INTRODUCTION[/b]
An organization[/b] is created when two or more people get together and agree to coordinate their activities in order to achieve their common goals, an organization has been born. There is really no doubt about the present meaning of organization. Its purpose is to create an arrangement of positions and responsibilities through and by means of which an enterprise can in the social sciences, organizations are studied by researchers from several disciplines, the most common of which are sociology, economics, political science, psychology, management, and organizational communication. The broad area is commonly referred to as organizational studies, organizational behavior or organization analysis. Therefore, a number of different theories and perspectives exist, some of which are compatible, and others that are competing.
Ø Organization as a process-related: an entity is being (re-)organized
Ø Organization – functional: organization as a function of how entities like businesses or state authorities are used.
Ø Organization – institutional: an entity is an organization (organization as an actual purposeful structure within a social context)
Organizational studies, organizational behavior, and organizational theory is the systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people - as individuals and as groups - act within organization. Organizational studies encompass the study of organizations from multiple viewpoints, methods, and levels of analysis. [/b][/b]
“An organization is a group of individuals co-ordinated into different levels of authority and segments of specialization for the purpose of achieving the goals and objectives of the organization”-[/i] Kossen
Elements of an Organization[/b]:[/b]
With the organization we see that people employ technology in performing the tasks that they are responsible for, while the structure of the organization serves as a basis for coordinating all their elements within the organization depends upon all the other elements, if the organization as a whole is to function effectively.
First, the organization requires inputs from the environment if it is to operate. These inputs can take form of people, raw materials, money, ideas and so on. If an organization cannot attract the inputs it requires from the environment in order to function, it will rapidly decline and go out of existence. The organization itself can be thought of as performing certain transformation process on its inputs in order to create outputs in the form of products or services. This brings us to the second key way in which the organization is dependent upon its environment. If people outside the organization do not want the products or services provided by the organization (i.e., the outputs of the organization), it would very quickly go out of existence.
Organizing[/b]:[/b]
Organizing is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and establishing the authority relationships among them. People and those who want to cooperate will work together most effectively if they know the parts they are to play in any team operation and the way their roles relate to one another. This is as true in business or government as it is football or in a symphony orchestra. Designing and maintaining these systems of roles is basically the managerial function of organizing.
It is in this sense that we think of Organizing as
1. The identification and classification of required activities
2. The grouping of activities necessary to attain objectives
3. The assignment of each grouping to a manager with the authority (delegation) necessary to supervise it.
4. The provisions for coordination horizontally (on the same or similar organizational level) and vertically (e.g. corporate headquarters, division and department) in the organization structure.
5. Growth & change
6. Adoption of new technology
7. Synergism
8. Facilities communication
9. Creative values
10. Implementation of plans
Types of Organizational Relationships[/b]:[/b]
1. Line Organization
2. Line and Staff Organization
3. Functional Organization
4. Committee/Divisional Organization
5. Project Organization
6. Matrix Organization
Aims and Objectives[/b]:
Business activity is focused around the achievement of appropriate business goals. These can be categorized into business aims and business objectives.
It may have several aims. In the private sector businesses aim to make a profit. Others aim to survive as a primary aim, as survival is necessary for the business to continue. Other aims include: expanding, maximizing sales, to be more competitive and to be environmentally friendly.
A business objective is a detailed picture of a step you plan to take in order to achieve a stated aim. These need to be SMART in order for the business to know what progress it has made towards achieving the objective. SMART objectives are developed in the theory section 'Setting aims and objectives'.
Management Process[/b]
Management in business and human organization activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.
Management can also refer to the person or people who perform the act(s) of management
Management process is the sum total of several interrelated activities. These activities or elements are known as the functions of management. The main activities include the following;-
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. Controlling
An organization[/b] is created when two or more people get together and agree to coordinate their activities in order to achieve their common goals, an organization has been born. There is really no doubt about the present meaning of organization. Its purpose is to create an arrangement of positions and responsibilities through and by means of which an enterprise can in the social sciences, organizations are studied by researchers from several disciplines, the most common of which are sociology, economics, political science, psychology, management, and organizational communication. The broad area is commonly referred to as organizational studies, organizational behavior or organization analysis. Therefore, a number of different theories and perspectives exist, some of which are compatible, and others that are competing.
Ø Organization as a process-related: an entity is being (re-)organized
Ø Organization – functional: organization as a function of how entities like businesses or state authorities are used.
Ø Organization – institutional: an entity is an organization (organization as an actual purposeful structure within a social context)
Organizational studies, organizational behavior, and organizational theory is the systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people - as individuals and as groups - act within organization. Organizational studies encompass the study of organizations from multiple viewpoints, methods, and levels of analysis. [/b][/b]
“An organization is a group of individuals co-ordinated into different levels of authority and segments of specialization for the purpose of achieving the goals and objectives of the organization”-[/i] Kossen
Elements of an Organization[/b]:[/b]
With the organization we see that people employ technology in performing the tasks that they are responsible for, while the structure of the organization serves as a basis for coordinating all their elements within the organization depends upon all the other elements, if the organization as a whole is to function effectively.
First, the organization requires inputs from the environment if it is to operate. These inputs can take form of people, raw materials, money, ideas and so on. If an organization cannot attract the inputs it requires from the environment in order to function, it will rapidly decline and go out of existence. The organization itself can be thought of as performing certain transformation process on its inputs in order to create outputs in the form of products or services. This brings us to the second key way in which the organization is dependent upon its environment. If people outside the organization do not want the products or services provided by the organization (i.e., the outputs of the organization), it would very quickly go out of existence.
Organizing[/b]:[/b]
Organizing is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and establishing the authority relationships among them. People and those who want to cooperate will work together most effectively if they know the parts they are to play in any team operation and the way their roles relate to one another. This is as true in business or government as it is football or in a symphony orchestra. Designing and maintaining these systems of roles is basically the managerial function of organizing.
It is in this sense that we think of Organizing as
1. The identification and classification of required activities
2. The grouping of activities necessary to attain objectives
3. The assignment of each grouping to a manager with the authority (delegation) necessary to supervise it.
4. The provisions for coordination horizontally (on the same or similar organizational level) and vertically (e.g. corporate headquarters, division and department) in the organization structure.
5. Growth & change
6. Adoption of new technology
7. Synergism
8. Facilities communication
9. Creative values
10. Implementation of plans
Types of Organizational Relationships[/b]:[/b]
1. Line Organization
2. Line and Staff Organization
3. Functional Organization
4. Committee/Divisional Organization
5. Project Organization
6. Matrix Organization
Aims and Objectives[/b]:
Business activity is focused around the achievement of appropriate business goals. These can be categorized into business aims and business objectives.
It may have several aims. In the private sector businesses aim to make a profit. Others aim to survive as a primary aim, as survival is necessary for the business to continue. Other aims include: expanding, maximizing sales, to be more competitive and to be environmentally friendly.
A business objective is a detailed picture of a step you plan to take in order to achieve a stated aim. These need to be SMART in order for the business to know what progress it has made towards achieving the objective. SMART objectives are developed in the theory section 'Setting aims and objectives'.
Management Process[/b]
Management in business and human organization activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.
Management can also refer to the person or people who perform the act(s) of management
Management process is the sum total of several interrelated activities. These activities or elements are known as the functions of management. The main activities include the following;-
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. Controlling