Description
types of information systems, information systems vs information technology, expanding roles of IS, classification of IS, ERP, opportunities and challenges of information systems.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
OUTLINE
? ? ? ? ?
Definitions Types of Information Systems Information Systems Vs Information Technology Expanding Roles of IS Classification of IS
?
? ? ? ?
Enterprise Resource Planning
Information Systems Development IS as Discipline
Information systems: Opportunities and Challenges
Conclusion
DEFINITIONS
Data Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves. Information Salesperson: J. Jones Sales Territory: Western Region Current Sales: 147 Units = Rs147,000
Data Rs35,000 12 Units Rs12,000 J. Jones Western Region Rs. 100,000 100 Units 35 Units
Data Processing
Definitions
Information Systems
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of interrelated elements or components that collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Open System Close System
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1. 2. Informal Information System Formal Information System
CHAPTER OPENING CASE
Upstream activities: exploration and production
Downstream activities: refining, marketing, transportation, sales
COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM
An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks and the data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates information in a organization.
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Computer-based information systems (CBIS) use computer technology to perform some or all of their tasks and are composed of:
? Hardware ? Software ?A
Database ? A Network ? Procedures ? People
INFORMATION SYSTEMS INSIDE YOUR ORGANIZATION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OUTSIDE YOUR ORGANIZATION
BREADTH OF SUPPORT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Functional area information systems: It support particular functional areas in an organization. ? Enterprise resource planning systems: It tightly integrate the functional area information systems via a common database.
?
BREADTH OF SUPPORT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Transaction processing systems: support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s basic business transactions. ? Inter organizational information systems: IT connect two or more organizations. Examples are supply chain management systems and electronic commerce systems.
?
INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUPPORT FOR ORGANIZATION EMPLOYEES
Office automation systems: typically support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers. These people use OASs to development documents, schedule resources, and communicate. ? Functional area information systems: It summarize data and prepare reports, primarily for middle managers.
?
Business intelligence systems: It provide computer-based support for complex, non-routine systems, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers. ? Expert Systems: It attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain. ? Dashboards: It support all managers by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.
?
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Competitive Advantage: An advantage over competitors in some measure such as cost, quality, or speed, leads to control of a market and to larger- than average profits. ? Strategic Information Systems (SIS) provide a competitive advantage by helping an organization to implement its strategic goals and to increase its performance and productivity.
?
2.3 WHY ARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS IMPORTANT TO ORGANIZATIONS & SOCIETY
• IT will reduce the number of middle managers. • IT will change the manager’s job. • IT impacts employees at work. • IT provides quality-of-life improvements.
IS VS IT
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Hardware Software Databases are used to build INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Payroll System
Inventor y System
Networks
Other related components
Marketin g System
Customer Service System
EXPANDING ROLES OF IS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s Decision support: 1970s-1980s Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s
CLASSIFICATION OF IS
Information Systems
Operations Support System
Management Support System
Transaction processing systems
Process control systems
Office automation systems
Manageme nt information systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems
1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations Major categories are: i) Transaction processing systems ii) Process control systems iii) Office automation systems 2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are i) ii) iii) Management Information System Decision Support Systems Executive Information System
1.
Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
• • • •
Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes. iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity.
2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are:
i)
Management information systems
?
? ? ?
Routine information for routine decisions Operational efficiency Use transaction data as main input Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas
ii) Decision Support System
• Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems
•
End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
iii) Executive information systems provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives
Other categories
a)
b) c)
Expert systems
End user computing systems Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm
d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)
Integrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations ? Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production and ordering
?
INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
IS AS DISCIPLINE
IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science, Psychology, Operations Research, Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational Theory.
Exercise. Match the type of information system with the organizational level where they are most commonly used: ? Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) ? Management Information Systems (MIS) ? Decision Support Systems (DSS) ? Expert Systems (ES)
Top Managers Middle Managers
First-Line Managers
Operatives
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
– Automate handling of data about business activities (transactions)
• Management Information Systems (MIS)
– Converts raw data from transaction processing system into meaningful form
• Decision Support Systems (DSS)
– Designed to help decision makers – Provides interactive environment for decision making
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT • Expert Systems (ES)
– Replicates decision making process – Knowledge representation describes the way an expert would approach the problem
CHALLENGES
1.Workforce downsizing 2.Information overload 3.Employee mistrust
4.Difficult to built
5.Security breaches
OPPORTUNITIES
1. Enhanced global competitiveness 2. Capture market opportunities 3. Support corporate strategy 4. Enhance worker productivity 5. Improve quality of goods and services
CONCLUSION
Information Systems are indispensable to the business, industry, academia and any organization to meet the future challenges
doc_148802995.pptx
types of information systems, information systems vs information technology, expanding roles of IS, classification of IS, ERP, opportunities and challenges of information systems.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
OUTLINE
? ? ? ? ?
Definitions Types of Information Systems Information Systems Vs Information Technology Expanding Roles of IS Classification of IS
?
? ? ? ?
Enterprise Resource Planning
Information Systems Development IS as Discipline
Information systems: Opportunities and Challenges
Conclusion
DEFINITIONS
Data Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves. Information Salesperson: J. Jones Sales Territory: Western Region Current Sales: 147 Units = Rs147,000
Data Rs35,000 12 Units Rs12,000 J. Jones Western Region Rs. 100,000 100 Units 35 Units
Data Processing
Definitions
Information Systems
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of interrelated elements or components that collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Open System Close System
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1. 2. Informal Information System Formal Information System
CHAPTER OPENING CASE
Upstream activities: exploration and production
Downstream activities: refining, marketing, transportation, sales
COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM
An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks and the data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates information in a organization.
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Computer-based information systems (CBIS) use computer technology to perform some or all of their tasks and are composed of:
? Hardware ? Software ?A
Database ? A Network ? Procedures ? People
INFORMATION SYSTEMS INSIDE YOUR ORGANIZATION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OUTSIDE YOUR ORGANIZATION
BREADTH OF SUPPORT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Functional area information systems: It support particular functional areas in an organization. ? Enterprise resource planning systems: It tightly integrate the functional area information systems via a common database.
?
BREADTH OF SUPPORT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Transaction processing systems: support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s basic business transactions. ? Inter organizational information systems: IT connect two or more organizations. Examples are supply chain management systems and electronic commerce systems.
?
INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUPPORT FOR ORGANIZATION EMPLOYEES
Office automation systems: typically support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers. These people use OASs to development documents, schedule resources, and communicate. ? Functional area information systems: It summarize data and prepare reports, primarily for middle managers.
?
Business intelligence systems: It provide computer-based support for complex, non-routine systems, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers. ? Expert Systems: It attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain. ? Dashboards: It support all managers by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.
?
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Competitive Advantage: An advantage over competitors in some measure such as cost, quality, or speed, leads to control of a market and to larger- than average profits. ? Strategic Information Systems (SIS) provide a competitive advantage by helping an organization to implement its strategic goals and to increase its performance and productivity.
?
2.3 WHY ARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS IMPORTANT TO ORGANIZATIONS & SOCIETY
• IT will reduce the number of middle managers. • IT will change the manager’s job. • IT impacts employees at work. • IT provides quality-of-life improvements.
IS VS IT
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Hardware Software Databases are used to build INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Payroll System
Inventor y System
Networks
Other related components
Marketin g System
Customer Service System
EXPANDING ROLES OF IS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s Decision support: 1970s-1980s Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s
CLASSIFICATION OF IS
Information Systems
Operations Support System
Management Support System
Transaction processing systems
Process control systems
Office automation systems
Manageme nt information systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems
1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations Major categories are: i) Transaction processing systems ii) Process control systems iii) Office automation systems 2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are i) ii) iii) Management Information System Decision Support Systems Executive Information System
1.
Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
• • • •
Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes. iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity.
2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are:
i)
Management information systems
?
? ? ?
Routine information for routine decisions Operational efficiency Use transaction data as main input Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas
ii) Decision Support System
• Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems
•
End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
iii) Executive information systems provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives
Other categories
a)
b) c)
Expert systems
End user computing systems Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm
d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)
Integrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations ? Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production and ordering
?
INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
IS AS DISCIPLINE
IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science, Psychology, Operations Research, Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational Theory.
Exercise. Match the type of information system with the organizational level where they are most commonly used: ? Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) ? Management Information Systems (MIS) ? Decision Support Systems (DSS) ? Expert Systems (ES)
Top Managers Middle Managers
First-Line Managers
Operatives
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
– Automate handling of data about business activities (transactions)
• Management Information Systems (MIS)
– Converts raw data from transaction processing system into meaningful form
• Decision Support Systems (DSS)
– Designed to help decision makers – Provides interactive environment for decision making
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT • Expert Systems (ES)
– Replicates decision making process – Knowledge representation describes the way an expert would approach the problem
CHALLENGES
1.Workforce downsizing 2.Information overload 3.Employee mistrust
4.Difficult to built
5.Security breaches
OPPORTUNITIES
1. Enhanced global competitiveness 2. Capture market opportunities 3. Support corporate strategy 4. Enhance worker productivity 5. Improve quality of goods and services
CONCLUSION
Information Systems are indispensable to the business, industry, academia and any organization to meet the future challenges
doc_148802995.pptx