n
d

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s

a
n
d

c
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
c
e

p
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
1
9
5
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

m
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

b
o
d
i
e
s

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
o

p
r
o
v
i
d
e

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e

a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s

o
f

t
h
e
i
r

r
i
s
k
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
M
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

b
o
d
i
e
s

o
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
T
e
r
m
s

o
f

r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
1
9
6
.

E
x
p
l
o
r
e

i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e

c
o
n
s
u
l
t
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
,

s
u
c
h

a
s

m
e
d
i
a
t
e
d

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
,

w
i
t
h

a

v
i
e
w

t
o

f
i
n
d
i
n
g

c
o
m
m
o
n

g
r
o
u
n
d

a
n
d

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

a
m
o
n
g

a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d

s
e
c
t
o
r
s

o
f

s
o
c
i
e
t
y

o
n

c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l

i
s
s
u
e
s

t
h
a
t

i
m
p
e
d
e

e
f
f
o
r
t
s

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
G
O
s
C
o
n
s
u
l
t
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
T
e
r
m
s

o
f

r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
1
9
7
.

I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
e

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

e
n
h
a
n
c
e

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k

f
o
r

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
c
r
o
s
s

a
l
l

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

m
i
n
i
s
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n

o
f

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

l
e
g
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s

f
o
r

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

a
c
r
o
s
s

a
l
l

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

m
i
n
i
s
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
t
o

e
n
h
a
n
c
e

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
'
s

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
'
s

l
e
g
a
l

a
n
d

87
88
89
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

1
9
8
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
o

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e

t
h
e
i
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

n
o
r
m
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
D
P
)
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

n
o
r
m
s

a
r
e

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

S
a
f
e
t
y

n
o
r
m
s
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
L
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
n
d

c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
1
9
9
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

a
r
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
2
0
0
.

C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

p
e
r
i
o
d
i
c

q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
s

t
o

m
e
a
s
u
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

B
a
h
i
a

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
F
C
S
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
I
G
O
s
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

B
a
h
i
a

D
e
c
l
a
r
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

a

q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
S
t
o
c
k
t
a
k
i
n
g

o
n

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
2
0
1
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

f
o
r

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g

t
h
e

i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
n

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

O
E
C
D
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

f
o
r

d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
n
g

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
s

o
f

t
h
e

r
i
s
k
s

p
o
s
e
d

b
y

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

t
o

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
F
u
n
d
s
2
0
2
.

E
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s

a
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
s
s
u
e
s

a
r
e

c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d

w
i
t
h
i
n

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
m
p
a
c
t

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

c
o
v
e
r
i
n
g

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
r
e
a
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
G
E
F
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
v
e

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
r
e
a
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
e

u
s
e

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n

t
h
o
s
e

a
r
e
a
s
,

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

 
n
o

o
b
j
e
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
e
 

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s

f
o
r

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
m
p
a
c
t

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

s
e
i
s
m
i
c

s
u
r
v
e
y
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
r
e
a
s

2
0
3
.

E
v
a
l
u
a
t
e

t
h
e

d
i
s
p
e
r
s
i
o
n

o
f

p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t

r
e
l
e
a
s
e
s

(
a
i
r
,

w
a
t
e
r

a
n
d

g
r
o
u
n
d
)

i
n

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
r
e
a
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
D
i
s
p
e
r
s
i
o
n

o
f

p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s

t
o

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
r
e
a
s

i
s

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
2
0
1
0
–
2
0
1
5
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0
2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

"
"
88
89
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
90
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

i
n

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s

g
o
o
d
s
2
0
4
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,

d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g

o
f

l
a
w
s
,

j
u
d
i
c
i
a
l

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
n
d

t
h
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

o
f

c
u
s
t
o
m
s

a
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

a
n
d

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

s
h
i
p
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
F
C
S
)

W
C
O
I
n
t
e
r
p
o
l
O
P
C
W
B
a
s
e
l
,

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s
M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l

P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
u
s
t
o
m
s

a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,

d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
T
h
e

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

i
s

r
a
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

b
y

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
W
C
O

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

t
a
r
i
f
f

c
o
d
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
I
n

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
,

i
n

l
i
n
e

w
i
t
h

p
a
r
a
g
r
a
p
h

1

o
f

a
r
t
i
c
l
e

1
3

o
f

t
h
e

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

s
h
o
u
l
d

g
i
v
e

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

t
o

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s

t
a
k
e
n

b
y

W
C
O

m
e
m
b
e
r
s

a
i
m
i
n
g

a
t

t
h
e

a
s
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
t

o
f

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

s
y
s
t
e
m

c
o
d
e
s

t
o

c
e
r
t
a
i
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

f
a
l
l
i
n
g

u
n
d
e
r

t
h
e

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
t

o
r
g
a
n
i
c

p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s

a
n
d

e
n
a
b
l
i
n
g

t
h
e
i
r

c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n

t
o

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

c
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
c
e

d
a
t
a
.
T
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
2
0
5
.

E
n
s
u
r
e

m
u
t
u
a
l

s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

t
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,
U
N
I
T
A
R
)
T
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s

a
r
e

m
u
t
u
a
l
l
y

s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
v
e
.
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

t
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

a
n
d

p
o
l
i
c
y
-
m
a
k
e
r
s

a
t

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l
s

I
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

w
h
e
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
C
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

w
a
s
t
e

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

W
T
O

C
i
v
i
l

s
o
c
i
e
t
y

a
n
d

p
u
b
l
i
c

i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t

N
G
O

p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
2
0
6
.

I
n
c
l
u
d
e

c
i
v
i
l

s
o
c
i
e
t
y

r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
v
e
s

i
n

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
e
s

f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
,

c
a
r
r
y
i
n
g

o
u
t

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

S
A
I
C
M

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s
.
P
u
b
l
i
c

i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t

N
G
O
s
/
c
i
v
i
l

s
o
c
i
e
t
y

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
P
E
N
I
O
M
C
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
C
i
v
i
l

s
o
c
i
e
t
y

i
s

r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d

o
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
e
s
.

P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
2
0

89
90
91
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

3
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

t
o

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

g
a
p
s

a
n
d

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
e

a
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
0
7
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

a
n
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

f
o
r

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
G
E
F
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)
A
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

a
n
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

f
o
r

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s

i
s

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

90
91
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
92
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
0
8
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a

s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

i
n

o
r
d
e
r

t
o

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

t
h
e

p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

a
d
v
i
c
e

c
o
n
c
e
r
n
-
i
n
g

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
t

t
h
e

c
o
u
n
t
r
y

l
e
v
e
l

t
o

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
h
a
t

r
e
q
u
e
s
t

i
t
.

F
o
r

e
x
a
m
p
l
e
:
C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g

a

h
e
l
p

d
e
s
k

w
h
i
c
h

w
o
u
l
d

p
r
o
v
i
d
e

b
a
s
i
c

a
d
v
i
c
e

t
o

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d
/
o
r

r
e
f
e
r

r
e
q
u
e
s
t
s

t
o

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

s
o
u
r
c
e
s

(
p
o
l
i
c
y

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
,

e
x
p
e
r
t
s
,

d
a
t
a

b
a
n
k
s
,

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

e
t
c
)

o
f

e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
e
,

p
o
l
i
c
y

g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
,

f
u
n
d
i
n
g

a
n
d

g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
;

E
n
s
u
r
e

t
h
a
t

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

a
b
o
v
e

b
u
i
l
d
s

o
n

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

t
o
o
l
s

f
o
r

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

a
n
d

a
c
t
s

i
n

a

c
o
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y

w
a
y

t
o

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s
;

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
s

p
a
r
t

o
f

t
h
e

S
A
I
C
M

s
t
o
c
k
t
a
k
i
n
g

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s

t
o

e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e

t
h
e

u
s
e
f
u
l
n
e
s
s

o
f

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s
;
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

a

p
i
l
o
t

p
r
o
j
e
c
t

t
o

t
e
s
t

a
n
d

r
e
f
i
n
e

t
h
e

c
o
n
c
e
p
t

p
r
i
o
r

t
o

g
l
o
b
a
l

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
.

I
O
M
C
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t
:
2
0
0
6

2
0
1
0
O
n
g
o
i
n
g

o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
:

N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

r
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
n
g

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

r
e
q
u
e
s
t
s

r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
d

t
o

T
y
p
e
s

o
f

r
e
q
u
e
s
t

r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d

D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

a
s

p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d

i
n

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t

S
A
I
C
M
/
P
r
e
p
C
o
m
3
/
I
n
f
/
9
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

t
o

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
c
t
i
o
n
s
2
0
9
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

p
e
r
t
a
i
n
i
n
g

t
o

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
-
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
-
t
i
o
n

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

a
n
d

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r

t
o

s
u
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

a

v
i
e
w

t
o

a
d
d
r
e
s
-
s
i
n
g

t
h
e

w
i
d
e
n
i
n
g

g
a
p

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
.
I
O
M
C
G
E
F
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
F
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
,

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

h
u
m
a
n

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r

a
n
d

u
p
d
a
t
i
n
g

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
2
0
91
92
93
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
1
0
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

d
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
s

b
a
s
e
d

o
n

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
,

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l
s
.

I
O
M
C
D
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
s
,

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
s

a
n
d

d
a
t
a

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
1
1
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
-
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s

(
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s
,

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s
,

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y

p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
n
e
s
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

p
l
a
n
s
)
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

a
n
d

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
r
a
i
n
-
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C
B
C
R
C
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y

p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
n
e
s
s

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

p
l
a
n
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
S
h
a
r
i
n
g

o
f

e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s

o
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s
2
1
2
.

C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
t

t
h
e

b
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

a
n
d

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

l
e
v
e
l
s

t
h
a
t

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

a
n
d

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

b
y

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
G
O
s
N
G
O
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
O
M
C
A
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
r
e

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
.
E
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

p
a
s
t

a
n
d

o
n
g
o
i
n
g

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
2
1
3
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
,

r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
i
n
g

t
h
e

c
r
o
s
s
-
c
u
t
t
i
n
g

n
a
t
u
r
e

o
f

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y
.
I
O
M
C
B
C
R
C
s
G
E
F
C
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

a
d
o
p
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

92
93
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
94
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
1
4
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s

t
o

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f
,

e
.
g
.
,

I
N
F
O
C
A
P

f
o
r

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y
.

I
O
M
C
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
N
F
O
C
A
P
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
,

e
.
g
.
,

I
N
F
O
C
A
P
,

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
.

C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
n
d

o
p
t
i
o
n
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
1
5
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n

p
e
r
t
a
i
n
i
n
g

t
o

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s

f
o
r

R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

a
n
d

S
t
o
c
k
h
o
l
m
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
I
O
M
C
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

i
n

l
i
n
e

w
i
t
h

p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
s

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e

p
e
r
s
o
n
s
,

e
.
g
.
,

f
o
c
a
l

p
o
i
n
t
s

a
n
d

d
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s
,

a
r
e

a
p
p
o
i
n
t
e
d

i
n

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d

f
o
r

t
h
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
1
6
.

I
n
v
o
l
v
e

a
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

i
n

t
h
e

e
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e

p
l
a
n
s

f
o
r

e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
L
i
s
t
s

o
f

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
R
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

a
r
e

i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
o
l
i
c
y
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
1
7
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g

o
f

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

t
o

t
h
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
I
O
M
C
G
E
F
S
o
u
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
s

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d

i
n
t
o

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
1
8
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c

a
n
d

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
f

p
e
r
s
o
n
n
e
l
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

c
u
s
t
o
m
s

p
e
r
s
o
n
n
e
l
.
I
O
M
C
B
C
R
C
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A

p
o
o
l

o
f

s
k
i
l
l
e
d

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
t
s

a
n
d

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

p
e
r
s
o
n
n
e
l

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
n
d

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

93
94
95
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
1
9
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

o
r

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
,

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

w
i
t
h

m
o
d
e
r
n

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
o
s
e

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

f
o
r

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g

a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

t
o

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,
U
N
I
D
O
,
U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
,

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

w
i
t
h

m
o
d
e
r
n

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s

a
n
d

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
,

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
2
0
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
i
e
s

o
p
e
r
a
t
e
d

i
n

a
c
c
o
r
d
a
n
c
e

w
i
t
h

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,
U
N
I
D
O
,
U
N
I
T
A
R
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
i
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
2
1
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

o
r

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

f
o
r

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

p
o
i
s
o
n

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

a
n
d

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
G
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
2
2
2
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

f
o
r

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
D
P
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

f
o
r

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

a
r
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.

F
u
n
d
i
n
g

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
n
d

o
p
t
i
o
n
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
2
3
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

n
e
e
d
s

f
o
r

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

a
n
d

v
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
y

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
D
P
)
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

n
e
e
d
s

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

f
o
r

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

a
n
d

v
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
y

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

a
r
e

a
c
c
o
m
p
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

a
n
d

v
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
y

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

94
95
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
96
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
2
4
.

I
m
p
r
o
v
e

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l

a
n
d

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

p
o
l
i
c
y

i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
c
r
o
s
s

s
e
c
t
o
r
s
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
h
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s

w
i
t
h

t
h
e

p
r
i
v
a
t
e

s
e
c
t
o
r
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
M
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
n
d

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l

f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
2
5
.

I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

w
i
t
h
i
n

m
i
n
i
s
t
r
i
e
s

i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d

i
n

s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,

u
s
e

a
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
,

U
N
D
P
)
S
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
s

i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d

i
n

m
i
n
i
s
t
e
r
i
a
l

p
l
a
n
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

p
o
l
i
c
y
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
e
c
t
o
r
a
l

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
n
g

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
2
2
6
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

a
n
d

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

(
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
)
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,
U
N
D
P
)
B
C
R
C
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

i
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

S
t
e
p
s

t
o

i
m
p
r
o
v
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

a
r
e

t
a
k
e
n

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
O
n
l
y

a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

i
s

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
r
e
d

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
.
N
e
e
d
s

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
n

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

s
a
f
e

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
2
7
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g

a
n
d

c
o
n
s
o
l
i
d
a
t
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
o

p
r
o
d
u
c
e

b
a
s
e
l
i
n
e

o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
s

t
h
a
t

w
i
l
l

h
e
l
p

d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e

d
o
m
e
s
t
i
c

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

a
n
d

g
a
p
s

(
e
.
g
.
,

P
R
T
R
s

a
n
d

i
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
i
e
s
)
,

t
a
k
i
n
g

i
n
t
o

a
c
c
o
u
n
t

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
)

B
C
R
C
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
M
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g

a
n
d

c
o
n
s
o
l
i
d
a
t
i
n
g

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
o

p
r
o
d
u
c
e

b
a
s
e
l
i
n
e

o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
2
8
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

t
o

r
e
d
r
e
s
s

t
h
e

l
a
c
k

o
f

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
a
t
i
o
n

b
o
d
i
e
s

a
n
d

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

a
n
d

r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

s
a
m
p
l
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
n
d

h
u
m
a
n

m
a
t
r
i
c
e
s

a
n
d

f
o
o
d
s
t
u
f
f
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
A
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

a
n
d

r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
i
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
t

t
h
e

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l
s
.
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

95
96
97
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
2
9
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

t
h
e

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
i
n
g

t
h
e

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

f
o
r

t
h
e
i
r

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
c
r
o
s
s

t
h
e
i
r

l
i
f
e

c
y
c
l
e
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
i
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
3
0
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

r
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
3
1
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

n
e
e
d
e
d

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

i
n

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
v
e

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
,

p
o
l
i
c
y

f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

a
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)

T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

n
e
e
d
s

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s

i
n

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
v
e

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
,

p
o
l
i
c
y

f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

a
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
r
e

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
3
2
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

t
h
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
n
d

c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
)
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

t
h
e

a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
n
d

c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

i
s

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
L
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
n
d

c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
n
d

m
o
d
e
l
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
A
P
P
E
L

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
2
3
3
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
)

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

i
s

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

96
97
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
98
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
3
4
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
h
e

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

f
o
r

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s

t
o

d
e
t
e
c
t

a
n
d

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

i
n

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s

g
o
o
d
s

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

w
a
s
t
e
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)

B
a
s
e
l
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

f
o
r

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s

t
o

d
e
t
e
c
t

a
n
d

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

i
n

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s

g
o
o
d
s

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

w
a
s
t
e
s

a
r
e

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

t
o

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
h
a
t

r
e
q
u
i
r
e

i
t
.
T
h
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

o
f

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

t
o

d
e
t
e
c
t

a
n
d

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

i
n

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s

g
o
o
d
s

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

w
a
s
t
e

i
s

i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
2
3
5
.

O
u
t
l
i
n
e

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

f
o
r

e
a
c
h

r
e
g
i
o
n
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
)
B
C
R
C
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

r
e
g
i
o
n
s
.

M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
3
6
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
o
o
l
s

t
o

a
s
s
i
s
t

i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

t
o

p
r
o
v
i
d
e

s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

t
o

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l

u
s
e
r
s
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
o
o
l
s

f
o
r

t
h
e

p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
F
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e

a
n
d

r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

t
o

m
i
t
i
g
a
t
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

i
m
p
a
c
t
s

o
f

e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

2
3
7
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a
n
d

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

p
o
i
s
o
n

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

t
o

p
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
o
x
i
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

a
d
v
i
c
e
;

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l

t
o
x
i
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

t
o

t
h
e

n
e
e
d
s

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d

a
n
d

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

i
n

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
)

P
o
i
s
o
n

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
n
d

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
d

a
n
d

c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l

t
o
x
i
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
,

a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

t
o

n
e
e
d
s

a
n
d

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
.
W
H
O

p
o
i
s
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e

i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

97
98
99
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
3
8
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

i
s

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
C
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
2
3
9
.

C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r

m
e
a
n
s

t
o

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

t
h
e

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y

m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

d
i
r
t
y

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
n
g

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y

m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

d
i
r
t
y

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
4
0
.

C
l
e
a
r
l
y

d
e
f
i
n
e

n
e
e
d
s

w
i
t
h

r
e
s
p
e
c
t

t
o

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
r
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
)
a
r
e

c
l
e
a
r
l
y

d
e
f
i
n
e
d
.

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
2
4
1
.

D
e
s
i
g
n

c
l
e
a
r

a
n
d

s
i
m
p
l
e

m
a
n
u
a
l
s

a
n
d

g
u
i
d
e
s

o
n

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

t
o

a
s
s
e
s
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

m
e
t
h
o
d
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
)
C
l
e
a
r

a
n
d

s
i
m
p
l
e

m
a
n
u
a
l
s

a
n
d

g
u
i
d
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
.

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
2
4
2
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y

a
n
d

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

f
o
r

c
l
e
a
n
e
r

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e

o
f

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
D
P
,

W
o
r
l
d

B
a
n
k
)

G
E
F
N
G
O
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

I
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
o
r
s
'
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

n
e
e
d
s

98
99
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
100
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

R
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s

2
4
3
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

a
n
a
l
y
z
i
n
g

a
n
d

r
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
n
g

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

r
e
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

r
e
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

r
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
.
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

t
h
e

p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

t
o

r
e
m
e
d
y

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
n
d

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

c
a
u
s
e
d

b
y

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
,

m
i
s
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

m
i
l
i
t
a
r
y

p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s

a
n
d

w
a
r
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
D
P
)
G
E
F
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

b
o
d
i
e
s

(
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

c
e
n
t
r
e
s
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
n
g

a
n
d

r
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
n
g

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

r
e
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

i
s

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
.

M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y

a
n
d

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
e
d

s
i
t
e
s
R
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s

a
n
d

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
L
e
a
d

i
n

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e

2
4
4
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y

a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s

t
o

l
e
a
d

i
n

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e
,

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

t
h
e

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
n
g

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e

a
n
d

u
p
g
r
a
d
e

t
h
e

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

n
e
e
d
e
d

t
o

i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e

u
n
l
e
a
d
e
d

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
D
O
)
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

b
o
d
i
e
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
n
g

g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
M
o
d
e
l

l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
4
5
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

a
n
d

s
h
a
r
e
d

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.

I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
)

U
N
I
C
E
F
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e

c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

a
n
d

s
h
a
r
e
d

t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
C
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

2
4
6
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

n
e
e
d
e
d

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

f
o
r

r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
t
o

t
h
e

i
m
p
a
c
t

o
f

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
n

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

w
o
m
e
n
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

W
H
O
)

U
N
I
C
E
F
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

o
n

t
h
e

i
m
p
a
c
t

o
f

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

t
o

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

o
n

c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n

a
n
d

w
o
m
e
n

i
s

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

c
e
n
t
r
e
s

T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0
99
100
101
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

R
i
s
k

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
2
4
7
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
I
L
A
C
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

r
e
g
i
o
n
s
.

A
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

F
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
U
N
E
P

A
P
E
L
L
U
N
E
P

P
R
T
R

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

G
H
S
2
4
8
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

o
f

h
a
z
a
r
d

c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

f
o
r

c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

v
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

l
a
b
e
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
e
s
t
i
n
g

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

f
o
r

G
H
S

p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

a
t

l
e
a
s
t

i
n

a
l
l

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

r
e
g
i
o
n
s
.

I
L
A
C

e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

o
f

a
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
a
t
i
o
n

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

t
o

a
l
l

r
e
g
i
o
n
s
2
4
9
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

h
a
z
a
r
d

c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
W
H
O
,

F
A
O
,

O
E
C
D
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
M
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

o
n

h
a
z
a
r
d

c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a

f
o
r

h
a
z
a
r
d

c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
5
0
.

M
a
k
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

t
o

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

G
H
S

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
.

I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

O
E
C
D
)

G
E
F
S
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

t
o

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

G
H
S

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

G
H
S

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
S
h
a
r
i
n
g

o
f

r
e
s
u
l
t
s

o
f

U
N
I
T
A
R

p
i
l
o
t

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

T
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
2
5
1
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
n

l
i
n
k
s

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

t
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

n
e
e
d
e
d

n
e
g
o
t
i
a
t
i
n
g

s
k
i
l
l
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
W
T
O
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
A
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

l
i
n
k
s

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

t
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

n
e
e
d
e
d

n
e
g
o
t
i
a
t
i
n
g

s
k
i
l
l
s
,

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
1
6
–
2
0
2
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

100
101
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
102
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
5
2
.

E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

s
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s

o
f

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

t
r
a
d
e

a
n
d

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s

i
n

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
n
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s

t
o

e
n
h
a
n
c
e

m
u
t
u
a
l

u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g

o
f

t
h
e

r
u
l
e
s

a
n
d

d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
e
s

i
n

t
h
e

t
w
o

a
r
e
a
s

a
m
o
n
g

G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
,
i
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)

C
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

i
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.

D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n

a
t

m
e
e
t
i
n
g
s

o
f

c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s

o
f

p
a
r
t
i
e
s

2
5
3
.

P
r
o
v
i
d
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

t
h
e

c
o
n
c
e
p
t

o
f

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
r
e
a
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
D
P
)

R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

i
n

t
h
e

c
o
n
c
e
p
t

o
f

p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
r
e
a
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

i
n

e
a
c
h

c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
-
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d

a
r
e
a
s

2
5
4
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

i
n

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g

a
n
d

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
D
P
)

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
h
e

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

p
e
r
s
o
n
n
e
l

h
a
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

a
n
d

l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

s
a
f
e
t
y

2
5
5
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

f
o
r

a
l
l

p
e
o
p
l
e

i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d

d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y

a
n
d

i
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y

w
i
t
h

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

u
s
e

a
n
d

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

F
A
O
,

W
H
O
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

i
s

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.

I
L
O

G
l
o
b
a
l

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y

o
n

O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

S
a
f
e
t
y

a
n
d

H
e
a
l
t
h
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
2
5
6
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

a
n
d

e
n
h
a
n
c
e

t
h
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

a
c
q
u
i
r
e
,

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
,

s
t
o
r
e
,

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
e

a
n
d

a
c
c
e
s
s

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

I
N
F
O
C
A
P
.
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
,

U
N
E
P
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
N
G
O
s
T
r
a
d
e
u
n
i
o
n
s
/
l
a
b
o
u
r
A
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

h
a
v
e

t
h
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e

d
a
t
a

a
n
d

m
a
k
e

i
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.
N
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
A
b
i
l
i
t
y

t
o

i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t

a
n
d

a
p
p
l
y

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
S
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
2
5
7
.

E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h

t
h
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

t
o

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

s
o
c
i
a
l

a
n
d

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

i
m
p
a
c
t

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
O
E
C
D
)
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s

a
r
e

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

o
f

s
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
t
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

101
102
103
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
-
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
G

A
N
D

T
E
C
H
N
I
C
A
L

C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

4
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
5
8
.

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

o
n

w
a
s
t
e

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e

e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

z
e
r
o

w
a
s
t
e

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,

w
a
s
t
e

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,

s
u
b
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

t
o
x
i
c

u
s
e

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,

t
o

r
e
d
u
c
e

t
h
e

v
o
l
u
m
e

a
n
d

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

o
f

d
i
s
c
a
r
d
e
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
O
M
C

(
F
A
O
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
I
T
A
R
,

U
N
D
P
)
N
G
O
s
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
B
C
R
C
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
r
e

e
x
e
c
u
t
e
d

t
o

a
s
s
i
s
t

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
/
l
o
c
a
l

a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

z
e
r
o

w
a
s
t
e

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
P
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
e
,

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
T
r
a
n
s
f
e
r

o
f

k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d

f
o
r

r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

v
o
l
u
m
e

a
n
d

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

o
f

d
i
s
c
a
r
d
e
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
W
a
s
t
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

2
5
9
.

D
e
v
e
l
o
p

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
n
d

l
o
c
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

t
o

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
,

a
s
s
e
s
s

a
n
d

m
i
t
i
g
a
t
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

i
m
p
a
c
t
s

o
f

d
u
m
p
s
,

l
a
n
d
f
i
l
l
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

w
a
s
t
e

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s

o
n

h
u
m
a
n

h
e
a
l
t
h

a
n
d

t
h
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

W
H
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
D
P
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
E
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

s
k
i
l
l
s

a
r
e

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

f
o
r

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
,

a
s
s
e
s
s
i
n
g

a
n
d

m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
n
g

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s

f
o
r

d
u
m
p
s
,

l
a
n
d
f
i
l
l
s

a
n
d

o
t
h
e
r

w
a
s
t
e

f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
.
P
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s
2
6
0
.

U
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

f
o
r

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
n
g

t
h
e

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

o
f

w
a
s
t
e

h
a
n
d
l
e
r
s

a
n
d

r
e
c
y
c
l
e
r
s
,

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y

w
a
s
t
e

s
c
a
v
e
n
g
e
r
s
,

t
o

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

w
a
s
t
e
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
B
C
R
C
s
I
O
M
C

(
I
L
O
)
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
s

a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g

t
h
e

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

n
e
e
d
s

o
f

w
a
s
t
e

h
a
n
d
l
e
r
s

a
n
d

r
e
c
y
c
l
e
r
s

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
6
1
.

T
r
a
i
n

c
u
s
t
o
m
s

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

t
o

d
e
t
e
c
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y

m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

w
a
s
t
e
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
W
C
O
B
C
R
C
s
C
u
s
t
o
m
s

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

a
r
e

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

t
o

d
e
t
e
c
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y

m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

w
a
s
t
e
.
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
2
6
2
.

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

o
n

w
a
s
t
e

m
i
n
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

i
n

d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

b
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

o
r

m
u
l
t
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l

s
u
p
p
o
r
t
.

I
O
M
C

(
U
N
E
P
,

F
A
O
,

U
N
I
D
O
,

U
N
D
P
)
B
C
R
C
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
Z
e
r
o

w
a
s
t
e

d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s

a
r
e

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
,

s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d

a
n
d

c
a
r
r
i
e
d

o
u
t
.
I
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
T
r
a
i
n
e
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

102
103
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
104
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

I
L
L
E
G
A
L

T
R
A
F
F
I
C

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

5
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
6
3
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

w
i
t
h

W
C
O

t
h
e

d
i
s
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

u
s
e

o
f

c
u
s
t
o
m
s

r
i
s
k

p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s

a
n
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l

s
a
f
e
t
y

s
h
e
e
t
s

a
s

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l

m
e
a
n
s

o
f

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g

p
r
o
b
a
b
l
e

c
a
s
e
s

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
W
C
O
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

t
a
r
i
f
f

c
o
d
e
s

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d

b
y

W
C
O

f
o
r

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

r
e
g
u
l
a
t
e
d

i
n

t
e
r
m
s

o
f

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s

a
r
e

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
W
C
O

h
a
r
m
o
n
i
z
e
d

t
a
r
i
f
f

c
o
d
e
s
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
C
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

w
i
t
h

W
C
O
2
6
4
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

t
h
e

m
a
t
t
e
r

o
f

r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s

a
n
d

o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

f
o
r

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

a
n
d

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

f
o
r

d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

a
n
d

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

e
c
o
n
o
m
i
e
s

i
n

t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
,

e
i
t
h
e
r

d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y

o
r

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

a

r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
S
A
I
C
M

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
A

r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e

a
n
d

s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e

f
i
n
a
n
c
i
n
g

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m

i
s

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

f
u
n
d
s
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a

f
o
r

a
c
c
e
s
s
i
n
g

f
u
n
d
s
2
6
5
.

A
s
s
e
s
s

t
h
e

e
x
t
e
n
t

a
n
d

i
m
p
a
c
t

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

a
t

t
h
e

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
,

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
,

s
u
b
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
,

a
n
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
,

e
.
g
.
,

C
O
M
E
S
A
,

A
U
,

E
A
C
,

S
A
D
C
,

e
t
c
.

A
n

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
h
e

e
x
t
e
n
t

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

i
s

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n
.
C
l
a
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

d
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

2
6
6
.

E
x
p
a
n
d

t
h
e

l
e
v
e
l

o
f

c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
m
o
n
g

a
l
l

s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s
N
G
O
s
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

a
c
t
o
r
s
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s

i
s

e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d

i
n

a
l
l

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.

A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
-
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

i
n

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s

g
o
o
d
s
2
6
7
.

A
d
d
r
e
s
s

h
o
w

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

r
e
l
a
t
e
d

t
o

t
h
e

s
o
u
n
d

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
a
w
s

m
a
y

b
e

m
o
r
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y

a
p
p
l
i
e
d

t
o

t
h
e

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y

m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
F
C
S
R
o
t
t
e
r
d
a
m

a
n
d

B
a
s
e
l

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

s
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
s
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

t
o

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y

m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.

T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

a
m
o
n
g

a
l
l

103
104
105
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

I
L
L
E
G
A
L

T
R
A
F
F
I
C

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

5
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
6
8
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

e
f
f
o
r
t
s

t
o

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g

o
f

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

a
n
d

t
o

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

d
a
m
a
g
e

r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g

f
r
o
m

t
h
e
i
r

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
-
d
a
r
y

m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

d
i
s
p
o
s
a
l
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
I
F
C
S
W
C
O
I
G
O
s
E
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t

m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.

I
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g

o
f

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s

i
s

r
e
d
u
c
e
d
.
P
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
L
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

p
l
a
c
e

2
6
9
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

t
h
e

a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n

b
y

i
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

o
f

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s

o
n

t
h
e

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

i
n

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
.
I
G
O
s
I
n
t
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

h
a
v
e

a
d
o
p
t
e
d

d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s

o
n

t
h
e

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

i
n

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
.
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s

A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

o
n

e
x
t
e
n
t

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

a
t

t
h
e

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l

t
o

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

s
y
s
t
e
m
s

2
7
0
.

T
r
a
i
n

c
u
s
t
o
m
s
,

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

t
o

d
e
t
e
c
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
o
x
i
c

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
C
u
s
t
o
m
s
,

a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l

a
n
d

h
e
a
l
t
h

o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s

a
r
e

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

t
o

d
e
t
e
c
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
o
x
i
c

a
n
d

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
.
2
7
1
.

C
r
e
a
t
e

a

g
l
o
b
a
l

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

e
a
r
l
y

w
a
r
n
i
n
g

s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,

a
c
r
o
s
s

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

b
o
r
d
e
r
s
,

e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y

a
t

t
h
e

r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l

l
e
v
e
l
.
I
n
t
e
r
p
o
l
N
a
t
io
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
W
C
O
W
T
O
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
A
n

i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n

n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

e
a
r
l
y

w
a
r
n
i
n
g

s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,

i
s

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

f
o
r

a
l
l

r
e
g
i
o
n
s
.
T
y
p
e

o
f

e
a
r
l
y

w
a
r
n
i
n
g

s
y
s
t
e
m

i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
W
a
s
t
e

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

2
7
2
.

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n

n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

f
o
r

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,

d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

o
f

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y

m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

w
a
s
t
e
.
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
B
C
R
C
s
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
d

s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

a
r
e

i
n

p
l
a
c
e
.

P
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
n
d

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
–
2
0
1
5

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

105
G
L
O
B
A
L

P
L
A
N

O
F

A
C
T
I
O
N
106
W
O
R
K

A
R
E
A
S

A
D
D
R
E
S
S
I
N
G

I
L
L
E
G
A
L

T
R
A
F
F
I
C

(
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E

5
)

W
o
r
k

a
r
e
a
s

A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
A
c
t
o
r
s
2
T
a
r
g
e
t
s
/
T
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

2
7
3
.

P
r
o
m
o
t
e

e
f
f
o
r
t
s

t
o

p
r
e
v
e
n
t

i
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
f
f
i
c

o
f

w
a
s
t
e
.

N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
B
a
s
e
l

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

S
e
c
r
e
t
a
r
i
a
t
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
T
r
a
d
e

u
n
i
o
n
s

N
G
O
s
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s

o
f

w
a
s
t
e

a
r
e

r
e
d
u
c
e
d
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

t
r
a
i
n
e
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
T
h
e

c
o
l
u
m
n
s

d
e
a
l
i
n
g

w
i
t
h

s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d

a
c
t
o
r
s
,

t
a
r
g
e
t
s

a
n
d

t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
s
,

i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s

o
f

p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s

a
n
d

i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

a
s
p
e
c
t
s

w
e
r
e

n
o
t

f
u
l
l
y

d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d

a
n
d

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

t
i
m
e

w
a
s

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

t
o

a
c
h
i
e
v
e

a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t

d
u
r
i
n
g

t
h
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

t
o

d
e
v
e
l
o
p

t
h
e

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c

A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.

2
0
0
6
–
2
0
1
0

I
l
l
e
g
a
l

t
r
a
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y

L
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
106
107
List of acronyms and abbreviations used in Table B
APELL Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at a Local Level
AU African Union
BAT/BEP Best available techniques/Best environmental practices
BCRC Basel Convention regional centre
CEFIC European Chemical Industry Council
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
COMESA Common Market of East and Southern Africa
EAC East African Community
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GEF Global Environment Facility
GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of
Chemicals
IFCS Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety
IGO Intergovernmental organization
ILAC International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
ILO International Labour Organization
INFOCAP Information Exchange Network on Capacity-building for the
Sound Management of Chemicals
Interpol International Criminal Police Organization
IOMC Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of
Chemicals
IPCS International Programme for Chemical Safety
IPEN International POPs Elimination Network
NGO Non-governmental organization
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OPCW Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
PRTR Pollutant release and transfer register
Rio
Declaration
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
SADC Southern African Development Community
SAICM Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management
TBT
Convention
International Convention on the Control of Harmful Antifouling
Systems on Ships
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNICEF
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research
WCO World Customs Organization
WHO World Health Organization
WTO World Trade Organization
United Nations Children's Fund
107
R
E
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
108
Resolutions
Adopted by the International Conference on Chemicals Management at its
first session, held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 4 to 6 February
2006
I/1. Implementation arrangements
The Conference,
Having adopted the Dubai Declaration on International Chemicals
Management and Overarching Policy Strategy and encouraged the use
and further development of the Global Plan of Action for the Strategic
Approach to International Chemicals Management (hereinafter referred to
Having incorporated implementation provisions within the text of the
Overarching Policy Strategy of the Strategic Approach,
Wishing to highlight the common dedication of the participants at the
Conference to cooperating in achieving high standards for health and
environmental protection and taking advantage of the diversity that each of
them brings to the Strategic Approach process,
Acknowledging that the participants come from many different geographical
regions with different experiences, ideas and mechanisms for approaching
chemicals management and that such diversity should be allowed to serve
common goals and that all efforts and experiences should offer new
lessons for facing the problems that affect all humankind,
Considering that arrangements are essential to implement expeditiously
the Strategic Approach, to protect human health and the environment and
to reach the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation goal that, by 2020,
chemicals are used and produced in ways that minimize significant adverse
effects on human health and the environment,
Recalling decisions SS.VII/3 of 15 February 2002, 22/4 IV of 7 February
2003 and 23/9 II of 25 February 2005 of the Governing Council of the
United Nations Environment Programme on the development of a strategic
approach to international chemicals management, as endorsed by the
World Summit on Sustainable Development in September 2002 and the
United Nations World Summit in September 2005,

Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, para. 23 ( Report of the
World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August 4 September 2002
(United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II. A.1 and corrigendum), chap I, resolution 2, annex).
General Assembly resolution 60/1 of 6 September 2005, para. 56 (k).
1
2
1
2
as the  Strategic Approach), "
108
109
1. Calls on all stakeholders, including Governments, intergovernmental
and non-governmental organizations, regional economic integration
organizations, representatives of civil society and the private sector, to take
appropriate action to achieve the objectives set forth in the Strategic
Approach;
2. Encourages Governments to focus their initial implementation work
on those activities that will facilitate a prompt start in efforts to achieve the
Johannesburg Plan of Implementation 2020 goal and the objectives set
international chemicals management priorities and considering additional
efforts that are needed to develop a national Strategic Approach
implementation plan, including the building of appropriate capacities and
institutional arrangements, taking into consideration, as appropriate,
existing priorities and elements;
3. Commends the Strategic Approach to the attention of the governing
bodies of relevant intergovernmental organizations and encourages them
to endorse or otherwise appropriately acknowledge the Strategic Approach
with a view to incorporating its objectives into their programmes of work
within their mandates and to report thereon to the International Conference
on Chemicals Management;
4. Encourages non-governmental organizations and the private sector to
support implementation of the Strategic Approach at the national, regional
and global levels, including through partnerships with Governments,
intergovernmental organizations, regional economic integration
organizations and other stakeholders;
5. Invites the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment
Programme to convene further sessions of the International Conference on
Chemicals Management, working in collaboration with the participating
organizations of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound
Management of Chemicals, the United Nations Development Programme
and other intergovernmental organizations and bearing in mind that, where
appropriate, sessions of the Conference should be held back-to-back with
meetings of the governing bodies of relevant intergovernmental
organizations in order to enhance synergies and cost-effectiveness and to
6. Calls on Governments to designate national Strategic Approach focal
points and to communicate the details of the focal points to the Strategic
Approach secretariat referred to in paragraphs 11 and 12, below, as soon
as possible;
7. Calls on non-governmental participants to designate Strategic
Approach focal points and communicate the details of the focal points to
forth in the Strategic Approach, such as by continuing to facilitate existing
promote the Strategic Approach's multi-sectoral nature;
108
109
R
E
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
110
the Strategic Approach secretariat referred to in paragraphs 11 and 12,
below, as soon as possible;
8. Recommends that intersessional work be promoted through, among
other things, the holding of regional meetings, the designation of regional
Strategic Approach focal points and the communication of the details of
those focal points to the Strategic Approach secretariat referred to in
paragraphs 11 and 12, below, as soon as possible;
9. Encourages Governments and regional economic integration
organizations with more advanced programmes to provide financial and
technical assistance, including training, to other Governments, in particular
those of least developed countries and small island developing States,
through appropriate action at the national or regional level, in developing
their infrastructure and capacity to meet the objectives set forth in the
Strategic Approach;
10. Encourages Governments to give appropriate priority to chemicals
management issues in their national sustainable development strategies
and poverty reduction strategy papers;
11. Requests the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment
Programme to establish and assume overall administrative responsibility
for the Strategic Approach secretariat and to co-locate it with the chemicals
and wastes cluster of the United Nations Environment Programme in
Geneva;
12. Invites the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment
Programme and the Director General of the World Health Organization to
provide appropriate staff and other resources in accordance with the
the present resolution within available resources to enable their
organizations to take lead roles in the secretariat in their respective areas
of expertise in relation to the Strategic Approach and invites all
Governments, other intergovernmental organizations and non-
governmental organizations, including the private sector, to provide
voluntary extrabudgetary resources in support of the secretariat in the
fulfilment of its functions;
13. Welcomes the offer of the United Nations Environment Programme to
provide a Professional staff member of the Strategic Approach secretariat
at the P-5 level and a potential offer from the World Health Organization to
provide a Professional staff member of the Strategic Approach secretariat
at the P-4 level, subject to approval by the World Health Assembly, from
regular programme resources as contributions to the staffing foreseen in
table 2;
indicative budget and staffing provisions in tables 1 (staff) and 2 (budget) of
109
110
111
14. Invites the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment
Programme, in cooperation with the participating organizations of the Inter-
Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals and the
United Nations Development Programme, to facilitate the development of
the Quick Start Programme to be established pursuant to resolution I/4 of
the Conference to support the strengthening of capabilities and capacities
for the implementation of the Strategic Approach and promote the full and
effective participation of developing countries and countries with
economies in transition in the further work of the Strategic Approach;
15. Urges Governments, regional economic integration organizations,
intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations to
make contributions to the voluntary trust fund established by the United
Nations Environment Programme to support Strategic Approach
implementation activities under the Quick Start Programme.
110
111
R
E
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
112
Table 1: Staffing table
STAFF CATEGORY AND LEVEL 2006

A. Professional category
Number of
posts
D-1
0
P-5
1
P-4
2
P-3
1
P-2
1
Subtotal
5
B. General Service category
1
TOTAL (A + B)
6
STANDARD STAFF COSTS
IN UNITED STATES
DOLLARS (REVISED)
1
2006 2007 2008 2009

A. Professional category
D-1 level 235,400 236,100 238,461 240,846
P-5 level 207,100 207,800 209,878 211,977
P-4 level 179,400 179,800 181,598 183,414
P-3 level 148,600 149,100 150,591 152,097
P-2 level 119,100 119,600 120,796 122,004

B. General Service category 97,900 99,000 99,990 100,990

1
United Nations Standard Salary Costs for Geneva, Version 2 (2005)
111
112
113
Table 2: Strategic Approach secretariat budget
2006 2007 2008 2009
TOTAL
US$
10
PROJECT PERSONNEL
COMPONENT
1100
1101
Senior
Programme
Officer P.5 207,100 207,800 209,878 211,977 836,755
1102
Programme
Officer
P.4 179,400 179,800 181,598 183,414 724,212
1103
Programme
Officer
P.4 179,400 179,800 181,598 183,414 724,212
1104
Programme
Officer P.3 148,600 149,100 150,591 152,097 600,388
1105
Associate
Programme
Officer P.2 119,100 119,600 120,796 122,004 481,500
1199 Total 833,600 836,100 844,461 852,906 3,367,067

1200
Consultants
(Description of
activity/service)
1201
Consultant
SAICM 30,000 31,500 33,000 35,000 129,500
1220 Unspecified (no
terms
of reference
available) 0 0 0 0 0
1299 Total 30,000 31,500 33,000 35,000 129,500

1300
Administrative support
Title Grade
1301
Secretary
(SAICM) G.4/5 97,900 99,000 99,990 100,990 397,880
1321
Conference
Services
(Executive
Board) 0 0 0 0 0
1399 Total 97,900 99,000 99,990 100,990 397,880

1600
Travel on official
business
1601 Staff travel 35,000 36,750 38,588 40,517 150,854
1699 Total 35,000 36,750 38,588 40,517 150,854
1999 Component Total 996,500 1,003,350 1,016,039 1,029,412 4,045,301

20
SUB CONTRACT
COMPONENT
2100
Sub-contracts
(MOUs/LAs for
cooperating agencies)
2101 0 0 0 0 0
2199 0 0 0 0 0
2200
Sub-contracts
(MOUs/LAs for
supporting
organizations)
2201 0 0 0 0 0
2299 Total 0 0 0 0 0
2999 Component total 0 0 0 0 0

112
113
R
E
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
114
2006 2007 2008 2009
TOTAL
US$
30 TRAINING COMPONENT
3300
Meetings/conferences
(Title)
3301
Executive Board
(8 or 12) 0 0 0 0 0
3320 Unspecified 0 0 0 0 0
3399 Total 0 0 0 0 0
3999 Component total 0 0 0 0 0

40
EQUIPMENT AND PREMISES
COMPONENT

4100
Expendable equipment
(items under $1,500
each)
4101 Office supplies 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 4,000
4102
Computer
software 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 20,000
4120 Unspecified 0 0 0 0 0
4199 Total 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 24,000

4200
Non-expendable
equipment (see items
listed on budget
worksheet)
4201
Computer
hardware 8,000 5,000 0 8,000 21,000
4220 Unspecified 5,000 0 5,000 0 10,000
4299 Total 13,000 5,000 5,000 8,000 31,000

4300 Premises (rent)
4301
Office rental and
premises 12,000 12,600 13,250 14,000 51,850
4399 Total 12,000 12,600 13,250 14,000 51,850
4999 Component total 31,000 23,600 24,250 28,000 106,850

50
MISCELLANEOUS
COMPONENT
5200 Reporting costs
5201
Printing and
translation 2,000 2,100 2,205 2,315 8,620
5220 Unspecified 0 0 0 0 0
5299 Total 2,000 2,100 2,205 2,315 8,620

5300 Sundry
5301 Communications
(telex,
telephone, fax,
internet) 10,000 10,500 11,025 11,576 43,101
5302
Postage and
pouch charges 0 0 0 0 0
5399 Total 10,000 10,500 11,025 11,576 43,101

5400
Hospitality and
entertainment
5401
Hospitality
reception 0 0 0 0 0
5499 Total 0 0 0 0 0
5999 Component total 12,000 12,600 13,230 13,891 51,721

113
114
115
2006 2007 2008 2009
TOTAL
US$
TOTAL TO SUB-ALLOT TO
THE UNITED NATIONS
OFFICE AT GENEVA 1,039,500 1,039,550 1,053,519 1,071,304 4,203,873

60
6131 Administrative
support 134,875 134,869 136,671 138,969 546,503
6999
Total UNEP
participation costs 134,875 134,869 136,671 138,969 546,503

99 GRAND TOTAL 1,172,375 1,172,319 1,187,984 1,207,957 4,750,376
PREVIOUS BUDGET
SCHEDULE 0 0 0 0 0
INCREASE/DECREASE
114
115
R
E
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
116
I/2. Tribute to the Government of the United Arab Emirates
The Conference,
the Government of the United Arab Emirates,
Convinced that the efforts made by the Government of the United Arab
Emirates and by the authorities of the Emirate and city of Dubai in
providing facilities, premises and other resources contributed significantly
to the smooth and successful conduct of the proceedings,
Deeply appreciative of the courtesy and hospitality extended by the
Government of the United Arab Emirates and the Emirate and city of Dubai
to the members of the delegations, observers and the secretariat of the
United Nations Environment Programme attending the Conference,
Expresses its sincere gratitude to the Government of the United Arab
Emirates, to the Zayed International Prize for the Environment and to the
authorities of the Emirate and city of Dubai and, through them, to the
people of United Arab Emirates, for the cordial welcome which they
accorded to the Conference and to those associated with its work and for
their contribution to the success of the Conference.
I/3. Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety
Recognizing the unique, multifaceted and significant role which the
Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety has played in the area of
sound chemicals management at the international, regional and national
levels,
1. Invites the Forum to continue its important role in providing an open,
transparent and inclusive forum for discussing issues of common
interest and also new and emerging issues, and to continue to
contribute through this to the implementation of the Strategic
Approach to International Chemicals Management and the work of
other chemicals-related international organizations and institutions;
2. Requests the Strategic Approach secretariat to establish and maintain
a working relationship with the Forum in order to draw upon its
expertise.
Having met in Dubai from 4 to 6 February 2006 at the gracious invitation of
The Conference,
115
116
117
I/4. Quick Start Programme
Having incorporated financial considerations within the text of the
Overarching Policy Strategy of the Strategic Approach to International
Chemicals Management, including a Quick Start Programme supporting
initial capacity-building activities for the implementation of Strategic
Approach objectives,
1. Welcomes the prompt launching of the implementation of the
Strategic Approach;
2. Decides to establish a Quick Start Programme for the implementation
of Strategic Approach objectives building upon the outcomes of the
International Conference on Chemicals Management and the Bali
Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity-building;
3. Also decides that the objective of the Quick Start Programme is to
support initial enabling capacity-building and implementation activities
in developing countries, least developed countries, small island
developing States and countries with economies in transition;
4. Calls for the Quick Start Programme to include a United Nations
Environment Programme trust fund and multilateral, bilateral and
other forms of cooperation;
5. Invites Governments in a position to do so, regional economic
integration organizations, intergovernmental organizations, the private
sector, including industry, foundations, non-governmental
organizations and other stakeholders, to contribute to the
Programme;
6. Adopts the strategic priorities and institutional arrangements for the
Quick Start Programme as set out in appendix I to the present
resolution;
7. Invites the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment
Programme to establish a voluntary, time-limited Quick Start
Programme Trust Fund to provide seed-money to support the
objectives of the Programme in accordance with the terms of
reference set out in appendix II to the present resolution;
8. Also invites Governments in a position to do so, regional economic
integration organizations, the private sector including industry,
foundations and non-governmental organizations and other
stakeholders, to contribute to the Quick Start Programme Trust Fund;
The Conference,
116
117
R
E
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
118
9. Invites the representatives of participating organizations of the
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of
Chemicals and the United Nations Development Programme to form
a Trust Fund Implementation Committee for projects financed by the
Quick Start Programme Trust Fund;
10. Decides to establish the Quick Start Programme Executive Board,
consisting of two government representatives of each of the United
Nations regions and all the bilateral and multilateral donors and other
contributors to the Programme;
11. Requests the Strategic Approach secretariat to facilitate meetings of
the Trust Fund Implementation Committee and the Quick Start
Programme Executive Board;
12. Decides that, at each session of the International Conference on
Chemicals Management, two national Government representatives of
each United Nations region will be appointed to the Quick Start
Programme Executive Board for the intersessional period;
13. Welcomes the contributions to the Programme already offered by
Belgium, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
APPENDIX I
Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management: strategic
priorities and institutional arrangements for the Quick Start Programme
A. Objective
1. Building upon the outcomes of the International Conference on
Chemicals Management and the Bali Strategic Plan for Technology
Support and Capacity-building, the objective of the Quick Start Programme
is to support activities to enable initial capacity-building and implementation
in developing countries, least developed countries, small island developing
States and countries with economies in transition consistent with their
national priorities for the implementation of the Strategic Approach
objectives as set out in section IV of the Overarching Policy Strategy.
B. Overall approach
2. The Quick Start Programme for the Strategic Approach will take fully
into account the characteristics of the Strategic Approach process and its
institutional arrangements. It will build upon the Bali Strategic Plan for
Technology Support and Capacity-building and facilitate environmentally
sound chemicals management. The Programme should help to identify and
117
118
119
pave the way for activities that can be assisted by the private sector,
including industry, and other non-governmental organizations and through
bilateral and multilateral cooperation, for example technical assistance and
the sharing of knowledge and experience. The programme will seek to
enhance synergies with processes initiated under relevant chemicals and
wastes multilateral environmental agreements. While aimed primarily at the
country level, the Programme should allow for, and encourage, regional
and global approaches.
C. Strategic priorities for the Quick Start Programme
3. The Quick Start Programme should mobilize resources for national
priority initial enabling activities in keeping with the work areas set out in
the strategic objectives of section IV of the Overarching Policy Strategy, in
particular:
a. Development or updating of national chemical profiles and the
identification of capacity needs for sound chemicals
management;
b. Development and strengthening of national chemicals
management institutions, plans, programmes and activities to
implement the Strategic Approach, building upon work
conducted to implement international chemicals-related
agreements and initiatives;
c. Undertaking analysis, interagency coordination, and public
participation activities directed at enabling the implementation of
sound management of chemicals in national strategies, and
thereby informing development assistance cooperation
priorities.
4. Further operational guidance on these strategic priorities will be
provided by the Executive Board as required.
D.
5. The Programme will invite bilateral and multilateral public and private
cooperation and national government financing. It will benefit from a
voluntary, time-limited Quick Start Programme Trust Fund administered by
the United Nations Environment Programme.
E. Programme implementation
6. Activities financed through bilateral and multilateral cooperation will
be implemented in accordance with the arrangements made by participants
in that cooperation.
the Strategic Approach by integrating-i.e., mainstreaming-the
Financial resources to support the Programme's activities
118
119
R
E
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
120
7. Activities financed by the Quick Start Programme Trust Fund will be
implemented in accordance with the project management arrangements
approved by the Trust Fund Implementation Committee.
F. Governance and reporting
8. The Executive Board will have two co-chairs, one from the regional
representatives and one from the donors, elected annually, and will
develop and adopt its rules of procedure and will be supported by the
Strategic Approach secretariat. The Executive Board will take its decisions
by consensus, pending the adoption of its rules of procedure.
9. The Executive Board will meet annually, back to back with another
relevant meeting, to review progress under the Programme on the basis of
reports from the Trust Fund Implementation Committee and Programme
participants, as well as other relevant information provided to them on
implementation of the programme.
10. Reports presented to the Executive Board will be made publicly
available by the Strategic Approach secretariat.
11. The Executive Board will provide operational guidance on the
implementation of the strategic priorities of the Quick Start Programme and
advise on other relevant matters as required.
12. The Executive Board will report to the International Conference on
Chemicals Management at its second and third sessions on the
implementation of the Quick Start Programme.
APPENDIX II
Terms of reference for the Quick Start Programme Trust Fund of the
1. The Executive Director of the United Nations Environment
Programme is invited to establish and manage the Quick Start Programme
Trust Fund of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals
Management. The Strategic Approach secretariat will provide
administrative support to the Quick Start Programme Trust Fund. This
Trust Fund shall be separate from the existing Trust Fund used for the
expenses of the Strategic Approach secretariat and the inter-governmental
process.
A. Administerin g
Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management
organization
119
120
2. The Quick Start Programme Trust Fund will provide seed money to
support the objective and strategic priorities of the Programme.
C. Time limit
3. The Quick Start Programme Trust Fund will be open to receive
voluntary contributions for five years from the date it is established by the
Executive Director. Funds may be disbursed for a maximum of seven years
from that date.
4. Contributions shall be encouraged from Governments, regional
economic integration organizations, the private sector, including industry,
foundations, other non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders.
5. Developing countries and countries with economies in transition will
be eligible for support. Approval of projects meeting the objectives outlined
in section IV of the Overarching Policy Strategy will take into account
geographic and sectoral balance considerations and pay particular
attention to urgent needs and the requirements of least developed
countries and small island developing States.
6. Project proposals may be presented by Strategic Approach
participating Governments that have endorsed or given other appropriate
formal recognition of and support for the Strategic Approach, through the
relevant Governments. Project proposals must contain full justification for
the amount sought.
7. On an exceptional basis and having regard to the resources and
administrative capacity available, representatives of civil society networks
participating in the Strategic Approach shall also be eligible to present
project proposals, subject to endorsement by the countries hosting the
projects.
8. Quick Start Programme Trust Fund allocations should be limited to
$50,000-$250,000 per project proposal, including administration fees not to
exceed 13 per cent of a project s value.
F. Project assessment and approval
9. The participating organizations of the Inter-Organization Programme
for the Sound Management of Chemicals and the United Nations
Development Programme may provide technical assistance in the
development of project proposals, upon request by project proponents.
B. Objective
E. Eligibility rules
D. Sources of financing
121
122
10. Project proposals will be country-driven and will be submitted to the
Strategic Approach secretariat and screened for completeness and
eligibility.
11. Screened projects will be submitted by the Strategic Approach
secretariat to the Trust Fund Implementation Committee for appraisal and
approval.
12. Independent monitoring and evaluation and reporting on project
implementation to the Trust Fund Implementation Committee will be the
responsibility of project proponents.
G. Guidance by the Executive Board
13. The regional representatives and those donors of the Executive
Board who have contributed to the Trust Fund will meet during the annual
meeting of the Executive Board to consider the operation of the Quick Start
Programme Trust Fund. They will review reports from the Trust Fund
Implementation Committee on project execution and from the Executive
Director of UNEP on the financial resources and administration of the
Quick Start Programme Trust Fund and provide guidance and take
decisions thereon.
14. The Executive Board will report to the International Conference on
Chemicals Management at its second and third sessions on the operations
of the Trust Fund.
H. Accounts and audit
15. The accounts and financial management of the Quick Start
Programme Trust Fund shall be subject to the internal and external audit
process of the United Nations. Accounts for the Trust Fund shall be
presented to the Executive Board as soon as possible after the financial
period is closed and shall also be considered by the International
Conference on Chemicals Management.
_____________
UNEP promotes
environmentally sound practices
globally and in its own activities. This
publication is printed on 100% recycled
chlorine-free paper using vegetable-based inks
and other eco- friendly practices. Our distribution
policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint.
About the UNEP Division of Technology,
Industry and Economics
The UNEP Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE)
helps governments, local authorities and decision-makers in
business and industry to develop and implement policies and
practices focusing on sustainable development.
The Division works to promote:
> sustainable consumption and production,
> the ef?cient use of renewable energy,
> adequate management of chemicals,
> the integration of environmental costs in development policies.
The Of?ce of the Director, located in Paris, coordinates activities
through:
> The International Environmental Technology Centre - IETC (Osaka, Shiga),
which implements integrated waste, water and disaster management programmes,
focusing in particular on Asia.
> Production and Consumption (Paris), which promotes sustainable consumption
and production patterns as a contribution to human development through global
markets.
> Chemicals (Geneva), which catalyzes global actions to bring about the sound
management of chemicals and the improvement of chemical safety worldwide.
> Energy (Paris), which fosters energy and transport policies for sustainable
development and encourages investment in renewable energy and energy ef?ciency.
> OzonAction (Paris), which supports the phase-out of ozone depleting substances
in developing countries and countries with economies in transition to ensure
implementation of the Montreal Protocol.
> Economics and Trade (Geneva), which helps countries to integrate environmental
considerations into economic and trade policies, and works with the ?nance sector to
incorporate sustainable development policies.
UNEP DTIE activities focus on raising awareness,
improving the transfer of knowledge and information,
fostering technological cooperation and partnerships,
and implementing international conventions and
agreements.
For more information,
see www.unep.fr
This publication has been produced with the support of the
Government of?ces of Sweden and the German Federal Ministry
for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme, 2006
This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for
educational or non-pro?t purposes without special permission from the copyright
holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate
receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source.
No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial
purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations
Environment Programme.
Disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication
do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United
Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers
or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the
decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor
does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement.
ISBN: 978-92-807-2751-7
Printed in Geneva
GE. 06-01908, March 2007
U
N
I
T
E
D

N
A
T
I
O
N
S

E
N
V
I
R
O
N
M
E
N
T

P
R
O
G
R
A
M
M
E
U
N
I
T
E
D

N
A
T
I
O
N
S

E
N
V
I
R
O
N
M
E
N
T

P
R
O
G
R
A
M
M
E
The Strategic Approach to
International Chemicals
Management (SAICM)
is a policy framework
for international action
on chemical hazards. It
supports achievement of a
central goal agreed at the
2002 Johannesburg World
Summit on Sustainable
Development: to ensure
that by 2020 chemicals
are produced and used
in ways that minimize
signi?cant adverse impacts
on the environment and
human health. The ?rst
session of the International
Conference on Chemicals
Management (ICCM) in
February 2006 adopted
the Dubai Declaration on
International Chemicals
Management and the
Overarching Policy
Strategy. The Conference
also recommended the use
and further development
of the Global Plan of
Action as a working tool
and guidance document.
The present publication
sets out these three texts
together with the four
resolutions adopted by the
ICCM at its ?rst session.
ISBN: 978-92-807-2751-7
DTI/0867/GE
For more information, contact:
SAICM Secretariat
UNEP DTIE
Chemicals Branch
11-13 chemin des Anémones
CH-1219 Châtelaine, Geneva
Switzerland
Tel.: +41 (0) 22 917 12 34
Fax: +41 (0) 22 797 34 60
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.saicm.org
STRATEGIC APPROACH
TO INTERNATIONAL
CHEMICALS MANAGEMENT
SAICM texts and resolutions of the International
Conference on Chemicals Management

doc_275335183.pdf