Description
The report to understanding of organizational behavior, features of organizational behavior.
INDIVIDUAL & ORGANISATION
COURSE CONTENTS
Chapter I : Introduction to Organizational Behavior B h i
LEARNING OBJECTIVES : - Understanding Organizational Behavior - Definition – Organizational Behavior -F Features of O f Organizational Behavior i i lB h i - O B Then & Now - Factors influencing Human Behavior - Generalizations about behavior
Understanding Organizational Behavior
Organization is a social system since it is basically an association of human beings. beings The major concern of modern organization is how to maximize the contribution of human beings towards g the attainment of organizational goals. Since, the human behavior influences the contribution of people towards organizational goals; the manager f l t d i ti l l th must understand the way human beings behave. Managers should be able to establish connectivity amongst the human variables and organizational effectiveness in order to use the human potential optimally.
DefinitionDefinition- Organizational Behavior
‘ Organizational Behavior is concerned with the study of the behavior of people within an organizational setting. It involves the setting understanding, prediction , and control of human behavior and the factors which factors, influence the performance of people as members of an organization” organization - Fred Luthans
Features of Organizational Behavior
Three broad features of OB: 1. O B is the study of human behavior 2. The study of O B pertains to behavior in an organization 3. Knowledge about human behavior would be useful in improving an organization’s p g g effectiveness
O B THEN AND NOW
Early attempts to study behavior in organizations came out of a desire to improve worker’s p productivity. Among the earlier attempts are: y g p 1. Time Motion Study (Frederick W.Taylor): y( y ) A type of applied research designed to classify and streamline the individual movements needed to perform jobs with the intent of finding ‘the one best way’ to perform them.
O B THEN …Contd Contd
2. Scientific Management: g An early approach to management and g p g organizational behavior emphasizing the importance of designing jobs as efficiently as possible. 3. Human Relations Movement: A perspective on organizational behavior and recognizes the importance of social process in work settings
O B THEN contd THEN…contd.
4. Hawthorne Studies (Elton Mayo) : 4 The earliest systematic research in the field of O B was performed to determine how the design of work environments affected performance. Above studies concluded: - Organizations are social systems. How effectively p p people worked depended in great part not only on p g p y the physical aspects of the working conditions but also on the social conditions they encountered.
O B THEN contd THEN…contd.
- To understand behavior on the job, we must fully f ll appreciate the employee’s attitudes i t th l ’ ttit d and how they communicate with each other. - These conclusions produced a new way of thinking about behavior at work.
Give some examples of problems a manager might face for which a knowledge of i ht f f hi h k l d f organizational behavior might prove beneficial f fi di b fi i l for finding solutions. l ti
Discipline that contribute to OB
Psychology: ( Individual ) Learning, Motivation, Personality, Emotion, Perception, Leadership, Job satisfaction, P ti L d hi J b ti f ti Attitude, Work Stress Social Psychology: ( Group ) Group processes, Group decision making, pp p g Attitude change, Behavioral change, communication
Discipline …… contd. contd
Sociology: (Organization) (Organization) Power, Conflict, Inter-group behavior, InterFormal organization theory, Organizational theory change, Organizational change, Anthropology: (Organization system) (Organization system) Comparative values, comparative attitudes, Cross- l Cross-cultural analysis, Organizational C l l i O i i l culture
The Dependent Variables in OB
Productivity Absenteeism Turnover Job satisfaction Deviant work place behavior Organizational Citizenship Behavior
The Independent Variables in OB
Individual level variables: age, gender, marital status, personality, emotional framework, values, attitudes, basic ability Group level variables: group behavior, Team work, communications pattern, leadership, power, politics, level of conflict politics Organization System level variables: formal organization, organization’s internal culture, HR g , g , policies & practices, performance evaluation methods
Factors influencing Human Behavior
Human behavior : According to Lewin, human behavior is a function of both person Lewin (P) and environment (E) B=ƒ B=ƒ (P x E) The factors which influence the behavior of individual in an organization are: g a) Environmental Factors b) Personal (Biographical) Factors P l (Bi hi l) F t c) Psychological Factors d) Organizational Factors
Factors influencing…contd.
a)
Environmental factors : “An organization’s environment represents anything outside the organization itself..” itself Environmental factors include the following: 1. Economic : National wage policy, employment opportunities, wage structures, economic conditions, perper-capita income. 2. 2 Technological Environment : Technological obsolescence , technological changes 3. Political Environment : Stability of government , low capital investment, industry or agriculture orientation, labor intensive industry policy, political ideology 4. Socio lt l E i 4 S i -cultural Environment : Social values, norms, work Sociot S i l l k ethics, attitudes and behavior
Factors influencing…contd.
b) Personal Factors : Every individual brings to the work place variety of personal characteristics and attributes which affect the functioning of the organization . Some of these factors are as follows: 1. Age : Younger or older age-group in organization g g age-g p g g 2. Sex : Male and female ratio in the work-force work3. Marital Status : Consistency in the behavior of married employees . i d l 4. Number of dependents : It’s relationship with labor turn-over and high absenteeism turn5. Education : Level of education and individual expectations, type of education
Factors influencing…Contd.
c) Psychological Factors : These are an individual’s mental characteristics and attributes that can affect behavior. Though behavior not always observable, their role in affecting individual behavior is considered. These factors are as follows: 1. Personality :Locus of control, high need achievers, authoritarianism, self-esteemed and risk taking self2. Perception : The process of interpreting stimuli, i h fi i i li sensations from the outside world, are altered by previous learning, memories, expectations, believes learning memories expectations attitudes, values
Factors influencing…contd.
3. Abilities : It is made up of two sets viz., a) Intellectual ability : Dimension
Number aptitude Verbal Comprehension Perceptual speed Inductive I d i reasoning i Deductive reasoning
Description
Ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic Ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other Ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately Ability identify logical Abili to id if a l i l sequence i a in problem and then solve the problem Ability to use logic and assess the implication of an argument Ability to retain and recall past experience
Memory
Factors influencing…contd.
b) Physical abilities :
Dynamic Strength Trunk strength Static strength Extent flexibility Dynamic flexibility Body coordination Balance Stamina Ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time y Ability to exert muscular strength using the trunk (particularly abdominal) muscles Ability to exert force against external objects Ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible Ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements Ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body Ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance Ability to continue maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over time
Factors influencing…contd. g
4. Attitudes : It is regarded as the way a person feels about something, which determines his reaction towards others. others If an individual has an negative attitude towards his superiors he always react negatively towards them. 5. 5 Self concept : The way an individual views the world depends a great deal on the concept or image he has about himself.
Factors influencing…contd.
d) Organizational factors : The behavior of individuals in an organization is influenced by organizational factors. They are : 1. Physical facilities : Lighting, ventilation, airairconditioning, conditioning space provided and office automation 2. Organization, Structure and Design: Hierarchy of levels, levels reporting relationship unity of command relationship, 3. Leadership : Supervision, direction, assistance, coaching, delegating 4. Reward systems : Recognition, fair treatment, adequate compensation without discrimination q p
Generalizations about behavior
Happy workers are productive workers Everyone wants a challenging job Everyone is motivated by money The most effective work groups are devoid of conflict You have to scare people a little to get them to do their jobs A systematic approach is required
THANK YOU
doc_340184877.pdf
The report to understanding of organizational behavior, features of organizational behavior.
INDIVIDUAL & ORGANISATION
COURSE CONTENTS
Chapter I : Introduction to Organizational Behavior B h i
LEARNING OBJECTIVES : - Understanding Organizational Behavior - Definition – Organizational Behavior -F Features of O f Organizational Behavior i i lB h i - O B Then & Now - Factors influencing Human Behavior - Generalizations about behavior
Understanding Organizational Behavior
Organization is a social system since it is basically an association of human beings. beings The major concern of modern organization is how to maximize the contribution of human beings towards g the attainment of organizational goals. Since, the human behavior influences the contribution of people towards organizational goals; the manager f l t d i ti l l th must understand the way human beings behave. Managers should be able to establish connectivity amongst the human variables and organizational effectiveness in order to use the human potential optimally.
DefinitionDefinition- Organizational Behavior
‘ Organizational Behavior is concerned with the study of the behavior of people within an organizational setting. It involves the setting understanding, prediction , and control of human behavior and the factors which factors, influence the performance of people as members of an organization” organization - Fred Luthans
Features of Organizational Behavior
Three broad features of OB: 1. O B is the study of human behavior 2. The study of O B pertains to behavior in an organization 3. Knowledge about human behavior would be useful in improving an organization’s p g g effectiveness
O B THEN AND NOW
Early attempts to study behavior in organizations came out of a desire to improve worker’s p productivity. Among the earlier attempts are: y g p 1. Time Motion Study (Frederick W.Taylor): y( y ) A type of applied research designed to classify and streamline the individual movements needed to perform jobs with the intent of finding ‘the one best way’ to perform them.
O B THEN …Contd Contd
2. Scientific Management: g An early approach to management and g p g organizational behavior emphasizing the importance of designing jobs as efficiently as possible. 3. Human Relations Movement: A perspective on organizational behavior and recognizes the importance of social process in work settings
O B THEN contd THEN…contd.
4. Hawthorne Studies (Elton Mayo) : 4 The earliest systematic research in the field of O B was performed to determine how the design of work environments affected performance. Above studies concluded: - Organizations are social systems. How effectively p p people worked depended in great part not only on p g p y the physical aspects of the working conditions but also on the social conditions they encountered.
O B THEN contd THEN…contd.
- To understand behavior on the job, we must fully f ll appreciate the employee’s attitudes i t th l ’ ttit d and how they communicate with each other. - These conclusions produced a new way of thinking about behavior at work.
Give some examples of problems a manager might face for which a knowledge of i ht f f hi h k l d f organizational behavior might prove beneficial f fi di b fi i l for finding solutions. l ti
Discipline that contribute to OB
Psychology: ( Individual ) Learning, Motivation, Personality, Emotion, Perception, Leadership, Job satisfaction, P ti L d hi J b ti f ti Attitude, Work Stress Social Psychology: ( Group ) Group processes, Group decision making, pp p g Attitude change, Behavioral change, communication
Discipline …… contd. contd
Sociology: (Organization) (Organization) Power, Conflict, Inter-group behavior, InterFormal organization theory, Organizational theory change, Organizational change, Anthropology: (Organization system) (Organization system) Comparative values, comparative attitudes, Cross- l Cross-cultural analysis, Organizational C l l i O i i l culture
The Dependent Variables in OB
Productivity Absenteeism Turnover Job satisfaction Deviant work place behavior Organizational Citizenship Behavior
The Independent Variables in OB
Individual level variables: age, gender, marital status, personality, emotional framework, values, attitudes, basic ability Group level variables: group behavior, Team work, communications pattern, leadership, power, politics, level of conflict politics Organization System level variables: formal organization, organization’s internal culture, HR g , g , policies & practices, performance evaluation methods
Factors influencing Human Behavior
Human behavior : According to Lewin, human behavior is a function of both person Lewin (P) and environment (E) B=ƒ B=ƒ (P x E) The factors which influence the behavior of individual in an organization are: g a) Environmental Factors b) Personal (Biographical) Factors P l (Bi hi l) F t c) Psychological Factors d) Organizational Factors
Factors influencing…contd.
a)
Environmental factors : “An organization’s environment represents anything outside the organization itself..” itself Environmental factors include the following: 1. Economic : National wage policy, employment opportunities, wage structures, economic conditions, perper-capita income. 2. 2 Technological Environment : Technological obsolescence , technological changes 3. Political Environment : Stability of government , low capital investment, industry or agriculture orientation, labor intensive industry policy, political ideology 4. Socio lt l E i 4 S i -cultural Environment : Social values, norms, work Sociot S i l l k ethics, attitudes and behavior
Factors influencing…contd.
b) Personal Factors : Every individual brings to the work place variety of personal characteristics and attributes which affect the functioning of the organization . Some of these factors are as follows: 1. Age : Younger or older age-group in organization g g age-g p g g 2. Sex : Male and female ratio in the work-force work3. Marital Status : Consistency in the behavior of married employees . i d l 4. Number of dependents : It’s relationship with labor turn-over and high absenteeism turn5. Education : Level of education and individual expectations, type of education
Factors influencing…Contd.
c) Psychological Factors : These are an individual’s mental characteristics and attributes that can affect behavior. Though behavior not always observable, their role in affecting individual behavior is considered. These factors are as follows: 1. Personality :Locus of control, high need achievers, authoritarianism, self-esteemed and risk taking self2. Perception : The process of interpreting stimuli, i h fi i i li sensations from the outside world, are altered by previous learning, memories, expectations, believes learning memories expectations attitudes, values
Factors influencing…contd.
3. Abilities : It is made up of two sets viz., a) Intellectual ability : Dimension
Number aptitude Verbal Comprehension Perceptual speed Inductive I d i reasoning i Deductive reasoning
Description
Ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic Ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other Ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately Ability identify logical Abili to id if a l i l sequence i a in problem and then solve the problem Ability to use logic and assess the implication of an argument Ability to retain and recall past experience
Memory
Factors influencing…contd.
b) Physical abilities :
Dynamic Strength Trunk strength Static strength Extent flexibility Dynamic flexibility Body coordination Balance Stamina Ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time y Ability to exert muscular strength using the trunk (particularly abdominal) muscles Ability to exert force against external objects Ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible Ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements Ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body Ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance Ability to continue maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over time
Factors influencing…contd. g
4. Attitudes : It is regarded as the way a person feels about something, which determines his reaction towards others. others If an individual has an negative attitude towards his superiors he always react negatively towards them. 5. 5 Self concept : The way an individual views the world depends a great deal on the concept or image he has about himself.
Factors influencing…contd.
d) Organizational factors : The behavior of individuals in an organization is influenced by organizational factors. They are : 1. Physical facilities : Lighting, ventilation, airairconditioning, conditioning space provided and office automation 2. Organization, Structure and Design: Hierarchy of levels, levels reporting relationship unity of command relationship, 3. Leadership : Supervision, direction, assistance, coaching, delegating 4. Reward systems : Recognition, fair treatment, adequate compensation without discrimination q p
Generalizations about behavior
Happy workers are productive workers Everyone wants a challenging job Everyone is motivated by money The most effective work groups are devoid of conflict You have to scare people a little to get them to do their jobs A systematic approach is required
THANK YOU
doc_340184877.pdf