INCREDIBLE INDIA –TOURISM SECTOR ON MAHARASHTRA
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI NCRD?S
STERLING COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE &SCIENCE NERUL, NAVI MUMBAI COLLEGE CODE: 331
PROJECT REPORT ON “??
SUBMITTED BY “VRUSHAB S AFZALPURKAR”
PROJECT GUIDE “PROF. K. PRASUNA ??
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE COURSE OF BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (B.M.S)
T.Y.B.M.S. (SEMESTER V) ACADEMIC YEAR 2013-14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to STERLING INSTITUTE OF ARTS, COMMERCE AND SCIENCE for giving me an opportunity to work on the project of the analysis of emotional quotient from employee?s perspective. I am highly thankful to my esteemed guide Mrs. Prasuna for her support throughout the completion of this project.
DECLARATION
I VRUSHAB S AFZALPURKAR Student of NCRD?S STERLING COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE & SCIENCE, studying in B.M.S (Semester V) hereby declare that I have completed this project report on “INCREDIBLE INDIA–TOURISM SECTOR ON MAHARASHTRA” And has not been submitted to any other University of Institute for the award of any degree, diploma etc. The information is submitted by me is true and original to the best of my knowledge.
Date: _________ Place: Nerul Navi Mumbai
___________________ (VRUSHAB S AFZALPURKAR)
Index
SR. NO CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1 2
INTRODUCTION
6 7
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES 3 INCREDIBLE INDIA CAMPAIGN 4 5 PROBLEMS IN TOURISM INDUSTRY EFFECT OF TERRORISM &SWINE FLU ON TOURISM 6 DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN INDIA 28 12 14 9
7
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM IN INDIA
32
8
Cities of Maharashtra
42
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
59 67 96 99 102 104 112
16
113
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
India is one country many people long to see, and having seen it once, wish to return again and again. India is, indeed, incredible.
India is a country of bewilderingly great diversities. We keep marveling at the incredibly harmonious co-existence of various religions & culture, its varied landscapes from Kashmir to Kannyakumari and from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, the different cuisines, etc! In fact every single home is like a school of kitchen! India is also a place for Ayurveda, Yoga, learning, amazing arts & crafts, mountains, backwaters, nature, rivers, deserts, wildlife enthusiasts . India is a jigsaw of people of every faith and religion, living together to create a unique and colourful mosaic. India had become the centre of religious and spiritual activities where four major world religions Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated, while Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism arrived in the first millennium and shaped the region's variegated culture of India. That is why India is called the homeland of spiritual figures in the forms of rishis, faqirs.The soil and climate of India are so excellent and so varied that one can find the cool mountain pastures beside the glaciers, through windy plateau, to warm river valleys and burning deserts. Holidays in India has four major seasons to celebrate - Winter (January-February), Summer (March-May), Monsoon(June-September),andPost-Monsoon(October-December). The notable aspects of India?s soft power cover as many different spheres as imaginably possible, from simple agriculture, to ritual religious practice, to quality technological services. India?s hard power is measured by its substantial military, which has sustained its autonomy and desire through many wearisome points in the nation?s history.
Government Initiatives
The Tourism Ministry has also played an important role in the development of the industry. Tourism was officially recognized as an industry in 1982.Before 2002, the Indian government regularly formulated policies and prepared pamphlets and brochures for the promotion of tourism; however, it did not support tourism in a concerted fashion .As a result, the country attracted very few tourists. However, in 2002, the government made a conscious effort to bring in more professionalism in its attempts to promote tourism. It announced a New Tourism Policy to give the much needed boost to the tourism sector. This policy is built around the 7-S Mantra of Swaagat (welcome), Soochanaa (information), Suvidhaa (facilitation), Surakshaa (security), Sahyog (cooperation), Sanrachnaa (infrastructure) and Safaai (cleanliness). Some of the salient features of the New Tourism Policy are: • The policy proposes the inclusion of tourism in the concurrent list of the Constitution to enable both the central and state governments to participate in the development of the sector. • • • • No approval required for foreign equity of up to 51 per cent in tourism projects. NRI investment up to 100% allowed. Automatic approval for Technology agreements in the hotel industry, subject to the fulfillment of certain specified parameters. Concession rates on customs duty of 25% for goods that are required for initial setting up, or for substantial expansion of hotels. 50% of profits derived by hotels, travel agents and tour operators in foreign exchange are exempt from income tax. The remaining profits are also exempt if reinvested in a tourism related project.
Apart from this, government took several other measures for the promotion of tourism. A multipronged approach was adopted, which included new mechanism for speedy implementation of tourism projects, development of integrated tourism circuits and rural destinations, special capacity building in the unorganized hospitality sector and new marketing strategy. As part of this marketing strategy, The Government of India formulated integrated communication propaganda with the aim of promoting India as a destination of choice for the discerning traveler.
Incredible India Campaign
The services of Ogilvy & Mather (India) (O&M) were employed to create a new campaign to increase tourist inflows into the country. The 'Incredible India' campaign, as it was called, was launched in 2002 with a series of television commercials and print advertisements. It projected India as an attractive tourist destination by showcasing different aspects of Indian culture and history like yoga, spirituality and many others. The campaign was conducted globally and received appreciation from tourism industry observers and travelers alike. It made and continues to make a powerful visual impact on the global audience and has created a perception of India as being a magical place to visit.
Problems in Tourism Industry
The potential for growth and development of tourism in India is clearly immense. However, there is no denying the fact that India?s tourism industry is plagued with several problems, faced by both domestic and foreign tourists. Some of the problems are as follows: • • • • • • • • Excessive formalities are required for an issue of special permit to view restricted areas sites like Sunderbans Untrained Guides & Sherpas Lack of Infrastructure Roads, Flyovers, Telecommunication and Virtual Network Lack of facilities like availability of fresh water, clean restroom, hygienic food & beverages while travelling Danger of fraud, cheating, thefts or physical assault by antisocial elements Communication and culture problem which is precipitated by the lack of knowledgeable interpreters Lack of direction boards and other readily accessible portals of information during the journey Tourism itineraries that do not provide value for money. Unnecessary sites are added in the itinerary to extend the length of stay and increase the cost of package which is highly inconvenient for tourists.
Apart from the above problems, the biggest challenge facing the tourism industry in India is the threat of terrorism. The tourism sector is witnessing a downturn due to the travel advisories being issued by various countries against India, recently for the terror attacks in Mumbai and in other destinations in the past. The attacks are expected to dent the image of 'Incredible India' and make it difficult for the 'brand' to achieve its goal of doubling tourist arrivals from last year's five million to ten million by 2010. Tourism figures may even regress, as it happened in Bali after the bombings in a nightclub in 2002 and the country lost more than one third of its tourism traffic overnight.
Effect of Terrorism on Tourism
The Mumbai terror acts have put an end to the tourism season, especially the inbound segment, as 22 foreign tourists were killed spreading a wave of fear among foreign nationals slated to visit India. Thus, Indian tourism sector and all players of the travel industry are now witnessing a flurry of booking cancellations by overseas visitors. Due to low volumes, few travel suppliers might consider a reduction in prices to attract business. On this, a Delhi based tour operator said, “The drop in prices will not bring in more volumes and I think the industry over the years has matured and has realized that dropping prices in many ways at the end of the day just harms all of us and it is still the same amount of business that is going to come in”, says Mukesh Jagga, President, Association of Domestic Tour Operators of India (ADTOI). Both leisure and business segments were hampered due to the economic downturn. The threat of terrorism will further slow down the leisure segment and to some extent business travel as well.
Effect of Swine Flu on Tourism
The recent spread of swine flu has struck another blow to the tourism industry. Swine flu has affected the whole country and domestic tourism business has been badly affected. People travelling to and fro from different parts of the country have postponed their trips because of swine flu. Regular business trips are still continuing and the number of cancellations from foreign clients is also not significant. However, with WHO raising its concern over increase in virus activity during monsoons, inbound tourism has dropped by almost 30 per cent. While Indian tour operators find their problems multiplying he only thing that they want in such a situation is for the media to not hype the situation. The extensive media coverage is creating a panic like situation among tourists which is often baseless. Due to the coverage from Pune, tourists have cancelled their bookings. There has been a similar effect on Rajasthan as well. The tourism industry in India's northwestern city of Jaipur, has taken a huge plunge. The industry has been registering huge losses due to swine flu, with around ten to fifteen percent of tourists either canceling or postponing their visit to the city.
Probable Solutions
Each of the above problems has to be dealt with carefully and solved eventually, for the unstinted growth of the tourism industry. Unnecessary bureaucratic complications should be avoided so that travel to remote and exotic destinations can be undertaken without any hassles. This can generate revenue for these locations and also aid in the development of the local communities. The local guides and sherpas should be trained by the state tourism bodies. The local youth in the tourist locations should be encouraged to enroll as interpreters and the required linguistic skills should be imparted to them. This will greatly aid foreign tourists. The government should undertake cleanliness drives, infrastructural development and provide a holistic hygienic travelling environment for all tourists. Vaccinations and medical facilities to combat indigenous diseases should also be readily available. The tourism sector as a whole needs superior administration and management, both at the central and the state level, so that tourists have an „Incredible? experience. To combat the threat of terrorism, the government should enhance security levels in the country and simultaneously communicate to other countries that India is a safe place to visit. Veena Patil, CMD, Kesari Tours Pvt. Ltd. is of the opinion that travel agents and tour operators should not worry and instead, believe that in the next six months tourists will gain confidence and the fortunes of the tourism industry will be revived. Meanwhile, travel trade can focus on domestic tourism as this segment has higher potential than inbound. Recently, the Ministry of Tourism (MoT) announced that most tourists currently travelling in India have not cancelled their travel plans. Talking about the recent feedback taken by MoT from various inbound tourists, Devesh Chaturvedi, Director, MoT said, “Most international tourists currently in India have not changed their travel plans and flown off. Instead tourists around India are expressing strong intention of continuing their itinerary in India.”. The international and national tourism offices of India Tourism are cracking every nut to change the perception of fear created by the influence maker – Media. India Tourism board in United Kingdom is planning to launch a campaign aimed at reassuring visitors that the country is safe following the attacks in Mumbai.
A spokesperson from India Tourism, UK said, “We are in talks with MoT in India and local tour operators to launch the new ad campaign for rebuilding the India brand. The travel trade has till now not recorded any cancellations for travelling to India but are planning for a change in itinerary. We are in talks with the travel trade on national and international level for their support to rebuild the image of India as a safe tourist destination. We are working on several short term plans to reinforce the confidence of travelers travelling to India, but don?t want to disclose at this point of time about plans that are underway.” On similar note, Sujata Thakur, Regional Director – Western Region, India Tourism said, “Government has initiated few action plans in the right direction and we are looking forward for a positive outcome in tourism. We are going to work closely with travel trade to enhance the brand image of India as a secure tourist destination. That is our numero uno action plan right now” Whatever be the action plan of MoT, the tourism sector has to sustain the hard blow of terrorism. The terror attacks can happen anywhere in the world. It should be realized that the impact of terrorism on tourism is not limited to the trend in arrivals in a destination immediately following the occurrence of an incident, but extends to the „reaction to the reaction? of authorities and private sector tourism enterprises to the threat of terrorism. For example, restrictions on hand luggage in airports or the requirement for biometric passports might deter tourists as well. With regard to swine flu, the advent of vaccinations should improve the situation. Government as well as private hospitals should be equipped so as to provide the correct medication in case of disease detection.
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN INDIA Early Development
The first conscious and organized efforts to promote tourism in India were made in 1945 when a committee was set up by the Government under the Chairmanship of Sir John Sargent, the then Educational Adviser to the Government of India (Krishna, A.G., 1993). Thereafter, the development of tourism was taken up in a planned manner in 1956 coinciding with the Second Five Year Plan. The approach has evolved from isolated planning of single unit facilities in the Second and Third Five Year Plans. The Sixth Plan marked the beginning of a new era when tourism began to be considered a major instrument for social integration and economic development. But it was only after the 80?s that tourism activity gained momentum. The Government took several significant steps. A National Policy on tourism was announced in 1982. Later in 1988, the National Committee on Tourism formulated a comprehensive plan for achieving a sustainable growth in tourism. In 1992, a National Action Plan was prepared and in 1996 the National Strategy for Promotion of Tourism was drafted. In 1997, the New Tourism Policy recognises the roles of Central and State governments, public sector undertakings and the private sector in the development of tourism were. The need for involvement of Panchayati Raj institutions, local bodies, non-governmental organisations and the local youth in the creation of tourism facilities has also been recognised. Present Situation and Features of Tourism in India Today tourism is the largest service industry in India, with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDP and providing 8.78% of the total employment. India witnesses more than 5 million annual foreign tourist arrivals and 562 million domestic tourism visits. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the development and promotion of tourism in India and maintains the "Incredible India" campaign. According to World Travel and Tourism Council, India will be a tourism hotspot from 2009-2018, having the highest 10-year growth potential. As per the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009 by the World Economic Forum, India is ranked 11th in the Asia Pacific region and 62nd overall, moving up three places on the list of the world's attractive destinations. It is ranked the 14th best tourist destination for its natural resources and 24th for its cultural resources, with many World Heritage Sites, both natural and cultural, rich fauna, and strong creative industries in the country. India also bagged 37th rank for its air transport network. The India travel and tourism industry ranked 5th in the long-term (10-year) growth and is expected to be the second largest employer in the world by 2019. The 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi are expected to significantly boost tourism in India further. Moreover, India has been ranked the "best country brand for value-for-money" in the Country Brand Index (CBI) survey conducted by Future Brand, a leading global brand consultancy. India also claimed the second place in CBI's "best country brand for history", as well as appears among the top 5 in the best country brand for authenticity and art & culture, and the fourth best new country for business. India made it to the list of "rising stars" or the countries that are likely to become major tourist destinations in the next five years, led by the United Arab Emirates, China, and Vietnam. Tourist Attractions in India: India is a country known for its lavish treatment to all visitors, no matter where they come from. Its visitor-friendly traditions, varied life styles and cultural heritage and colourful fairs and festivals held abiding attractions for the tourists.
The other attractions include beautiful beaches, forests and wild life and landscapes for ecotourism; snow, river and mountain peaks for adventure tourism; technological parks and science museums for science tourism; centres of pilgrimage for spiritual tourism; heritage, trains and hotels for heritage tourism. Yoga, ayurveda and natural health resorts and hill stations also attract tourists. The Indian handicrafts particularly, jewellery, carpets, leather goods, ivory and brass work are the main shopping items of foreign tourists. It is estimated through survey that nearly forty per cent of the tourist expenditure on shopping is spent on such items. Despite the economic slowdown, medical tourism in India is the fastest growing segment of tourism industry, according to the market research report “Booming Medical Tourism in India”. The report adds that India offers a great potential in the medical tourism industry. Factors such as low cost, scale and range of treatments provided in the country add to its attractiveness as a medical tourism destination. Initiatives to Boost Tourism: Some of the recent initiatives taken by the Government to boost tourism include grant of export house status to the tourism sector and incentives for promoting private investment in the form of Income Tax exemptions, interest subsidy and reduced import duty. The hotel and tourism-related industry has been declared a high priority industry for foreign investment which entails automatic approval of direct investment up to 51 per cent of foreign equity and allowing 100 per cent non-resident Indian investment and simplifying rules regarding the grant of approval to travel agents, tour operators and tourist transport operators. The first-ever Indian Tourism Day was celebrated on January 25, 1998. The Year 1999 was celebrated as Explore India Millennium Year by presenting a spectacular tableau on the cultural heritage of India at the Republic Day Parade and organising India Tourism Expo in New Delhi and Khajuraho. Moreover, the campaign ‘Visit India Year 2009’ was launched at the International Tourism Exchange in Berlin, aimed to project India as an attractive destination for holidaymakers. The government joined hands with leading airlines, hoteliers, holiday resorts and tour operators, and offered them a wide range of incentives and bonuses during the period between April and December, 2009. Future Prospects: According to the latest Tourism Satellite Accounting (TSA) research, released by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) and its strategic partner Oxford Economics in March 2009: • • • • • The demand for travel and tourism in India is expected to grow by 8.2 per cent between 2010 and 2019 and will place India at the third position in the world. India's travel and tourism sector is expected to be the second largest employer in the world, employing 40,037,000 by 2019. Capital investment in India's travel and tourism sector is expected to grow at 8.8 per cent between 2010 and 2019. The report forecasts India to get capital investment worth US$ 94.5 billion in the travel and tourism sector in 2019. India is projected to become the fifth fastest growing business travel destination from 2010-2019 with an estimated real growth rate of 7.6 per cent. Constraints: The major constraint in the development of tourism in India is the non-availability of adequate infrastructure including adequate air seat capacity, accessibility to tourist destinations, accommodation and trained manpower in sufficient number. Poor visitor experience, particularly, due to inadequate infrastructural facilities, poor hygienic conditions and incidents of touting and harassment of tourists in some places are factors that contribute to poor visitor experience
IMPACT OF TOURISM IN INDIA
Tourism industry in India has several positive and negative impacts on the economy and society. These impacts are highlighted below. POSITIVE IMPACTS 1. Generating Income and Employment: Tourism in India has emerged as an instrument of income and employment generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human development. It contributes 6.23% to the national GDP and 8.78% of the total employment in India. Almost 20 million people are now working in the India?s tourism industry. 2. Source of Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange earnings in India. This has favourable impact on the balance of payment of the country. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. 3. Preservation of National Heritage and Environment: Tourism helps preserve several places which are of historical importance by declaring them as heritage sites. For instance, the Taj Mahal, the Qutab Minar, Ajanta and Ellora temples, etc, would have been decayed and destroyed had it not been for the efforts taken by Tourism Department to preserve them. Likewise, tourism also helps in conserving the natural habitats of many endangered species. 4. Developing Infrastructure: Tourism tends to encourage the development of multiple-use infrastructure that benefits the host community, including various means of transports, health care facilities, and sports centers, in addition to the hotels and high-end restaurants that cater to foreign visitors. The development of infrastructure has in turn induced the development of other directly productive activities. 5. Promoting Peace and Stability: Honey and Gilpin (2009) suggests that the tourism industry can also help promote peace and stability in developing country like India by providing jobs, generating income, diversifying the economy, protecting the environment, and promoting cross-cultural awareness. However, key challenges like adoption of regulatory frameworks, mechanisms to reduce crime and corruption, etc, must be addressed if peace-enhancing benefits from this industry are to be realized. NEGATIVE IMPACTS 1. Undesirable Social and Cultural Change: Tourism sometimes led to the destruction of the social fabric of a community. The more tourists coming into a place, the more the perceived risk of that place losing its identity. A good example is Goa. From the late 60's to the early 80's when the Hippy culture was at its height, Goa was a haven for such hippies. Here they came in thousands and changed the whole culture of the state leading to a rise in the use of drugs, prostitution and human trafficking. This had a ripple effect on the country. 2. Increase Tension and Hostility: Tourism can increase tension, hostility, and suspicion between the tourists and the local communities when there is no respect and understanding for each other?s culture and way of life. This may further lead to violence and other crimes committed against the tourists. The recent crime committed against Russian tourist in Goa is a case in point. 3. Creating a Sense of Antipathy: Tourism brought little benefit to the local community. In most all-inclusive package tours more than 80% of travelers? fees go to the airlines, hotels and other international companies, not to local businessmen and workers. Moreover, large hotel chain restaurants often import food to satisfy foreign visitors and rarely employ local staff for senior management positions, preventing local farmers and workers from reaping the benefit of their presence. This has often created a sense of antipathy towards the tourists and the government.
4. Adverse Effects on Environment and Ecology: One of the most important adverse effects of tourism on the environment is increased pressure on the carrying capacity of the ecosystem in each tourist locality. Increased transport and construction activities led to large scale deforestation and destabilisation of natural landforms, while increased tourist flow led to increase in solid waste dumping as well as depletion of water and fuel resources. Flow of tourists to ecologically sensitive areas resulted in destruction of rare and endangered species due to trampling, killing, disturbance of breeding habitats. Noise pollution from vehicles and public address systems, water pollution, vehicular emissions, untreated sewage, etc. also have direct effects on bio-diversity, ambient environment and general profile of tourist spots.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM IN INDIA
The tourism industry in India can have several positive and negative impact on the environment which are discuss below. POSITIVE IMPACTS 1. Direct Financial Contributions Tourism can contribute directly to the conservation of sensitive areas and habitat. Revenue from park-entrance fees and similar sources can be allocated specifically to pay for the protection and management of environmentally sensitive areas. Special fees for park operations or conservation activities can be collected from tourists or tour operators. 2. Contributions to Government Revenues The Indian government through the tourism department also collect money in more far-reaching and indirect ways that are not linked to specific parks or conservation areas. User fees, income taxes, taxes on sales or rental of recreation equipment, and license fees for activities such as rafting and fishing can provide governments with the funds needed to manage natural resources. Such funds can be used for overall conservation programs and activities, such as park ranger salaries and park maintenance. 3. Improved Environmental Management and Planning Sound environmental management of tourism facilities and especially hotels can increase the benefits to natural environment. By planning early for tourism development, damaging and expensive mistakes can be prevented, avoiding the gradual deterioration of environmental assets significant to tourism. The development of tourism has moved the Indian government towards this direction leading to improved environmental management. 4. Raising Environmental Awareness Tourism has the potential to increase public appreciation of the environment and to spread awareness of environmental problems when it brings people into closer contact with nature and the environment. This confrontation heightens awareness of the value of nature among the community and lead to environmentally conscious behavior and activities to preserve the environment. 5. Protection and Preservation of Environment Tourism can significantly contribute to environmental protection, conservation and restoration of biological diversity and sustainable use of natural resources. Because of their attractiveness, pristine sites and natural areas are identified as valuable and the need to keep the attraction alive can lead to creation of national parks and wildlife parks. In India, new laws and regulations have been enacted to preserve the forest and to protect native species. The coral reefs around the coastal areas and the marine life that depend on them for survival are also protected. Negative Impacts 1. Depletion of Natural Resources: Tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when it increases consumption in areas where resources are already scarce. (i) Water resources: Water, especially fresh water, is one of the most critical natural resources. The tourism industry generally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water by tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water. (www.gdrc.org/uem/ecotour/envi/index.html). In dryer regions like Rajasthan, the issue of water scarcity is of particular concern.
(ii) Local resources: Tourism can create great pressure on local resources like energy, food, and other raw materials that may already be in short supply. Greater extraction and transport of these resources exacerbates the physical impacts associated with their exploitation. Because of the seasonal character of the industry, many destinations have ten times more inhabitants in the high season as in the low season. A high demand is placed upon these resources to meet the high expectations tourists often have (proper heating, hot water, etc.). (iii) Land degradation: Important land resources include minerals, fossil fuels, fertile soil, forests, wetland and wildlife. Increased construction of tourism and recreational facilities has increased the pressure on these resources and on scenic landscapes. Direct impact on natural resources, both renewable and nonrenewable, in the provision of tourist facilities is caused by the use of land for accommodation and other infrastructure provision, and the use of building materials Forests often suffer negative impacts of tourism in the form of deforestation caused by fuel wood collection and land clearing e.g. the trekking in the Himalayan region, Sikkim and Assam. 2. Pollution Tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry: air emissions, noise, solid waste and littering, releases of sewage, oil and chemicals, even architectural/visual pollution (i) Air and Noise Pollution: Transport by air, road, and rail is continuously increasing in response to the rising number of tourist activities in India. Transport emissions and emissions from energy production and use are linked to acid rain, global warming and photochemical pollution. Air pollution from tourist transportation has impacts on the global level, especially from carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions related to transportation energy use. And it can contribute to severe local air pollution. Some of these impacts are quite specific to tourist activities where the sites are in remote areas likeAjanta and Ellora temples. For example, tour buses often leave their motors running for hours while the tourists go out for an excursion because they want to return to a comfortably airconditioned bus. Noise pollution from airplanes, cars, and buses, as well as recreational vehicles is an ever-growing problem of modern life. In addition to causing annoyance, stress, and even hearing loss for humans, it causes distress to wildlife, especially in sensitive areas . (ii) Solid waste and littering: In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment - rivers, scenic areas, and roadsides. In mountain areas of the Himalayas and Darjeeling, trekking tourists generate a great deal of waste. Tourists on expedition leave behind their garbage, oxygen cylinders and even camping equipment. Such practices degrade the environment particularly in remote areas because they have few garbage collection or disposal facilities . (iii) Sewage: Construction of hotels, recreation and other facilities often leads to increased sewage pollution. Wastewater has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist attractions, damaging the flora and fauna. Sewage runoff causes serious damage to coral reefs because it stimulates the growth of algae, which cover the filter-feeding corals, hindering their ability to survive. Changes in salinity and siltation can have wide-ranging impacts on coastal environments. And sewage pollution can threaten the health of humans and animals. Examples of such pollution can be seen in the coastal states of Goa, Kerela, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, etc. 3. Destruction and Alteration of Ecosystem An ecosystem is a geographic area including all the living organisms (people, plants, animals, and micro-organisms), their physical surroundings (such as soil, water, and air), and the natural cycles that sustain them. Attractive landscape sites, such as sandy beaches in Goa, Maharashtra, Kerela, Tamil Nadu; lakes, riversides, and mountain tops and slopes, are often transitional zones, characterized by species-rich ecosystems.
Cities of Maharashtra
As Maharashtra is a vast state, every region of the state has a few important cities and towns. On the western coastal part of the state, Mumbai stands as the most tempted city of India with its dazzling streets and glamorous lifestyle. A few kilometers inside the mainland is another lively city, Pune. This city is known as the Queen of the Deccan and the Oxford of the East. Because of its modern lifestyle and being a commercial hub, this city is a favourite destination for tourists. Aurangabad is the pride for central Maharashtra. This historic city has Bibi Ka Maqbara, which is also known as the Taj of South India. This city is known as the city of caves. The world famous caves of Ajanta and Ellora caves are in Aurangabad. While Nashik in the northern part of the state, is a holy pilgrimage city for not only Maharashtrians but also for the whole Hindu population of India. Kumbh mela is organized for every three years in this city. Down south, bordering with Karnataka is Kolhapur, the city of shoppers' delight. This city is known for its famous for its saaj, chappals, sarees, har and malas, mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, kolhapuri saaj, pohehar and putlihar. Then comes the city of oranges - Nagpur, the pride of Vidharba region. Nagpur is an important business city of Maharashtra. Amaravati, Ahmadnagar, Thane, Chandrapur and Solapur are other some of the important cities of Maharashtra. Mumbai Having pulsating lifestyle with full of vibrancy and fun, Mumbai lives with the spirit of the changing pace set by liberalization and modernization. Mumbai is the centre of interest for foreign investors. It has changed itself into a thriving market, and an MNC's heaven. Known as the fastest city of India, Mumbai is the only city where tourists can enjoy a fine nightlife. This is the place of beaches like Marina beach and Juhu beach, and one can also opt to see the site seeings like Gateway of India, Essel World, Mani Bhawan, Jehangir Art Gallery, Siddhivinayak Temple and Bollywood. Mumbai is also the centre for all glamorous happenings in India with a constant stream of performances in film, music, dance and drama. Mumbai also offers lots of adventurous and romantic activities through its nightclubs, pubs, theatres, beaches and restaurants. And don't forget to taste the mouth-watering Mumbai's own pau bhaji, bhel puri and kebabs.
Mumbai History After the death of Asoka, Bombay had been taken over by various Hindu rulers until 1343. Mohammedans from Gujarat took the possession in the same year and ruled for nearly two centuries. Then came the Portuguese in1534 and kept the name Mumbai Excursions Elephanta caves are in the magnificent Elephanta Island, which is 11 km from Mumbai. It has beautiful carvings, sculptures, and a temple of the Hindu God, Lord Shiva. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has been a commercial, military and religions centre for centuries
Mumbai Entertainment To take a break from the day long exhausted work schedules, Mumbai has lots of sites, which can give a breathing rest. Gateway of India is a popular place where foreigners as well Indians enjoy a lot in Mumbai. One can also board a short journey Mumbai Travel Tips The local trains along with the local bus service run by the BEST carry the huge Mumbai's commuters. Local Trains leave every few minutes from stations in both directions from 4.30 am to 1.30 am. There are also yellow and black taxis, which are a convenient Mumbai Shopping Mumbai offers quite wide ranges to the shoppers. Ranges are different, and there are places, which can be suited with every type of pockets. Chor Bazaar, Mutton Street and Zaveri Bazar are some of the important areas, where shoppers enjoy with delight. Phenomenal collection of antiques, jewellery, wooden articles, How to Reach Mumbai Being a metro city and the capital of Maharashtra, Mumbai is well connected to the rest of the world and India. International fights are landed at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (formerly known as Sahar Airport) while at Chhatrapati Shivaji Domestic Mumbai Accommodation Being Mumbai a metro city of India, it offers a wide range of hotels to tourists. One can find here budget hotels to star hotels with different levels of comfort and budget, which can fit with every pocket. All the hotels offer excellent service, comfort and cleanliness. For higher people, the Taj Mahal Hotel is near the Gateway of India Mumbai Tourist Attractions Gateway of India is regarded to be the starting point for most tourists who want to travel around the Mumbai city. This 26m-high structure has four turrets and intricate latticework carved into the yellow basalt stone. Mumbaites, as well as the foreign tourists come down Mumbai Fairs and Festivals Ganesh Chaturthi is the biggest festival in Mumbai. It is celebrated with great grandeur for 11 days in the months of October or November. Hindu God Ganesh is worshipped in this festival.
Pune
Surrounded with green hills and placid lakes and having a salubrious climate, Pune is known as the Queen of the Deccan and Oxford of the East. This cultural capital of Maharashtra is among the greenest urban areas in India. Being witnessed the ups and downs of the Maratha Empire and its great ruler Shivaji, Pune has lot to narrate about its historic past. Pune is now a center for Marathi theatre, education, crafts, culture and art. The city has one of the India's oldest universities that attract students both from India and abroad. In coarse of time, Pune is becoming a commercial hub for Maharashtra state next to Mumbai with the investors and MNCs showing interest to this city. Here, one can enjoy the narrow but historic lanes of the walled city as well as the spacious and dazzling streets of the new city. Pune offers both traditional Maharashtra as well as the up-to-date and lively new look Maharashtra. Enjoy! Pune Excursions Tourists can visit Panset Dam for water sports. Here one can try kayaking or wind surfing at the newly developed water sports complex. Special facilities for speedboats and water scooters too are available. Pune Tourist Attractions Osho Ashram, also known as the Osho Communal Centre is located at the greenery area of 17 Koregoan Park of the city. The Ashram offers a variety of expensive courses on meditation. Osho Ashram attracts Pune Entertainment Being a modern city, Pune offers a lot to culture and music buffs, food and fashion lovers. Discotheques and pubs are there in the Cantonment area. 'Rain dances' and beauty pageants are held regularly Pune Fairs and Festivals This is the most important and biggest festival in Pune. It falls on the 4th day of the bright fortnight of Bhadrapada (August - September). People buy Ganesh images to keep in their houses as a divine guest for five to ten days. Pune History Rulers of different dynasties have ruled Pune. Evidence found as copper plates of 758 AD and of 768 AD reveal that the Rashtrakootas ruled this region at that time. The Pune Gazetteer explains the term Pune as Punya How to Reach Pune Indian Airlines and other private airlines are providing regular flights to Pune from Delhi. Three different flights arrived from Mumbai daily. There are four flights a week to Chennai and Bangalore. Pune city is only 12 km from the Airport Pune Accommodation Puran Poli (a paratha stuffed with jaggery and dal), Aamti (masala dal), and Alu chi Vadi (steamed arbi leaves, fried in an unusual sweet and spicy masala) are the traditional Maharashtrian cuisines that are served at the Pune restaurants Pune Travel Tips
September to June is the best time to visit Pune. The winters are fairly cool and the monsoons have heavy rains. Visiting Lonavala and Khandala are best during this season, which is not far from Pune. Pune Shopping Tulsi Baug is a noisy and unorganized market area with temporary stalls and lined shops. But here, tourists can get household items; jewellery, Maharashtrians traditional wares, pearl nose ring, necklace and the nine-yard sarees from this busy market.
Aurangabad
This city is named after Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb. It was called Fatehpur before it took its present name. This city is gateway to the World Heritage Sites of Ajanta and Ellora caves. Developed as a modern city, Aurangabad provides all comforts and modern facilities. There are several luxury budget and star hotels, which caters the tourists of the city. Siteseeings at Aurangabad Caves, Bibi Ka Maqbara, Himroo Factory and Panchakki are always worth to be organized. Daulatabad, Khuldabad Anwa Temple, Pitalkhora Caves, Lonar Crater and Paithan can also be organized as excursions. Sunheri Mahal Museum, University Museum and Chhatrapati Shivaji Museum are three the museums in the city, housing art treasures of the region. Aurangabad Excursions This city is named after Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb. It was called Fatehpur before it took its present name. This city is gateway to the World Heritage Sites of Ajanta and Ellora caves. Developed as a modern city Aurangabad Tourist Attraction Aurangabad caves are just a few kilometers away from the famous monument of Bibi Ka Maqbara. These caves are believed to be excavated between 2nd and 6th century AD. Aurangabad caves are carved out of the hillside and are a fine Aurangabad Entertainment Aurangabad has number of art galleries; where one can hang out at the evenings and have a look at the exhibitions going on there. Aurangabad Art Emporium and Madilgekar Art Studio are some of the important art galleries Aurangabad Fair & Festivals Ajanta and Ellora Festivals: It is the festival of classical dance and music under the backdrops of the Ellora Caves. The festival usually falls in March. The festival showcases best talents from across India. Maharashtra government organizes Aurangabad History The name is derived from the Mughal ruler, Aurangazeb. Its ancient history dates back up to the eras of Buddhism, but the modern history of Aurangabad is traced back to 1610. The Buddhist caves in Aurangabad and Ellora are the clear How to Reach Aurangabad Aurangabad airport is directly air-linked to Mumbai, Delhi, Jaipur and Udaipur. The airport is conveniently located at a distance of around 10 km east of the town. Aurangabad is known to be the gateway to the region, as most of the visitors who are Aurangabad Restaurants There are different ranges of hotels in Aurangabad. One can stay at the government tourist lodge as well as private budget and star hotels. Hotel Taj Residency, Rama International and Hotel Quality Inn Vedant are some of the popular hotels in the city.
Aurangabad Travel Tips There are several government and local buses in Aurangabad for traveling to Ajanta and Ellora Caves. Private auto rickshaws are the easiest way to travel for local transport. But one can also hire cars and local taxis to travel within the city and Shopping in Aurangabad Aurangabad is rich in its culture and heritage as well as its art and crafts. Whenever we talk of shopping in Aurangabad, himroo shawls, mashroo and kimkhab weaves click on one's mind. We can't also forget the well-known fine paithani silk
Nagpur
Nagpur is one of the major industrial cities of Maharashtra. This district is famous for its orange productions. Many big and leading companies open their base in this city. Many businessmen come to this city everyday for this reason. As it is one of the major cities of Maharashtra, it is well connected by train, air and road with other parts of the Maharashtra state and India. Two flights are arrived and departed for Mumbai from Nagpur airport everyday. In Nagpur, visitors can enjoy the cool environment of Gavilgad Fort, which is 200-300 years old. Lonar Lake is the third largest natural salt-water lake in the world. Marbat and Ramjanam rath yatra are the local festivals, which are enjoyed by the millions every month. Visiting the city during this time is really enjoying. Tourists can also organized excursions for Adasa, Khekranala, Markanda, Dhapewada, Nagardhan, Nawegaon Dam, Ramtek and Pavnar. Nagpur Excursions Adasa is located at a distance of 45 km from Nagpur. This small village has a plethora of ancient and magnificent temples. There is also a Ganapati Temple here, which is worth to be visited. The idol of the Lord is a single stone, set up to facilitate Nagpur Tourist Attractions It is located near the hill station of Chikhaldara in Amravati district. The Hindu rulers originally constructed Gavilgad fort. It is located at a height of about 370 ft above sea level (MSL). Historians believe that it is 200-300 years old, although the fort's Nagpur Entertainment There are number of movie theatres in Nagpur. Here, one can enjoy Hollywood, Bollywood and Marathi films. Marathi theatre is known to be one of the oldest and well established of regional theatres in India. So, one can enjoy the taste of Nagpur Fairs & Festivals Marbat is celebrated only in the Nagpur region, especially in the Nagpur city. People prepare statues of evil forces and take out procession in this festival. These statues are burnt at the end, and assumed that all evil forces are burnt. It is believed History of Nagpur Gond prince of Deogad kingdom, Bhakt Buland, founded Nagpur in the early 18th century in the Chhindwara district. He tried to change the life of Nagpur as his new capital after seeing the advantage of civilized life of Delhi. His successor Chand Sultan How to Reach Nagpur Nagpur is connected with domestic flights with the cities of Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi Hyderabad, Pune, Bhubaneswar and Raipur. Nagpur's Sonegaon airport is nearly 8 km south of the city. Two flights arrived Nagpur daily from Mumbai. Nagpur Accommodation As the orange production of Nagpur are so large, many businessmen as well as tourists visit the city everyday. To cater this ever increasing need, many government as well as private hotels are opening day by day in the city.
Nagpur Travel Tips Winter is regarded to be the best time to visit Nagpur. But is advisable to carry cardigans as the temperature falls down below 120 C in December. It will be useful to carry a first aid box as well. Nagpur Shopping Nagpur being a major city of Maharashtra has quite wide ranges of shopping places. Street shops are there at major streets for fashionable items as well as the show rooms for the deeper pockets. Sitabuldi, WHC Road,
Nashik
Having many temples and pilgrimage sites, Nashik is known to be a holy city for Hindus in India. Nashik has always been the centre of commerce and trade in India since historical past. Many historic events of the Indian freedom struggle too had been occurred in this place. Ramkund, Muktidham Temple, Coin Museum and Pandavleni Caves are some of the important tourist sites of Nashik. Nashik is developing as a lively city with a blend of the ancient and the modern touches. The city has numerous forts, temples, historic sites as well as a home for industries. Nashik is also popular for fruit and vegetable productions. Grapes, strawberries and onions are amongst the highest in the country. Tourists can also organize trips to Shirdi, Trimbakeshwar, Dudhasagar Waterfalls, Saptashringi Devi Temple, Nandurmadhmeshwar, Bhandardara Jawhar and Nandur Madhameshwar Bird Sanctuary, which are not so far the city. Reaching Nashik too is so easy as the Nashik railway station is one of the major stations of the Central Railway. Nashik is 220 km away from Pune. Nearest airport is Mumbai or Pune with a distance of 175 km. Nashik Excursions Shirdi, a small village in Kopargam Taluk, in Ahmadnagar, Maharashtra is regarded to be an important pilgrimage place in India as sage Sai Baba lived here till his death. It is about 285 km, which is Nashik Tourist Attractions Chitrarao Khatarkar built Ramkund in 1696. This holy tank is 27 m by 12 m in area. It is believed that Rama and Sita used to bath in this tank during their exile. People bring ashes of their deceased relatives and immerse it in this holy tank. Nashik Entertainment There are number of movie theatres in Nashik. Here, one can enjoy Hollywood, Bollywood and Marathi films. Marathi theatre is known to be one of the oldest and well established of regional theatres in India. Nashik Fair & Festivals This festival is celebrated by giving tilguls and specially made sweet ladoos to each other and even if possible by flying kites. Makar Sankranti generally falls in the month of January. In typical Marathi the saying goes tilgul gya ani gaud bola (take this tilgul and be sweet and kind to each other). Nashik History Nashik was included also under Ashok's mighty empire. Later, Nashik district became very prosperous during the era of the Satavahana as it lay on the trade route to Broach (Gujarat). During Mughal period, the city was named as Gulshanabad appreciating its beauty. How to Reach Nashik Nearest airport is Mumbai or Pune with a distance of 175 km. Nashik railway station is one of the
major stations of the Central Railway. There are a number of trains that connect Nashik to other cities and towns. Nashik Accommodation As a pilgrimage holy city, Nashik is not lacked with visitors. So, one can find good ranges of hotels here as well. A range of accommodation is available from the upper end to small local dharamshalas (guest houses) in Nashik. Nashik Travel Tips Tourist can comfortably use taxis, tourist cars, auto-rickshaws and vans, which are ideal for local transport. Nashik Shopping Nashik is known to be a religious city. Kumb Mela is organized here for every three years in the city. Little brass statues and beaded necklaces are available everywhere. Nashik is popular for its jewellery as well. Adgaonkar Bandhu, Adgaonkar Saraf,
Kolhapur
Kolhapur is one of the cities, which are worth to be visited in Maharashtra. There are number of forts in this old city. Descended from its historic events, the city has many historical monuments and sites. During the periods of Satavahana kings and the Shilaharas, the magnificent temples of Kolhapur were constructed. Kolhapur has number of tourist sites. The architecture of New Palace offers the visitors a combination of Jain and Hindu influences from Gujarat and Rajasthan, and local Rajwada style. Chhatrapati Sahu Museum in the palace is also worth to visit. Rankala Lake, Old Palace, Town Hall Museum and Mahalaxmi are other sites, which are worth to visit. One can also organize excursions to Panhala, Vishalgad, Bhudargad, Paargad, Narasimha Wadi, Giroli Tourist Park, Dajipur Bison Sanctuary and Amboli, which are not so far from Kolhapur. As far as shopping in Kolhapur is concerned, the city can be called as shoppers' delight. The city is famous for its Kolhapuri saaj, Kolhapuri chappals and Kolhapuri sarees. Har and malas, mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, kolhapuri saaj, pohehar and putlihar are the jewelleries, which can attract that tourists' eye. As Kolhapur is situated in higher altitude, normally it prevails cool weather. The city is well connected by road, air and train. While the mouth watering hot Kolhapuri cuisines are always to be tasted once.
Thane
Thane is a northern district of Konkan Maharashtra. Known as 'Cacade De Tana', its original name is Sristhanaka, named after Lord Ganpati. Best time to visit the city is November to March. Being a residential suburb of Mumbai, Thane has number of large industrial complexes of chemicals, engineering products, and textiles. There are several historical buildings, including a fort and several churches.
How Reach Thane Nearest airport is at Mumbai (25 km) and the international airport 35 km from the main down town Mumbai. Thane has a railway station and many trains pass connecting it with the major cities of Maharashtra. It is well connected by road as well. Accommodations Government and private hotels are available at Thane. General Information Population: 803,389 (1991 census) Climate: Tropical Summer: 32.37°C to 34.57°C Rainfall: 250 - 300 mm Clothing: Light cotton Nearby Cities Bassein (Vasai): 48 km Titwala: 110 km
Ratnagiri
Ratnagiri is located on the southwestern part of Maharashtra on the Arabian Sea Coast. It is surrounded by beautiful hills of Sahyadri ranges. It was once the administrative capital of Bijapur rulers. It came under the control of Satara kings in 1731. Ratnagiri was surrendered to the British in 1818. A fort was built during the Bijapur dynasty and strengthened in 1670 by the Maratha king Shivaji, which is located on a headland near the harbour. It is one of the important ports of the Konkan coast. It has a palace where the last king of Burma, Thibaw, and later Veer Savarkar, were confined. It is also believed that the Pandavas having performed their pilgrimage on the 13th year had settled in the adjoining territory of the Ratnagiri district and when the Pandavas and the Kauravas had the famous war at Kuruskshetra, the king of this region Veeravat Ray had accompanied then there. Tourist Attractions Parashuram Temple, Pavas and caves of Chiplun, Khed, Dabhol, Sangameshwar, Gauhani Velgaum and Vade Padel are the main attractions of Ratnagiri. Ganapatipule Ganapatipule is about 25 km from Ratnagiri and around 375 km from Mumbai. The waters of Ganapatipule are crystal clear and pristine. The entire stretch of beach is covered with fresh greeneries. The roadside sceneries on the way to Ganapatipule are captivating with narrow roads, red soil, roofed houses, clean courtyards, innumerable fruit bearing trees and casuarinas lining. Ganapatipule is regarded as one of the most the important beaches of Maharashtra. Fine, sifted, silver sands, a gentle lapping sea, which soothes frayed nerves, attracts large number of tourists are the features of this beautiful beach. It is regarded as a beautiful seaside resort of today-especially for families in Maharashtra.
Sangli Sangli is a major city in Western India 390 km from Mumbai and 700 km from Bangalore. Sangli is known for its turmeric trade, grapes and sugar factories. Sangli is also a major education and healthcare centre. Sangli has developed itself as a is now a modern city with broader roads, major railway junction, cyber-cafes, hotels with multi-cuisine, very good education, healthcare, telecommunication and entertainment facilities. A Software Technology Park is being set up in a prime location of the city.
Tourist Attractions Gokak Water Falls It is at a distance of only two hours drive from Sangli. The best time to visit this falls is between June to October as there is plenty of water. There is a swinging bridge on the waterfalls. Sagareshwar Wild Life Sanctuary It is just 30 km from Sangli. Deer, jackals, rabbits, peacocks, wild goats, wild cows, leopards are the wild animals of this sanctuary. There are also ancient temples of Lord Shiva. Dandoba Hill Station Locating at the Miraj-Pandharpur Road, Dandoba Hill Station is just 25 minutes drive from Sangli. It is located around Dandoba Hills, which is a reserve forest area. There are also some historical ancient temples on the hills. Chandoli Forests Chandoli region, which is about 65 km from Sangli has animals like monkeys, deer, wild goat, rabbits, tigers, peacocks, snakes. You can also visit the Chandoli dam. In the rainy season, you find this place lush green with some small waterfalls. Audumbar Audumbar is a holy place about 25 km from Sangli city. A sacred temple of Lord Dattatraya is located on the banks of Holy Krishna River. Thousands of devotees from all over the world visit Audumbar every year. Mahabaleshwar It is just 4 hours journey from Sangli. Mahabaleshwar is also known as the Queen of all Hill Stations. This hill station is situated at an altitude of 1,372m in the heart of Sahyadri Hills in Satara District. Its name is derived from a Lord Mahadev temple and three Sanskrit words, Maha (great), Bal (power) and Ishwar (God). Some people also relate the name with mythological past as the name 'Mahabaleshwar' means mighty God. Bahuballi Hill Temples (Kumbhojgiri) Bahuballi is 50 minutes drive from Sangli. Bahubali Hill Temples are located 27 km south of Kolhapur, Maharashtra on the Bahubali Hills. Huge devotees thronged the temple to worship the 28-feet tall marble statue of Bahubali and visit the temples of the 24 Tirthankaras or saints. These hills are popularly known as 'Kumbhojgiri'. A Celibacy Resort was established in 1935 and named after the sage Bahubali who mediated here about 300 years before. Pandharpur Pandharpur is 4-5 hours drive from Sangli by road. This place is one of the most revered pilgrimage sites in Maharashtra. Pandharpur preserves Lord Vithoba's image in a grand temple. Vithoba is a form of Krishna. The name Vithoba means Father Vitthala. Vitthala is said to have been derived from the word Vishnu in Kannada. The worship of Vishnu - Vitthala at Pandharpur is derived mainly from the puranas and has been augmented by the contribution of the great Vaishnava saints of Maharashtra from the 13th to 17th centuries (Namdev, Jnaneshwar, Eknath, Tukaram).
Solapur Solapur is located at a distance of 456 km from Mumbai in Maharashtra on the banks of river Sina. This place is famous as a Centre for Jains. The city is located on major road and rail routes between Mumbai and Hyderabad, with a branch line to Bijapur and Gadag. Solapur developed as a commercial centre for cotton and other agricultural produce. Tourist Attractions Solapur is known for its historical, religious, industrial and commercial importance. Ground Fort, Siddheshwar Temple, Mallikarjuna Temple, Parasnath Temple, Adinath Temple, Masjids, Churches and Agyari are the attractions of this place. Akkalkot is considered to be an important center of Datta. The Vatavriksha Temple of Shri Swami Samartha and Akkalkot Swami math are important religious places, which are visited by many devotees. Phandharpur the city of Pandhavi Vithoba is another most important pilgrimage center for the whole of India. It ranks first among the fairs in the state with an aggregate congregation of four to five lakh on and Kartiki Ekadasi. How To Get There Solapur is 456 km away from Mumbai. It is also well connected by road. State transport ply buses from major cities of the state like Mumbai, Aurangabad, and Pune to Solapur. Accommodation Sholapur has good hotels ranging from luxurious 5 star hotels to budget hotels. Fairs And Festivals A fair is organized at Saint Nath Temple in the honour of Saint Nath. The fair lasts for 6 days from shravana shud 11 to Vad 1. About 20 to 25 thousand people attend this fair. Nandidhwaj procession on Makar Sankranti is also attended by millions of devotes. General Information Area: 14895 sq. km (district) Population: 604,215 (1991 Census) Climate: Tropical Rainfall: Average 897.8 mm Summer: 42° C to 28º C Winter: 27° C to 13° C Latitude: 17° 42¢ to 18° 32¢ Longitude: 74° 33¢ to 76° 54¢ Clothing: Light Cotton and Woolen in winter STD Code: 0217
Amaravati Amaravati is in the right centre of the northern border of the Maharashtra State. Lying at the Tapi basin, the city's main productions are cotton, jowar and tur (lentil) and oranges. Important Tourist Attractions Ambadevi Temple Situating in the heart of Amravati city, it is believed that Shri Krishna abducted Rukmini, from this temple, and married her. Goddess Amba attracts devotees from different parts of Vidarbha. Satidham Temple Situating in the heart of the city at Rallies Plot, the temple has beautiful idols of Lord Krishna and Radha, Lord Ram and Sita, Lord Ganesh, Lord Shiva and Rani Satiji. A fair is organized on the occasion of Janmashthami every year. Huge devotees attend the fair. Shri Bhakti Dham Temple Situating at Amravati Badnera Road, the temple has beautiful idols of Lord Krishna and Radha. There is also an idol of Shri Sant Jalaram Bappa. There is a small park for children behind this temple. Chatri Talao Situating 1 km away from Dasturnagar Square on the Malkhed Railway Road, it was built in the year 1888 on a small spring called Kali Nadi. This small reservoir was built to supply drinking water to Amravati city. However, Amravati gets water from Upper Wardha Dam now. A small garden and boating facility is also available here. Wadali Talao Situating 3 km away from the Amaravati Camp on Chandur Railway Road, it was built for clean and fresh water supply to Amravati Camp. There is a small garden with a zoo here. People usually come here during weekends and enjoy boating. This is one of the best places for kids. Around Amaravati Melghat Tiger Reserve It is located in Chikhaldara and Dharni tehsils of on the Satpuda hill range. It spreads over an area of 1676.93 sq km. It is one of the last remaining habitats of Indian tiger in Maharashtra. Wan Sanctuary Situating at Melghat area of Amravati district, it is an extension to the Melghat Sanctuary on the southeastern part. This area is rich in floral and faunal biodiversity. This hilly rugged terrain has tropical dry deciduous forests. Chikhaldara This sole hill resort in the Vidarbha region is situated at an altitude of 1118m above the sea level. This is one of the coffee-growing areas in Maharashtra. Chikhaldara is full of deep valleys with full of velvet mist and majestic trees. Having a wildlife sanctuary with abundance of wildlife, viewpoints, lakes and waterfalls, it is a very popular summer retreat.
How To Reach Nagpur is the nearest airport (155 km). Nagpur is the terminus of the branch line of Central Railway on Mumbai-Kolkotta main line. It is well connected by road with the important towns and cities within the state and outside the state. Accommodation Government and private hotels are available at Amaravati. General Information Latitude: 20° 32' to 21° 46'N Longitude: 76° 38' to 78° 27'E Population: 2200057 (1991Census) Area: 12,210 sq km Climate: Tropical Clothing: Cotton Clothes Nearby Cities Wardha: 77 km Nagpur: 155 km
Buldhana Bounded in the north by the Nirmur district of Madhya Pradesh, in the east by Akola district, in south by Parbhani district and in the west by Aurangabad and Jalgaon district, Buldhana lies partly in the Tapi basin and partly in the Godavari basin. Tourist Attractions Pilgrimage sites like Balaji Temple at Deulgaon and Raja Sailana Shah Miya Dargha at Pimpalgaon, Sari village are the main attractions of Buldhana. Lakhuji Jadhav's palace is important place in Shinkhed. Sarkarwada, Rameshwar Mandir, Nilakanteshwar Mandir, Samadhi of Jadhav's family, Renuka Temple, Bal Samudra and Lonar Lake, Palasi Siddha Math are other places of interest. Around Buldhana Lonar Crater There is a huge crater in Lonar. It is believed that it was formed 50,000 years ago by the impact of a huge meteor that descended on earth. The depression is roughly 7 km in circumstance and 1.8 km in diameter. It is the largest and oldest meteoric crater in the world, ante-dating its nearest rival, the Canyon-Diabolo of Arizona in the United States by a clear 230 centuries. Shegaon There is samadhi for Samadhi of Shri Gajanan Maharaj. A large number of the pilgrims from all over Maharashtra visit this Samadhi to pay respect. How To Reach Nearest airport is at Aurangabad. Buldhana is well connected by road as well.
Chandrapur Chandrapur city is located on south central region of India in Maharashtra state. Chandrapur has a population of approx 3.75 lakhs. It is about 150 km from Nagpur, which is two and a half hours' journey by rail on Delhi-Madras route via Nagpur. Nearest airport is at Sonegaon (140 km) from the city. Having Super Thermal Power Station, the largest one in India, Chandrapur city is enriched with different minerals. Coal, Timbers, Tendu Leaves and other forest produces are main resources of this region. Summers are very hot and winters are chilly. Tourist Attractions Tadoba National Park and Andhari Tiger Project (45 km away) are the places of interests around Chandrapur city. Ramala Talav Garden is newly developed place for all ages, especially for kids. Sri Mahakali Temple, Jain Temple at Bhadrawati, and Somnath are famous worship places of this city Ancient Caves There are nine ancient caves dating back to the eighth century in Chandrapur. It is believed that the caves were first carved out somewhere during the 8th century. Buddhist monks later used these caves. A large number of Buddhist sculptures can be seen engraved in these caves. Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary spreads over an area of 134.78 sq km. The main attraction of this sanctuary is Giant Indian Squirrels. Best Time to visit this sanctuary is February to May. Prashand Dham at Chaprala, Chaprala Temple, and Markanda Temple are not far from this sanctuary. Nearest railway station is at Ballarpur (70 km) on Delhi Madras main line, while nearest airport is at Sonegaon Nagpur (243 km) via Chandrapur. Nearest bus station is at Chandrapur (85 km). Jalgaon Jalgaon is located at the Northwest part of Maharashtra. Patnadevi, Omkareshwar Mandir, Ecchapurti Ganesh Temple are the main attractions. This place is a major centre for trade and agriculture. Best time to visit is October to February. The World famous Ajanta cave is only 50 km away from here. Tourist Attractions Patnadevi This birthplace of great scientist Bhaskaracharya has many ancient religious places. Omkareshwar Mandir This Lord Shiva temple is the most famous and beautiful temple in Jalgaon. Shivratri, Shravni Somvar, Ramnavmi, Gokulashtami are the biggest festivals celebrated in this temple. Ecchapurti Ganesh Temple This temple is situated at Navi Peth, near Balaji Sweet Mart in Jalgaon. On every Ganesh Chaturthi
many devotees visit this temple. Mahatma Gandhi Garden Having many different flowers and spreading over a vast area, Mahatma Gandhi Garden is a beautiful garden located near New Bus stand. Mehrun (Park) Mehrun is one of the oldest parks located in the centre of the city on Shirsholi road. Late Shri Prithvirajji Kapoor (renowned film artist) inaugurated the park. This park is a perfect site for Sunday hangouts. J.K Park Rabbits, parrots, types of sparrows are among the main attractions of the park. Mehrun Talaav (pond) is another attraction of the place. The pond is so cool. Water in this pond is always full throughout the year. Around Jalgaon Padmalaya Also known as Prabhakshetra, this religious place is located in Erandol Taluka about 4.8 km from Erandol. It is famous for the temples of Lord Ganapati and Hanuman. Swinging Towers of Farkande Locating at a distance of 16 km from Erandol on the bank of Utawadi River, Swinging Towers are a real great example of old day's construction technique. This tower is 15m high and it is believed that it was constructed 250 years ago. How To Reach Nearest railway station is at Bhusawal (25 km). State transport plies buses to Jalgaon from almost all the important cities of the state. Accommodation Jalgaon has well equipped with excellent accommodations. General Information Population: 368579 (1991 Census) Climate: Tropical Temperature Range (Deg °C) Maximum Minimum Summer: 45° C 29º C Winter: 26° C 6º C Clothing: Cotton STD Code: 03566/0257 Nearby Cities Ajanta: 50 km Bhuswal: 25 km Burhanpur (Madhya Pradesh): 79 km Aurangabad: 153 km
Deccan Odyssey
Maharsahtra is gifted with vast landmass and diverse physical features by the nature. It is the place of shrines and beaches. This land of great Marathas has lots of things to see. Deccan Odyssey is an effort to provide a royal and lavish visit of famous tourists attractions of the state to tourists. The odyssey also covers the sultry state of Goa. The effort is to give the tourists king or queen's delight while traveling. It is developed on the lines of European Orient Express or the palace of Rajasthan. The odyssey provides imperial magnificence as well as modern comforts, transport tourists to the heaven of tranquil beaches, astonishing forts and palaces, and divine tales engraved in gigantic rocks. Deccan Odyssey starts from Mumbai and drops there on the eighth day covering a number of striking destinations of Maharashtra and Goa. The sparkling backwaters of the Rai Bhatgaon Jetty and stately Jaigad Fort perched on the majestic mountains; the breathtaking views of the ocean, virgin beaches, and beautiful sculptures of Ajanta and Ellora caves are the important sites it covers. The Deccan Odyssey Magic is studded with exotic foods and delightful epicurean experiences. Deccan Odyssey has all the facilities of a luxurious five-star hotel including mobile phone connectivity and color television in all the cabins. The train has capable of running at a speed of 110 km per hour. However, it would maintain 75 to 80 km/h. Enjoy the odyssey and add another memorable journey to your life. Coaches And Saloons The Deccan Odyssey has 13 fully air-conditioned deluxe saloons, each a combination of 4 twinbedded chambers with channel music, intercom, CD/MP3 player, attached toilets, running hot and cold water, shower, wall-to-wall carpeting and other amenities. Facilities on Board The journey aims to give the tourists a royal treat kings, queens, princesses and prince throughout the week and make their experience as ecstatic as possible. General Information Passenger reservations/cancellation on the Deccan Odyssey may be done as per the following terms and conditions. Tariff Plan Know about the tariff and fare of the Deccan Odyssey luxury train. Deccan Odyssey Itinerary Deccan Odyssey is an exotic royal traveling experience offered by the Maharashtra Tourism. This eight-day tour is not only a traveling package but also a lifetime experience that offers a complete introduction to this colourful state. The journey starts from the Chhatrapati Shivaji terminus on the firstday. Deccan Odyssey Day 1 Deccan Odyssey is an exotic royal traveling experience offered by the Maharashtra Tourism. This eight-day tour is not only a traveling package but also a lifetime experience that offers a complete
introduction to this colourful state. The journey starts from the Chhatrapati Shivaji terminus on the first day. The next day the tour offers the exotic locations of Jaigadh, Ganapatipule, Ratnagiri, and Bhatye Beach. While the third day is for Sindhudurg, Tarkarli, and Sawantwadi. The fourth day is more interesting as the journey touches the sand Goa, the sultry state of India. Fifth day is dedicated to the Deccan Queen city, Pune. The tour offers a complete site seeing of Pune city on this day. The sixth day offers Ellora caves of Aurangabad that have 34 cave temples dedicated to three different religions, namely, Hinduism, Buddhism & Jainism. Seventh day is for Ajanta caves and Nashik city, and the journey wraps up at Mumbai's Chhtrapati Terminus with a lifetime experience. Deccan Odyssey Day 2 Thursday - Jaigadh, Ganapatipule, Ratnagiri, and Bhatye Beach As soon as the train arrives at Bhoke Railway station in the morning, an air-conditioned bus takes the tourists to the Rai Bhatgaon Jetty for Back Water Cruise that takes them to the legendary Jaigad Fort. Tourists would also enjoy a ride along the delightful beach along the Konkan coast in a bus. Then it is followed by an appetizing lunch and free time to relax at Ganapatipule beach resort. After that, a bus takes the guests to the sight seeing tour of Ratnagiri town. The town is the birthplace of great Indian freedom fighter, Lokmanya Tilak. Here tourists would also visit to Ratnadurg Fort, Lokmanya Tilak Smarak and some time for shopping in Ratnagiri Bazar. Then they would board the train in the evening at Ratnagiri Railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 3 Friday - Sindhudurg, Tarkarli, and Sawantwadi The odyssey train reaches Sindhudurg Nagari Railway station in the morning from where an airconditioned bus takes the tourists to Malvan Jetty, where there is the beautiful Sindhudurg Sea Fort. Lunch is provided at Sindhudurg Sea Fort and tourists can take rest at Tarkarli beach resort. This is followed by a Back Water Cruise through the Tarkarli creek upto Kalse Jetty and a visit to Sawantwadi town by bus. Tourists will find a beautiful display of lacquer handicrafts, paintings and furniture at the 'Shilpagrama' (the craft village). In the evening, the train blows its whistle again from the Sawantwadi railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 4 Saturday - Goa The train touches the sand of Goa at Karmali in the morning. A bus would take the tourists to Old Goa to relish the beauty of Basilica De Born Jesus, Se Cathedral, Se Cathedral and the Church of St. Francis of Assissi. The tourists would also visit a mosque converted into an archaeological museum where Goan antiques are preserved. Then the bus would ride down to Panjim and stroll a while in the city and its market and have a hearty Fort Aguada Beach Resort. The lunch is followed by the visits to Dona Paula & 250 years old House. In the evening, the train resumes its journey from Madgaon railway station.
Deccan Odyssey Day 5 Sunday - Pune As soon as the train reaches Pune in the morning, a tourists bus would take the visitors at all major tourists attractions in the city like Mahatma Phule Mandai in the old central market, Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum that displays artifacts from 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, Sir David Sasoon Synagogues that was built in 1867 and Osho International Commune, one of the biggest meditational centre meant for spiritual growth. Lunch and relaxation is provided at Hotel Le Meridian. Again, tourists would be picked up for a visit to the Tribal Museum that has a collection of more than 2000 tribal articles that are both rare and precious. They would also visit Aga Khan Palace, a place where Mahatma Gandhi was locked up during freedom struggle and has now been converted into a museum dedicated to Gandhi family and Light and Sound Show at Shaniwarwada. Late in the evening the train departs from Pune railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 6 Monday - Aurangabad In Aurangabad as well, the train reaches in the morning. Then tourists would visit historical sites fort of Daulatabad, Ellora caves that have 34 cave temples dedicated to three different religions, namely, Hinduism, Buddhism & Jainism. This would be followed by lunch and cultural programme at Hotel Taj. The sightseeing tour also has Shivaji Museum that houses the armory and antiques from the great Maratha Empire, Aurangabad Caves No. 7 & 8, Bibi-ka-Maqbara, which is a replica of Taj Mahal, and some free time for shopping at Paithani, Himroo, and Bidriwork where tourists can look around for a perfect memorabilia, on its list. The train departs from the city at late evening from Aurangabad railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 7 Tuesday - Ajanta and Nashik The train reaches Jalgaon railway station in the morning, but breakfast is organized at Fardapur resort. Then they would proceed towards Ajanta caves, dedicated to Buddhism, which has some of the paintings and sculptures of superlative quality from the 2nd century. Tourists would board the train in the noontime at Bhusalwal railway station. They have lunch on board. The train arrives at Nashik railway station from where visitors you are taken to Panchawati Ghat and Sula Winery Yard, which gives you the opportunity to wine and dine at the winery yard itself. The train starts late in the night from the Nashik railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 8 Wednesday - Mumbai As the train rolls down to Shivaji Terminus Mumabi in the morning of the 8th day, breakfast is served and the odyssey wraps up here.
Arts and Crafts
The expertise of the artisans of Maharashtra can be seen in the fine art and craft finishes. The fine fabrics of mashru and himroo are the clear examples of their highest level of weaving art. The fabrics which looks like golden cloth are regarded to be one of the finest of its kind. The high level weaving know-how are also evident with the paithani and narayan peth sarees. Bidriware is another well-appreciated craft of this state. It takes lots of skills and time in preparation. The district of Kolhapur gives two most famous things - jewellery and Kolhapuri chappals. Kolhapuri chappals are known for its quality, comfortability and low price. Then come the paintings of warli tribes of Mumbai. It is even compared to the famous paintings of Madhubani, Bihar. Bidriware The expertise of the artisans of Maharashtra can be seen in the fine art and craft finishes. The fine fabrics of mashru and himroo are the clear examples of their highest level of weaving art. The fabrics which looks like golden cloth are regarded to be one of the finest of its kind. The high level weaving know-how are also evident with the paithani and narayan peth sarees. Bidriware is another well-appreciated craft of this state. It takes lots of skills and time in preparation. The district of Kolhapur gives two most famous things - jewellery and Kolhapuri chappals. Kolhapuri are known for its quality, comfortability and low price. Then come the paintings of warli tribes of Mumbai. It is even compared to the famous paintings of Madhubani, Bihar. Kolhapuri Chappals Hand-made leather chappals and sandals of Kolhapur district of Maharashtra are world famous. These are popularly known as the Kolhapuri chappals, and known for its simple styles, quality of leather and design. Different artisans all over the district make these chappals. Bhausinji Road of Kolhapur is known for its good variety of Kolhapuri chappals and other leather goods. Mahadwar and Shivaji roads are good places to shop. One can also buy around the bus station in the Rajarampuri area. Shetkaari Bazaar is the cheapest place to shop, and is popular amongst the villagers of the surrounding villagers. Kolhapur Jewellery Most of the Maharashtrian jewelleries are derived from the legacies of Maratha and Peshwa dynasties. Kolhapur is famous for its special type of necklace called Kolhapur saaj. This jewellery is very much special for Maharashtrian women. Har and malas, mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, kolhapuri saaj, pohehar and putlihar are the jewelleries that are made in Kolhapur.
Mashru and Himroo Himroo, also known as kum khuab is a distinctive, luxurious fabric, once used as dress material by the nobles of the olden days. The district of Aurangabad is popular because of these fine fabrics. These fabrics are made of cotton and silk using a special loom. The original form is made of silver and gold, and the threads of silver and gold were so fine that the final cloth is appeared like gold cloth. In coarse of time, the original hand weaving fabric has changed to machine made. But a workshop in Aurangabad's Zaffar gate is continuing the conventional style of hand weaving. The workshop also maintains a show room to showcase these products. Here, one can see and shop Himru shawls and sarees. Bold patterns and colours are the specialities of Mashru fabrics. It is said that Marco Polo has been gifted a fabric woven in silk and gold threads.
Narayan Peth Saree Narayan Peth saree is very much popular in and around Sholapur district of Maharashtra. It is the favourite for the women of this district. It is a traditionally Maharashtrian saree that weaves mainly in this district only. Narayan Peth saree is made of silk fabric. It is designed with the contrasting zari border, which is generally with rudraksha motifs.
Paithani Saree Paithani saree took its name from a place called Paithan, where it started producing 2000 years ago. This saree is made of silk with an ornamented zari pallav and border. Traditional vines and flowers, shapes of fruits and stylized forms of birds are used as motifs in this saree. No mechanical means like the jacquard or jala are used to create the designs in Paithani sarees.
Making a saree is a long process; it takes a long time completing a piece. And it also needs lots of hard work and expertise to make this fine fabric. So, price of this painstaking workman ship is always high. Nearly a month's time is spent in completing a piece of simple Paithani saree, and from five to nine months is spent to complete its more elaborate (brocade) version.
Warli Paintings Warli paintings are the tribal wall paintings of the warli tribes of Maharashtra. Warlis are the largest tribes of Maharashtra live in northern outskirts of Mumbai. Womenfolks mainly do the paintings on the mud walls of the houses. Warli painting, which is compared similar to the famous Madhubabi paintings of Bihar, is traced back to 10th century A.D. But it was first discovered only in the early seventies. Warli paintings generally depict the normal life like images of human beings and animals, along with scenes from daily life. They also depict hunting, dancing, sowing and harvesting scenes. White is the only colour used in creating these paintings, with occasional dots in red and yellow. This colour is prepared by grounding rice into white powder.
Maharashtra Religious Places
Maharashtra has many religious sites and pilgrimage places for different faiths. Nashik is the holy city for Hindus. Kumbh Mela is organized here for every three years and Maha Kumbh Mela for every twelve years. Mumbadevi Temple of Mumbai is a very famous temple known to all over India. Kailash Temple in Aurangabad is one of the oldest and best examples of excellent architecture. Pandharpur, Shirdi, Bahubali Temples are other the famous temples of Maharashtra. Hazi Ali tomb in Mumbai is over eight hundred years old and linked to the mainland by a path that is annually submerged in the high monsoon tide. Takhat Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib of Nanded is the most important Gurdwara in Maharashtra. It is one of the four high seats of Authority of the Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru died in Nanded and his ashes are buried in the Sach Khand Shri Huzur Gurdwara on the side of the river Godavari. Osho Ashram in Pune too attracts a number of devotees each year including a large number of them from the western countries since early 70s even though Osho expired in 1990. Mount Marry Church and Afghan Memorial Church in Mumbai are famous for their old and western architecture. Afghan Memorial Church The Afghan Memorial Church of St. John the Baptist, also known as St John's Church is located at Colaba, Mumbai. It was established in 1847 AD and consecrated 11 years later as a memorial to those who fell in the First Afghan War of 1843 and Sind campaign of 1838. The roof of the Afghan Memorial Church is built of varnished teakwood with hammer beam style ribbing, while the flooring is done with chancel made of encaustic tiles in-laid with coloured clay imported from England. The Church has a beautiful altar, tall pinnacles, 21 lancet windows with exquisite stained glass fixed in the triangular apexes, on either side of the nave. The remaining portions of the nave windows were fitted earlier with Venetians instead of glass, but it has changed with coloured glass windows. There are 30 lancet windows glazed with coloured quarries in the clerestory. At the west end of each aisle are triplet windows, one in the south aisle behind the organ is filled with plain glass but the one in the north aisle behind the side altar is a memorial window. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with all the important places within and beyond the state. To reach the church Taxis, city buses and local trains are available. Mumbai offers tourist a wide range of accommodations. Amba Devi Temple Ambadevi Temple is situated at the heart of the city of Amaravati, Maharashtra, which is 155 km from Nagpur. The presiding deity is Amba Devi (Goddess of Shakti). According to legends, it is believed that Shri Krishna married Rukmini after abducting her when she came to pray at the Amba Devi temple. The Goddess Amba is popular amongst the devotees from Vidarbha.
Ambarnath Temple Ambarnath Temple is on the Mumbai-Pune railway line at Akoli. Ambarnath Temple is said to be the only temple of its kind in India. The temple, which dates back to 1060 AD compared in the fascinating and delicate complication of design to the famous Dilawara Temples of Mount Abu. One can hardly or rarely come across a temple, which can compare even remotely with the Ambarnath temple. It is believed that King Mahamandaleshwar built the temple in the memory of his predecessor. Fairs are held once a year during Shivartri, and thousands of pilgrims flock to the temple on this event. Nearest airport from here is Mumbai. There is a railway station at Ambarnath. State transport plies buses regularly to Ambarnath from almost all important places in Maharashtra. The ancient Shivalaya of Ambarnath is also worth visiting. Anwa Temple Anwa Temple is located 10 km away from Golegaon near Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Presiding deity is Lord Shiva, and the temple dates back to 12th century. The temple has a sanctuary and a mandap (open hall) with decorated pillars. Anwa is a small village on the main road leading from Aurangabad to the Ajanta Caves. Anwa village gained importance because of Anwa Temple. The pillars of the temple has beautifully carved sculptures and decorated pillars. The temple has also images of Vishnu, Ganesha and other divinities. As Anwa is very close to Ajanta, it is very convenient to travel by road from Golegaon. Private car or taxi is the best mode of transport. For accommodation small budgeted hotels are available at Ajanta. One can also stay at the government guesthouse. Ayyappa Temple Mumbai's Ayappa Temple is regarded to be the only Ayappa Temple outside Kerala state. The original name of this temple is Mini Sabarimala Shree Ayyappa Temple. It is situated atop a hillock surrounded by hills and valleys within the area of NCH Colony. A tiny stream originating from the vicinity adds the sanctity and beauty of the temple environment. Ayappa Temple is a unique temple resembling the Holy Shrine of Shree Dharma Shastha (Ayyappa) at Sabarimala, Kerala, crowning the Western Ghats. This temple attracts thousands of devotees throughout the year.
Bahubali Hill Temple Bahubali Hill Temples are located 27 km south of Kolhapur, Maharashtra on the Bahubali Hills. Huge devotees thronged the temple to worship the 28-feet tall marble statue of Bahubali and visit the temples of the 24 Tirthankaras or saints. These hills are popularly known as 'Kumbhojgiri'. A Celibacy Resort was established in 1935 and named after the sage Bahubali who mediated here about 300 years before. This temple looks very beautiful and splendid. The scene of the forest and the village farms looks full of delight and beauty. People visiting these temples have to climb about 400 steps. A fair is held here on the 15th day of the bright half of the month of Kartak, on the 15th day of the bright half of the month Chaitra and on the 10th of day the dark half of the month of Magasar Visitors can take a train from the nearest railway station at Hathkalangad, about 8 km away, on Kolhapur - Miraj railway line. This temple is at a distance of 31 km from Kolhapur. There are steps for climbing the hill. Bus service and private vehicles are available. They go to the foot of the hill. The Swetambar Jain Trust provides accommodation for the devotees. Balaji Temple Balaji Temple at Nerul, Mumbai is the exact replica of Balaji Temple at Tirupati. This temple is built on the lines of Venkateshwara Temple at Tirupati and has been constructed according to the Shilpashastras. Others temples - Vidya Ganapati Temple, Shri Padmavati Devi Temple, Hanumana Temple, Vishvakasena Temple, Ramanuja Temple, and Lakshmi Nrisimha Temple surround the main temple. 'Bali Peetham' and the tall 'Dhwaja Stambham' can be seen as one enters the temple. Next to the Bali Peetham and the Dwaja Stambham, a flight of steps leads to the 'Tiru Mamani Mandapam'. The structure of the Mani Mandapam has been built based on modern architectural practices. The cement concrete surfaces are being dubbed with exquisitely carved granite stones. Behind the Ardha Mandapam, there is the 'Garbha Griham'. At the right foot of the lord is a small silver idol, which is called 'Bhoga Srinivasa' or 'Kautuka Bera'. This idol imbibes the essence of the Lord and is loosely bonded to the main 'Moolavar' idol by a string. There are also other idols like Shrinivasa with Sridevi and Bhoodevi made of 'Pancha Loha' known as Utsava idols (images for festivities). There are also the idols of Shri Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Anjaneya, Shri Krishna with Rukmini. Ballaleshwar Vinayak Temple Palicha Shree Ballaleshwar Vinayak temple at Pali, which is located 110 km away from Pune in Maharashtra. The temple, which was built by Nana Phadnis in 1770, was named after Ballal of Pali. The presiding deity is Lord Ballaleshwar (Ganapati).
Ganapati is known as Ballaleshwar here. The Ganesh idol in the temple is 3 ft tall. His consorts Siddhi and Riddhi flank Ganesha's image. The eyes of the Ganapati are studded with diamonds. There is also another Ganesh Temple, known as Dhundi Vinayak just behind the temple. The Peshwas in the temple installed a big Portuguese made bell. Nearest airport is at Mumbai. Tourists can also access this place either from Panvel or Khopoli railway stations. It is easily accessible as number of buses ply from Mumbai and Pune connecting Pali.
Bibi Ka Maqbara Bibi Ka Maqbara is situated 5 km away from Aurangabad. Aurangazeb's son, Prince Azam Shah built it in 1678 in the memory of his mother Begum Rabia Durani. This mausoleum is a replica of the famous Taj Mahal. Despite the layout and surrounding of the tomb is very much similar to Taj Mahal, somehow the architecture fails to produce the magic of the Taj. Hence, it is considered to be a poor imitation of the Taj Mahal. The chief architect of the monument is a Persian called Ustad - Ata - Ullah. The inscription on the walls of the tomb reveals that it cost precisely Rs. 665,283 and 7 Annas to build this monument. Bibi Ka Maqbara has four towering minarets like Taj Mahal. An octagonal lattice-screen of white marble surrounds the raised plinth supporting Rabia Daurani's grave inside the tomb. The tips of its pillars are made of red stone. The monument becomes so beauty when its reflection falls on the water as soon as the sun's first rays fall on it. MTDC organizes a fair every October as the Bibi Ka Maqbara festival. Aurangabad is well connected through air, train and road. Accommodation facilities are available at various hotels at Aurangabad.
Chakreshwar Temple Chakreshwar Temple is located at Titte, near Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Lord Chakreswar is worshipped in the temple. The temple is towards the south of Kolhapur. Visiting Chakreshwar Temple is regarded as a part of pilgrimage while visiting the Mahalakshmi temple at Kolhapur. The nearest airport is situated at Kolhapur, while nearest railway station is at Tette. The town is well connected by road as well. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Kolhapur.
Chinchwad Ganesh Temple Chinchwad is about 15 km away from Pune, Maharashtra. It is an old town, and one can find its references in Shivaji's and Peshwa's periods. The Ganesh Temple in Chinchwad is very famous place, and a Yatra takes place in the month of 'Shravan'. The 'Moraya Gosavi' temple is pride for Chinchwad. It is associated with the 14th century Saint Moravi Gosavi. The temple is a well maintained and is very old, and but it is known as Moraya Gosavi Temple. Chinchwad Ganesh Temple is situated on the banks of river 'Pawana'. The small ghat on the backside of the temple is very pretty and the quiet atmosphere here pleases the mind. Nearest airport is at Pune, while there is also rail connection. Pune being a major commercial city of Maharashtra is well connected by road with all the places in Maharashtra and other parts of the country. Dattatreya Temple Dattatreya Temple is located at Ganganapur, Maharashtra. The presiding deity is Dattatreya, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu Dattatreya. The shrine at Ganganapur is in the process of assuming the form of a temple. It is currently more like an 'Ashram'. The main gate faces towards the west and is built in the Maratha model of 'Nagarkhana'. A spacious mandap (hall) is provided for the gathering. There is a raised platform - the 'holy of holies' in the southern side of the hall. Dattatreya Temple has a very small room divided into two by a wall. There are two doors, and in the inner portion, there are the images of Dattatreya and the 'Nirguna padukas'- a pair of sandals. There is a very small opening in the wall in the form a silver-plate framework, which allows pilgrims to have a glimpse of the image. Some feet away is a door in the dividing curtain, where inside the sanctuary are the Padukas. It is these Padukas that are the object of worship at this place. It is a symbol of the constant and eternal presence of Dattatreya in his form as Nrisimha Sarasvati. Kailash Temple It is believed that the construction of the Kailash Temple was started in the mid 8th century under the direction of King Krishna I (757-775) of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. This temple is world's largest monolithic structure carved from one piece of rock and the most extensive rock-cut projects ever undertaken. Kailash Temple is situated near the village of Ellora, 30 km from Aurangabad. The temple is considered as one of the most astonishing buildings in the history of architecture. This is one of the largest 34 excavations at Ellora, which took almost a century. Kailash Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The idol measures 109 feet wide by 164 feet long.
Mt. Mary Church Mount Mary Church is one of the most important church in Mumbai. It is famous for its exquisite interiors. Mount Mary Church is situated on a quiet hillock in suburban Bandra. As the name suggests, it is dedicated to Mary. There are two statues of Mary at the Church, one inside the church and one outside. A festival called Bandra Fair of the Virgin Mother culminates in a weeklong fair in September. The fair is more like a small carnival, which attracts a huge crowd. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with all the important places within and beyond the state. The nearest station is Bandra. Mumbai offers tourist a wide range of accommodation. Mumba Devi Temple Mumbadevi Temple is in Bhuleshwar, Mumbai. This temple is dedicated to city's patron Goddess Mumbadevi, Mumbai's resident deity. Legends say the structure of the temple is about six centuries old and it is believed be the work of Mumbaraka, a sadistic giant who frequently plundered the city at the time. The image of the Goddess Mumbadevi is clad with a robe of silver crown, a nose ring and a golden necklace. To the left is a stone figure of Annapurna seated on a peacock. In front of the shrine is a tiger, the carrier of the Goddess. The Goddess personifies Mother Earth. It is still worshipped by descendants of the Dravidian population of western and southern India. The temple of Mumbadevi once stood on the site of the present Victoria Terminus in the central island, which was called Mumbai. The present name of the city is derived from the Goddess Mumbadevi. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road. The nearest railway station is at Marine Lines. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Mumbai.
Nageshwar Temple Nageshwar Temple is one of the oldest temples of Pune, Maharashtra. It has been there since the times of Sant Jnaneshwar and Tukaram. It is a general belief that there was once a reservoir near the temple. The water of this reservoir can cure leprosy. The main shrine has the typical Yadava structure with a stone roof. Several renovations and additions have been made the temple over the years. Pune is one of the major commercial cities of Maharashtra. So, it is well connected by air, rail and road with all the places in Maharashtra and other parts of the country. Tourists can access this temple easily. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Pune.
Osho Ashram Osho Ashram, also known as the Osho Communal Centre is located at the greenery area of 17 Koregoan Park of Pune, Maharashtra. The Ashram offers a variety of expensive courses on meditation. Osho Ashram attracts a number of devotees each year including a large number of them from the western countries since early 70s even though Osho expired in 1990. Facilities of swimming, sauna, tennis, massages, beauty parlour, basketball courts and Bistros are available at the Ashram. There is a rock garden of 5 hectares called Osho Park in the side of the Ashram. The nearby Nulla Park, also known as Osho Teerth is a beautifully maintained garden, transformed from a swamp. The garden opens for public from 6 to 9 in the morning and 7 to 10 in the evening. Nearest airport and railhead is at Pune. The city is well connected by road with all the places in Maharashtra and other parts of the country. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Pune. Pandharpur Pandharpur is located in a place, which is 65 km away from Sholapur on the banks of river Bhimarathi. This place is one of the most revered pilgrimage sites in Maharashtra. Pandharpur preserves Lord Vithoba's image in a grand temple. Vithoba is a form of Krishna. The name Vithoba means Father Vitthala. Vitthala is said to have been derived from the word Vishnu in Kannada. The worship of Vishnu - Vitthala at Pandharpur is derived mainly from the puranas and has been augmented by the contribution of the great Vaishnava saints of Maharashtra from the 13th to 17th centuries (Namdev, Jnaneshwar, Eknath, Tukaram). The temple with its vast area has a total of six gates. The eastern entrance to this temple is known as the Namdev gate. The sanctum enshrines a standing image of Vithoba also known as Panduranga, Pandhari or Vitthala. The image dates back to the 5th century. There are inscriptions in this temple dating back to the 13th century. Namdev, the 13th century saint was closely associated with this temple. Copper plate inscriptions of the Rashtrakootas place this shrine in the 6th century. There is also a shrine to Pundalik at Pandharpur. Shirdi Shirdi, a small village in Kopargam Taluk, in Ahmadnagar, Maharastra is regarded to be an important pilgrimage place in India as sage Sai Baba lived here till his death. It is about 285 km, which is 6 hours drive from Mumbai.
After his death, Sai Baba's fame has spread far and wide. Sai Baba believed and respected all religions. Samadhi Temple was started during the lifetime of Sai Baba, with a view to having a temple of Sri Krishna. But later, Sai Baba himself decided to live there. So, after Sai Baba attained Nirvana (eternal peace), His mortal remains were buried at the place. The articles and valuables, which were used by the Baba, are exhibited in a room here. Dwarkamayee Masjid is the place where Baba lived for almost for 60 years. There is also a place called Chavadi where Sai Baba used to visit every alternate night. Gurusthan is the place where Sai Baba used to sit under a neem (Margo) tree. It is said that the leaves of this tree lost their bitterness with to the grace of Sai Baba. Samadhis of Baba's devotees like Abdul Baba, Nanavalli, Bhau Maharaj and Tatya are also there in Shirdi. There are also interesting and holy places related to Sai Baba. Nearest important railway station is at Kopergaon, trains of major cities are available. The Shirdi Sai Sansthan provides boarding and lodging facilities but since large numbers of devotees throng the place, especially on Thursdays, one can find it difficult to get accommodation. But there are good hotels, which cater to the needs of all classes of devotees. Locals also let rooms on rent over here. Hotels in Shirdi: Sun-n-Sand Shirdi - Goradia's Hotel Siddhivinayak Temple Siddhivinayak Temple is in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Siddhivinayak Lord Ganapati/Ganesh is worshipped in the temple. The temple dates back to 18th Century. Vinayak is considered to be one of the Ashta Vinayak shrines of Maharashtra, celebrating eight instances of legends related to Ganesha. The present form of the temple was re-constructed five years ago. The temple has a Kalash, which is a pointed dome of 12 feet high Gabhara (sanctum sanctorum) weighing 1500 kg and plated in gold. So, it facilitates the 'Darshan' of Sri Siddhivinayak from either the area surrounding the Gabhara or the stage (Sabha Mandap) constructed to conduct pujas and festivities.
The idol of Ganapati is also called Chaturbhuj as it has four arms. A lotus is held in the upper right hand symbolises auspicious piety and a small axe in the upper left, a holy rosary of beads (Japmala) are held in the lower right and a bowl full of Modaks (a delicacy which is a perennial favorite with Sri Siddhivinayak) in the lower left. On auspicious Tuesdays, the serpentine queue of worshippers is over 2 km long. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with all the places in the state as well as the country. Tourists can take the city buses from any point of the city and reach this temple.
Takht Sri Hazur Sahib Takhat Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib is the most important Gurdwara situated in Nanded, Maharashtra. It is one of the four high seats of Authority of the Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru died in Nanded and his ashes are buried in the Sach Khand Shri Huzur Gurdwara on the side of the river Godavari. Different kinds of weapons of Govind Singhji's time are exhibited here. The Guru gave his last sermon to the Sikhs in this Gurudwara. The Gurdwara is beautifully architected with marble and golden plating. Corners of the roof of the first floor are decorated with domed kiosks on octagonal pedestals. The sanctum has marble lining decoration with inset work in floral patterns on lower parts of the walls and stucco and tukari work on the upper parts as well as on the ceiling. Nearest and convenient airport is Aurangabad. There is a railway station at Nanded. It is well connected by road with the important places within and beyond the state. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Nanded. Free lodging is provided at the Dharamshala, which is just beside the Gurudwara.
Music of Maharashtra
Every festive occasion is accompanied by song, music and dance in Maharashtra. Talking about the music of Maharashtra won't complete without the mention of Natya Sangeet, numerous folk songs and its great saint poets. Although music in Maharashtra like Marathi literature has an ancient tradition, the popularity of classical music in Maharashtra began through Gwalior. Miraj town of Sangli district is known as the 'town of music'. The world famous Indian musical instrument the Sitar is made in this town. Folk songs are an inseparable part of the daily lives of the rural Maharashtra. Folk forms like lavani, nautanki and tamasha music are very famous. However, a lot of these art forms are dying out as performers are finding it difficult to sustain. Amongst the saint poets, Jnandev, Namdev, Tukaram, Jani and Soyara are imorptant to mention. They believed in the fusion of Bhakti (devotion) with Jnana (knowledge). They taught to worship and merge into oneness with the God. Folk Music Lavani and Povada are the most popular folk songs that entertain the village-folks in Maharashtra. Bhaleri, a folksong is sung to cheer the farmers working in the field. They also sing special songs during the harvesting time. Village women of Maharashtra sing a folk song called owi at dawn describing maika, mother's home and sasural, husband's home. Suvasinis sing folk songs at the halad and ghana ceremonies in a marriage. Palane is a lullaby in Maharashtra to put a child to sleep. Artya is the folk song that appeases the wrath of deities to protect from diseases like smallpox, plague etc. Bhajan, Bharud, Gondhal, Kirtan, Lalita, Abhangas and Tumbadi singing are the other forms of community entertainments based on folksongs found in Maharashtra. Gondhal, Lalita, Lavani, Povadas and Tamasha are the other forms of entertainment that involves folk music in Maharashtra. Natya Sangeet Natya Sangeet is very popular in Maharashtra. It is sort of stage music that performs on the stage. It derives from the classical form of Indian music and presented on the semiclassical style. The tune is an amiable blend of deep classical strains and old-style musical patterns with recurrent rhythmic changes. Background instrumentation music rivets the composition completely in sync with the vocals. Narayanrao Rajhauns, popularly known as Bal Gandharava is the master of Natya Sangeet. An entire genre of Natya Sangeet rooted in Hindustani classical music is developed under him. Marathi musical theatre too is largely obliged to this maestro for his contribution in the field.
Poets of Maharashtra Jnandev, popularly known as Jnaneshwara, his sister Muktabai and his two brothers were all poetsaints. His great work, the Jnaneshwari is a monumental verse commentary on the Bhagavad Gita. He also wrote Anubhavamrita. Then came Namdev, who wrote in Hindi as well as in Marathi. Some of his Hindi songs were included in the Granth Sahib, the scripture of the Sikhs. Traveling all over Maharashtra with Sant Dnyaneshwar, Namdev taught people about deep devotion to God. Eknaath (1533-99), taught bhakti and jnana are like flower and fruit, inconceivable in separation. He succeeded the works of Jnaneshwar and Namdev. Eknaath edited the text of the Jnaneshwari as it became corrupted in coarse of time. He was both scholar and poet, and his verse exposition of chapter XI of the Bhagavata is as illuminating and as popular as the Jnaneshwari. He also wrote religious songs like Abhangas, Owees and Bharuds. Tukaram's, (1608-'50) secret peculiarity lies in the rustic simplicity and utter frankness on selfrevelation in his songs together with their profound understanding and ardent devotion. He wrote devotional songs like 'Abhangas' and performed 'Keertans'.
Dances of Maharashtra
Gifted with its rich culture and traditions, Maharashtra has different types of dance forms. Povada is the dance form that showcases the lifetime achievements of the Maratha ruler Shivaji Maharaj. Lavani and Koli dance forms entertain the Maharashtrians with its mesmerizing music and rhythmic movements. Dhangri Gaja dance pays respect to their God by the Dhangars of Sholapur. Dindi and Kala are the religious folk dances, which expresses of religious ecstasy of Lord Krishna. Tamasha is the folk dance that is so popular all over the state. Dhangari Gaja As the Dhangars of Sholapur district of Maharashtra herd to green pastures for grazing for their cattle, they become acquainted with the nature. Inspired by the scenic beauty, they compose poetry, called ovi writing about the nature and their God Biruba. They honour God Biruba once in every year when they return home. They spend their time with their families and beloved ones. And this is the time when the Dhangari Gaja dance is performed to please their God for His blessings. Dhangar dance is performed in traditional Marathi dresses - dhoti, angarakha and pheta with colourful handkerchiefs. Generally, during they dance, they move around a group of drum players. Dindi and Kala Dindi and Kala are the religious folk dances in Maharashtra, which expresses religious ecstasy. Young women perform a variety of folk dances known as phugadis on the occasion of Mangalagouri Puja as well. Farmers observe the Bharadi Gauri festival by singing and dancing. Hadga or Bhondla, performed by the unmarried girls or newly married girls is also an important folk dance form of Maharsahtra. Ghagar Phunkane, exclusively performed by women of the Sitapavan Brahman at the time of Mahalaksmi worship in the bright half of Asvin is another ecstatic folk dance. Dindi is performed during ekadashi day in the month of Kartik in Maharashtra. Dindi is a small drum used by the musicians during the performance of this dance form. The musicians in the centre that comprises of a Mridangam player and a vocalist, balances the rhythm of the dancers. When the dancers accelerate the rhythm, they form two rows, stamp their right feet, bow, and advance with their left feet, making geometric formations. The dance describes the playfulness of Lord Krishna. The Kala dance also showcases the playfulness of Lord Krishna. Beat and the rhythm are the main attractions of this dance form. A group of dancers form a double-tiered circle with other dancers on their shoulders. A man breaks the pot and splashes curds over the naked torsos of the dancers. The dancers twirl sticks and swords in a feverish battle dance after this ceremonial opening.
Koli Dance Koli is the dance form of Koli fisher folk of Maharashtra. The community has its own distinct identity and lively dances. The dance incorporates elements that this community is most familiar with - sea and fishing. The dance is performed by both men and women divided into two groups, where fishermen stand in two rows holding oars in their hands. The dancers move in unison, portraying the movement of the rowing of a boat. Fisherwomen are in the opposite rows with their arms linked and advancing towards men folk. The separate formation then break up and they dance together with movements symbolizing the waves, the breakers and rowing from cliff to cliff and casting of nets to catch the fish. Povadas Dance Povadas are presented in the Marathi ballads form. This dance form describes the events in the life of the great Maratha ruler, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha Empire, and did a lifelong struggle against the Mughals. By 1680, the year of Shivaji's death, nearly the whole of Deccan belonged to him. Shivaji was a great warrior and one of the finest rulers of India, so he holds the highest place in Maratha history. Maharashtrians maintain a high respect of this great hero and remember him through these ballads. Lavani Dance The word Lavani derived from Lavanya, meaning beauty. This form is a combination of dance and music, which is dealt with different and varied topics such as society, religion, politics, romance, etc. Attractive women wearing nine-yard saris typically perform the dance with the captivating rhythm of dholak. These women synchronized sensually to a catching tune and teasing lyrics. Maharashtra was once a battle torn state, and Lavana dance served as mode of entertainment and morale booster to the tired soldiers during the 18th and 19th century. The dance reached peak popularity during the Peshwai (a dynasty seated in Pune) rule, when it was given royal support by the ruling elite. Marathi poets like Honaji Bala, Ramjoshi, Prabhakar, etc. took Lavani to new heights. In the recent times, Lavani has become passé, mainly confined to sensual entertainment often presented in a stereotyped and cheap form in Marathi films.
Tamasha The word tamasha in Persian language means fun and entertainment. The tamasha dance form has been believed to be derived from the ancient form of Sanskrit drama - the 'Prahsana' and the 'Bhana'. Modern Tamasha troupes are of two sections - Song-dance troupe and Folk-drama troupe. Kolhati and Mahar communities are associated with Tamasha. The poet singers known as shahirs, composed many narrative and love songs for Tamasha. Kathak, kavali and ghazal songs reflect to any Tamasha performance. Tamasha is generally started with a devotional song and is followed by the dramatic sequence known as 'Gaulan'. Love songs like lavanis are the spirit of Tamasha and are very much popular. Musical instruments like dholki drum, tuntuni (a single string instrument), manjeera cymbals, daf (a tambourine-like instrument with a single leather surface), halgi (smaller daf), the metal triangle called kad', the lejim (an instrument with a jangling sound), the harmonium and ghunghroos (ankle bells) are used to increase the aestheticism of the dance.
Maharashtra Culture
As Maharashtra is a vast state, the people of this colourful state wears different types of costumes, take different cuisines, has different forms of dances and music according to the physical features of their locality. Generally, men wear dhoti and pheta in olden days, while women wear choli and saree. But with the change of time, young Maharashtrians too are fast attracting to the latest fashions imported from the western countries. The mouth watering Konkan and Varadi cuisines would kill any visitor's appetite. Although, Maharashtrian cuisines are a bit strong in pepper and spice, but it is the speciality of the dishes of this state that world knows about. And everybody knows about the unbeatable taste of the Mumbai chaats. The dance forms like Povada, Lavani and Koli with mesmerizing music and rhythmic movements entertain the Maharashtrians. Dhangri Gaja, Dindi, Kala and Tamasha are the folk dances that attach to the heart of the people of this state. Costumes of Maharashtra As Maharashtra is a vast state, the people of this colourful state wears different types of costumes, take different cuisines, has different forms of dances and music according to the physical features of their locality. Generally, men wear dhoti and pheta in olden days, while women wear choli and saree. But with the change of time, young Maharashtrians too are fast attracting to the latest fashions imported from the western countries. The mouth watering Konkan and Varadi cuisines would kill any visitor's appetite. Although, Maharashtrian cuisines are a bit strong in pepper and spice, but it is the speciality of the dishes of this state that world knows about. And everybody knows about the unbeatable taste of the Mumbai chaats. The dance forms like Povada, Lavani and Koli with mesmerizing music and rhythmic movements entertain the Maharashtrians. Dhangri Gaja, Dindi, Kala and Tamasha are the folk dances that attach to the heart of the people of this state. Foot Wear of Maharashtra In past days, generally people of wheat and cotton growing areas wear shoes, but were less common in the rice growing areas. Women go bare-footed, but sometimes have sandals in the past days. Boots and shoes in the European fashion are popular since British days in towns and cities, but their use is still confined to small number of rich persons, pleaders, young merchants etc. For the use of the common people, sandals and chappals of various patterns are the most common one in the state. Kolhapuri chappals, which are made in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra and its surrounding towns and villages, are famous worldwide.
Costumes Worn on Festive Occasions There is no special dress for any special holidays, celebrations or family get-togethers in Maharashtra. One can wear anything, which they afford to, and it depends on their choice and financial conditions. But generally, for ceremonial occasions men prefer to dress the spacious looking Indian style long coat, called ackan, and chudidar pyjama or survar. It is slightly gathered at the ankles-end with bracelet-like horizontal folds. A folded woolen or a silk cap and cadhav or pump-shoes perfects the ensemble. Women generally costly sarees like benaras brocade, chanderi, kanjeevaram and surat silka. Jewellery As Maharashtra is the land of Marathas and Peshwas, women wear traditional jewelleries derived from these two dynasties. Another very much popular jewellery for the Marathi women is Kolhapuri saaj, a special type of necklace. It is designed in other parts of Maharashtra as well, but Kolhapuri saaj is the most famous one. Different types of bangles like Patlya, Bangdya and Tode are the typical jewellery on the hands of women in Maharashtra. Maharashtrians fond of pearls are vivid in their Chinchpet (choker), Tanmani (short necklace) and Nath (nose ring). The Bajuband (the amulet) is also a favourite. Earrings with flower-shaped are a popular as well. Men Wear Men wear dhoti with a shirt known as the pheta in Maharashtra. They also wear headdress, which is a folded cap of made of cotton, silk or woolen cloth. It can also be a freshly folded turban known as rumal, patka, phet. Pagadi, the prepared form of turban was also used to wear, but it is rarely used this days. Bandi, a type of waistcoat or jacket is also worn over the shirt. Dhoti is made of cotton cloth, which is nearly two and half to three meters long, with or without borders on both the sides. A type of dhoti, which has five tucks, three into the waistband at the two sides and in front, while the loose end is tucked in front and behind is very popular amongst the Maratha Brahmans. For durable hand-made dhotis, Nagpur-made are most popular. But these are the traditional clothing, which were popular up to three decades back. Now the younger generations wear the latest fashion wears of any kind.
Women Wear Women in Maharashtra wear saree, which is nine yards in length and a short-sleeved blouse, which is also known as choli. The choli covers about only the half part of the torso. Generally, this is the costume of elderly Marathi women. Saree is known as lugade in Marathi. Its width is nearly 42 to 45 inches having two lengthwise borders kant or kinar, and also two breadth-wise borders, padar, at the two ends, of which one is more decorated than the other. Now, with the coming of new fashion, sarees of five or six yards in length have now become fashionable among young ladies in the urban areas. These are worn cylindrically over a parkar or ghagara, also called petticoat. The design of choli has also changed, and using of designer blouses, polkas, and jumpers are popular. With the impact of Bollywood and fast emerging trend of world fashion, women living in cities have become more westernized. Working women wear chudidars, pants, and skirts these days, which are more comfortable.
Cuisines of Maharashtra
Maharashtrians consider anna, or food equals to Brahma, the creator of the universe. Maharashtrians believe in offering their food first to the God as a thanksgiving. Especially on festive occasions, specific mithais (sweets) are offered such as ukadiche modak (Ganesh Chaturthi) and satyanarayan puja sheera. Maharashtrian cuisine has two major styles - Konkan and Varadi. A major portion of Maharashtra, which lies on the coast of the Arabian Sea, is called the Konkan having its own Konkani cuisine, which is a combination of Malvani, Gaud Saraswat Brahmin and Goan cuisines. The cuisine for the interior Maharashtra or the Vidarbha area is called Varadi cuisine. Maharashtrian cuisine is packed with the subtly flavoured vegetarian delicacies and hot aromatic meat and fish curries, while the crunchy, crisp sweets are made mostly from rice and jiggery are also their favourite. The Konkan food has a lot of coconut in it and strong in masalas, red chillies and coriander. The spicy Kolhapuri food emphasizes on mutton. The food of the Vidarbha region is prepared strong in red chillie powder and garlic. Mumbai has its own pot-pourri of dishes like vada pav, misal and pav bhaji, which are immensely popular across India. Konkan Cuisine Konkan cuisine is strong in spice, red chillie powder, corianders, and prepared with coconut oil. It is prepared using a deep purple berry that has a pleasing sweet and sour taste, kokum and raw mango as souring agents along with tamarind and lime. Konkan cuisine is of two styles, first one is Brahmin cuisine, which uses little spice and more of coconut based ingredients. Another version is known as non-Brahmin style, prepared with lots of spice. Konkan cuisine would find prepared with peanuts, sesame and coriander as the main spicing agents if one goes a bit further towards inland. Lots of charcoal grilled onions, which are either used chopped or ground along with masalas after being grilled are used in Konkan cuisine. Coconut is also used in various forms as raw grated, fried grated, coconut paste and coconut milk. Maharashtra Cuisine Maharashtrian cuisine is of two kinds - Konkani and Varadi. Despite its difference in style of preparation, both the style use lot of seafood and coconut. Peanut oil is the main cooking medium, and grated coconuts, peanuts and cashew nuts are widely used in vegetarian dishes. Kokum is the most commonly used digestive-appetizer and sol kadhi is served chilled. Butter fried and crisp bombil or bombay duck is the most popular seafood. Rice and bhakris are the main starch intake for Maharashtrians. Bharlivangi or baby brinjals stuffed with coconut is very popular. Maharashtrian food is incomplete without papads. Roti-stuffed puran poli, with a sweet mixture of jiggery and gram flour, and shreekhand is the most popular dessert in Maharashtra.
Food for Festival Soonth panak and sprouted chana usal are prepared for Gudi Padwa, puran poli for Holi, coconut potali in Haritalika, karanji and chakli for Ganesh Chaturthi, shankarpali, badam halwa, chakli and karanji during Diwali, shengdana chikki in Makar Sakranti.
Food for Weddings Vegetarian food prepared without garlic and onion is served on banana leafs on marriages. The menu includes vegetables in coconut gravy, green mango chutney, cucumber and peanut salad, rice, puris, golden dal called varan and a sweet dish like jalebi, creamy basundi or saffron-scented shrikhand. Mattha or coriander-flavoured, salted buttermilk complements the meal, and sums up with a sweet paan called vida.
Mumbai Chaat Mumbai has people with different working in different economy levels. Thousands of working families live on the diets prepared at street vendors. The most encouraging thing is these vendors even level with the taste of the expensive restaurants up to some extent. So, Mumbai's fast food vendors are no more restricted to bhel and pani puri; roadside snacks now sell dosas, pizzas, hamburgers, pulao, biryani and many more. Mumbai's unbeatable chaats include vada pav, sandwich, a light snack made of bread, zpudina chutney and fresh vegetables, pani puri, a light snack made up of puffed puris, sprouts and other spices, dahi batata puri, a good substitute for breakfast or mini meals during summer days, pav bhaji, mixture of different varieties of vegetables cooked in different style, missal, a spicy mixture of pulses, potatoes and other spices, bhel puri, a very famous Chowpatty chaat popular all over India, sev batata puri, a light snack made of flat puris garnished with mashed potatoes, chutneys and other condiments. If anybody misses Ragada patties at Mumbai Chowpatty, then he has missed everything.
Maharashtra Caves
Maharashtra is famous for its caves. The state has the largest number of caves in India. The caves in Maharsahtra are so old, dating back to as early as 1st century BC. Most of the caves were as the viharas (hall) and chaityas (pillared religious caves) by Budhist, Hindu and Jain priests. These caves showcase fine arts and crafts of the historical past. Ellora in Aurangabad district is the best example for the experiments that had carried out by Buddhist, Hindu and Jain priests in making these huge and wonderful caves. The sculptures in these caves are really fascinating. Ajanta caves are again a fine achievement of human architecture of the olden days located at the same districts. There are also other caves in this district, which area a few kilometers away from the famous Bibi-Ka-Maqbara. Then comes the UNESCO world heritage site of Elephanta caves. It is believed that the same team who had worked at the Kailash Temple at Ellora built the same Shiva Temple at Elephanta. Ajanta Caves Ajanta caves are at a distance of 99 km from Maharashtra's Aurangabad district. It is believed that Ajanta caves started carving from 2nd century BC and ended at 6th century AD. The entire course of the evolution of Buddhist architecture can be traced in Ajanta. Images interpreting the life stories of Buddha and animal figures were carved out from the huge rocks. Everything including the contemporary people, kings, slaves, women, men and children are seen in the Ajanta wall paintings interlaced with flowers, plants, fruits, birds and beasts. There are also the figures of yakshas, kinneras (half human and half bird) gandharvas (divine musicians), apsaras (heavenly dancers), which were of concern to the people of that time. The total number of caves including the unfinished one is thirty of which five (9, 10, 19, 26 and 29) are Chaitya-Grihas and the rest are Sangharamas or Viharas (monasteries). The caves 1, 2, 16 and 17 can be rated amongst the greatest artistic works of human art.
Aurangabad Caves A major chunk of the caves in Aurangabad are Viharas. Total number of caves is twelve; out of which cave number 3 and 7 are the most fascinating ones. Cave number 1 to 5 are in the western group and caves from 6 to 10 are in the eastern group. Tantric influences are noticeable in Aurangabad caves. Aurangabad caves are just a few kilometers away from the famous monument of Bibi Ka Maqbara. These caves are believed to be excavated between 2nd and 6th century AD. Aurangabad caves are carved out of the hillside and are a fine piece of architecture.
Elephanta Caves Elephanta caves are in the magnificent Elephanta Island, which is 11 km from Mumbai. It has beautiful carvings, sculptures, and a temple of the Hindu God, Lord Shiva. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has been a commercial, military and religions centre for centuries having traces of early Buddhist culture. The Elephanta caves date back to 9th - 12th centuries. With the Brahminical resurgence during the reign of Gupta dynasty in 3rd century AD, these great cave dedicated to Lord Shiva exploded into existence at Elephanta. According to legends and historians, great warrior prince of Chalukya dynasty Pulkesin ll raised the shrine to celebrate his victory. Some historians also suggest that the Kalchuri King Krishnaraja built these caves in 6th century AD. It seems that the same craftsmen and sculptors who had worked on the Kailasa Temple and other adjoining Buddhist caves at Ellora were employed at Elephanta. It is believed that the caves were used as target practice after they constructed a fort and put a flag to ward off pirates. Ellora Caves Ellora caves are in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. Ellora showcases the experiments that had carried out by Hindu, Buddhist and Jain monks some 600 to 300 years back. It is believed that the structures were carved between 350 AD to 700 AD. There are 34 temples in total carved out of stone at Ellora caves, which can be divided into three eras - Buddhist, Hindu and Jain. It took over five centuries in scooping out these monasteries, temples and chapels. The Hindu caves are a bit different from the Jain and Buddhist temples in creative vision and execution skills. Cave number 14 is a Shiva temple, depicting Him as a destroyer. The Kailasnath temple, which is in the 16th cave, is known for its audacious feats in architecture. It is said that nearly 200,000 tonnes of rock had been removed in carving out this temple taking nearly 100 years. Its area is twice the area of the Parthenon in Athens and is 11/2 times higher. Mural paintings are found in 5 caves at Ellora. Maharashtra government organizes Ellora Festival of Classical Dance and Music every year at these caves. Aurangabad is well connected by air, rail and road. Kanheri Caves--The location of the Kanheri caves is so green with wooded hills and valleys, and it is at a distance of only 42 km from Mumbai. The architectures of this cave are regarded to be one of the finest in India. According to historians, these caves scooped out between 200 BC and 600 AD. The whole complex has 109 caves cut manually on the flank of a hill
Karla and Bhaja Caves Karla and Bhaja Caves are located near Lonavala in Maharashtra. The Bhaja caves are regarded to be from the times of Hinayana phase of Buddhism, which is of 2nd to 1st century BC. These caves are also mainly Viharas and Chaityas and located just 3 km away from the main road amidst green surroundings. There is also a waterfall near the cave where tourists can refresh themselves with a dip. Lohagad and Visapur forts are not far from these caves. Karla Cave is the largest Hinayana Buddhist chaitya (temple) in India built during Satavahana's rule. Karla is the best example of rock-cut architecture, which is believed to carve out from a living rock. Some of its 2000 year-old wooden beams are still alive. It takes nearly 20 minutes to climb up the steep way of the Karla caves. There is a 45 meter (148-foot) long Chaitya, possibly the finest of its kind in the country. A temple has been built recently built at the entrance using pillars from the Budhist period. There is a sculpture of Buddha preaching seated on a lion-supported throne, which has magnificent carvings of three elephants. The pillars are adorned with motifs of elephants, men and riding women etc. Nearest airport is at Pune, while nearest railway station is Malavli. Lonavla station, 10 km from Kalra is the most convenient base for visiting Karla and Bhaja caves. Pandu Lena Caves Pandavleni caves are 2000-year-old, and it was built by the Jain Kings. It is a group of 24 Hinayana Buddhist Caves, which date back between 1st century BC and 2nd century AD. These caves are at a distance of 8 km from Nasik. Amongst all, cave number 3 and 10 are the best. Cave number 3 has a large Vihara with fascinating sculptures, cave number 10 is also a Vihara, but it is much older and finer than the cave number 3. It is believed to be as old as the Karla Cave near Lonavala. The cave has idols of Buddha, Jain Teerthankara Vrishabhdeo, and the icons of Bodhisatva, Veer Manibhadraji and Ambikadevi. These caves are popular meeting places for the disciples as well. There are also attractive water tanks that are very skillfully chiseled into the rock. Nashik is well connected by road and rail with all the major places within and outside the state. Pitalkhora Caves Pitalkhora Caves, which dates back to 2nd century BC are only 40 km away from Ellora caves at Aurangabad. One can see here many unusual sculptures like Yaksa figures. The main gate has a wide terrace, with the naga and guardians flanking the door, and a row of elephants decorate the complex. A stair directly connects the entrance to the chaitya. A group of viharas, a chaitya hall, and two smaller caves across the gorge with stupas consist the complex. Animal motifs, miniature chaitya windows, elephants, guardians, and yaksa figures can be seen as sculptures in this cave. The Pitalkhora chaitya is ageing, so the original pillars have been replaced with cement pillars to prevent a collapse. 5th century paintings can be seen on the surviving pillars.
Maharashtra Architecture
Maharashtra is famous for its caves and rock cut architectures. It is said that the varieties found in Maharashtra are wider than the caves and rock cut architectures found in the rock cut areas of Egypt, Assyria, Persia and Greece. The Buddhist monks first started these caves in the 2nd century BC, in search of serene and peaceful environment for meditation, and they found these caves on the hillsides. Later, Hindu cave temples at Ellora and Ajanta became finest designs of human art. Some of India's oldest wall paintings can be seen here. Maharashtra's famous rock-cut caves have several distinct design elements; even though sculptures of the time are regarded to be so stiff and unmoving. The Buddhist caves particularly the older ones are either temples (Chaityas) or monasteries (Viharas). Cave Architecture Maharashtra is famous for its caves and rock cut architectures. It is said that the varieties found in Maharashtra are wider than the caves and rock cut architectures found in the rock cut areas of Egypt, Assyria, Persia and Greece. The Buddhist monks first started these caves in the 2nd century BC, in search of serene and peaceful environment for meditation, and they found these caves on the hillsides. Later, Hindu cave temples at Ellora and Ajanta became finest designs of human art. Some of India's oldest wall paintings can be seen here. Maharashtra's famous rock-cut caves have several distinct design elements; even though sculptures of the time are regarded to be so stiff and unmoving. The Buddhist caves particularly the older ones are either temples (Chaityas) or monasteries (Viharas). Rock Cut Architecture Rock cut architectures are also found in the countries like Egypt, Assyria, Persia and Greece, but not so wide as the kinds of Maharashtra's caves. It is different as it is more of sculpture type than architecture. In this type, the visualized final product is carved from a huge rock. These masons are not that concerned with spans, forces, beams, columns, and all the other architectural features. But these caves serve the basic human needs such as a space for pray and worship or a crypt to serve as a final resting place. Elephanta and Ellora are best examples of cave architectures. The famous 6th century shrine of Shiva Mahadeva at Elephanta was made by cutting a huge giant rock that gathered over half a million cubic feet of rock. Kailash Temple at Ellora is another marvelous work of human rock cut art. It was not made by carving down into the face of a cliff and creating underground halls, but by setting aside all convention and created a full temple, identical in every detail to a structural built-up by carving vertically down into the living rock. The plan of Kailash Temple is fully equal in area to the Parthenon at Athens.
Maharashtra Forts
There are nearly 350 forts in Maharashtra, so it is said that forts are the glory of Maharashtra. Most of these forts are associated with the great Maratha ruler, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. It is believed that he developed as many as thirteen forts. Vijaydurg fort is regarded to be the best sea fort developed by Shivaji. Every fort has temple inside that was a powerful inspiration to the Maratha fighters. 510 km away from Mumbai is the famous Sindhudurg and Vijaydurg forts. This twin fort was constructed with the special guidelines from Shivaji. This fort is famous for its serene environmental beauty and its historic importance. Shivner fort is the fort where Shivaji was born. This fort is nearly about 120 km from Pune. Pratapgad fort reminds the fiery battle fought between Shivaji and Afzal Khan. One must see the 300-year old fine architectural fort of Murud - Janjira fort, Lohagad and Visapur Forts, Harishchandragad Fort, Arnala Fort and Ajinkyatara Fort are ideal for trekking. Adventure lovers must visit these forts. Ahmadnagar Fort Ahmadnagar Fort, which was built in 1490 AD, is located 1 km away east of Ahmadnagar city in Maharashtra. This 500-year old fort is circular in shape and has 18m high wall reinforced with 22 bastions. To keep enemy at bay, a deep trench was dug that surrounded the fort. First Prime Minister of free India, Pandit Nehru wrote 'Discovery of India' when he was imprisoned in this fort here in 1944. Leaders rooms are still alive inside the fort, where leaders of freedom struggle were imprisoned from 1942-45. Although, the Indian army occupies the fort, entry into the fort is allowed by signing at the gate. But photography is not allowed inside the fort. Ahmadnagar is in the central Maharashtra, which is close to most of the major cities in Maharashtra. Pune is 120 km away from here, while Mumbai is at a distance of 300 km. Its good location makes Ahmadnagar easy to reach both by road and by train. Good hotels are available in Ahmadnagar. Ajinkyatara Fort Ajinkyatra Fort is in Satara, Maharashtra. The fort is located at Ajinkyatara Mountain, which is 3,300 feet high. As the fort is in the higher altitude, visitors can enjoy a magnificent view of the entire Satara city. There are number of water tanks inside the fort for storing water. So, there is no scarcity of water even as the fort is in the higher place.Viewing the Ajinkyatara Fort from far Yawateshwar hill too is so nice. Main attractions of this place are hiking, trekking and mountaineering. For the best view, one must start breasting up the hill from the base of Ajinkyatara at around 3.30 pm.
In 1708, Shahu Maharaj won Ajinkyatara, remained with the Marathas till 1818. The Ajinkyatara fort is a major historic place of Maharashtra, and was very vital as one could keep watch of the entire South Maharashtra. Visitors can also visit the temples of Devi Mangalai, Lord Shankar and Lord Hanuman on the northeast side of the fort. Nandgiri and Chandan-Vandan forts on the east and Jarandeshwar and Yawateshwar hills on the west can also be seen from the fort. Satara is well connected by rail and road with Pune, Sangli, Miraj and Kolhapur. One can stay at the hotels in Satara. Arnala Fort Anara Fort is located at Arnala Islands, which is at a distance of 8 miles north of Vasai in Maharashtra. As it is surrounded on all sides by water, Arnala Fort is also known as 'Jaldurg' or 'Janjire Arnala'. Anara Fort is mainly on the north side of Anara Island. The main entrance is on the northern side, while the fort has broad and strong high walls with three gates. Steps are made that lead to ramparts (walls), so one can take a walk around the entire boundary wall. To allow entry in the small rooms and storehouses below, the ramparts have number of small openings in its broad walls. Villagers use some of these storehouses to store their paddy crop. One would come across a canon ball still stuck on the inner side of the west side of the wall near the temple. It is believed that Shivaji built this fort under the leadership of Kanoji Agare. Arnala Fort came under the British control in 1803 after Bajirao II Peshwa signed the infamous Treaty of Vasai. The fort also has a 'Shankar Temple' and a Mosque where religious festivals are celebrated every year. The villagers grow vegetables on plots inside the fort, as well as on the western side out side the fort. Bassein Fort Bassein Fort is located at Vasai, about 55 km from Mumbai, Maharashtra. Bahadur Shah, Sultan of Gujarat, built the fort. The main gate of this large fort leads to a small courtyard; from here one can climb the ramparts to take a look at the old structures, which are now in ruined conditions. Despite the fort is so old and in the condition of ageing, there are many remains, which are still livens the wonderful architecture of the olden days. Three chapels inside the fort are in the condition, which can be easily recognized. They have facades typical of 17th century Portuguese churches. The southernmost of these has a well-preserved barrel vaulted ceiling. Many of the watchtowers still stand so strong, with secure staircases. Bassein was ruled over by many rulers such as the Portuguese, the Marathas and finally the British and in the course of time Bassein became a flourishing shipbuilding centre and the famous Bassein stone was very much in demand. Chakan Fort Chakan Fort is located at Chakan near Pune in Maharashtra. The last Maratha-British war was fought in this fort. This fort was built keeping in mind that it might become a rare kind of fort in Maharashtra. The fort is in the ageing condition, which needs lots of maintenance.
One can also visit Lord Vishnu Temple in Varah Avatar near the fort. 'Varah' means pig and is the third avatar (incarnation) of Lord Vishnu, which is seen very rarely in India. These remains of the carvings are found in an ancient temple of Shri Chakreshwar, which is inside the Chakan fort. These carvings are really worth seeing. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road to the important places within the state and also within the country. Hotels are available in Pune. Daulatabad Fort Daulatabad is located at a distance of 13 km from Aurangabad. This fort, which was once known as Devagiri, is a magnificent 12th century fortress standing atop a hill. Daulatabad, which is constructed with excellent architecture, is one of the few invincible forts in Maharashtra. Mohammed Bin Tughluq, the sultan of Delhi gave the name Daulatabad 'The city of fortune'. Series of trick defense and secret escapes routes are the famous features of this fort. Jami Masjid, Bharatmata Mandir, the Chand Minar, Elephant Tank and 'Chini Mahal' or Chinese Palace are the important monuments inside the fort. Daulatabad Fort, which initially had stronghold of Yadav, passed through the hands of several dynasties in Deccan. Daulatabad is included on the MTDC tour of Ellora from Aurangabad. The hourly shuttle buses between Aurangabad can also reach the place and the Ellora caves. Hotels are available in Aurangabad. Gavilgad Fort Gavilgad Fort is near Chikhaldara hill station in Amravati district, Maharashtra. It is believed that the fort is 300 years old. Some beautifully carved idols, which is believed to carve during the period of the Nizams, when Elichpur was their capital are worth to see. Elephants, bulls, tigers, lions and Hindi, Urdu and Arabic scripts comprise the carvings on the walls of the fort. Idols of Lord Hanuman and Lord Shankar are also seen in the fort. 10 cannons made of iron; copper and brass are also there inside the fort. Gavlis, who were rulers of the shepherd community in the 12th /13th century built the fort. Then came on the hands of Gond community till the time they were defeated by the Mughals. The fort is at present under the Melghat Tiger Project. Nagpur is the nearest airport, 230 km away, while Amravati is the nearest railway station, 100 km away. Chikhaldara is well connected by road. Harishchandragad Fort Harishchandragad Fort is famous for its height, its toughness and the famous 'Konkan Kada'. Harishchandra Temple is known to be the pride of the fort. Sant Changdev stayed here for some time and completed his manuscript - 'Tatwasaar'. The Nandi and Shivling in the temple are breathtaking. A
cave nearby is always full of very cold water. Harishchandragad Fort is situated in Junnar region near Malshej Ghat. The fort is very popular to trekkers and nature lovers as it is one of the best forts to trek. Konkan Kada is a challenge for trekkers as it is at a height of 3,500 feet. Rohidas, Taramati and Harishchandra are the three peaks in Harishchandragad. Taramati peak is the highest one in the fort. Many peaks, fort and other beautiful places such as Malshej Ghat, Jivdhan, Nane Ghat, Ratangad, Kalsubai, etc. can also be seen from here. Lucky tourists can sometimes see like tigers, cheetah, snakes, swallow and flamingos, etc. Harishchandragad is must to visit to enjoy the beauty of forest, especially for the Konkan Kada. Nearest airport is in Mumbai (154 km), while nearest railway station is Kalyan. Hotels are available at Mumbai and Pune. Kandhar Fort Kandhar Fort is at Kandhar town in Nanded district of Maharashtra. The fort is encircled with a ditch full of water. It is believed that Rashtrakuta King Krishna III of Malkhed who styled himself as Kandharpuradhi Swar constructed the fort. The ruins of this majestic and historic fort are located at a distance of 50 km from the Ranthambhore National Park. Old Idgah is at some distance from the fort. Ranthambhore National Park is also so near from the fort. One can catch buses from Nanded to Kandhar, accommodation is available at the hotels in Nanded. Lohagad Fort Lohagad and Visapur Forts are situated atop an impressive hill near Malavali, 52 km away from Pune. These forts were built in the 18th century. A 1 km long ridge separates the two forts. These forts are regarded to be ideal for trekking and can be toured in a day from Pune. Lohagad, which is 3,400 feet high, is a very wide spread fort. Ganesh Darwaja, Narayan Darwaja, Hanuman Darwaja and Maha Darwaja are the four doors to Lohagad from the nearby village. A few sculptures are still visible on Maha Darwaja. Visapur fort, which is 3,500 feet in height, is situated between Lohagad and Bedse Caves. A huge cannon of 10 feet in length feet is the main attraction of Visapur, as it has an impression of royal crown. Vinchu Kata is the famous spot of Lohagad - which is a range of hills that looks like Capricorn. Pawana Dam can be viewed from the backside of Lohagad. Sinhagad fort, Tung fort and Tikona fort can be clearly seen from the Visapur fort. These two forts are historically very crucial and must be visited by trek lovers and history lovers. Nearest airport and railway station is at Pune. Regular buses and locals are available from Shivajinagar and Pune Station to Kamshet and Malavali. Hotels are available in Pune. Mumbai Fort An old British fort was located at north of Colaba, so the area north of Colaba is known as Mumbai Fort. There are a lot of imposing buildings from Mumbai's golden period
here. Among many, the St. Johns Church is a striking building in the fort area, which is worth to visit. The church has been dedicated to the warriors who laid down their lives in the Sindh campaign of 1838 and the first Afghan war of 1843. This area has now been established as a commercial centre of Mumbai. So the area is jam-packed with commuters, street stalls and the grand facades of 19th century British institutions and trading houses. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with all the important places within and beyond the state. City buses, local trains, and taxis are available for local transportation. Hotels are available in Mumbai. Murud Janjira Murud-Janjira is located 60 km away from Alibaug, Maharashtra. This small village is on the top of a hillock. It is believed that the rulers of Ahmednagar constructed the fort in the 15th century. Despite the ravages of wind and tide, the fort is almost entirely intact. This 300-year old fort is famous for its fine architecture. Since its construction by the Ahmadnagar rulers under the supervision of their regent Malik Ambar in the 15th century, any enemy never conquered the fort for over 300 years. Murud-Janjira is probably the only of its kind on the 720 km Maharashtra coastline. Murud is popular for its appealing beach, murmuring casuarinas, coconut and betel palms and an ancient fort. The shrine of Lord Dattatreya is near the fort on a hillock. The palace of the Nawab and the Janjira caves are also worth visiting. The beaches of Kashid and Nandgaon are in a few kilometers away from the fort. Nearest airport is at Mumbai (165 km), while nearest railway station is at Roha. Regular ferry services are available from Ferry Wharf up to Rewas (23 km). One needs to take a bus via Alibag and Chaul after Rewas. There are also regular catamarans from the Gateway of India in Mumbai going up to Mandwa. Narnala Fort Narnala Fort is located in Akola district in Maharashtra. The fort is still in a good condition. The fort is located amidst forest. The fort is well maintained and is worth giving a shot. Neglect of the Archaeological Survey Department is visible in this fort. The fort has a fortress wall and beautiful bastions. Akola is well connected by road with the important and big cities of Maharashtra. Hotels are available in Akola.
Panhala Fort Raja Bhoja founded Panhala fort in the late 12th century. This fort is located 18 km northwest of Kolhapur. It has connection with God Parashurama as well. Panhala fort, which carries a rich heritage, is the largest of all the Deccan forts. This is the only fort where the great ruler, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is believed to have spent more than 500 days. It was built between the 1178-1209 AD. The fort covers a vast area having huge boundary walls of over 7 km in length and a steep slope beneath. Three magnificent double-walled gates protect the entrance of the fort. There is a large amberkhana (granary) inside the fort, which has the capacity of containing 25,000 khandis of grains. Shilahara dynasty, Yadava and Bahamani kingdoms, Shivaji, Devagiri Yadavas, Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur army, Mughal Aurangzeb (1700) became the controllers of the fort from time to time. It became Maratha state capital under Tarabai upto 1782, and then British conquered it in 1827. Sajja Kothi - where Sambhaji was imprisoned, Ambabaji Temple - where Shivaji used to seek blessings before venturing on expeditions, Pavankhind - where Baji Prabhu laid down his life to cover Shivaji's escape, Someshwar Temple are also worth to visit. This place is an ideal for trekking as well. The nearest railway station is at Kolhapur, 18 km away. It is only 428 km from Mumbai. Pratapgad Fort Pratapgad Fort is a mountain fort built by Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The fort is at a distance of 24 km from the hill station of Mahabaleshwar. The fort holds a sturdy view of coastal Konkan. The Bhavani Temple and Afzal Khan's tomb are other places of interest. Pratapgad consists of two forts - an upper fort built on the top of the hill and a lower fort immediately below on the south and the east. Surrounding areas can be easily taken guard from the fort on almost all the sides. The southern side is rocky while the eastern side has a strong outwork ending in the Afzal Buruj. The famous minister More Tirmal Pingale on the command of Shivaji Maharaj to control the rebellious satraps of the surrounding Javali Basin built Pratapgad Fort in 1656. It is believed that Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaja was blessed with a shining sword at the temple of Goddess Bhavani here. The historic battle between Chatrapati Shivaji and Afzal Khan, the commander of the Bijapur Sultanate fought here. Bhavani Temple and Afzal Khan's Tomb are major attractions where are situated near the fort.
Purandhar Fort Purandhar Fort is located at a distance of 40 km from Pune. It played an important role in the history of the brave ruler of the Maratha kingdom, Chhatrapati Shivaji. Purandhar was the capital of the Maratha Kingdom, when it was in the budding stages for quite sometime. With the insistence of Jay Singh, Shivaji concluded a peace treaty at Purandhar fort in which he was agreed to pay visit to Aurangzeb at the Imperial court of Agra.
Raigad Fort Raigad was the capital of the Marathas under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Britishers named it 'Gibralter of the East' as the well-fortified structure atop a hill that had repeatedly defied attackers. Shivaji built the fort in the 14th century. Chit Darwaja, also known as Jit Darwaja is at the foothills near village Pachad. Khoob Ladha Buruj is a strategically located tower, from where any attacker from both the side could be defended. Maha Darwaja is at a distance of nearly a mile ahead after a difficult climb. This 350 years-old main entrance to the fort stands so majestically. Mena Darwaja is a special entrance for the royal ladies and the queens. Rani Vasa or Queens' Chambers is to the left of Mena Darwaja. The royal ladies were using these six rooms. In front of the Rani Vasa is the Palkhi Darwaja, special entrance for the convoy of Shivaji Maharaj. There is a row of three dark chambers to the right of Palkhi Darwaja. There is the palace of Shivaji Maharaj to the right of the granaries. Mahabaleshwar, Harihareshwar, Ganpatipule, Shivthar Ghal, Gandhar Pale, Torana: Nijampur Fort Mangad - Raigad Trek, Birwadi - Raigad Trek are the other attractions.
Shivner Fort Chatrapathi Shivaji was born in Shivneri Fort in 1627. The Fort is located at a distance of around 3 km from Junnar (125 km from Pune). Shahaji, father of Shivaji kept his wife Jijabai in this fort during her pregnancy, as the fort was unique and difficult to reach. It is easier to reach the fort by the normal road than to climb from the hills. One has to get through 7 doors before reaching the actual fort. This fort is a very big structure with a very good height. The old and beautiful 'Devi Shivai' temple is on the way. Shivaji was taken from the name of this goddess. Kaman Take, Kadelot Tok, Koli Chouthara and Dongarmatha (the top of the fort) are the other attractions near the fort. One can also see Khodad, Arvi and Kukadi dam in the same trip. One can take the bus between Shivajinagar and Pune to reach Shivneri. Hotels are available in Junnar and Pune. Sindhudurg Fort-Sindhudurg, Shivaji built this ocean fort in 1664 AD on a low rocky 48-acre island off the Malvan coast. Vijaydurg and Sindhudurg are twin forts from the days of Shivaji's time that is a historic place with its serene coastal beauty. It is believed that Shivaji personally
selected the site for the construction of the fort.
Hill Stations of Maharashtra
As the state of Maharashtra is the Home of Sahydri Mountains, the state has many appealing hill stations. The Britishers founded most of these hill stations during their colonial era to beat the scorching heat. But the beauty and the charming glory are still alive in these hill stations. The Western Ghats, which form a part of the Sahydri range, has also lots of beautiful hill stations. Hill stations of Maharashtra not only attract the foreign tourists but also Indian domestic tourists, which are exhausted with the fast urban life. Popular hill stations of Maharashtra are Matheran, Lonavala, Khandala, Mahabaleshwar, Panchagani, Bhandardara, Malshej Ghat, Amboli, Chikhaldara Panhala, Panchgani, Sawantwadi, Toranmal, and Jawahar. It is said that each hill station of Maharashtra has unique characteristic and its closeness to a city makes it very popular. Amboli Hill Station Amboli is located in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. This hill station is at an altitude of 690m above the sea level. Having dense forests and steep mountains, Amboli is the last hill resort before the coastal plains begin in the southern ranges of the Sahyadri Hills. The hilltop Amboli gives a fine bird's-eye view of the Konkan coast. Colonel Westrop, who was a British political agent, developed Amboli as a hill station after the opening of the Ghat Road from the coastal town of Vengurla, now in southern Maharashtra, to Belgaum. Receiving nearly 750 centimeters (269 inches) of rainfall per year, this hill station is the wettest place in Maharashtra. Amboli is one of the few hill stations of Maharashtra from where one can see the sea. This hill station is totally swathed with cloud during rainy season. Hiranyakeshi Temple, Nagarta falls, Hiranya Keshi, Mahadev Gad and Narayangad are the important places to visit in this hill station. Nearest airport is Belgaum, (64 km), while nearest railway station is Sawantwadi at 28 km on the Konkan Railway. One can stay at government resorts Bhandardara Bhandardara is located at a distance of 70 km from Nashik. It is a small and peaceful area. This hill station is popular for fun loving and picnic lovers. Radha Falls, a deep valley, a clean and large Arthur Lake, a historical Ratangadh Fort, an ancient temple Amritheshwar Temple, a peaceful Agasti Rishi Ashram, Wilson Dam also known as Bhandardara Dam, and Viewpoints are the important destinations at Bhandarda. It also has a trekking destination - Mount Kalusubai. The largest earthen dam in the country and one of the oldest dams in Asia, Wilson Dam or Bhandardara Dam is at Bhandardara. The height of the dam is nearly 150 m. The overflowing water makes the Umbrella Falls, which is a picturesque sight during the monsoon season. There is also a lake with serene beauty called Arthur Lake. One can also visit the site from where the lake originates at Pravara River. Streamlets from this lake flow down to 45m heights at Randha Falls. Not only a heart catching scenic spot, these falls also serves as a hydropower generation.
Agasti Rishi Ashram is on the bank of the Pravara River, which attracts huge crowds. One can also visit Amriteshwar Temple at Bhandardara.
Chikaldhara Chikhaldara is in Amaravatio district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It is believed that its name is derived from Keechaka. This hill station is the only hill station, which offers the tourists lots of wildlife, viewpoints, lakes and waterfalls in the Vidharba region. Chikhaldara is situated at an altitude of 1,118 m. This place is the only coffee-growing area in Maharashtra. Chikhaldara is full of deep valleys, and these valleys are full of velvet mist and majestic trees. Abundance of natural scenery, exciting wildlife, breathtaking waterfalls and placid lake make the hill station a perfect site for summer retreat. Popular as the Melghat Tiger Project and Dhakana-Kolkaz National Park, this station has wildlife like panthers, sloth bears, sambar, wild boar, and wild dogs. Tourists can also enjoy the panoramic view of this hill resort from Hurricane Point, Prospect Point, and Devi Point. Gawilgad and Narnala fort, Pandit Nehru Botanical Gardens, Tribal Museum and Semadoh Lake are other destinations of this hill station. Chikaldhara's cool breezy climate makes it an excellent place to repose in summer. Nearest airport is Akola (150 km), while nearest railway station is Badnera (110 km). Nearest bus depot is in Amravathi (100 km). Accommodation is available at Chikhaldara. Jawahar Jawhar hill station is in Thane district of Maharashtra. Gifted with exotic valleys, thick rich forests and pleasant climate, Jawhar offers dofferent type of enjoyment comparing to other hill stations of Maharashtra. Jawhar is popular for its lively Warli paintings. This hill station is one of the few tribal kingdoms in Maharashtra. Tourists can visit Jai Vilas, the Palace of the tribal lords that offers a unique opportunity to expose and enlighten with the tribal way of life. Bhupatgad relics are also worth a visit. Dadar Kopra Falls, Hanuman Temple and Sunset Points are the other attractions of Jawhar. Jawhar is also known as the Mahabaleshwar of Thane District. Shirpamal, where Shivaji Maharaj camped on his way to Surat is near Jawhar. Nearest airport is at Nashik (80 km), while nearest railway station is at Igatpuri (61 km). Lonavala And Khandala Locating at an altitude of 625m, Lonavala and Khandala are famous for its beautiful hills, deep green valleys, huge lakes, historic forts and waterfalls etc. These two hill stations are at the Sahyadris Mountains of Maharashtra. Lonavala and Khandala have magnificent waterfalls that
give a heart catching view during monsoon. Tourists can plan their trip together with Karla, Bhaja, and Bedsa caves, which are very near from Lonavala. This hill station is also known as the 'Jewel of Sahydri', because of its nature's gifted of beautiful valleys, hills, milky waterfalls, lush greenery, and pleasant cool winds. Khandala is smaller than Lonavala and relatively calmer. It is known to be the pride of the Sahyadri Mountains. Beautiful waterfall amidst green environment is really splendid to see. The place refreshes the exhausted tourists. Tugauli, Lonavala, Bhushi and Valvan Lake are the important lakes of this hill station. Nearest airport is situated at Pune (64 km). Lonavala and Khandala are 104 km from Mumbai and 64 km from Pune on the Mumbai-Pune highway. Mahabaleshwar Mahabaleshwar is also known as the Queen of all Hill Stations. This hill station is situated at an altitude of 1,372m in the heart of Sahyadri Hills in Satara District. Its name is derived from a Lord Mahadev temple and three Sanskrit words, Maha (great), Bal (power) and Ishwar (God). Some people also relate the name with mythological past as the name 'Mahabaleshwar' means mighty God. British developed this place as their pastime destination to beat the heat. Looking down from Mahabaleshwar, one can see a panoramic view of the sea and the valley. Mahabaleshwar is regarded to be the best holiday spot in Maharashtra in terms of climate, excursions, sports, and other activities. Lingmala Waterfalls is one of the most enthralling sights in Mahabaleshwar. Dhobi waterfall point is another attraction of the hill station. Wilson Point or Sunrise point is the highest point in Mahabaleshwar. One can enjoy a beautiful view of the sunrise here. Bombay Point in the point where one can see the best of sunset in Mahabaleshwar. Mahabaleshwar has 30 exotic viewpoints that provide the visitors for a spectacular access to the ultimate in fascinating landscapes. Connaught Peak And Hunter Point, Venna Lake, Elphinston, Marjorie And Savitri Points, Arthur's Point, Babington Point, Lodwick Point, Kate's Point, Arthur's Seat, Krishna Temple, Hanuman Mandir, Panchgani, Tapola and Pratapgad Fort are som eof the important sites of Mahabaleshwar. Malshej Ghat Malshejghat is in Pune, Maharashtra. This hill station is known for its special attraction for trekkers, hikers, adventurers, and nature lovers. Malshejghat is at an altitude of 700m above the sea level. Malshejghat is a beautiful hill station with wooded countryside and colourful bird and animal, rugged mountains, historic forts, high-plateau forest houses, resorts and sanctuaries and venerated rivers all around.
Comes under the patio of the Western Ghats, Malshejghat's Flamingo Hill Resort and sanctuary draws large number of trekkers and mini-adventure tourists. Misty hills, placid monsoon lakes and cool, fragrant forests surround this hill resort. Green forest environment and the placid monsoon lakes, which is the home for orange and white flamingos, are the main attractions for Malshejghat. Shivenri Fort - the birthplace of King Shivaji, Buddhist caves (of 3rd century), Harishchandraghadh, Ozar and Lenyadri, Ganesh Temples, Shiva Temple, Bhima River are in and around Malshejghat. Nearest airport is Mumbai (154 km), while nearest railway station is at Kalyan. It is 154 km away from, 164 km from Pune. One can stay at Flamingo Hill Resort and government resorts at Malshejghat Matheran Matheran is an important hill station of Maharashtra as it is the closest one to Mumbai and Pune. This 800m high hill station is located in Alibagh district of Maharashtra. It is appealing to have a view of the valleys from this green and calm hill station. One can also see Mumbai from Hart Point. Such viewings are most suitable on clean and unclouded days. The exhausted tourists from nearby Mumbai and Pune cities take a break here to breathe fresh air. Vehicles are banned in Matheran that makes the journey to this hill station so adventurous. It also makes the place so quiet, serene and peaceful. The journey includes an adventurous two-hour joyride in a toy train. Louisa Point, Panorama Point and Little Chouk Point have fantastic views. Tourists can also visit Charlotte Lake, Parsi and Hindu cemeteries. Adventurous trekkers may go to Byron Garbutt point, Panorama Point. Nearest airport is at Mumbai (100 km), while nearest railway station is at Neral (21 km). Panchgani Panchgani is in Satara district of Maharashtra. One can see the Krishna River on one side and the coastal plain on the other. This hill station lies at an altitude of 1,334m above the sea level. Panchgani is far from the noise and hustlebustle of cities. One can reach the hill station from Mahabaleshwar on Pune road. Tourists can plan for nature walks through jungle, thickly covered with lush trees and vegetation. Krishna River flows through tiny hamlets, farms and ravines. Table Land is an important site at Panchgani, which is a flat mountain peak giving a miniature view of the coastal plains. There is also an enjoyable water sports centre called Tapola. Sydney Point, Rajapuri Caves,
Kartikswamin Temple, Parsi Point, Pandav-Ghat, Mandharodeo Kanga point and Kachhabavdi point are other attractions at Panchgani.. Panhala Located at an altitude of 3177 feet and 18 km away from Kolhapur, Panhala is a scenic hill station and quite popular among tourists. The place houses famous Panhala fort which has great acquaintance with Maratha Empire. As is known about Maratha king Shivaji, who never spent too many days at a place, this was the only place where he had spent more than one and half years of his life. Panhala was the capital city of Maratha state until 1782 but later on after Maratha –British war it came to British Empire. The largest fort of the Deccan region is built on outlaying of Sahyadri range of mountains. Situated 400 meters above the plane Panhala fort is considered the safest forte in the region for its location. About its historical developments and chronology, the fort was built between 1178 and 1209 AD. Initially it was the headquarter for Shilahara ruler Bhoja II. Later on Yadav kings occupied it. It got full appraisal during the time of Bahamani kingdom of Bidar. In early sixteenth century Panhala had become the part of Bijapur kingdom. Bijapur kings helped to make the fort more concrete and they got its gates and other parts rebuilt. Great Maratha guerrilla fighter Shivaji unsuccessfully raided this fort in the year 1659. Finally in the year 1673 he got success over invading the fort. Later on Mughal emperor Aurangzeb occupied the fort. Maratha tried to recapture but could not do too much. The fort is historical evidence of the event when the Mughal Emperor received the English Ambassador Sir William Norris. British took over the fort after a local rebellion in 1844. The fortification of the fort is amazing. Long sections by steep escarpments protect the walls of the fort. Parapet slit holes make insiders know about the danger outside –an excellent defense. The remaining sections have 5-9 m high ramparts, strengthened by round bastions.
Sawantwadi Locating at the Sahyadri Mountains at an altitude of 690m above the sea level, Sawantwadi hill station offers hours of fun to visitors. This hill station is in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. Hiranya Keshi Nagarta Falls and Narayangad are the major attractions for picnicking at Sawantwadi. The palace of Maharaja of Sawantwadi is still in a good condition, and it is worth visiting. Laquerware, wooden toys, and artificial fruit making are the items, which are in demand. Other attractive places are the Moti Lake, Narendra Park, and the Narendra hill. Besides this, Vithal temple, Hanuman temple, and Raghunath market are the places to be seen. Nearest airport is Belgaum at 64 km, while nearest railway station is Sawantwadi at 28 km on Konkan Railway. Hotels are available at Sawantwadi and Amboli.
Toranmal Toranmal is at Satpura Hills in Akrani Taluka of Nandarpur district in Maharashtra. This hill station lies at an altitude of 1461m above the sea level. The surroundings of the Toranmal plateau are cool and greenery. Because of its serene beauty and quietness in nature, it is a perfect place for those who wish to take a break from the noisy environment of the cities. Yashvant Lake is a beautiful natural lake of Toranmal, which is also worth to be visited. Among other temples, Gorakhnath Temple and Nagarjun Temple are the important ones in Toranmal. Thousands of devotees attend a fair of the Gorakhnath on the Maha Shivaratri day, which celebrates in March or April. People from adjoining districts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat attend this fair. Sitakhai; Khadki point, Machindra Gumpha, Sunset point and Kamal Talao are the other attractions on Toranmal. Khadki and Seetalhai are the places for trekkers. Nearest Airport is at Aurangabad (290 km), while nearest railway station is at Nandurbar (76 km). Another railway station is at Dhule (128 km). Government rest house and resorts are available at Toranmal.
Maharashtra Fairs
Maharashtra is a land of rich cultural heritage and traditions. The diverse form of landscape and environment make the state's culture more colourful. Maharashtrians celebrate every fair with great fervour and enthusiasm. The sacred Kumb Mela at Nashik that comes after every twelve years is regarded to be the most important religious fair in Maharashtra. As Maharashtrians have great belief of Lord Ganesh, Ganesh Utsav at Sangli and Pune are the fairs that Maharashtrians celebrate with great fun fare, which are attended by the maximum number of visitors even from foreign countries. The Maharashtra government in collaboration with the Union government is promoting the Pune fair as a major tourists attraction. Other important temple fairs include Changdeo fair at the Markandeya Temple near Edlabad, Kiran Utsav at the Mahalaxmi Temple at Kolhapur, Rathyatra at the Kalaram Temple in Nashik, and the Shrirama Rathotsava fair and the Navaratra Mahalaxmi fair at the Navaratra Mahalaxmi temple in Jalgaon. The Khuldabad Urs is a festival for Muslims; celebrated for five days. Mount Mary Festival, which is held every year at Bandra, Mumbai attracts huge crowds of the city. The Snake festival at Battis Shirala town too attracts large number of tourists from India and aboard Changdeo Fair Changdeo in Maharashtra is regarded to be a holy place because of Purna and Tapi rivers. People flock here once a year to take a holy dip. It is also a place where saint Markandeya is believed to have practiced penance. The place is about 6 km away from Edlabad. A fair, which is attended by nearly 80,000 pilgrims, is held at this place during the month of Magha (January-February) every year. These pilgrims are mostly from the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Nearest airport is at Nagpur at a distance of 177 km from Changdeo; nearest railway station is however at Chandrapur, which is 91 km away. The shortest route to Changdeo by road is via Milswali-Sakhri route, which is about 183 km. Hotels are available at Gadchiroli. Ganesh Chaturthi Ganesha festival, also known as 'Ganesh Utsav' is the biggest festival in Sangli and the nearby areas of Maharashtra. During this festival, people first purchase Ganesh idols and take it to temples to offer prayer. These idols are again taken to their homes to worship for 8 to 10 days. Then it is immersed at Krishna River near Irwin Bridge. Huge Ganesh idols are worshipped at nicely decorated pandals, also known as Dekhavas for 8 to 10 days. These Dekhavas are organized by the Mandals, worked collectively for the entire locality. Various Mandals shouting the slogans of Ganpati Bapa Morya take out huge processions during the first day and the day of immersion of the idols
throughout the city. People from the city and nearby towns, districts throng to witness the Ganesh festival celebrations. Huge money in terms of crores is spent on decorations of the pandals. Ganesh Temple at Sangli is very famous, as it was built from pink sand stone of Rajasthan by the king of the then Sangli state, Patwardhan Raje. The people of Maharashtra have great faith to Lord Ganesh. Every new task begins only after taking the blessings of the Lord. Sangli is well connected by rail and road. Kala Ghoda Festival Kala Ghoda Festival is held on Sundays between November and January months near Jehangir Art Gallery at Mumbai. Kala Ghoda Festival is a celebration of arts and crafts that brings together the works of artistes in the fields of music, dance, theatre and film. It offers an interactive cultural concoction for Mumbaites. Kala Ghoda Festival is organized by the Kala Ghoda Association, which was established in 1988, with the aim of improving the existing infrastructure of the area, and giving it a distinct identity as Mumbai's art district. The Kala Ghoda festival is also a medium for the revival of arts across Mumbai. The entire area is decorated into a pedestrian plaza. Portrait paintings, traditional mehendi, exotic bangles, cuisine and traditional Parsi breakfast are the main attractions of this festival. Folk dancers, musicians and singers entertain the gathering. Timings: 10.00 am to 9.00 pm Cultural show and Cuisine: 5.00 pm onwards. Parsi Breakfast: 10.00 am to 11.00 am Films: 2.00 pm to 4.00 pm Khuldabad Urs Fair Khulabad is a place situated at a distance of 5 km from the Ellora caves and 22 km from Aurangabad on the Aurangabad-Ellora route. This place is also known as the 'valley of saints' because of huge presence of Sufi saints. They were migrated to this place hundreds years back. Khuldabad is a holy shrine for Muslims. It has a tomb built by the last Mughal emperor, Aurangazeb. Khulabad Urs festival, which celebrates here for five days, is a very popular fair that attracts a large number of devotees. Nearest railway station and airport is at Aurangabad. This place is well connected by road as well. Bus and taxi services from Aurangabad to Khuldabad are very good. One can stay at the hotels in Aurangabad. Kiran Utsav Kiran Utsav is one of the popular festivals in India. It is organized at Mahalaxmi Temple of Kolhapur district in Maharashtra on 31st January, 1st February, and 9th, 10th, and 11th November every year. Goddess Laxmi is worshipped during this festival. The Mahalaxmi Temple is elegantly decorated for this festival. Millions of pilgrims throng to
Kolhapur to take part in this festival from all over India. One can witness the amazing architecture of the Mahalaxmi Temple, which had been built in a way that the rays of the setting sun coming through a window touches the Goddess's feet before it vanishes. Kolhapur is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state. Numbers of hotels are available in Kolhapur for accommodation. Nashik Kumbh Mela Kumbh Mela is the most important Hindu spiritual gathering in India that comes once every three years, rotating between four major Hindu pilgrim centers of India - Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nasik. The Maha (Grand) Kumbh is held every 12th year in each of the following four locations. 2007 Maha Kumbh Mela is scheduled to be held at Nashik in Maharastra. In Maharashtra, the festival is held in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik. The Nashik Kumbh Mela is generally considered to be the most sacred of all the festivals. Kumb Mela in Nashik, like other fairs is also a mammoth affair attending by nearly three and a half million pilgrims. Thousands of sadhus and holy men and millions of pilgrims take dip in the holy Ramkund and Kushavarta reservoirs. August 14th and 25th and September 8th and 20th are regarded to be the peak of the festival days. Residential arrangement for Sadhus is made in Tapobhumi called Tapovan on left bank of Godavari river. Nashik being one of the major cities of Maharashtra, the city is well connected by train, road and air with different parts of India. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Nashik. Mount Mary Festival Mount Mary's Festival is celebrated for one week during September at Mount Mary Church, Bandra in the suburbs of Mumbai, Maharashtra. This fair, which is also popularly known as the Bandra fair is celebrated on the occasion of Mother Mary's birthday. Lakhs of people of different religions and communities flock to this place during the festival. Marathi speaking communities of Maharashtra refer Mother Mary as Math Mauli. It is a belief of the local people that Mount Mary fulfils their genuine wishes if prayers are made earnestly and faithfully. It is magnificent to take a look of the Arabian Sea from the site of the church. Mumbai is well connected by road, train and air with any part of India. Accommodations are available at the hotels Bandra as well. Navaratra Mahalaxmi Fair
Navaratra Mahalaxmi Fair is celebrated for ten days from Ashvina Sud.1 to Ashvina Sud. 10 at Navaratra Mahalaxmi Temple of Jalgaon district in Maharashtra. Devotees are mostly from Jalgaon town and nearby villages. Navaratra Mahalaxmi Temple is a storeyed stone building with a Kalash at the top. Brass bars are used instead of walls on all the four sides to allow sufficient light to enter the temple. The back part of Mahalaxmi's throne is plated with silver sheets. There is also a Pindi of Lord Shiva and an image of Ganapati at the back of the Goddess. A three and half inches tall idol of Lord Hanuman is installed at the rear as well. Jalgaon is well connected by rail and road. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Jalgaon. Pune Festival Pune festival is held between August and September during Ganesh Mahotsav. It is the biggest festival of Pune. The festival goes for ten days - starts with the installation of idols of Lord on the first day to immersion of the Lord's idols on the tenth day. Pune festival is mainly emphasized on the celebration of art and culture, song and dance, custom and tradition. It was started as a local event but now has succeeded to attract visitors from across India and abroad. The Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation joining hand with the Union government actively promotes the festival abroad as a major tourist attraction. Classical dance, music recitals, film, drama festival, automobile rallies and traditional sports are held as a part of the festival. Maestros and stalwarts from all over India are invited to perform during the festival. The denizens of Pune and also the visitors from outside enjoy the event with fullest during the celebrations. Modern sport events, shop for exquisite textiles and handicrafts, appetizing cuisine are some of the new additions since past few years. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state. Accommodations are available at the hotels in Pune. Rath Yatra A festival called Janmotsava is celebrated at Sansthan Shri Kalaram Mandir, Panchavati, Nashik every year. The festival, which spans 15 days begin from the first day of Chaitra till Chaitra Purnima. The Janmotsava, which is witnessed by thousands of pilgrims takes place exactly at 12 noon. The main attraction of the festival is the rathyatra that takes place on the second day, in which Shri Ram rath and Garuda rath moves through the Nashik city. The Rathyatra starts at about 4.30 p.m. The Rathyatra is made up of 5 links, 1st is the bullock cart of Sanai / Choughada, followed by the Palkhi of Shri Ramachandra, Pujadhikari, Garudarath (the rath of Lord Hanuman) and finally the Ramrath (the rath of Lord Rama). The pujadhikari walks with the rath all the way it is moving by facing towards the rath with folded hands. He maintains fasting, which starts from day one of the Chaitra to the Rathyatra. Both the raths are pulled by the rath sevakas with using heavy rope. Nashik is well connected by road, air and train with rest of India. Hotels are available in Nashik.
Shrirama Rathotsava Fair Shrirama Rathotsava Mandir, which belongs to the Peshwa period, is located near Jalgaon, Maharashtra. Shrirama Rathotsava Fair is celebrated annually in this temple between October and November months to give a special veneration to the deities. Images of Rama, Laxmana and Sita are carried in a palanquin to the Girna River for a bath on the festival day. The images are then decorated with ornaments and garlands. Although, devotees visiting the temple on the festival days are mostly from Jalgaon and nearby areas, nearly 25,000 people visit the temple during the fair. Appa Maharaj, a devotee built the auditorium and seating room about 70-80 years back with the financial help of his disciples to develop the temple as a shrine. Jalgaon is well connected by train and road. There are number of hotels at Jalgaon for accommodation. Snake Festival Snakes festival is celebrated for 8-10 days at the small town of Battis Shirala, Maharashtra, which is 50 km from Kolhapur. The festival is celebrated on the onset of the monsoons, and it is believed to counter the increased possibility of snakebites during this time. Battis Shirala is a hilly town with thick forests having a wide species of snakes ranging from the deadliest king cobra to the rare species of pythons. Youths get into nearby jungles and persuade snakes out of it a week before the festival. Thousands of tourists including foreign tourists are attracted by the snake show organized during the festival. Nearest airport is at Kolhapur, 50 km away from the Battis Shirala, while nearest railway station is also at Kolhapur. This place is well connected by road as well. Hotels are available at Kolhapur or Sangli. Maharashtra Festivals As Maharashtra is a big state, it is home to many religions. The state also nurtures different traditions with diverse communities. Maharashtrians are fun loving people, so that might be another reason why the state has lots of different festivals. Apart from the main festivals of Eid, Holi, Deewali and other festivals, which are celebrated, all over India, there are other festivals, which are celebrated locally and regionally in Maharashtra. Songs, dance and mouth watering cuisines accompany almost every festivals. Ganesh Chaturthi is the most important festival in Maharashtra. It is celebrated for ten days with huge fun fare. Banganga Festival, Kalidas Festival, Ellora Festival and Elephanta Festival are the festivals organized by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation. Classical music and dance are the main attractions of these festivals. Kojagiri Poornima or Ashwin Poornima, Ganga Dashahara, Banganga Festival, Nag Panchami,
Wat Pournima, Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti and Palkhi Festival are some of the important festivals of Maharashtra. Banganga Festival Banganga Festival held every year in the city of Mumbai is a musical tribute to Lord Ram. The aim behind the celebration of this musical carnival is to protect the existing rich heritage. According to the legend Lord Ram had stayed here for some time on his return from Lanka after winning over Ravan. The natives were probably Shaivites and worshiped Shivalinga (Phallus stone). When Ram happened to visit the place locals asked him for water to perform bath ritual for Shivalinga. Lord Ram shot an arrow (Bana) and water profuse from holy Ganges itself. The major attraction is ringing bells of temple along with praising songs for God. The whole affair gives nostalgia. These songs composed by unknown poets through the ages have become part of local culture and are integral part of temple rituals performed everyday. „The same heritage should be protected? is the idea behind the organizing the Banganga Festival. The main organizer Indian Heritage Society Mumbai and MTDC want to foster the thought of protection of heritage among people. This two-day musical carnival enlivens the city of Mumbai. The city comes into its true spirit and versatility. People visit temples varying from different class and caste. Volunteers to offer glittering look decorate Temples all over the city. Music, chants, and praising songs of God become popular in these two days. Though started in the year 1992, the festival in these two days makes Mumbai more attractive to tourists. Bhaubeej Bhaubeej is brother-sister occasion celebrated on the fifth day of Deewali. Basundi poori or shrikhand poori are prepared for this occasion. Dhanatrayodashi, Narakchaturdashi, Amavasya (Laxmi Pujan), Balipratipada and Yamadvitiya (Bhaubeej) are the five days, which comprise Diwali. Every day has peculiar religious significance in Maharashtra. Bahubeej is celebrated on the last day. Brothers are regarded as the protectors of the sisters in Hindu religion. Sisters invite their brothers for a meal on Bhaubeej in Maharashtra. The sisters perform aarti and pray to the Lord for the welfare of their brothers. Brothers in return present gifts to sisters. For those who doesn't have brother perform a puja to the Moon-God. Elephanta Festival Elephanta Festival is another festival for dance and music organised by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC). It is organised in the month of February. Renowned dancers and musicians perform outside the caves of Elephanta under the starry sky in front of the selected and appreciative audience. Special launch services and catering arrangements are also provided for visitors.
A boat ride from the Gateway of India in Mumbai to the Elephanta Islands is also included as a part of the festival. Elephanta is just one-and-a-half hours drive away from Mumbai. The island was once known as Puri or Gharapuri. Portuguese found a monolithic stone elephant at this place so as named derived 'Elephanta'. Ellora Festival Ellora festival is the festival of classical dance and music organised under the backdrop of the Ellora caves. This festival, which is organised by Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) in the month of March showcases the best talents from across the country in the field of classical music and dance. Experiencing such a magnificent performance on the backdrop of the 1,400-year old caves and rock carvings would be a lifetime experience. Ellora caves displays the sculptural and architectural splendours. The Kailasa Temple, which is an asset to not only to the state of Maharashtra but also to India because of its sculptured expertise is at Ellora caves. This temple is carved out of one huge rock, is one of the most beautiful backdrops for an event such as this. Ganesh Chaturthi Lord Ganesh is the most respected God in Maharashtra, so as the Ganesh Chaturthi, most important festival. The festival falls on the 4th day of the bright fortnight of Bhadrapada (August September). People buy Ganesh images to keep in their houses as a divine guest for five to ten days. The image is then taken out ceremoniously and immerse to the river, sea or well. It is called Visarjan. Keeping the idol after this day is considered inauspicious. Puja can be simply performed with family members within the household or by a priest. Modak is special cuisine for Ganesh Chaturthi celebrations. Aarti is performed morning and evening (dusk, or at the hour when artificial lamps are lighted in the house) a long as the Ganesh idol is at home. Huge Ganesh idols are worshipped at nicely decorated pandals, also known as Dekhavas for 8 to 10 days. These Dekhavas are organized by the Mandals, worked collectively for the entire locality. Various Mandals shouting the slogans of Ganpati Bapa Morya take out huge processions during the first day and the day of immersion of the idols throughout the city. People from the city and nearby towns, districts throng to witness the Ganesh festival celebrations. Huge money in terms of crores is spent on decorations of the pandals. Ganga Dussehra River Ganga is known as Tripathaga, or the 'Three Path River', as it is believed that the river flows in three worlds in heaven it is called Mandakini, on earth the Ganges (or Ganga), and in the nether region the Bhagirathi. It is believed that King Bhagirath after performing terrible severity brought Ganga to earth. On the tenth day of the bright half of Jyeshth, Mother Ganga began to flow from heaven to the entwined hair of Shiva. So, from the hair of Shankar, she began to flow to earth.
It is a belief of the Hindu religion that bathing in the Ganga washes sins away. So, the first ten days of the month Jyeshth (May-June), which is known as Dashahara, are dedicated to honour the river Ganges. Jiviti Puja Married Maharashtrian women perform Jivti Puja on any one of the Fridays in the month of Shravan (July-August). Jivti is an incarnation of Parvati, a goddess who is believed to protect children. Female members from the parental Maharashtrian women invite them for lunch at home. Various sweets and delicacies, puran poli are the must-serve at meals. Roasted chana (chickpeas) mixed with milk and sugar is served to married women along with the traditional offering of haldi and kumkum in the evening after the puja. It is a tradition that married Maharashtrian women personally apply haldi at the base and kumkum in the centre of the forehead of other women on every auspicious occasion. This gesture is not applicable to widows, divorcees and unmarried women. This tradition is typically Maharashtrian. Kalidas Festival Kalidas Festival is organised in the honour of the great poet Kalidas. This festival is held at Ramtek, Nagpur in the month of November for two days. Ramgiri, or Ramtek is the place that inspired Kalidas, and the beauty of this place is mentioned predominantly in his literary work. The festival brings back memories of the golden period of the Vidarbha region. Kalidas was a great Sanskrit poet and dramatist. Historical drama, Shakuntalam, and the epic poem, Meghdoot were his famous works that would ever remain as the finest masterpiece in terms of human literature. Some finest performances of music, dance and drama are performed during this festival on the backdrop of picturesque setting of Ramtek, celebrating its glorious cultural heritage. Kojagiri Poornima Kojagiri Poornima or Ashwin Poornima is celebrated on the full moon day of Ashwin (SeptemberOctober). As the rainy season passes, the sky becomes clear and the moon shines in the sky with full brightness. So, it is the celebration of this occasion, which is very traditional. It is also known as the Kaumudi, meaning moonlight. Goddess Laxmi is worshipped on this day. People keep awake the whole night singing songs or other entertaining things. Because Maharashtrians believe that Goddess Laxmi moves around from place to place asking, 'Who is awake?' (Kojagarti?). She shows her on those she finds awake. People take only fluids like coconut water and milk. Milk masala, a readymade combination of dry fruits and milk is taken on the day. Maharashtra Day-Maharashtra attained statehood on 1st May 1960. So, the day is organized as Maharashtra Day in Maharashtra. The state government organizes the main function
in Mumbai. Maharashtra Day is held at Shivaji Park in central Mumbai. The governor of the state takes the salute at the ceremonial parade, comprising members of the state reserve police force, Brihanmumbai Commando Force, home guards, civil defence, fire brigade and city police. Nag Panchami Cobra has a special significance in Hindu mythology. Nag Panchami is celebrated to worship snakes. It is a festival in the honour of the Snake God, Shesha Nag. People worship snakes by offering milk and Puja. Snakes are worshipped since Vedic eras as they protect crops from getting damaged by rats and other rodents. Snakes are also a part of the Puranas, they took part in 'Sagar Manthan', and is also worn by Lord Shiva around his neck. Nag Panchami is celebrated in the month of Shravan (July-August) according to the Hindu calendar. The victory of Krishna over the Kaliya snake is also remembered on this day. For this reason, Krishna is known as 'Kaliya Mardan'. The festival celebrates during the rainy months. It is believed that the festival is to counter the increased possibility of snakebite during this time. People visit temples specially dedicated to snakes. Shiva temples are also crowded during this festival, as snakes are considered dear to him. Narali Purnima Narali Poornima marks the end of monsoon season in Maharashtra. It is celebrated on the full moon day of the month of Shravan. People offer coconuts to the sea. The festival also marks the beginning of the new fishing season. So, fishermen appease the sea-god before sailing out over the mighty sea. They worship for a safe fishing. Singing and dancing are the main attraction of the festival. Sweet coconut rice is prepared for the day. Narali Pournima, Shravani Pournima, Rakhi Pournima or Raksha Bandhan are the various names given to this festival. Naral means coconut and coconut is offered to the sea, so it is called the naral poornima. Palkhi Festival Palki festival showcases the distinctive feature of the Maharashtrian culture. This is a 1000-year-old tradition, which has been following by the warkaris (people who follow the wari, a fundamental ritual). People perform collective singing, dancing, chanting (Dnyanba-Tukaram in what are called as Dindis or organised group of warkaris) to the holy town of Pandharpur in Hindu months of Ashadh (June-July) and Karthik (November-December). Palkhi Festival, which lasts for 22 days, starts in the month of Jyeshth (June). Every year on the eleventh day of the first half of the month of Ashadh, the Palkhi reaches Pandharpur. Every saint, right from Sant Jyaneshwar to Sant Tukaram was following the wari tradition. It was in the year 1685 that Tukaram's youngest son, Narayan Baba wished to bring some change in the dindi-wari tradition by introducing the Palkhi, which is a sign of social respect.
Pola Festival Maharashtra is a vast state so as its agricultural land. Bullocks were used for agriculture in olden days and other works. So, they are one of the most helpful animals to human being. Maharashtrian farmers show their appreciation to bullocks for all the help on the day of Pola. Bulls are washed and decorated for a nice look. The farmers offer them worship and provide special food on the day. They are then taken out to a procession across the village, accompanied by the music of drumbeats and lezhim (a musical instrument made of a wooden rod and an iron chain full of metallic pieces). Pola is the special facet for the Hindu culture that marks respect to cattle. Shivaji Jayanti Shivaji Maharaj was the greatest ruler of Maharashtra. So, Maharashtrians have a great regard for this Maratha ruler. To give a respect, the birthday of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is celebrated on huge scale on February 19th every year. He was born on this day at the Shivneri fort in the year 1630. He is known as the creator of the Maratha nation. Shivaji had great mind of constructive genius of medieval India. Time may change, empires may go and dynasties may become faded, but the greatness of Shivaji is alive in the minds of Maharashtrian in particular and in the minds of every India in general. His dazzling victories and ever-ready smile made him the idol of his soldiers. Vat Pournima Wat Pournima is the festival for Maharashtrian women, which is celebrated in the month of Jesht (May-June). Women observe a fast and tie threads around a banyan tree and pray for the same husband in every birth. The celebration derived from the story of Savitri and Satyavan. It has been foretold that Satyavan won't live long. Resting on the lap of Savitri, Satyavan was waiting for death under a banyan tree, when the day of death comes. The messenger of Yama, the God of death came to take Satyavan. But Savitri refused to give her beloved husband. Messenger after messenger tried to take Satyavan away, but in vain. Finally, Yama himself appeared in front of Savitri and insisted to give her husband. Since, she was still adamant, he offered her a boon. She asked for the well being of her in-laws. He granted it to her. She then followed him as he took Satyavan's body away. He offered her another boon. She now asked for the well being of her parents. This boon, too, was granted. But she was relentless, and continued to follow him. As they approached Yama's abode, he offered her a final boon. She asked for a son. He granted it. She then asked him how it would be possible for her to beget sons without her husband. Yama was trapped and had to return her husband.
Maharashtra Beaches
Having a coastline of 330 miles (530 km) along the Arabian Sea, Maharashtra owns variety of beaches. One can find not only crowded and posh beaches like Juhu and Marine Drive Chowpatty beaches but also earthy and sleepy beaches like Harnai and Bassein, which are a bit slow but provide a peaceful and pollution-free environment. There are beaches for adventure lovers as well like Velneshwar and Shriwardhan-Harihareshwar. In Vijaydurg-Sindhudurg and Dahanu-Bordi beaches, one may went down to the memory lanes of the history. Here, one can discover the remains of ruined forts and even the existence of Portuguese culture in these areas. Murud-Janjira, Dahanu-Bordi and Shriwardhan-Harihareshwar are the beaches, which can enjoy both the sizzles of a typical beach as well as a pilgrimage site. Bassein Beach Bassein is in the peaceful location, which is 77 km away from Mumbai. It is closely similar with the India's sultry beach state of Goa. But here, crowd is a bit less and those who wish to enjoy peaceful environment must visit Basssein. This is quite of a historic place. One can see ruined forts that were built by the Portuguese inside dense forests of brushwood and palm grooves. Locals serve delicious Portuguese cuisines as well. One can also see Buddhist relics at Nalasopara, which is 10 km from Bassein. Vajreshwari Temple, Akloli hot springs, Sadguru Nityanand Maharaj Samadhi Mandir at Ganeshpuri, Bhimeshwar Temple and other ashrams are also worth to visit. There are quite a few churches of Portuguese times as well in Bassein. The nearest airport is in Mumbai, while the nearest railway station is at Bassein Road. It is well connected by road as well. Dahanu Bordi Beach Not only for its extensive and tidy beach, Dahanu is also known for its vast chikoo fruit orchids. Dahanu is 145 km away from Mumbai that comes under Thane district of Maharashtra. And Thane district is again known for its 17 km long sea line that stretches from Dahanu to Bordi. Bordi is half-hours drive away from Dahanu. Here, one can find endless beaches, which are very safe and beautiful. Although, it is quite warm during summer, the gentle breeze cools down the entire beach. Mecca of the Zoroastrians is a place, which is very popular amongst tourists as there is a magnificent temple, which houses the sacred fire of the Zoroastrians. It is believed that this fire has
been kept alive for almost a thousand years. The existence of Iranian and Persian culture further makes this place more exotic.
Ganpatipule Beach The waters of Ganapatipule are crystal clear and pristine. The entire stretch of beach is covered with fresh greeneries. The roadside sceneries on the way to Ganapatipule are captivating with narrow roads, red soil, roofed houses, clean courtyards, innumerable fruit bearing trees and casuarinas lining. Ganapatipule is regarded as one of the most important beaches of Maharashtra. It is 375 km south of Mumbai. Fine, sifted, silver sands, a gentle lapping sea, which soothes frayed nerves, attracts large number of tourists are the features of this beautiful beach. It is regarded as a beautiful seaside resort, especially for families in Maharashtra. One can see a glimpse of the entire beach, which is covered with white sand and blue waters from the top of the hill. Ganapatipule is also known as a pilgrimage site for its 400-year-old temple of Swayambhu Ganpati (naturally formed monolithic Ganesh). Malgund and Ratnagiri are other attractions, which are worth to be visited near this beach. Ratnagiri is the nearest airport, while nearest railway station is at Kolhapur. Ganapatipule is well connected by road with all the places in Maharashtra. Government resort offers a wide range of facilities including dormitories and A.C suites. Tents and water sport facilities are also available over here. Harnai Beach Harnai is about 200 km away from Mumbai. Despite its quietness, it is emerging fast as a tourist destination as visitors from Pune and Mumbai are frequently visited this place to celebrate the weekends. Harnai fort is also a main tourist attraction of the area. South of Harnai fort is the palm-fringed beach of Murud, famous for its clean white sands and safe waters. Panhale Kazi, the famous rockcut monument is 30 km from Murud-Harnai. Nearest airport is at Mumbai, which is 200 km away from Harnai, while nearest railway station is at Satara, which is 154 km away. Maharashtra government buses run from Mumbai, Pune and Mahad to Murud-Harnai. Accommodation is available at the beach resorts in Harnai. Juhu Beach Juhu is one of the most popular and posh beaches of India. This fizzing beach on the shores of Arabian Sea is the place where one can find the bungalows of Bollywood stars. This is also a favourite site for film shootings. Luxury hotels and apartments, which are on the southern end of the Juhu beach are regarded as favourite haunts for movers and shakers of Mumbai.
Mandwa Kihim Kihim and Mandawa is nearly 10 km away from Mumbai. Kihim has dense coconut trees that give a pollution free green environment. This is a place for the nature lovers who want to spend some time with the beauty of the nature. The jungle of Kihim has varieties of rare flowers, butterflies and birds. One can also enjoy perfect tent stay and a wonderful surfing. On the other hand, Mandwa captures the visitor's heart with its overwhelming serene atmosphere. Kihim beach is just a few kilometers from Mandawa. It is an ideal place to spend sometime away from the crowd and pollution. Tourists can also visit Kolaba Fort, which is a few miles away from the shore. One can see Portuguese ruins, Buddhist caves, the Hamam Khana, a church, a temple and a synagogue. Madh Island Even though Madh Island is quite a rural sort, but it is quite enjoyable to walk down along the villages of fishermen. This can at least give some peace of mind to the hurried and exhausted life. It is known as the place where one can throw parties for the friends. Despite the sea current are treacherous for swimming and unpicturesque beaches, tourists come here to enjoy the adventurous way of life. As it is located so near to Mumbai, there is no problem for transport and accommodation. Marine Drive Marine Drive is the place where Mumbaites hang out to cool down a while from the steamy hurried and busied life. The cool breeze and the calmness of the sea cool down the exhausted lot. Marine Drive was built in 1920s and 1930s on land reclaimed from the sea. It is located at the heart of Mumbai. As street lamps orderly line up on the edge of the beach, it is also known as Queen's Necklace. It has recently named Netaji Subhashchandra Bose Road. Chowpatty Beach is at the top end of the Marine Drive. Several Hindu religious ceremonies are taking place at Chowpatty like annual thread-tying ceremony, nariel-purnima and Ganesh Chaturthi immersions. Stalls on the beach, selling Bhelpuri, Kulfi and Paan make the chowpatty zesty. Nana-Nani Park for elderly people has just opened recently near the beach. Mumbai has excellent transport and accommodation facilities. Marve Manori Gorai Marve, also known as Borivali is a village very close to Mumbai. Now this place has become quite industrialized, but its beauty remains the same. One can witness the remains of colonial time in Marve. Watching sunsets and sunrises is really appealing here. Manori is famous for all night beach parties. Visitors prefer to visit the beach on moonlight nights. So, on these days, this beach is very crowded. Village folks serve food and let their houses on
rents to tourists.
Murud Janjira Murud-Janjira is located near Alibagh, which is the headquarter of Raigad district. It is one of the most popular and alluring beaches of Maharashtra. The green palm trees add a lot to the beauty and freshness of the beach. Kashid and Nandgaon beaches too are near from Murud. All these beaches, which were not that popular till some time back are fast emerging as favourite destinations for water enthusiasts and tent holidays. Weather is warm and humid here, but the sea breeze cools down the environment making the beach a perfect destination for tranquil holidays. There is also a 300-year old fort having marvelous architectural designs. Nawab's palace and Janjira caves are the favourite spots for tourists. There is also a shrine of Lord Dattatreya on the top of the hill. Nearest airport is at Mumbai, while Roha on the Konkan Railway is the nearest railway station. Government resorts are available for accommodation or one can also opt for the hotels at Mumbai. Shriwardhan Harihareshwar Shriwardhan is the place for seafood lovers and adventure buffs. Tourists can enjoy different varieties of seafood in this beach. Adventure lovers can go out with a small boat to explore the place where Peshwas were originally resided. This place is known for its gentle winds, soft sands and inviting waters. The tranquil and picturesque beach is the speciality, which Harihareshwar is known for. This place has famous Kalbhairav Shiva Temple. Peshwa Smarak and Bankot Fort at Bagmandala is only about 4 km away from here. Shriwardhan - Harihareshwar is nearly 200 km away from Mumbai. The nearest Mumbai-Goa highway point is about 60 km at Goregaon, which is about 170 km from Mumbai. The nearest airport is at Mumbai, while the nearest railway station is at Mangaon. State road service operates buses regularly to this place. Tourists can stay at the government resorts located near the beach. Tarkarli Beach Takarali beach is known for is clearness of water. One can sometimes see the seabed unto a depth of 20 ft. If we look the beach panoramically, one can see the serene beauty with shuru trees and wide Karli River at the background. The beautiful sailboats and the tiny magnificent islands make the beach more delightful.
Tarkarli is situated 6 km south of Malvan and 546 km from Mumbai on the west coast of India. This place has gained prominence because of its long and narrow stretch of beach with pristine waters. Sindhudurg, one of Maharashtra's most popular and important sea fort and Padmagarh fort are near Tarkarli. Sindhudurg fort was built in 17th century.
Velneshwar Beach Velneshwar is an ideal beach for swimming and sunbathing. The green coconut palm grooves and rock free seawater make the beach so beautiful and attractive. Despite, Velneshwar is a small village, which is in the north of Shastri River, this beach is quite famous. Water sports are the frequent activities, which are carried out here. There is also an old Shiva Temple, which is frequently visited by tourists and pilgrims. Nearest railway station is at Chiplun, while tourists can travel by road from Mumbai via Chiplun and Guhagar, which is 370 km. One can stay at the government resort, located near the beach. Vengurla Malvan Beach Vengurla is famous for its long stretch of iridescent sand, lined up with thick cashew, coconut, jackfruit and mango groves. Vengurla rocks or Burnt Islands is so near to this beach. Malvan has now become a part of the mainland. This area is thickly covered with palm trees. This place is famous for the temples of Shri Devi Sateri Temple and Rameshwar Temple as well. Malvan was once an important center for trade, which was twice destroyed by the attacks between 1664-1812. There are two old forts at nearby Sindhudurg and Padmagad in the township of Malvan. It is believed that an underground tunnel links the two forts. Vengurala is 514 km away from Mumbai and 200 km from Ratnagiri. Kolhapur is the nearest railhead, while tourists can also access this place through Ratnagiri, which is well connected by road. Tourists can stay in government resorts near the beach. Vijaydurg Sindhudurg The great Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji used Vijaydurg - Sindhudurg as naval base during his reign. So this place has lots of historical sites to see apart from the picturesque beaches. The most important of all is the Vijayadurg fort built by Shivaji in the 17th century. Sindhudurg has temples dedicated to Bhavani, Mahadeo, Jarimai, Mahapurush and Shivaji spreading over 48 acres. Nearest railway station is Kolhapur, while Sindhudurg is well connected by road as well. It is 510 km, and Vijaydurg is 425 km from Mumbai via the Goa highway.
Maharashtra Monuments
Maharashtra has a long history that had in turn contributed a lot in the overall history of India. Maharashtra witnessed different eras and dynasties. These all make Maharashtra - a state of historic and magnificent monuments. Different schools of art and architecture can be seen in these monuments. The Gateway of India in Mumbai is one of the most famous monuments in India. It is regarded to be the starting point for most tourists who want to see Mumbai. Anybody who wishes to see the Mughal touch can see the Chand Minar in Daulatabad. The Maharajah's New Palace in Kolahapur has a museum called Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum. The architecture of the palace is a combination of Jain and Hindu influences from Gujarat and Rajasthan, and local Rajwada style. Agakhan Palace is hugely popular and significant monument of Maharshtra, as it is associated with the life and works of Mahatma Gandhi. Khuldabad, Kesari Wada, Lal Mahal, Raste Wada, Shaniwar Wada and Vishrambag Wada are other popular historical monuments of Maharashtra. Aga Khan Palace Agakhan Palace is situated 2 km away from Bund Garden in Yerwada on Pune-Nagar Road. Hugely popular for its historic importance, it is made with Italian arches and spacious lawns. Mahatma Gandhi, Kasturba Gandhi, Shri Mahadeobhai Desai, Dr. Sarojini Naidu and others were kept under imprisonment in the Agakhan Palace during 1942- Quit India movement. Shri Mahadeobhai Desai and Kasturba Gandhi breathed their last breath in this Palace. Marble memorials of these two great leaders are there. Agakhan Palace is known for its architectural excellence. Spreading on a 19-acre land, the picturesque beauty of the palace captivates the eye of every onlooker; with its magnificent structure. Mahatma Gandhi's items like his bed, writing desk, Kasturba's saree and other clothes; her Chappals (slippers) are maintained properly at their place. Prince Agakhan donated this palace to Gandhi Smarak Samittee in 1972. Maintenance of parks and gardens are responsible for the committee since then. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with all the important places within and beyond the state. Chand Minar
Chand Minar is at Daulatabad. It was built in the Turkish style in 1435 by Ala-ud-din Bahmani to celebrate his occupation of the fort. This minaret is an outstanding example of Islamic art. This 30-metre high tower is divided into four storeys. It has 24 chambers and a small mosque at its base. It is covered with the Persian blue tiles that make the Chand Minar outstanding. Path passes bastions; studded gates, a drawbridge and the Chini Mahal, where Abdul Hasan Tana Shah, the last King of Golconda, was imprisoned in 1687 for 13 years are the important attractions of the tomb. There is also a 6.6m long 'Kila Shikan' (Fort Breaker) iron cannon on the bastion.
Gateway of India Gateway of India is regarded to be the starting point for most tourists who want to travel around the Mumbai city. This monument was built to commemorate the visit of the first ever British Monarch, King George V and Queen Mary in 1911. This 26m-high structure has four turrets and intricate latticework carved into the yellow basalt stone. There are steps leading down to the water behind the arch. There are short cruises on the motor launches from here. This structure is known to be the pride of Mumbai. Mumbaites, as well as the foreign tourists come down to this place in the evening and take a cool rest from day's exhausting work schedules. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state. Kesari Wada Kesari Wada is located at Narayan Peth in Pune, Maharashtra. Gaikwads built the monument. It is very significant in terms of history. Prince of Baroda, Sayajirao Gaikwad used to live in this palace. Now the structure of the palace had been pulled down to renovate. Nightlong discussions were going in this building to overthrow colonial rule during the freedom struggle. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, the Kesari, in Marathi and Maratha in English from Kesari Wada. The Wada still has the offices of Kesari, and mementos of Tilak, including his writing desk original letters and documents, and the first India national flag unfurled by Madame Cama. During Ganapati festival, the Wada is visited by a large number of people.
Khuldabad Also known as 'Valley of Saints', Khuldabad is located at distance of about 3 km from Ellora. A large scale Sufi had been migrated to Khuldabad in 14th century, as several Sufi saints of the Chishti ordered to reside Khuldabad (Abode of Eternity). There is the Dargah, or tomb of Moinuddin Chishti, the spiritual guide of the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb, within this sacred complex. Aurangazeb's tomb is also there near
the tomb. This simple tomb remains as an eloquent evidence to the staunch faith and Spartan lifestyle of this pious Muslim ruler. The tomb was constructed only with the few rupees he had earned by stitching cloth caps. "No marble sheets should shield me from the sky as I lie there one with the earth" is the line, which is inscribed on his gravestone elegantly in Persian calligraphy.
Lal Mahal Lal Mahal is a red brick building situated at Pune. Shivaji spent here most of his childhood. There are statues of "Jijamata" (Shivaji's Mother) and a structure showing young Shivaji plowing with a golden plough, with mother Jijabai and Guru Dadoji Konddev looking at him. There are also four umbrellas on the terrace, which is the prime attraction of the Mahal. This is the place where Shivaji Maharaj cut Shaistekhan's fingers when he tried to escape away from one of the windows of the Lal Mahal. Incidents from Shivaji Maharaja's life are pictorially represented on the walls of this palace. There is also a garden dedicated to Jijamata, known as Jijamata Garden. Pune Municipal Corporation had renovated the Lal Mahal in the year 1988. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with important places within and beyond the state. New Palace New Palace is located in Kolhapur. Built in 1884, it is also known as the Maharaja's New Place. Major Mant designed the palace. The architecture of the palace is a combination of Jain and Hindu influences from Gujarat and Rajasthan, and local Rajwada style. The first floor is for the present Maharaja, while the ground floor is dedicated to a fine collection of costumes, weapons, games, jewellery, embroidery and paraphernalia such as silver elephant saddles. A letter from the British Viceroy and Governor General of India is the other memorabilia. There is a museum called Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum at New Palace. Curious and interesting collections from the possessions of Maharaja Shahaji Chhatrapati like guns, trophies and clothes are preserved here. The museum also has large, excellent weapons collection, including a gold-plated, double-barreled shotgun, some swords, and other guns. There is also one of Aurangzeb's swords at the Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum. Closed on: Mondays Visiting Hours: 9.30am to 1.00pm and 2.30 to 6.00pm Raste Wada Raste Wada is located in Pune. Raste Wada is regarded to be one of the largest wadas, which stands surrounded by a jungle of multi storeyed buildings. During the reign of Madhavrao Peshwa, Anandrao Bhikaji Raste built the massive core of the Wada. In building the Wada, Rs.9 lakh had
been spent. There is also a stable to house Raste's cavalry retinue. At present these cloisters have been either ravaged by time or late out to tenants. The 'Diwankhana' has a municipal school now. It was once a separate building. Sealed-up fountains, and covered chandeliers stand as steeled voices from the past. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state. For local transportation taxis, city buses and auto rickshaws are available.
Shaniwar Wada Shaniwar Wada is a royal residence built by the second Peshwa, Bajirao-I Shaniwar Wada, which is located in Pune. Construction of Shaniwar Wada began on 10th of January 1730. It is said that Bajirao Peshwa-I laid the foundation by collecting handful of mud from the nearby Lal Mahal. Shaniwar Wada today is left with only with an imposing outer wall. It is visible that the ruins can translate the glory of the Maratha power. The doors of the palace are so strong that it had been designed to dissuade huge enemy attacks. Only the fortification walls with five gateways, and nine bastions that enclosed the whole complex, elaborate foundations of the original palace and the Nagarkhana with its fine wooden pillars and latticework are left of the palace. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state.
Vishrambag Wada Vishrambag Wada is on Bajirao Road, Pune in Maharashtra. Bajirao II built this monument. This structure is famous for its fine entrance and the balcony with carved woodwork. Vishrambag Wada is a three-storeyed mansion. The palace is 260ftX815ft in area. Vishrambag Wada symbolizes the tales of Pune's rich culture and heritage. It took long 6 years to complete this building. Babasaheb Purandare took the responsibility of converting the inner courts and the hall of Vishrambag Wada into their original form. This place was once a garden, and derived its name from its gardener called Vishram. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with major cities in India.
Maharashtra Museums
Maharashtra has as many as around 13 famous Museums, which preserve different types of antique items and works of art. Having a look at the Tribal Museum in Pune would enable the visitors why the tribal life is unique and colourful. A visit at the Coin Museum in Nashik offers a vast idea of Indian coinage from the earliest period to the modern times with the help of coins, moulds, dyes, replicas, photographs, and brief write-ups. Prince of Wales Museum in Mumabi offers items of natural history, Indian miniature painting, decorative art and Tibetan and Nepali art, European painting, armoury and textile galleries. It is like experiencing a bunch of 5,000 years of Indian art. The Jehangir Art Gallery, Mani Bhavan Mahatma Gandhi Museum, National Maritime Museum, Taraporewala Aquarium and the Veermata Jeejamata Museum are all located in Mumbai. Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum, Tribal Museum and Museum of Arthropoda in Pune and Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum in Kolhapur are the other famous museums of Maharashtra. Coin Museum
Coin Museum is in Nasik, Maharashtra. The museum has a fine collection of research and well-documented history of Indian currencies. Coin Museum was established in 1980 under the Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies. This museum is the only museum of its kind in Asia. The environment of the museum is so cool, as it is located in the backdrop of the enthralling Ajneri Hill of Nashik. The museum was established to impart a general idea about Indian coins to the common people. Coin museum gives a vast idea of the Indian coinage from the earliest period to the modern times with the help of coins, moulds, dyes, replicas, photographs, and brief write-ups. Apart from casting and machine striking, the museum also exhibits dioramas of depicting coin minting and coin manufacturing techniques. Numismatic material and some bronze, terracotta's, copper-hoard objects, paintings and some other historical artifacts are also displayed. Visiting Hours: 9.30 am to 1.00 pm and 2.00 pm to 5.30 pm Closed on:Sundays and Holidays Entry: Free Jehangir Art Gallery Jehangir Art Gallery is located at Kala Ghoda locality of Mumbai, Maharashtra. Constructed in 1952, this art gallery is the most prestigious and modern venue for Indian artistes in the city. There are four exhibition halls to exhibit the work of art here. There is huge rush of artistes in this gallery to show one's works. Many of the artistes have to wait a couple of years to exhibit their works in this gallery. The gallery has a huge media attention and coverage. Donated by Cawasji Jehangir, Jehangir Art Galleryis it is managed by the Bombay Art Society. The building of the gallery is an enormous beautiful mansion. Jehangir Art Gallery is one of the Mumbai's well-known art galleries. Visiting Hours: 11.00 am to 7.00 pm Open: On all Days Entry: Free Mani Bhavan Mani Bhavan Mahatma Gandhi Museum is located on Laburnam Road, Mumbai in Maharashtra. Its location is near the August Kranti Maidan, where 'Quit India' movement was launched in 1942. Gandhian literature, photographic exhibits, framed letters and 3-D tableaux of key events in Gandhi's life are displayed here. The home of the diamond merchant and the Indian National
Congress supporter Revashankar Jhaveri has been turned into a museum. It is the house where Mahatma Gandhi stayed during his frequent visits to Mumbai between 1917 and 1934. Gandhi's room and belongings including his books, his trademark 'Charkha' (spinning wheel) and 'Charpoy' (rope bed) are displayed here. It is place, where Gandhi first learned how to use the spinning wheel. There is also a library of Gandhian literature and books read by Gandhi, which includes lots of Tolstoy and Shakespeare and a well-thumbed copy of 'Les Miserables'. Visiting Hours: 9.30 am - 6.00 pm Closed on: National holidays Photography: Allowed National Maritime Museum National Maritime Museum is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The museum preserves the historical treasures of India obtained from other countries and models of ships built in Mumbai. The Indian Navy set up the museum for this purpose. Mumbai port is one of the busiest ports of India, handling approximately 40% of India's maritime trade. British developed this natural harbour port. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with any part of India.
Prince of Wales MuseumPrince of Wales Museum is in Mumbai. The museum was named after Prince George (later George V) who visited India in 1905 and laid the foundation stone of the building. But it was opened in 1923 by Lady Lloyd, the wife of Sir George Lloyd, then governor Prince of Wales Museum has been designed in the Indo-Saracenic style with yellow and blue stones. It has been planned so simple that there is a central hall from which the staircase leads to the two upper floors with galleries branching out on the right and left. Different sections like natural history section, Indian miniature painting, decorative art and Tibetan and Nepali art, European painting, armoury and textile galleries are splitting off left and right in the two floors. Superb works from 19th century Pahari School of Painting, Mughal paintings, Nepalese & Tibetan Art, Deccan School of Paintings are worth to be mentioned. This museum is a treasure trove of various arts. There are lots of things to be seen. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road. Visiting Hours: 10.15 am to 6.00 pm Closed On: Mondays
Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum is in Pune, Maharashtra. The museum has nearly around 20,000 collections of objects paintings, handicrafts, armour-suits, musical instruments and many other objects of art and artifacts collected from all over the world. The building has been designed in a Rajasthani-style, but the galleries give a clear depiction of the life and culture of the Marathas. Dinkar Kelkar spent almost 60 years traveling and purchasing objects from the remote areas and towns of India. Dividing into 36 sections, the collections are confined mostly to everyday life like pots, lamps, containers, nutcrackers, pen stands. 'Mastani Mahal' is regarded to be the masterpiece to this museum, which was erected here in its original form. Articles belonging to Mughal and Maratha periods that dates back to 17th century are displayed at Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum. Musical instruments, metalwork, exquisite chitrakathi paintings and a unique lock collection are the other attractions of the museum. Timings: 8.30 am-6.00 pm Closed On: Government Holidays Viewing Time: Half an hour Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum is at New Palace in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Curious and interesting collections from the possessions of Maharaja Shahaji Chhatrapati like guns, trophies and clothes are preserved here. The Maharaja was died recently died in 1983. British architect Charles Mant designed the New Palace in 1881 in the Indo-Sarcenic style. The museum also has large, excellent weapons collection, including a gold-plated, double-barreled shotgun, some swords, and other guns. There is also one of Aurangzeb's swords at the Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum.
Shri Bhavani Museum Shri Bhavani Museum in Aundh, which is 48 km from Satara in Maharashtra. The museum has 500 miniature paintings of all major schools - Jaipur, Kangra, Mughal, Punjab, Bijapur, Pahadi and Maratha of the period between 15th and 19th century. Shri Bhavani Museum is probably the only museum in India, which has such a large collection. Built by the Raja of Aundh, late Bhawanrao Pantpratinidhi in 1938, it is now looked after by the State Government and is the only museum out of the 13 state museums in Maharashtra. The Museum exhibits mainly the work of Bhawanrao done in his lifetime. Shri Bhavani Museum also
has the famous stone created structure of 'Mother and Child' by Henry Moore. It was last exhibited in Delhi 10 years ago. Shri Bhavani Museum has a large section dedicated to stone created structures including the famous 'Mother and Child' by Henry Moore. The museum has four sections entirely devoted to Western paintings that includes Madonna of the Book by Andrea Del Sarto; a Rembrandt selfportrait, In The Prison Of Aurangzeb by A.H. Muller, Beggar Boy by Bartona Morilla, Franciso by L. Goya, Boy Volunteer by G.G. Hierice, Game of Draughts by F. Morelli, Pairs by Cornil and many more. Nearest railway station is at Satara Road. Timings: 10.00 am to 1.00 pm and 2.00 pm to 5.00 pm Closed On: Mondays Taraporewala Aquarium Taraporewala Aquarium is at congested locality of Marine Drive in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has marine life and rare species of fishes and exquisite pearl jewellery. The aquarium has plans to renovate shortly into a high-tech Aquarium with special attractions like glass vision seaworld and an underwater sea walk. The first President of free India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad formally opened it in 1951. The Aquarium has sea life like shark, octopus, kite fish, corals, worms, sea flower, sea horses, pearls and shells. Articles crafted from shells and pearls are also displayed here. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with major cities of India. Closed On: Mondays Tribal Museum Tribal Museum is located at Pune in Maharashtra. It is near the railway line, which is just east to the railway station. Maharashtra is a vast state and there are a number of tribals in this state. Having different languages, these tribes have their own food habits, taboos, and beliefs - in short distinct cultures. Tribal Museum exhibits the cultures of the tribal communities mainly from the Sahyadari and Gondwana regions. It is a place where one can find to get an insight into the lives of the tribal communities of Maharashtra. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with any city of India. Timings: 10.00 am to 5.00 pm Closed on: Sundays and government holidays. Entry: Free Photography: Allowed with permission Victoria & Albert Museum
Veermata Jeejamata Museum, also known as Victoria and Albert Museum is in Mumbai, Maharashtra. This museum is also known as Bhau Daji Lad Museum, as Bhau Daji Lad put all his efforts to establish this museum. The museum has Mumbai city's past item like archaeological finds, maps and photographs. Rock cut elephants, which was brought by British in 1865 from Elephanta Island, is preserved here. The surrounding is Botanic Gardens spreading on an area of 48 acres. Clay models equivalent of firka paintings made for the British in the 'Company' period-'illustrating' Indian types, and costumes, and trades and professions; finely wrought silver and copper ware; votive bronzes to fossils and minerals, delicate ivories to models of temples made from pith are some of the fine collections of this museum. Photographs of old Bombay and European bric-a-brac; wonderful Armour and garishly coloured 'fruit' models are also displayed in the museum. Closed on: Wednesday Timings: 9:00 am to 5:30 pm
Maharashtra Safari
Safaris in Maharashtra can be done mainly at Tadoba National Park, Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Navegoan National Park. Spreading over an area of 135 sq km, it consists of a deer park, an aviary and three beautifully landscaped gardens. One can also enjoy staying in a unique treetop house and riding a power or sailboat on lake. So, safari in this park is really a thrilling experience. Tadoba National Park is known as 'The Jewel of Vidarbha' because of rich natural resources. It is a heaven for wildlife enthusiasts. A 12-seater minibus is also available at Tadoba for jungle safari for the convenience of the visitors. Binoculars and camera can be used for better viewing. Then one can enjoy the lion and tiger safari at Sanjay Gandhi National Park. The park is also known as the Borivali National Park. The area was developed keeping in mind the natural habitats and habits of tigers, with ample tall grass, lakes, ponds and islands. A 5 m high and 2,200 meter long protective fencing surrounds the area. Safari in Navegoan National Park
The Navegaon National Park is located in Navegoan in Gondia, Maharashtra. It is one of the most popular forest resorts in the Vidarbha region. Spreading over an area of 135 sq km, it consists of a deer park, an aviary and three beautifully landscaped gardens. One can see tiger, panther, sambar, chital, langurs and other animals during the safari. Staying in a unique treetop house and riding a power or sailboat on the lake, are the other thrilling pastimes that the park offers. Nearest airport is at Nagpur, which is 142 km away from the park, while Deulgaon on ChandrapurGondia railway line is the nearest railway station, which is 2 km away from the park. The nearest bus stand is Navegaon 10 km away from the park. One can stay at the Rest Houses or Youth Hostel in Gondia. Apart from the regular suites and cottages, it also offers a unique tree top retreat with two suites and reservations by MTDC. April to May is the best time to visit this national park. Temperatures are pleasant all year round. 4.00 am to 7.00 pm are the entry hours. Safari at Tadoba National Park Tadoba National Park spreads over 120 sq km, which is at an altitude of 200m. It is located 100 km south of Nagpur and 45 km north of Chandrapur. It is the oldest national park in Maharashtra. Tadoba National Park comes under Project Tiger reserve since 1993. The national park is called 'The Jewel of Vidarbha', as it is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. The main attraction is its jungle safari. A 12-seater minibus is also available at Tadoba for jungle safari for the convenience of the visitors. Binoculars and camera can be used for better viewing. Nearest airport is at Nagpur, which is 158 km away from the park, nearest railhead is at Chandrapur (45 km away from the park). Time: 6.00 am to 11.00 am and 3.00 pm to 6.00 pm
Sanjay Gandhi National Park Safari Sanjay Gandhi National Park, also known as Borivali National Park is located at the suburb of Borivali, Mumbai. The main attraction of the park is its lion and tiger safari. One of the main attractions to the National Park is the lion safari, which has been drawing people to the park ever since it was started. The twelve-hectare Lion Safari Park with crisscrossed roads, offer close encounter with the majestic king, from special buses. There are about 25 lions and six tigers, including 2 white Indian tigers in the park. The lion safari is done on a 12-hectare area, while tiger safari on 20 hectares. Thick dense forest covers the area, with different types of tress like teak, bamboo, ain, khair, kusum and others. The area was developed keeping in mind the natural habitats and habits of tigers, with ample tall grass, lakes, ponds and islands. A 5 m high and 2,200 meter long protective fencing surrounds the area. Special cages have been made for tigers for having meals and sleeping at night. Two watch towers have been provided for the safety of the tourists.
Nearest airport is Santa Cruz, which is at a distance of 16 km for domestic air travel; nearest railway station is at a distance of 40 km in Mumabi. Sanctuary Timings: 9.00 am to 5.30 pm Safari Timings: Morning session: 9.00 am to 1.00 pm Evening session: 2.20 pm to 5.20 pm
Maharashtra Wildlife
Maharashtra is home to many wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. These national parks and sanctuaries are home to many rare species of flora and fauna. Thanks to the state government, these parks are well safeguarded and try to upgrade with every year to attract foreign and domestic tourists. Modern amenities such as jeep rides, night safaris, library and audio-visual facilities, comfortable accommodation and efficient transport are also available at these parks at a nominal charge. Most of the sanctuaries and the park have lakes with serene beauty. Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary, Tadoba National Park, Chikhaldhara, Dajipur, Bharmragarh Wild Life Sanctuary, Navegaon National Park, Tipeshwer, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary are the important sanctuaries in Maharashtra. Pench Jungle camp is a special accommodation facility available at the Pench National Park, which is located on the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary has many types of wild animals like leopard, jungle fowl, wild boar and sloth bear, barking deer, blue bull, peacock and flying squirrel. The entire area is covered with the moist deciduous mix forests. Gond-Madia tribes are the people who are residing in and around the Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary. They are still leading their primitive life, mainly depending on the forest for their day-to-day needs. The local dialect is Madia and Gondi. Hemalkasa Lok Biradari Project run by Dr Prakash Amte is the other place of interest around the sanctuary. February to May is the best time to visit. Nagpur is the closest airport (370 km), while nearest railway station is Ballarpur (197 km). Nearest main bus stations are Aheri (102 km), Ballarpur and Chandrapur (212 kms). Bor Wildlife Sanctuary Bor Wildlife Sanctuary is located at Hingni in Wardha, Maharashtra. It covers an area of 61.10 sq km. It includes 3,237 hectares of Reserve Forest, 2,213 hectares of Protected Forest, and 660 hectares of Unclassified Forest. Bor Wildlife Sanctuary is covered with southern mixed dry deciduous forest. Teak, ain, tendu and bamboo are the main species of flora in this sanctuary. Tigers, panthers, bisons, blue bulls, chitals, sambars, peacocks, barking deers, chinkara, monkeys, wild boars, bears and wild dogs are the important faunas of the sanctuary. April to May is the best time to visit of this sanctuary. Nearest railway station is at Wardha (35 km), while Nagpur is the nearest airport (80 km). Hingni (5 km) is the nearest bus station.
Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary is home to nearly 131 species of wild animals like tiger, leopard, jungle cat, sloth bear and wild dog. Many of the species are included under the endangered species' list like two species of bird, two species of reptiles, Indian python and common Indian monitar. Wild boar, spotted deer, sambar, barking deer, blue bull, jungle cat, jackal, peacock, jungle fowl and flying squirrel are also found in this sanctuary. Tribals of Gond community are local people in and around the Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary. Local language is Marathi, Telugu, Madia and Gondi. Prashant Dham at Chaprala, Chaprala Temple and Markanda Temple are other places of other interest around the sanctuary. Best time to visit this sanctuary between February and May. Nearest airport is at Nagpur (243 km), while nearest railway station is at Ballarpur (70 km). Chikhaldhara Wildlife
Chikhaldara is in Amaravati district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It is believed that its name is derived from Keechaka. This hill station is the only hill station, which offers the tourists lots of wildlife, viewpoints, lakes and waterfalls in the Vidharba region. Chikhaldara is situated at an altitude of 1,118 m. This place is the only coffee-growing area in Maharashtra. Chikhaldara is full of deep valleys, and these valleys are full of velvet mist and majestic trees. Abundance of natural scenery, exciting wildlife, breathtaking waterfalls and placid lake make the hill station a perfect site for summer retreat. Popular as the Melghat Tiger Project and Dhakana-Kolkaz National Park, this station has wildlife like panthers, sloth bears, sambar, wild boar, and wild dogs. Tourists can also enjoy the panoramic view of this hill resort from Hurricane Point, Prospect Point, and Devi Point. Gawilgad and Narnala fort, Pandit Nehru Botanical Gardens, Tribal Museum and Semadoh Lake are other destinations of this hill station. Chikaldhara's cool breezy climate makes it an excellent place to repose in summer. Nearest airport is Akola (150 km), while nearest railway station is Badnera (110 km). Nearest bus depot is in Amravathi (100 km). Accommodation is available at Chikhaldara. Dajipur Wildlife Sanctuary Dajipur is situated on the border of Kolhapur and Sindhudurg districts. Rugged mountains and dense forests surround this hilly area. This quiet little place is completely cut-off from human blare. Dajipur is home to bison, wild deer, chital, gawa and many more spectacular wild animals and birds. Situating at 1200 metres above the sea level, it is an exciting and beautiful holiday getaway. An excursion in the vicinity to the Gagangiri Maharaj's Math makes a pleasant outing for the tourists. This scenic resort near the backwaters of the Radhanagari Dam is highly recommended for wildlife lovers and nature enthusiasts.
Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary Adorned with a picturesque landscape and abundant vegetation, Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary has 34 species of mammals, 166 species of birds, 36 species of reptiles and four species of amphibians. Apart from it, different species of insects, ants and butterflies are also available here. Tiger, panther, bison, sambar, nilgai, chital, wild boar, sloth bear and wild dog are the main wildlife of Nagzira. Nearly 30,000 tourists visit this sanctuary annually. Navegaon National Park (50 km), Itiadoh Dam (65 km), Tibetan Camp at Gothangaon (60 km) and Pratapgad (70 km) are the other attractions of this sanctuary.
For most of the year, temperatures are moderate and pleasant. April and May are the best time to visit. Nearest airport is at Nagpur, nearest bus stand is at Sakoli (22 km). Nearest railway stations are Gondia (45 km) and Bhandara (75 km). Navegaon National Park Navegaon is a very popular forest resort in the Vidarbha region. This eastern most part of Maharashtra was built in the 18th century. There is also a picturesque lake that situates amidst the green hills of Navegaon. There is a watchtower at Navegaon National Park; from there one can get a panoramic view of the surrounding forest. Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Navegaon is home for almost 60% of the bird species found in the entire Maharashtra. Thousands of beautiful migratory birds flock the lake every winter. While enjoying the jungle safari, one can see leopards, sloth bears, gaurs, sambars, chitals and langoors. One can also enjoy staying at a unique treetop house, riding a power or sailboat on the lake, are thrilling pastimes. Nearly 50,000 tourists visit this place annually. Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary (60 km), Itiadoh Dam (20 km), Tibetan Camp at Gothangaon (15 km) and Pratapgad (15 km) are the places of interest around the national park. Nearest airport is at Nagpur (150 km), while nearest railhead is at Deulgaon (2 km). Nearest bus stand is Navegaon at a distance of 10 km. Pench National Park Pench National Park is located on the border of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, which is at a distance of 70 km from Nagpur. The National Park covers an area of 257.26 sq km. It is covered with the southern topical dry deciduous forest. Pench National Park comes under the Project Tiger network for special reserves. Tiger, panther, gaur, sambar, chital, barking deer, blue bull, macaque, langoor, wild boar, bear, wild dogs and civet cat are the wild animals which are found in this National Park. This undulating terrain is covered with small hills, steeply sloping on the sides. For accommodation, there is Pench Jungle camp, which spreads out over 11acres with 12 Deluxe Safari style canvas tents, waterproof, pitched on a platform. There are also 4 spacious A/C rooms with attached toilets. All the rooms have attached bathroom, tiled, running hot and cold water, with LPG geysers, anti skid bathroom tiles. Billiards room, Pool table, Badminton courts, host of indoor games, swimming Pool with a filtration plant, Wildlife research center, Coffee maker in room and multi cuisine Restaurant are also there at the camp. It is best to visit the Pench National Park between February and April. Nagpur is the nearest airport and railway station (70 km). Tadoba National Park Tadoba National Park is a large park covered with lush, green forestland. It is situated at a distance of 45 km from Chandrapur. Tigers, leopards, gaurs, nilgais, sambars and
chitals can be seen at night in this park. There is also a lake at the park. Tiger, leopard, leopard cat, Indian wild dog, sloth bear, hyena, wild boar, spotted deer, barking deer, blue bull, four-horned antelope, Indian pangolin and porcupine are the wild animals of this park. February to May is the best time to visit. Around 90,000 people visit the park annually. Nearest airport is at Nagpur (140 km), while nearest railway station is at Chandrapur (45 km). Nearest main bus stand is Chandrapur and Chimur (32 km). Tipeshwer Sanctuary Black buck, blue bull, chital, sambar, peacock, hare, snake, monkey, wild boar, bear, wild cat, wolf and jackal are the wild animals that are abundantly seen at the Tipeswher sanctuary. Temperatures are quite pleasant all around the year, although there are three seasons namely summer, winter and the monsoons. Best time to visit is during April and May. Nagpur is the nearest airport which 172 km, Yavatmal (70kms) and Adilabad in Andhra Pradesh (35 kms) is convenient railhead, nearest bus station is Pandharkawada 22 km away on NH7.
Trekking in Maharashtra
Trekking in Maharashtra might not be that adventurous and risky like any Himalayan trekking. It is calm and easy; still it is enjoying and thrilling giving a lifetime experience. Sahydris is the most important trekking region in the state. Sahyadri is known to be a trekker's paradise with green hills, dotted lakes and forests all around. This region is popular for its incredible historic forts and wonderful ancient Buddhist caves. Having exotic natural locations, Rajmachi Fort too is famous for trekking. This beautiful place is a historic site as well. Rajmachi can be reached via the town of Lonavla along the Khandala plateau. Fort trekking can also be done at Karla Caves and Bedsa Caves. This trekking is long trekking involving different caves. Trekking in Rajmachi Fort Rajmachi Fort is famous for trekking. The beautiful place is has exotic natural locations as well as it is a historic site. Rajmachi can be reached via the town of Lonavla along the
Khandala plateau. Lonavla is an important train station on the Indian rail network. It is most convenient to start the trekking from the morning itself at around 11am. Near Kalbhairavnath Temple, there is some space that can be used as a campsite. Those who do not want to stay outside can stay inside the temple. There is a tank, which is 100m away on a path to the left of the temple, water is available here. One has to cook his own food or buy some villagemade food of Bhakri and Chutney. Once the trekkers reach the fort, one will realize that the climb was really meaningful. Opposite to Kalbhairavnath Temple, there is another fort called Shreevardhan. The fort has lots of secret tunnels leading to battlements. There is a place called Manranjan behind the temple that gives one a nice view of the plains. Trekkers who want to explore the area can go the base of Manranjan where there are some simple rock-cut caves. Return route is easier to follow; still trekkers are to be careful while getting down from the steep slopes. Trekking in The Sahyadris In Maharashtra, Western Ghats is called Sahyadri in local Marathi language. Sahyadri is known to be a trekker's paradise with green hills, dotted lakes and forests all around. This region is popular for its incredible historic forts and wonderful ancient Buddhist caves. Sahyadris are not very high hills but they are extremely rocky. This can give some with some unique, formidable pinnacles for the avid rock climber. Trekking in the Sahyadri would make the trekkers to the medieval forts. These treks are classified according to region as - Nasik region, Pune region, Koyna-Satara region and Warna-Amboli region, which are still unexplored by people. Trekking in Waki Woods Waki Woods is just 30 km away from Nagpur on Saoner Road near Warki Dargha. This resort offers activities like bird watching, boating, archery, riding etc. So, this place is regarded to be very much suitable for trekking. Large numbers of trekking lovers flock here for a wonderful trekking experience. Facilities like furnishedtented accommodation, electricity, water, and telephone make the experience more comfortable. There are also other lakes, wild life and bird sanctuaries, picnic spots and places of tourist interest within driving distance of Nagpur city. Trekking at Karla Caves Karla caves is not that tough to trek. This 2000-year old caves have lots of Buddhists architecture. Karla was built in 2nd century BC. These caves are the best-known examples of the rock cut caves in Maharashtra. These caves are mostly Buddhists monasteries. Having largest cluster of Chaitya caves, Karla Mountains are old as to 160 BC. The mountain has appropriate terrain for a rock climber to reach up to the top. Such types of architectures can also be seen at Sahyadris and Bedsa caves. These Buddhist caves served as monasteries Trekking begins when one reaches Kamshet station by local train either from Pune or Lonavla.
From here, one has to catch a bus or a jeep for Bedsa village. A steep trail, which takes about 45 minutes, leads to the top of Bedsa hill from Bedsa village. Then one must move towards Visapur fort and Lohagad fort. Then trekkers reach Bhaja forts, the way from Bedsa to Bhaja might sometimes be complicated but one can pay a villager from Bedsa to escort up to Bhaja. It is advisable to leave early in the morning during summer, as it is a hot 5-hour walk. But from Bhaja caves, it's an easy 10-minute walk to Bhaja village along steps built into the hillside. Here, one can buy food or provisions and make telephone calls. A twenty-minute walk will bring one to Malavali station. This road will cross the railway track and the Bombay-Pune highway and eventually get one to Karla caves in about an hour and a half. Bhandardara, another popular adventure is at a distance of 180 km by road. This place has a stunning lake surrounded by hills.
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Maharashtra Tourist Attractions
Alibag: It is in Raigad District. It is situated very close to the Arabian Sea and is a wonderful place for relaxation. Alibag has beaches and historical monuments like forts, temples and beautiful beaches. Appu Ghar: It is in Pune. Number of children games is available at this fun park. Appu Ghar also attracts youngsters. There is a cool and comely Lake for older generation people near the park. For games, funs and frolics, it is a place worth visiting. Baneshwar: It is situated 30 km away from Pune. This place is known for its scenic beauty and Baneshwar Temple. There is a garden and a small stream behind the temple. Visitors enjoy playing and swimming over here. Bhushi Dam: It is a very popular picnic spot, which is located at a distance of about 5 km from Lonavala. A wonderful waterfall near the dam is one of the most thrilling spot. The dam is full with
rainwater in monsoon. Brahmagiri: It is located in Nashik. This is a mountain of 550m in height. Brahmagiri is the source of the Holy Godavari River. Godavari flows in three directions from the mountain - Godavari, Vaitarna, Chakra Tirth. Kolambika Devi Temple, Kolambika Devi Temple and Gorakh Gumpha Ganga Sagar are the other attractions near it. Chaul: It is an old Portuguese settlement, located 40 km south of Mumbai. Portuguese settled here in 1522, and this area was later taken over by the Marathas. Visitors can find forts, churches, ancient Buddhist caves, temples and the ruins of an old Portuguese palace here. Deolali Camp: It is one of the oldest important Indian army military centres. It is located 16 km away from Nashik. One can also shop at Deolali market near the camp. There is the famous temple of Lord Khandoba on the hills. Esselworld: It is Mumbai's only international-style theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach. Esselworld offers over 40 exciting rides, games, and attractions. The Water Kingdom of the fun park is said to be the largest of its kind in Asia. Film City: It is located away from Mumbai's hurly burly life, on a quiet locality of Aarey Colony. The Film City is equipped studios, recording room, a theater, and facilities like garden, lakes, ground for fighting scenes, helipads etc. for outdoor shooting. Snake Park: It is at Pune since 1986. The park has collection of a wide range of reptiles, birds, and others. The special attraction is the six-year-old, nine feet long King Cobra. Temples of Lord Shiva, Lord Ganesha, Vishnu and Kartikeya, Goddess Parvati are also there near the park.
Khadakwasla and Panshet Dam: These dams provide water to the entire Pune city. It is half and hour from Pune and two and half-hour from Mumbai. The amazing view of Sinhagad and Peacock Bay is again a major attraction of Khadawasla. Panshet is very popular for water sports like Speed Boats and Water Scooters etc. One can have a nice road to Panshet surrounded by dark green woods. Koyna Dam: It is known as one of the largest Hydroelectric Power plants in India. Having highest rainfall in the region, locality of the dam is gifted with thick forests. Best time to visit the dam is during the rainy days. Vadhu and Tulapur: Sambhaji, son of Shivaji was killed in Tulapur and his samadhi was built in Vadhu. Tulapur is famous for the temple of Lord Shiva as well. In this temple, also known as Sangameshwar, Sambhaji was arrested by Aurangzeb and was later killed. Tulapur was originally known as 'Nagargaon'.
Climate of Maharashtra
Maharashtra has typical monsoon climate, with hot, rainy and cold weather seasons. Tropical conditions prevail all over the state, and even the hill stations are not that cold. Dew, frost, hail can also be happened sometimes according to the seasonal weather. Summer: March, April and May are the hottest months. During April and May thunderstorms are common all over the state. Temperature varies between 22°C-39°C during this season. Rainy: Rainfall starts normally in the first week of June. July is the wettest month in Maharashtra, while August too gets substantial rain. Monsoon starts its retreat with the coming of September from the state. Winter: Cool dry spell, with clear skies gentle breeze and pleasant weather prevails from November to February. But the eastern part of Maharashtra sometimes receives some rainfall. Temperature varies between 12°C-34°C during this season. Rainfall: Rainfall in Maharashtra differs from region to region. Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri and
Sindhudurg districts, receive heavy rains of an average of 200 centimeters annually. But the districts of Nasik, Pune, Ahmednagar, Dhule, Jalgaon, Satara, Sangli, Solapur and parts of Kolhapur get rainfall less than 50 centimeters. Rainfall particularly concentrates to the Konkan and Sahyadrian Maharashtra. Central Maharashtra receives less rainfall. However, under the influence of the Bay of Bengal, eastern Vidarbha receives good rainfall in July, August and September.
Gardens of Maharashtra
University Park: Pune University's premise spreads over 400 acres of sprawling grounds with quiet roads and small open canteens towards the city suburbs. Mr.Woodrew laid out the university garden. Spending a pleasant quiet evening at this garden is refreshing. Townhall Garden: Covering an area of about 7 to 8 acres, Townhall garden is at Kolhapur city. The garden has full of old precious tropical and exotic trees, shrubs, lawns, creepers and climbers. The construction of the Townhall building was completed in the year 1876, while the Glasshouse was constructed in the year 1904 and Marble bust of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was installed in the year 1927. An archaeological museum has been added to the beauty. Saras Baug: Saras Baug is at Pune. The garden has pleasant lawns and a famous Ganesh Temple, which was built by Madhavrao Peshwa. The best time to visit this garden is in the evening. Ryewood Park: Ryewood Park is at Lonavala city, just half km from Lonavala railway station. Covering an area of about 25 acres, the garden has full of natural vegetation, grooves of evergreen deciduous trees, creepers and climbers. There is an old Mahadeo temple in this park. The garden is regarded to be very good picnic spot for Mumbai-Pune public.
Katraj Snake Park: Katraj Snake Park is 20 km away from the railway station. The park is an artificial habitat for about 300-350 snakes of 40 different species, other wildlife like leopard, the deer and reptiles. Renowned naturalist, Mr. Neelim Kumar Khaire set up the snake park in the year 1986. Kamala Nehru Park: Kamala Nehru Park is on the top of the Malabar hills, which offers superb views of Mumbai. Built in 1952, the park is named after the wife of India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The park spreads over an area of 4,000 square yards. One can enjoy a magnificent view of Marine Drive, or 'Queen's Necklace' at night. Hanging Gardens: Hanging Garden is also on the Malabar Hill. One can enjoy a panoramic view towards Mumbai's Colaba area, and the view of sunset is breathtaking. The garden is built over three reservoirs, which store 30 million gallons of water pumped here for cleaning before being supplied to the town. The garden is well maintained. Joggers and fitness freaks flock to the garden in the morning and evening. Empress Garden: The Empress garden is a botanical garden, which is located on the Sholapur highway with different varieties of flowers and trees. This botanical garden covers a large area in the heart of the Pune cantonment, very close to the Pune racecourse. The garden, which is a wellknown picnic spot, has appealing lawns. Bund Gardens: Sir Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy constructed the Bund Gardens. The Bund gardens, which are next to the river, are just the place for evening strolls on the lush green grass. Boating and rowing facilities are also available over here. There is a Ganesh temple situated in the vicinity of the park too. Agakhan Palace Garden: Agakhan palace is situated 2 km away from Bund Garden in Yerwada on Pune-Nagar road. Mahatma Gandhi, Kasturba Gandhi, Shri Mahadeobhai Desai, Dr.Sarojini Naidu and others were kept under imprisonment in the Agakhan palace during Quit India movement of 1942. All the materials used by Mahatma Gandhi and Kasturba Gandhi is preserved here.
Maharashtra Lakes
Having nearly around 23 lakes, Thane is popularly known as the 'City of Lakes' in Maharashtra. Talao Pali Lake, Upvan Lake are the most important most crowded lakes of the city. It is believed that Rankala Lake in Kolhapur is the oldest of all lakes in Maharashtra. Ramkunk Lake in Nashik is popular, as it is believed that Lord Rama and Sita used to take bath in this lake during their exile. The Mushi lake near Lonavala, Venna lake in Mahabaleshwar, Khindsey and Ambazari lakes near Nagpur, Lonar lake in Buldhana district, Pashan and Pimpri lakes in Pune and the Tansa, Tulsi, Vihar and Powai lakes in Mumbai are the lakes which attracts lots of visitors and popular as picnic spots where tourist groups often go for excursion on weekends and holidays.
Maharashtra Geography
Maharashtra is a state in the western sea coastline of India. It is surrounded by Goa and Karnataka states in south, Andhra Pradesh in southeast, Gujarat, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Madhya Pradesh in north, Chhattisgarh in east, and the Arabian Sea in west. Maharashtra is the third-largest state of India, both in area and population. Its coastline is 330 miles (530 km) long along the Arabian Sea. Rice is the dominant crop of the state, but cashews, mangoes, vegetable cotton, oilseeds, and tobacco are also important. The state has tropical monsoon climate with seasonal rains as heavy as over 400 cm in some regions. Warm summer starts from March onwards up to late October, while winters are mild. Forests comprise 17% of the total area of the state. Majority of the forests are in the eastern and Sahyadri regions of the state. Main Rivers of the state are Krishna, Bhima, Godavari, Tapi-Purna and Wardha-Wainganga. Maharashtra is divided into five geographic regions. Konkan is the western coastal region, between the Western Ghats and the sea. Major cities include Mumbai, Thane, Ulhasnagar, Bhiwandi, Ratnagiri and Chiplun. Kandesh is the northwestern region lying in the valley of the Tapti River. Jalgaon, Dhulia and Bhusawal are the major cities of this region. Desh is in the centre of the state. This is the most significant region of the Maratha state. Pune was the capital of the Maratha Empire. Other important cities include Nasik, Sangli, Sholapur, and Kolhapur. Marathwada, which was a part of the princely state of Hyderabad until 1956, is located in the southeastern part of the state. Aurangabad is the main city of the region. Vidarbha is the easternmost region of the state, formerly part of Central Provinces and Berar. Nagpur is the main city in the region. Physical features of Maharsahtra divided into Deccan plateau, which is separated from the Konkan coastline by 'Ghats'. The Ghats are a succession of steep hills, periodically bisected by narrow roads. Most of the famous hill stations of the state are at the Ghats. Sahyadri range with an elevation of 1000 meters is known for its crowning plateaus. Lying between the Arabian Sea and the Sahyadri Range, Konkan is narrow coastal lowland, just 50 km wide and with an elevation below 200 meters.
Maharashtra History
The name Maharashtra is believed to be originated from rathi, which means chariot driver. Maharashtra entered the recorded history in the 2nd century BC, with the construction of its first Buddhist caves. The name, Maharashtra first appeared in a 7th century in the account of a contemporary Chinese traveler, Huan Tsang. According to the recorded History, the first Hindu King ruled the state during 6th century, based in Badami. Shivaji Bhosle, the founder of the Maratha Empire, did a lifelong struggle against the Mughals. By 1680, the year of Shivaji's death, nearly the whole of Deccan belonged to his empire. Shivaji was a great warrior and one of the finest rulers of India, so he holds the highest place in Maratha history. Sambhaji succeeded Shivaji, but he is not great as his father Shivaji. 1680 to 1707 is known as the period of instability in the history of Maharashtra. Balaji Vishwanath (1712-1721), Bajirao Peshwa (1721-1740), Nanasaheb Peshwa (1740-1761), 'Thorale' Madhaorao Peshwa (1761-1772,
Narayanrao Peshwa (1772-1773), 'Sawai' Madhaorao Peshwa (1774-1795) and 'Second' Bajirao Peshwa - 1795 to 1802 were the other important rulers of Maharashtra. The fall of Ahmednagar fort in 1803 marked the end of Indian rule and supremacy of British in Deccan. In 1804, General Wellesly proclaimed the Deccan in a state of chaos, established military rule and the Peshwas remained rulers for namesake. The present state was formed in 1960 with Bombay as the capital, when the Marathi and Gujarati linguistic areas of former Bombay state were separated. Maharashtra became the main channel of cultural exchange between southern to northern India.
Maharashtra Languages
Main languages are Marathi, Hindi and English. Marathi and Hindi are mostly understood all over the state. But different regions have their own dialects. English is applicable in urban areas. Spoken Marathi language changes with every change of district or area or locality in its tone and a few words. The Marathi script doesn't have any silent pronunciation making the language so phonetic. Konkani is also spoken in some areas of Maharashtra. Other major dialects include Varhadii spoken in the Vidarbha region and Dangii spoken near Maharashtra-Gujarat border. Alphabet 'L' is abundantly used in many verbs and nouns in Marathi. It is replaced by the letter 'y' in the Varhadii dialect, which makes it quite distinct.
Maharashtra Rivers
Godavari River: The Godavari River rises from a place near Nashik in Maharashtra, which is at the elevation of
1,465 km. It flows nearly around 1,465 km before falling to Bay of Bengal. The Parvara, the Purna, the Manjra, the Penganga, the Wardha, the Wainganga, the Indravati and the Kolab are the major tributaries of the river. Godavari Basin extends over an area of 312,812 km in five states, which is nearly 9.5% of the total geographical area of the country. 'Vishnupuri Prakalp', Asia's largest Lift irrigation project is constructed on the river just 5 km away from Nanded city. Krishna River: The Krishna River rises from a place with an elevation of 1337m north of Mahabaleshwar. The Ghataprabha, the Malaprabha, the Bhima, the Tungabhadra and the Musik are the principal tributaries joining Krishna. Krishna Basin extends over in three states with an area of 258,948 km2, which is nearly 8% of the total geographical area of the country. Tapi River: Tapi River rises from a place with an elevation of 752m near Multai in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. It flows for about 724 km before out falling into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Cambay. The Purna, the Girna, the Panjhra, the Vaghur, the Bori and the Aner are the principal tributaries of Tapi. Tapi Basin extends in three states with over an area of 65,145 km2, which is nearly 2.0% of total geographical area of the country.
Shopping in Maharashtra
Shopping in Maharashtra offers diverse varieties. As Maharashtra is a vast district has its own ranges of shopping to which can be suited to Bazaar, Mutton Street important areas, where
state, every region and every specialty. Mumbai offers wide visitors. There are marketplaces, every type of pockets. Chor and Zaveri Bazar are some of the shoppers enjoy with delight.
The shopping arcades of five-star hotels like Oberoi and Taj Mahal offer a good variety of upmarket shops. In central and suburban Mumbai, the Dadar, Bandra-Linking Road, and Juhu Road areas are good spots for shopping. Colaba and Flora Fountain (Hutatama Chowk) has full of shopping items like ethnic artifacts and departmental stores. State emporiums at the World Trade Centre, at Cuffe Parade are a perfect for buying souvenir, a rare artifact or textiles. The prices at the Central Cottage Industries Emporium (Apollo Bunder) and Khadi Village Industries Emporium (D.N.Road) are fixed. But the quality is genuine.
When we talk of shopping in Aurangabad, himroo shawls, mashroo and kimkhab weaves click on one's mind. We can't also forget the well-known fine paithani silk sarees. The silver inlay craft of Bidri ware too is world famous. Shopping in Pune too is like that of Mumbai. Jewellery, Maharashtrian traditional wares, pearl nose ring, necklace and the nine-yard sarees are readily available at Tulsi Baug. Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar or Deccan Gymkhana is another place for good shopping, while Mahatma Gandhi Road is a place with big stores. Kolhapur is popular for its cotton textiles, in particular Kolhapuri sarees. This city is also popular for its jewellery and leather sandals or Kolhapuri chappals. Kolhapur is also famous for its special type of necklace called Kolhapur saaj. This jewellery is very much special for Maharashtrian women. Har and malas, mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, kolhapuri saaj, pohehar and putlihar are the jewelleries that are made in Kolhapur. These names are derived from the peculiar shapes of the jewelleries. Thushi, a choker with closely bound tiny gold beads, is very popular in Kolhapur. In Nagpur, Sitabuldi, WHC Road, Dharampeth Road, Residency Road (Sadar) are famous for shopping. Poonam Chambers in Chhindwara Road is a shopping mall for branded clothes and nonbranded clothes, shoes, super bazaar, gifts and cards, jewellry shops, furniture, snacks and fast food, and music. Nagpur is famous for its world-class oranges as well. Orange products like jam, jelly, marmalade and fruit squash can also be purchased in cheapest rates with best quality. In Nashik one can find wide varieties of little brass statues and beaded necklaces are available everywhere. Nashik is popular for its jewellery as well.
Theatre in Maharashtra
Marathi theatre is alive because of good writers, dedicated directors and an admiring audience. The Maharashtra directors are innovative and able to play risk. Unlike other regional theatres, Marathi theatre doesn't carry away with adaptations and translations from other languages. Maharashtrian audience doesn't look theatre just as an entertainment medium; it is more of a tradition in this state. Theatre workshops are organized from time to time to encourage budding artistes. Satyadev Dubey, Mahesh Elkunchwar, G.P Deshpande, Achyut Vaze, Shafad Khan, Chetan Datar, Rajeev Naik and Prashant Dalvi are some of the well-known theatre activists of Maharashtra. Tamasha, which was emerged in 16th century, is the principal form of folk theatre of Maharashtra. Entertainment, serious propaganda and devotion are the three basic elements of tamasha. Songdance troupe and folk-drama troupe are the two types of troupe of this form of folk theatre. Film And Television Institute of India, Pune Training on acting, direction, cinematography, film script writing, editing are given in this premiere institute. This government institute is one of the five prestigious film schools across the globe.
This Film Institute has given the Indian film industry some of the best known acting talents in the country like - Naseeruddin Shah, Shabhana Azmi, Om Puri, Rameshwari, Jaya Bahaduri, Danny Dengzongpa, Mithun Chakraborty, Shatrugan Sinha, Raza Murad, Kiran Kumar, Shakti Kapoor, Uday Chandra, Satish Shah, Rakesh Bedi, Suresh Chatwal, Sudhir Pandey, Rit Rani Kaul and many more.
Transportation
Air: Almost all the major cities of Maharashtra have airports. Sahara (International) and Santa Cruz (Domestic) are the two airports in Mumbai. Flights are operated by both private and government airline companies. Ports: There are nearly around 48 minor ports in Maharashtra. Most of these handle passenger traffic and have a limited capacity. The two principal ports, Jawaharlal Nehru Port and Mumbai Port, which are at Mumbai, are under the control and supervision of the government of India. Railways: Indian Railway has train stations even in almost all the small and remote villages of Maharashtra. Road Transport: Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation's buses ply on over 19,000 routes in the state, covering 1.2 million km. The Corporation has nearly 15,500 buses. In addition to the government services, cities have private and non-private taxis, auto-rickshaws, and intra-city buses, which run efficiently. In Mumbai, the city bus service run by the Bombay Electric Supply and Transportation Undertaking, popularly known as BEST, and local trains are regarded to be the most extensive and well-run public transport systems in the world. The BEST buses carry approximately 4.2 million passengers per day, while local train carries 23 million commuters everyday.
Maharashtra Waterfalls
Dudhsagar waterfall, Thoseghar waterfall, Lingmala fall, Dhobi waterfall, and Chinaman's waterfall are the important waterfalls in Maharashtra. Dudhsagar waterfall, situated at Someshwar is a favourite destination for youngsters where they come often to liven up their spirits. This is one of the best picturesque spots in Nashik. The waterfalls are 10m long and the water is milky white, so it is called Dudhsagar waterfall. Thoseghar, near Satara is famous for its serenity, clam and quiet nature. It is a newly developing picnic spot. Thoseghar is really a wonderful place where one can enjoy the beauty of the nature. July to November is the best season to visit Thoseghar. Dark woods and a clean lake add to the beauty of this hilly region. There are also other small waterfalls here, which are about 15-20 meters high. The highest one is of around 500 meters. Satara is on the Pune - Bangalore Highway, and is about 115 km from Pune. Lingmala Falls, Dhobi Waterfall, and Chinaman's waterfall are the waterfalls in Mahabaleshwar. July to December is the best time to see these waterfalls. Venna Lake is not far from here, which is on the way of Panchgani. Dhobi Waterfall is on the bridle path connecting Petit Road with Old
Mahabaleshwar Road near Lily Cottage. Chinaman's Waterfall is on the Carviali Road, which can also reach by the Tiger Path Road or from Babington Point. Chinese convicts to cultivate the adjoining fields formerly used it; hence the fall is known by this name. Mahabaleshwar is 120 km from Pune via Panchgani.
Maharashtra Travel Tips
Traveling in Maharashtra is not tough as other tourist destinations. People here are friendly and cooperative. The Maharashtra government in collaboration with the central government has instituted many tourist guide centres all over the state in major cities and towns. But still foreign tourists have to know a few costumes and traditions of this state, so that they can enjoy the colourful cultural heritage of this vast state. Every district of Maharashtra has distinct cultures. As India as a whole, is a bit conservative comparing to western countries, foreign tourists must always keep in mind about what they wear and do. Tourists also need to take care of the guidelines of the religious places.
Foreign Consulates in Mumbai
Austria 26, Maker Chambers VI Nariman Point, Mumbai - 400021 Tel No: (+91/22) 2287 4758, (+91/22) 2287 4759, (+91/22) 2287 1734, (+91/22) 2287 0498 Fax: (+91/22) 2287 0502, (+91/22) 2833 4504 Email : [email protected] Web Site:http://www.bmaa.gv.at Canada Consulate General of Canada, Mumbai, 4th Floor, 41/42 Maker Chamber VI, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021, Maharashtra, India. Tel No: (91-022) 2287-6027-30, 2287-5779, 2282-8751/52 Fax
91-022) 2287-5514 Email : [email protected] Web Site:http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/new-delhi Italy
Italian Consulate, Kanchanjunga, 1st Floor, 72 G.Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai - 400 026 Tel No: 0091-22-23804071, 23804073 Fax: 0091-22-23874074, 23811940 Email : [email protected] Web Site: www.italianconsulatemumbai.com Japan Consulate-General of Japan, 28th Floor, Oberoi Towers, Nariman Point, Mumbai-400021. Tel No: 91-22-5632-5000 Fax: 91-22-5632-5050 Web Site:http://www.japan-emb.org.in USA Consulate General, Lincoln House, 78, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai - 400026 Tel No: 022-2363-3611 Email: [email protected] Web Site:http://mumbai.usconsulate.gov
Maharashtra STD Codes
Mumbai 022 Aurangabad 02432 Nagpur 0712 Nasik 0253 Pune 020 Kohlapur 0231 Solapur 0217 Sangli 0233 Buldana 07262 Chandrapur 07172 Jalgaon 0257 Ratnagiri 02352 Amaravati 07222
Tips for tourists
Emergency Numbers
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Police - 100 Fire Force - 101 Railway Enquiry - 301
Customs to keep in Mind
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Not only in Maharsahtra but also in whole India, tourists have to remove shoes before entering any shrine. Tourists are prohibited from using alcoholic beverages or speaking in a raised voice on the premises of any shrine. Women are advised to dress properly, and should cover their head before entering a Sikh Gurudwara or a mosque. Visitors are supposed to step the right foot first into the courtyard when anybody enters a mosque. All leather products like shoes, belts, handbags, camera cases etc. are prohibited in some Hindu and Jain temples. Visitors are to wash their hands and feet under a tap or tank available on the premises before entering the shrines. No visitor in a gurudwara should keep his feet pointing towards the Holy Book or step over any one sitting in prayer or meditation. While spinning a prayer wheel of any Buddhist monastery, one must always remember to follow the clockwise direction. Cushions and chairs inside the monastery are reserved for lamas (monks). Visitors may sit on the steps outside or on the floor.
Language Official and most common language of Maharashtra is Marathi. However, both Hindi and English are also widely spoken.
Conclusion
Tourism has proved to be an engine of growth in many economies in the world. It provides for the generation of income, wealth and employment, and helps in the sustainable development of remote areas. In India, tourism provides direct employment to 9 million people and indirect employment to another 13 million persons, thus providing a livelihood to 22 million persons. Tourism has proved to have negative impacts as well as the positive ones. It is criticised for contaminating indigenous culture. This takes the form of changing values, resulting in social maladies like drug addiction, child prostitution, etc. A far more widespread negative impact is caused by mass tourism in environmentally fragile areas like mountains, hills, deserts and coastal regions. Due to heavy tourist traffic in some areas, the cultural and environmental assets of the community are under threat. Although this phenomenon is not widespread in India, there is a need to take note of the possible negative influences of tourism so that timely preservation action can be taken and irreparable loss avoided. The movement towards ecotourism is at once a threat and an opportunity to create more sustainable tourism: by diverting tourist traffic to ensure the carrying capacity of any destination is not exceeded; by planning for regeneration of natural resources; and
by generating awareness in the host community whereby they are prepared and forearmed to deal with the negative impact of mass tourism. As in most cases, a middle path is the most creative way to maximise the economic potential of tourism, while at the same time minimising the negative social influences and threats to the environment. Only ecotourism where the tourists, the service providers, the host community and authorities are well informed and prepared to harness tourism as an engine of growth can yield sustainable results.
References
• www.india-tourism.com • Pindyck Robert, Daniel Rubinfeld, Prem Mehta, Microeconomics, 6th edition, Pearson education • Economic and Political Weekly Journals – Dec 2008 to June 2009 • World Travel and Tourism Council Economic Impact Report, 2009 • • • • www.ibef.org www.incredibleindia.orghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/index.html
doc_640081420.docx
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI NCRD?S
STERLING COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE &SCIENCE NERUL, NAVI MUMBAI COLLEGE CODE: 331
PROJECT REPORT ON “??
SUBMITTED BY “VRUSHAB S AFZALPURKAR”
PROJECT GUIDE “PROF. K. PRASUNA ??
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE COURSE OF BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (B.M.S)
T.Y.B.M.S. (SEMESTER V) ACADEMIC YEAR 2013-14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to STERLING INSTITUTE OF ARTS, COMMERCE AND SCIENCE for giving me an opportunity to work on the project of the analysis of emotional quotient from employee?s perspective. I am highly thankful to my esteemed guide Mrs. Prasuna for her support throughout the completion of this project.
DECLARATION
I VRUSHAB S AFZALPURKAR Student of NCRD?S STERLING COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE & SCIENCE, studying in B.M.S (Semester V) hereby declare that I have completed this project report on “INCREDIBLE INDIA–TOURISM SECTOR ON MAHARASHTRA” And has not been submitted to any other University of Institute for the award of any degree, diploma etc. The information is submitted by me is true and original to the best of my knowledge.
Date: _________ Place: Nerul Navi Mumbai
___________________ (VRUSHAB S AFZALPURKAR)
Index
SR. NO CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1 2
INTRODUCTION
6 7
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES 3 INCREDIBLE INDIA CAMPAIGN 4 5 PROBLEMS IN TOURISM INDUSTRY EFFECT OF TERRORISM &SWINE FLU ON TOURISM 6 DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN INDIA 28 12 14 9
7
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM IN INDIA
32
8
Cities of Maharashtra
42
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
59 67 96 99 102 104 112
16
113
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
India is one country many people long to see, and having seen it once, wish to return again and again. India is, indeed, incredible.
India is a country of bewilderingly great diversities. We keep marveling at the incredibly harmonious co-existence of various religions & culture, its varied landscapes from Kashmir to Kannyakumari and from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, the different cuisines, etc! In fact every single home is like a school of kitchen! India is also a place for Ayurveda, Yoga, learning, amazing arts & crafts, mountains, backwaters, nature, rivers, deserts, wildlife enthusiasts . India is a jigsaw of people of every faith and religion, living together to create a unique and colourful mosaic. India had become the centre of religious and spiritual activities where four major world religions Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated, while Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism arrived in the first millennium and shaped the region's variegated culture of India. That is why India is called the homeland of spiritual figures in the forms of rishis, faqirs.The soil and climate of India are so excellent and so varied that one can find the cool mountain pastures beside the glaciers, through windy plateau, to warm river valleys and burning deserts. Holidays in India has four major seasons to celebrate - Winter (January-February), Summer (March-May), Monsoon(June-September),andPost-Monsoon(October-December). The notable aspects of India?s soft power cover as many different spheres as imaginably possible, from simple agriculture, to ritual religious practice, to quality technological services. India?s hard power is measured by its substantial military, which has sustained its autonomy and desire through many wearisome points in the nation?s history.
Government Initiatives
The Tourism Ministry has also played an important role in the development of the industry. Tourism was officially recognized as an industry in 1982.Before 2002, the Indian government regularly formulated policies and prepared pamphlets and brochures for the promotion of tourism; however, it did not support tourism in a concerted fashion .As a result, the country attracted very few tourists. However, in 2002, the government made a conscious effort to bring in more professionalism in its attempts to promote tourism. It announced a New Tourism Policy to give the much needed boost to the tourism sector. This policy is built around the 7-S Mantra of Swaagat (welcome), Soochanaa (information), Suvidhaa (facilitation), Surakshaa (security), Sahyog (cooperation), Sanrachnaa (infrastructure) and Safaai (cleanliness). Some of the salient features of the New Tourism Policy are: • The policy proposes the inclusion of tourism in the concurrent list of the Constitution to enable both the central and state governments to participate in the development of the sector. • • • • No approval required for foreign equity of up to 51 per cent in tourism projects. NRI investment up to 100% allowed. Automatic approval for Technology agreements in the hotel industry, subject to the fulfillment of certain specified parameters. Concession rates on customs duty of 25% for goods that are required for initial setting up, or for substantial expansion of hotels. 50% of profits derived by hotels, travel agents and tour operators in foreign exchange are exempt from income tax. The remaining profits are also exempt if reinvested in a tourism related project.
Apart from this, government took several other measures for the promotion of tourism. A multipronged approach was adopted, which included new mechanism for speedy implementation of tourism projects, development of integrated tourism circuits and rural destinations, special capacity building in the unorganized hospitality sector and new marketing strategy. As part of this marketing strategy, The Government of India formulated integrated communication propaganda with the aim of promoting India as a destination of choice for the discerning traveler.
Incredible India Campaign
The services of Ogilvy & Mather (India) (O&M) were employed to create a new campaign to increase tourist inflows into the country. The 'Incredible India' campaign, as it was called, was launched in 2002 with a series of television commercials and print advertisements. It projected India as an attractive tourist destination by showcasing different aspects of Indian culture and history like yoga, spirituality and many others. The campaign was conducted globally and received appreciation from tourism industry observers and travelers alike. It made and continues to make a powerful visual impact on the global audience and has created a perception of India as being a magical place to visit.
Problems in Tourism Industry
The potential for growth and development of tourism in India is clearly immense. However, there is no denying the fact that India?s tourism industry is plagued with several problems, faced by both domestic and foreign tourists. Some of the problems are as follows: • • • • • • • • Excessive formalities are required for an issue of special permit to view restricted areas sites like Sunderbans Untrained Guides & Sherpas Lack of Infrastructure Roads, Flyovers, Telecommunication and Virtual Network Lack of facilities like availability of fresh water, clean restroom, hygienic food & beverages while travelling Danger of fraud, cheating, thefts or physical assault by antisocial elements Communication and culture problem which is precipitated by the lack of knowledgeable interpreters Lack of direction boards and other readily accessible portals of information during the journey Tourism itineraries that do not provide value for money. Unnecessary sites are added in the itinerary to extend the length of stay and increase the cost of package which is highly inconvenient for tourists.
Apart from the above problems, the biggest challenge facing the tourism industry in India is the threat of terrorism. The tourism sector is witnessing a downturn due to the travel advisories being issued by various countries against India, recently for the terror attacks in Mumbai and in other destinations in the past. The attacks are expected to dent the image of 'Incredible India' and make it difficult for the 'brand' to achieve its goal of doubling tourist arrivals from last year's five million to ten million by 2010. Tourism figures may even regress, as it happened in Bali after the bombings in a nightclub in 2002 and the country lost more than one third of its tourism traffic overnight.
Effect of Terrorism on Tourism
The Mumbai terror acts have put an end to the tourism season, especially the inbound segment, as 22 foreign tourists were killed spreading a wave of fear among foreign nationals slated to visit India. Thus, Indian tourism sector and all players of the travel industry are now witnessing a flurry of booking cancellations by overseas visitors. Due to low volumes, few travel suppliers might consider a reduction in prices to attract business. On this, a Delhi based tour operator said, “The drop in prices will not bring in more volumes and I think the industry over the years has matured and has realized that dropping prices in many ways at the end of the day just harms all of us and it is still the same amount of business that is going to come in”, says Mukesh Jagga, President, Association of Domestic Tour Operators of India (ADTOI). Both leisure and business segments were hampered due to the economic downturn. The threat of terrorism will further slow down the leisure segment and to some extent business travel as well.
Effect of Swine Flu on Tourism
The recent spread of swine flu has struck another blow to the tourism industry. Swine flu has affected the whole country and domestic tourism business has been badly affected. People travelling to and fro from different parts of the country have postponed their trips because of swine flu. Regular business trips are still continuing and the number of cancellations from foreign clients is also not significant. However, with WHO raising its concern over increase in virus activity during monsoons, inbound tourism has dropped by almost 30 per cent. While Indian tour operators find their problems multiplying he only thing that they want in such a situation is for the media to not hype the situation. The extensive media coverage is creating a panic like situation among tourists which is often baseless. Due to the coverage from Pune, tourists have cancelled their bookings. There has been a similar effect on Rajasthan as well. The tourism industry in India's northwestern city of Jaipur, has taken a huge plunge. The industry has been registering huge losses due to swine flu, with around ten to fifteen percent of tourists either canceling or postponing their visit to the city.
Probable Solutions
Each of the above problems has to be dealt with carefully and solved eventually, for the unstinted growth of the tourism industry. Unnecessary bureaucratic complications should be avoided so that travel to remote and exotic destinations can be undertaken without any hassles. This can generate revenue for these locations and also aid in the development of the local communities. The local guides and sherpas should be trained by the state tourism bodies. The local youth in the tourist locations should be encouraged to enroll as interpreters and the required linguistic skills should be imparted to them. This will greatly aid foreign tourists. The government should undertake cleanliness drives, infrastructural development and provide a holistic hygienic travelling environment for all tourists. Vaccinations and medical facilities to combat indigenous diseases should also be readily available. The tourism sector as a whole needs superior administration and management, both at the central and the state level, so that tourists have an „Incredible? experience. To combat the threat of terrorism, the government should enhance security levels in the country and simultaneously communicate to other countries that India is a safe place to visit. Veena Patil, CMD, Kesari Tours Pvt. Ltd. is of the opinion that travel agents and tour operators should not worry and instead, believe that in the next six months tourists will gain confidence and the fortunes of the tourism industry will be revived. Meanwhile, travel trade can focus on domestic tourism as this segment has higher potential than inbound. Recently, the Ministry of Tourism (MoT) announced that most tourists currently travelling in India have not cancelled their travel plans. Talking about the recent feedback taken by MoT from various inbound tourists, Devesh Chaturvedi, Director, MoT said, “Most international tourists currently in India have not changed their travel plans and flown off. Instead tourists around India are expressing strong intention of continuing their itinerary in India.”. The international and national tourism offices of India Tourism are cracking every nut to change the perception of fear created by the influence maker – Media. India Tourism board in United Kingdom is planning to launch a campaign aimed at reassuring visitors that the country is safe following the attacks in Mumbai.
A spokesperson from India Tourism, UK said, “We are in talks with MoT in India and local tour operators to launch the new ad campaign for rebuilding the India brand. The travel trade has till now not recorded any cancellations for travelling to India but are planning for a change in itinerary. We are in talks with the travel trade on national and international level for their support to rebuild the image of India as a safe tourist destination. We are working on several short term plans to reinforce the confidence of travelers travelling to India, but don?t want to disclose at this point of time about plans that are underway.” On similar note, Sujata Thakur, Regional Director – Western Region, India Tourism said, “Government has initiated few action plans in the right direction and we are looking forward for a positive outcome in tourism. We are going to work closely with travel trade to enhance the brand image of India as a secure tourist destination. That is our numero uno action plan right now” Whatever be the action plan of MoT, the tourism sector has to sustain the hard blow of terrorism. The terror attacks can happen anywhere in the world. It should be realized that the impact of terrorism on tourism is not limited to the trend in arrivals in a destination immediately following the occurrence of an incident, but extends to the „reaction to the reaction? of authorities and private sector tourism enterprises to the threat of terrorism. For example, restrictions on hand luggage in airports or the requirement for biometric passports might deter tourists as well. With regard to swine flu, the advent of vaccinations should improve the situation. Government as well as private hospitals should be equipped so as to provide the correct medication in case of disease detection.
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN INDIA Early Development
The first conscious and organized efforts to promote tourism in India were made in 1945 when a committee was set up by the Government under the Chairmanship of Sir John Sargent, the then Educational Adviser to the Government of India (Krishna, A.G., 1993). Thereafter, the development of tourism was taken up in a planned manner in 1956 coinciding with the Second Five Year Plan. The approach has evolved from isolated planning of single unit facilities in the Second and Third Five Year Plans. The Sixth Plan marked the beginning of a new era when tourism began to be considered a major instrument for social integration and economic development. But it was only after the 80?s that tourism activity gained momentum. The Government took several significant steps. A National Policy on tourism was announced in 1982. Later in 1988, the National Committee on Tourism formulated a comprehensive plan for achieving a sustainable growth in tourism. In 1992, a National Action Plan was prepared and in 1996 the National Strategy for Promotion of Tourism was drafted. In 1997, the New Tourism Policy recognises the roles of Central and State governments, public sector undertakings and the private sector in the development of tourism were. The need for involvement of Panchayati Raj institutions, local bodies, non-governmental organisations and the local youth in the creation of tourism facilities has also been recognised. Present Situation and Features of Tourism in India Today tourism is the largest service industry in India, with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDP and providing 8.78% of the total employment. India witnesses more than 5 million annual foreign tourist arrivals and 562 million domestic tourism visits. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the development and promotion of tourism in India and maintains the "Incredible India" campaign. According to World Travel and Tourism Council, India will be a tourism hotspot from 2009-2018, having the highest 10-year growth potential. As per the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009 by the World Economic Forum, India is ranked 11th in the Asia Pacific region and 62nd overall, moving up three places on the list of the world's attractive destinations. It is ranked the 14th best tourist destination for its natural resources and 24th for its cultural resources, with many World Heritage Sites, both natural and cultural, rich fauna, and strong creative industries in the country. India also bagged 37th rank for its air transport network. The India travel and tourism industry ranked 5th in the long-term (10-year) growth and is expected to be the second largest employer in the world by 2019. The 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi are expected to significantly boost tourism in India further. Moreover, India has been ranked the "best country brand for value-for-money" in the Country Brand Index (CBI) survey conducted by Future Brand, a leading global brand consultancy. India also claimed the second place in CBI's "best country brand for history", as well as appears among the top 5 in the best country brand for authenticity and art & culture, and the fourth best new country for business. India made it to the list of "rising stars" or the countries that are likely to become major tourist destinations in the next five years, led by the United Arab Emirates, China, and Vietnam. Tourist Attractions in India: India is a country known for its lavish treatment to all visitors, no matter where they come from. Its visitor-friendly traditions, varied life styles and cultural heritage and colourful fairs and festivals held abiding attractions for the tourists.
The other attractions include beautiful beaches, forests and wild life and landscapes for ecotourism; snow, river and mountain peaks for adventure tourism; technological parks and science museums for science tourism; centres of pilgrimage for spiritual tourism; heritage, trains and hotels for heritage tourism. Yoga, ayurveda and natural health resorts and hill stations also attract tourists. The Indian handicrafts particularly, jewellery, carpets, leather goods, ivory and brass work are the main shopping items of foreign tourists. It is estimated through survey that nearly forty per cent of the tourist expenditure on shopping is spent on such items. Despite the economic slowdown, medical tourism in India is the fastest growing segment of tourism industry, according to the market research report “Booming Medical Tourism in India”. The report adds that India offers a great potential in the medical tourism industry. Factors such as low cost, scale and range of treatments provided in the country add to its attractiveness as a medical tourism destination. Initiatives to Boost Tourism: Some of the recent initiatives taken by the Government to boost tourism include grant of export house status to the tourism sector and incentives for promoting private investment in the form of Income Tax exemptions, interest subsidy and reduced import duty. The hotel and tourism-related industry has been declared a high priority industry for foreign investment which entails automatic approval of direct investment up to 51 per cent of foreign equity and allowing 100 per cent non-resident Indian investment and simplifying rules regarding the grant of approval to travel agents, tour operators and tourist transport operators. The first-ever Indian Tourism Day was celebrated on January 25, 1998. The Year 1999 was celebrated as Explore India Millennium Year by presenting a spectacular tableau on the cultural heritage of India at the Republic Day Parade and organising India Tourism Expo in New Delhi and Khajuraho. Moreover, the campaign ‘Visit India Year 2009’ was launched at the International Tourism Exchange in Berlin, aimed to project India as an attractive destination for holidaymakers. The government joined hands with leading airlines, hoteliers, holiday resorts and tour operators, and offered them a wide range of incentives and bonuses during the period between April and December, 2009. Future Prospects: According to the latest Tourism Satellite Accounting (TSA) research, released by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) and its strategic partner Oxford Economics in March 2009: • • • • • The demand for travel and tourism in India is expected to grow by 8.2 per cent between 2010 and 2019 and will place India at the third position in the world. India's travel and tourism sector is expected to be the second largest employer in the world, employing 40,037,000 by 2019. Capital investment in India's travel and tourism sector is expected to grow at 8.8 per cent between 2010 and 2019. The report forecasts India to get capital investment worth US$ 94.5 billion in the travel and tourism sector in 2019. India is projected to become the fifth fastest growing business travel destination from 2010-2019 with an estimated real growth rate of 7.6 per cent. Constraints: The major constraint in the development of tourism in India is the non-availability of adequate infrastructure including adequate air seat capacity, accessibility to tourist destinations, accommodation and trained manpower in sufficient number. Poor visitor experience, particularly, due to inadequate infrastructural facilities, poor hygienic conditions and incidents of touting and harassment of tourists in some places are factors that contribute to poor visitor experience
IMPACT OF TOURISM IN INDIA
Tourism industry in India has several positive and negative impacts on the economy and society. These impacts are highlighted below. POSITIVE IMPACTS 1. Generating Income and Employment: Tourism in India has emerged as an instrument of income and employment generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human development. It contributes 6.23% to the national GDP and 8.78% of the total employment in India. Almost 20 million people are now working in the India?s tourism industry. 2. Source of Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange earnings in India. This has favourable impact on the balance of payment of the country. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. 3. Preservation of National Heritage and Environment: Tourism helps preserve several places which are of historical importance by declaring them as heritage sites. For instance, the Taj Mahal, the Qutab Minar, Ajanta and Ellora temples, etc, would have been decayed and destroyed had it not been for the efforts taken by Tourism Department to preserve them. Likewise, tourism also helps in conserving the natural habitats of many endangered species. 4. Developing Infrastructure: Tourism tends to encourage the development of multiple-use infrastructure that benefits the host community, including various means of transports, health care facilities, and sports centers, in addition to the hotels and high-end restaurants that cater to foreign visitors. The development of infrastructure has in turn induced the development of other directly productive activities. 5. Promoting Peace and Stability: Honey and Gilpin (2009) suggests that the tourism industry can also help promote peace and stability in developing country like India by providing jobs, generating income, diversifying the economy, protecting the environment, and promoting cross-cultural awareness. However, key challenges like adoption of regulatory frameworks, mechanisms to reduce crime and corruption, etc, must be addressed if peace-enhancing benefits from this industry are to be realized. NEGATIVE IMPACTS 1. Undesirable Social and Cultural Change: Tourism sometimes led to the destruction of the social fabric of a community. The more tourists coming into a place, the more the perceived risk of that place losing its identity. A good example is Goa. From the late 60's to the early 80's when the Hippy culture was at its height, Goa was a haven for such hippies. Here they came in thousands and changed the whole culture of the state leading to a rise in the use of drugs, prostitution and human trafficking. This had a ripple effect on the country. 2. Increase Tension and Hostility: Tourism can increase tension, hostility, and suspicion between the tourists and the local communities when there is no respect and understanding for each other?s culture and way of life. This may further lead to violence and other crimes committed against the tourists. The recent crime committed against Russian tourist in Goa is a case in point. 3. Creating a Sense of Antipathy: Tourism brought little benefit to the local community. In most all-inclusive package tours more than 80% of travelers? fees go to the airlines, hotels and other international companies, not to local businessmen and workers. Moreover, large hotel chain restaurants often import food to satisfy foreign visitors and rarely employ local staff for senior management positions, preventing local farmers and workers from reaping the benefit of their presence. This has often created a sense of antipathy towards the tourists and the government.
4. Adverse Effects on Environment and Ecology: One of the most important adverse effects of tourism on the environment is increased pressure on the carrying capacity of the ecosystem in each tourist locality. Increased transport and construction activities led to large scale deforestation and destabilisation of natural landforms, while increased tourist flow led to increase in solid waste dumping as well as depletion of water and fuel resources. Flow of tourists to ecologically sensitive areas resulted in destruction of rare and endangered species due to trampling, killing, disturbance of breeding habitats. Noise pollution from vehicles and public address systems, water pollution, vehicular emissions, untreated sewage, etc. also have direct effects on bio-diversity, ambient environment and general profile of tourist spots.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM IN INDIA
The tourism industry in India can have several positive and negative impact on the environment which are discuss below. POSITIVE IMPACTS 1. Direct Financial Contributions Tourism can contribute directly to the conservation of sensitive areas and habitat. Revenue from park-entrance fees and similar sources can be allocated specifically to pay for the protection and management of environmentally sensitive areas. Special fees for park operations or conservation activities can be collected from tourists or tour operators. 2. Contributions to Government Revenues The Indian government through the tourism department also collect money in more far-reaching and indirect ways that are not linked to specific parks or conservation areas. User fees, income taxes, taxes on sales or rental of recreation equipment, and license fees for activities such as rafting and fishing can provide governments with the funds needed to manage natural resources. Such funds can be used for overall conservation programs and activities, such as park ranger salaries and park maintenance. 3. Improved Environmental Management and Planning Sound environmental management of tourism facilities and especially hotels can increase the benefits to natural environment. By planning early for tourism development, damaging and expensive mistakes can be prevented, avoiding the gradual deterioration of environmental assets significant to tourism. The development of tourism has moved the Indian government towards this direction leading to improved environmental management. 4. Raising Environmental Awareness Tourism has the potential to increase public appreciation of the environment and to spread awareness of environmental problems when it brings people into closer contact with nature and the environment. This confrontation heightens awareness of the value of nature among the community and lead to environmentally conscious behavior and activities to preserve the environment. 5. Protection and Preservation of Environment Tourism can significantly contribute to environmental protection, conservation and restoration of biological diversity and sustainable use of natural resources. Because of their attractiveness, pristine sites and natural areas are identified as valuable and the need to keep the attraction alive can lead to creation of national parks and wildlife parks. In India, new laws and regulations have been enacted to preserve the forest and to protect native species. The coral reefs around the coastal areas and the marine life that depend on them for survival are also protected. Negative Impacts 1. Depletion of Natural Resources: Tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when it increases consumption in areas where resources are already scarce. (i) Water resources: Water, especially fresh water, is one of the most critical natural resources. The tourism industry generally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water by tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water. (www.gdrc.org/uem/ecotour/envi/index.html). In dryer regions like Rajasthan, the issue of water scarcity is of particular concern.
(ii) Local resources: Tourism can create great pressure on local resources like energy, food, and other raw materials that may already be in short supply. Greater extraction and transport of these resources exacerbates the physical impacts associated with their exploitation. Because of the seasonal character of the industry, many destinations have ten times more inhabitants in the high season as in the low season. A high demand is placed upon these resources to meet the high expectations tourists often have (proper heating, hot water, etc.). (iii) Land degradation: Important land resources include minerals, fossil fuels, fertile soil, forests, wetland and wildlife. Increased construction of tourism and recreational facilities has increased the pressure on these resources and on scenic landscapes. Direct impact on natural resources, both renewable and nonrenewable, in the provision of tourist facilities is caused by the use of land for accommodation and other infrastructure provision, and the use of building materials Forests often suffer negative impacts of tourism in the form of deforestation caused by fuel wood collection and land clearing e.g. the trekking in the Himalayan region, Sikkim and Assam. 2. Pollution Tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry: air emissions, noise, solid waste and littering, releases of sewage, oil and chemicals, even architectural/visual pollution (i) Air and Noise Pollution: Transport by air, road, and rail is continuously increasing in response to the rising number of tourist activities in India. Transport emissions and emissions from energy production and use are linked to acid rain, global warming and photochemical pollution. Air pollution from tourist transportation has impacts on the global level, especially from carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions related to transportation energy use. And it can contribute to severe local air pollution. Some of these impacts are quite specific to tourist activities where the sites are in remote areas likeAjanta and Ellora temples. For example, tour buses often leave their motors running for hours while the tourists go out for an excursion because they want to return to a comfortably airconditioned bus. Noise pollution from airplanes, cars, and buses, as well as recreational vehicles is an ever-growing problem of modern life. In addition to causing annoyance, stress, and even hearing loss for humans, it causes distress to wildlife, especially in sensitive areas . (ii) Solid waste and littering: In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment - rivers, scenic areas, and roadsides. In mountain areas of the Himalayas and Darjeeling, trekking tourists generate a great deal of waste. Tourists on expedition leave behind their garbage, oxygen cylinders and even camping equipment. Such practices degrade the environment particularly in remote areas because they have few garbage collection or disposal facilities . (iii) Sewage: Construction of hotels, recreation and other facilities often leads to increased sewage pollution. Wastewater has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist attractions, damaging the flora and fauna. Sewage runoff causes serious damage to coral reefs because it stimulates the growth of algae, which cover the filter-feeding corals, hindering their ability to survive. Changes in salinity and siltation can have wide-ranging impacts on coastal environments. And sewage pollution can threaten the health of humans and animals. Examples of such pollution can be seen in the coastal states of Goa, Kerela, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, etc. 3. Destruction and Alteration of Ecosystem An ecosystem is a geographic area including all the living organisms (people, plants, animals, and micro-organisms), their physical surroundings (such as soil, water, and air), and the natural cycles that sustain them. Attractive landscape sites, such as sandy beaches in Goa, Maharashtra, Kerela, Tamil Nadu; lakes, riversides, and mountain tops and slopes, are often transitional zones, characterized by species-rich ecosystems.
Cities of Maharashtra
As Maharashtra is a vast state, every region of the state has a few important cities and towns. On the western coastal part of the state, Mumbai stands as the most tempted city of India with its dazzling streets and glamorous lifestyle. A few kilometers inside the mainland is another lively city, Pune. This city is known as the Queen of the Deccan and the Oxford of the East. Because of its modern lifestyle and being a commercial hub, this city is a favourite destination for tourists. Aurangabad is the pride for central Maharashtra. This historic city has Bibi Ka Maqbara, which is also known as the Taj of South India. This city is known as the city of caves. The world famous caves of Ajanta and Ellora caves are in Aurangabad. While Nashik in the northern part of the state, is a holy pilgrimage city for not only Maharashtrians but also for the whole Hindu population of India. Kumbh mela is organized for every three years in this city. Down south, bordering with Karnataka is Kolhapur, the city of shoppers' delight. This city is known for its famous for its saaj, chappals, sarees, har and malas, mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, kolhapuri saaj, pohehar and putlihar. Then comes the city of oranges - Nagpur, the pride of Vidharba region. Nagpur is an important business city of Maharashtra. Amaravati, Ahmadnagar, Thane, Chandrapur and Solapur are other some of the important cities of Maharashtra. Mumbai Having pulsating lifestyle with full of vibrancy and fun, Mumbai lives with the spirit of the changing pace set by liberalization and modernization. Mumbai is the centre of interest for foreign investors. It has changed itself into a thriving market, and an MNC's heaven. Known as the fastest city of India, Mumbai is the only city where tourists can enjoy a fine nightlife. This is the place of beaches like Marina beach and Juhu beach, and one can also opt to see the site seeings like Gateway of India, Essel World, Mani Bhawan, Jehangir Art Gallery, Siddhivinayak Temple and Bollywood. Mumbai is also the centre for all glamorous happenings in India with a constant stream of performances in film, music, dance and drama. Mumbai also offers lots of adventurous and romantic activities through its nightclubs, pubs, theatres, beaches and restaurants. And don't forget to taste the mouth-watering Mumbai's own pau bhaji, bhel puri and kebabs.
Mumbai History After the death of Asoka, Bombay had been taken over by various Hindu rulers until 1343. Mohammedans from Gujarat took the possession in the same year and ruled for nearly two centuries. Then came the Portuguese in1534 and kept the name Mumbai Excursions Elephanta caves are in the magnificent Elephanta Island, which is 11 km from Mumbai. It has beautiful carvings, sculptures, and a temple of the Hindu God, Lord Shiva. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has been a commercial, military and religions centre for centuries
Mumbai Entertainment To take a break from the day long exhausted work schedules, Mumbai has lots of sites, which can give a breathing rest. Gateway of India is a popular place where foreigners as well Indians enjoy a lot in Mumbai. One can also board a short journey Mumbai Travel Tips The local trains along with the local bus service run by the BEST carry the huge Mumbai's commuters. Local Trains leave every few minutes from stations in both directions from 4.30 am to 1.30 am. There are also yellow and black taxis, which are a convenient Mumbai Shopping Mumbai offers quite wide ranges to the shoppers. Ranges are different, and there are places, which can be suited with every type of pockets. Chor Bazaar, Mutton Street and Zaveri Bazar are some of the important areas, where shoppers enjoy with delight. Phenomenal collection of antiques, jewellery, wooden articles, How to Reach Mumbai Being a metro city and the capital of Maharashtra, Mumbai is well connected to the rest of the world and India. International fights are landed at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (formerly known as Sahar Airport) while at Chhatrapati Shivaji Domestic Mumbai Accommodation Being Mumbai a metro city of India, it offers a wide range of hotels to tourists. One can find here budget hotels to star hotels with different levels of comfort and budget, which can fit with every pocket. All the hotels offer excellent service, comfort and cleanliness. For higher people, the Taj Mahal Hotel is near the Gateway of India Mumbai Tourist Attractions Gateway of India is regarded to be the starting point for most tourists who want to travel around the Mumbai city. This 26m-high structure has four turrets and intricate latticework carved into the yellow basalt stone. Mumbaites, as well as the foreign tourists come down Mumbai Fairs and Festivals Ganesh Chaturthi is the biggest festival in Mumbai. It is celebrated with great grandeur for 11 days in the months of October or November. Hindu God Ganesh is worshipped in this festival.
Pune
Surrounded with green hills and placid lakes and having a salubrious climate, Pune is known as the Queen of the Deccan and Oxford of the East. This cultural capital of Maharashtra is among the greenest urban areas in India. Being witnessed the ups and downs of the Maratha Empire and its great ruler Shivaji, Pune has lot to narrate about its historic past. Pune is now a center for Marathi theatre, education, crafts, culture and art. The city has one of the India's oldest universities that attract students both from India and abroad. In coarse of time, Pune is becoming a commercial hub for Maharashtra state next to Mumbai with the investors and MNCs showing interest to this city. Here, one can enjoy the narrow but historic lanes of the walled city as well as the spacious and dazzling streets of the new city. Pune offers both traditional Maharashtra as well as the up-to-date and lively new look Maharashtra. Enjoy! Pune Excursions Tourists can visit Panset Dam for water sports. Here one can try kayaking or wind surfing at the newly developed water sports complex. Special facilities for speedboats and water scooters too are available. Pune Tourist Attractions Osho Ashram, also known as the Osho Communal Centre is located at the greenery area of 17 Koregoan Park of the city. The Ashram offers a variety of expensive courses on meditation. Osho Ashram attracts Pune Entertainment Being a modern city, Pune offers a lot to culture and music buffs, food and fashion lovers. Discotheques and pubs are there in the Cantonment area. 'Rain dances' and beauty pageants are held regularly Pune Fairs and Festivals This is the most important and biggest festival in Pune. It falls on the 4th day of the bright fortnight of Bhadrapada (August - September). People buy Ganesh images to keep in their houses as a divine guest for five to ten days. Pune History Rulers of different dynasties have ruled Pune. Evidence found as copper plates of 758 AD and of 768 AD reveal that the Rashtrakootas ruled this region at that time. The Pune Gazetteer explains the term Pune as Punya How to Reach Pune Indian Airlines and other private airlines are providing regular flights to Pune from Delhi. Three different flights arrived from Mumbai daily. There are four flights a week to Chennai and Bangalore. Pune city is only 12 km from the Airport Pune Accommodation Puran Poli (a paratha stuffed with jaggery and dal), Aamti (masala dal), and Alu chi Vadi (steamed arbi leaves, fried in an unusual sweet and spicy masala) are the traditional Maharashtrian cuisines that are served at the Pune restaurants Pune Travel Tips
September to June is the best time to visit Pune. The winters are fairly cool and the monsoons have heavy rains. Visiting Lonavala and Khandala are best during this season, which is not far from Pune. Pune Shopping Tulsi Baug is a noisy and unorganized market area with temporary stalls and lined shops. But here, tourists can get household items; jewellery, Maharashtrians traditional wares, pearl nose ring, necklace and the nine-yard sarees from this busy market.
Aurangabad
This city is named after Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb. It was called Fatehpur before it took its present name. This city is gateway to the World Heritage Sites of Ajanta and Ellora caves. Developed as a modern city, Aurangabad provides all comforts and modern facilities. There are several luxury budget and star hotels, which caters the tourists of the city. Siteseeings at Aurangabad Caves, Bibi Ka Maqbara, Himroo Factory and Panchakki are always worth to be organized. Daulatabad, Khuldabad Anwa Temple, Pitalkhora Caves, Lonar Crater and Paithan can also be organized as excursions. Sunheri Mahal Museum, University Museum and Chhatrapati Shivaji Museum are three the museums in the city, housing art treasures of the region. Aurangabad Excursions This city is named after Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb. It was called Fatehpur before it took its present name. This city is gateway to the World Heritage Sites of Ajanta and Ellora caves. Developed as a modern city Aurangabad Tourist Attraction Aurangabad caves are just a few kilometers away from the famous monument of Bibi Ka Maqbara. These caves are believed to be excavated between 2nd and 6th century AD. Aurangabad caves are carved out of the hillside and are a fine Aurangabad Entertainment Aurangabad has number of art galleries; where one can hang out at the evenings and have a look at the exhibitions going on there. Aurangabad Art Emporium and Madilgekar Art Studio are some of the important art galleries Aurangabad Fair & Festivals Ajanta and Ellora Festivals: It is the festival of classical dance and music under the backdrops of the Ellora Caves. The festival usually falls in March. The festival showcases best talents from across India. Maharashtra government organizes Aurangabad History The name is derived from the Mughal ruler, Aurangazeb. Its ancient history dates back up to the eras of Buddhism, but the modern history of Aurangabad is traced back to 1610. The Buddhist caves in Aurangabad and Ellora are the clear How to Reach Aurangabad Aurangabad airport is directly air-linked to Mumbai, Delhi, Jaipur and Udaipur. The airport is conveniently located at a distance of around 10 km east of the town. Aurangabad is known to be the gateway to the region, as most of the visitors who are Aurangabad Restaurants There are different ranges of hotels in Aurangabad. One can stay at the government tourist lodge as well as private budget and star hotels. Hotel Taj Residency, Rama International and Hotel Quality Inn Vedant are some of the popular hotels in the city.
Aurangabad Travel Tips There are several government and local buses in Aurangabad for traveling to Ajanta and Ellora Caves. Private auto rickshaws are the easiest way to travel for local transport. But one can also hire cars and local taxis to travel within the city and Shopping in Aurangabad Aurangabad is rich in its culture and heritage as well as its art and crafts. Whenever we talk of shopping in Aurangabad, himroo shawls, mashroo and kimkhab weaves click on one's mind. We can't also forget the well-known fine paithani silk
Nagpur
Nagpur is one of the major industrial cities of Maharashtra. This district is famous for its orange productions. Many big and leading companies open their base in this city. Many businessmen come to this city everyday for this reason. As it is one of the major cities of Maharashtra, it is well connected by train, air and road with other parts of the Maharashtra state and India. Two flights are arrived and departed for Mumbai from Nagpur airport everyday. In Nagpur, visitors can enjoy the cool environment of Gavilgad Fort, which is 200-300 years old. Lonar Lake is the third largest natural salt-water lake in the world. Marbat and Ramjanam rath yatra are the local festivals, which are enjoyed by the millions every month. Visiting the city during this time is really enjoying. Tourists can also organized excursions for Adasa, Khekranala, Markanda, Dhapewada, Nagardhan, Nawegaon Dam, Ramtek and Pavnar. Nagpur Excursions Adasa is located at a distance of 45 km from Nagpur. This small village has a plethora of ancient and magnificent temples. There is also a Ganapati Temple here, which is worth to be visited. The idol of the Lord is a single stone, set up to facilitate Nagpur Tourist Attractions It is located near the hill station of Chikhaldara in Amravati district. The Hindu rulers originally constructed Gavilgad fort. It is located at a height of about 370 ft above sea level (MSL). Historians believe that it is 200-300 years old, although the fort's Nagpur Entertainment There are number of movie theatres in Nagpur. Here, one can enjoy Hollywood, Bollywood and Marathi films. Marathi theatre is known to be one of the oldest and well established of regional theatres in India. So, one can enjoy the taste of Nagpur Fairs & Festivals Marbat is celebrated only in the Nagpur region, especially in the Nagpur city. People prepare statues of evil forces and take out procession in this festival. These statues are burnt at the end, and assumed that all evil forces are burnt. It is believed History of Nagpur Gond prince of Deogad kingdom, Bhakt Buland, founded Nagpur in the early 18th century in the Chhindwara district. He tried to change the life of Nagpur as his new capital after seeing the advantage of civilized life of Delhi. His successor Chand Sultan How to Reach Nagpur Nagpur is connected with domestic flights with the cities of Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi Hyderabad, Pune, Bhubaneswar and Raipur. Nagpur's Sonegaon airport is nearly 8 km south of the city. Two flights arrived Nagpur daily from Mumbai. Nagpur Accommodation As the orange production of Nagpur are so large, many businessmen as well as tourists visit the city everyday. To cater this ever increasing need, many government as well as private hotels are opening day by day in the city.
Nagpur Travel Tips Winter is regarded to be the best time to visit Nagpur. But is advisable to carry cardigans as the temperature falls down below 120 C in December. It will be useful to carry a first aid box as well. Nagpur Shopping Nagpur being a major city of Maharashtra has quite wide ranges of shopping places. Street shops are there at major streets for fashionable items as well as the show rooms for the deeper pockets. Sitabuldi, WHC Road,
Nashik
Having many temples and pilgrimage sites, Nashik is known to be a holy city for Hindus in India. Nashik has always been the centre of commerce and trade in India since historical past. Many historic events of the Indian freedom struggle too had been occurred in this place. Ramkund, Muktidham Temple, Coin Museum and Pandavleni Caves are some of the important tourist sites of Nashik. Nashik is developing as a lively city with a blend of the ancient and the modern touches. The city has numerous forts, temples, historic sites as well as a home for industries. Nashik is also popular for fruit and vegetable productions. Grapes, strawberries and onions are amongst the highest in the country. Tourists can also organize trips to Shirdi, Trimbakeshwar, Dudhasagar Waterfalls, Saptashringi Devi Temple, Nandurmadhmeshwar, Bhandardara Jawhar and Nandur Madhameshwar Bird Sanctuary, which are not so far the city. Reaching Nashik too is so easy as the Nashik railway station is one of the major stations of the Central Railway. Nashik is 220 km away from Pune. Nearest airport is Mumbai or Pune with a distance of 175 km. Nashik Excursions Shirdi, a small village in Kopargam Taluk, in Ahmadnagar, Maharashtra is regarded to be an important pilgrimage place in India as sage Sai Baba lived here till his death. It is about 285 km, which is Nashik Tourist Attractions Chitrarao Khatarkar built Ramkund in 1696. This holy tank is 27 m by 12 m in area. It is believed that Rama and Sita used to bath in this tank during their exile. People bring ashes of their deceased relatives and immerse it in this holy tank. Nashik Entertainment There are number of movie theatres in Nashik. Here, one can enjoy Hollywood, Bollywood and Marathi films. Marathi theatre is known to be one of the oldest and well established of regional theatres in India. Nashik Fair & Festivals This festival is celebrated by giving tilguls and specially made sweet ladoos to each other and even if possible by flying kites. Makar Sankranti generally falls in the month of January. In typical Marathi the saying goes tilgul gya ani gaud bola (take this tilgul and be sweet and kind to each other). Nashik History Nashik was included also under Ashok's mighty empire. Later, Nashik district became very prosperous during the era of the Satavahana as it lay on the trade route to Broach (Gujarat). During Mughal period, the city was named as Gulshanabad appreciating its beauty. How to Reach Nashik Nearest airport is Mumbai or Pune with a distance of 175 km. Nashik railway station is one of the
major stations of the Central Railway. There are a number of trains that connect Nashik to other cities and towns. Nashik Accommodation As a pilgrimage holy city, Nashik is not lacked with visitors. So, one can find good ranges of hotels here as well. A range of accommodation is available from the upper end to small local dharamshalas (guest houses) in Nashik. Nashik Travel Tips Tourist can comfortably use taxis, tourist cars, auto-rickshaws and vans, which are ideal for local transport. Nashik Shopping Nashik is known to be a religious city. Kumb Mela is organized here for every three years in the city. Little brass statues and beaded necklaces are available everywhere. Nashik is popular for its jewellery as well. Adgaonkar Bandhu, Adgaonkar Saraf,
Kolhapur
Kolhapur is one of the cities, which are worth to be visited in Maharashtra. There are number of forts in this old city. Descended from its historic events, the city has many historical monuments and sites. During the periods of Satavahana kings and the Shilaharas, the magnificent temples of Kolhapur were constructed. Kolhapur has number of tourist sites. The architecture of New Palace offers the visitors a combination of Jain and Hindu influences from Gujarat and Rajasthan, and local Rajwada style. Chhatrapati Sahu Museum in the palace is also worth to visit. Rankala Lake, Old Palace, Town Hall Museum and Mahalaxmi are other sites, which are worth to visit. One can also organize excursions to Panhala, Vishalgad, Bhudargad, Paargad, Narasimha Wadi, Giroli Tourist Park, Dajipur Bison Sanctuary and Amboli, which are not so far from Kolhapur. As far as shopping in Kolhapur is concerned, the city can be called as shoppers' delight. The city is famous for its Kolhapuri saaj, Kolhapuri chappals and Kolhapuri sarees. Har and malas, mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, kolhapuri saaj, pohehar and putlihar are the jewelleries, which can attract that tourists' eye. As Kolhapur is situated in higher altitude, normally it prevails cool weather. The city is well connected by road, air and train. While the mouth watering hot Kolhapuri cuisines are always to be tasted once.
Thane
Thane is a northern district of Konkan Maharashtra. Known as 'Cacade De Tana', its original name is Sristhanaka, named after Lord Ganpati. Best time to visit the city is November to March. Being a residential suburb of Mumbai, Thane has number of large industrial complexes of chemicals, engineering products, and textiles. There are several historical buildings, including a fort and several churches.
How Reach Thane Nearest airport is at Mumbai (25 km) and the international airport 35 km from the main down town Mumbai. Thane has a railway station and many trains pass connecting it with the major cities of Maharashtra. It is well connected by road as well. Accommodations Government and private hotels are available at Thane. General Information Population: 803,389 (1991 census) Climate: Tropical Summer: 32.37°C to 34.57°C Rainfall: 250 - 300 mm Clothing: Light cotton Nearby Cities Bassein (Vasai): 48 km Titwala: 110 km
Ratnagiri
Ratnagiri is located on the southwestern part of Maharashtra on the Arabian Sea Coast. It is surrounded by beautiful hills of Sahyadri ranges. It was once the administrative capital of Bijapur rulers. It came under the control of Satara kings in 1731. Ratnagiri was surrendered to the British in 1818. A fort was built during the Bijapur dynasty and strengthened in 1670 by the Maratha king Shivaji, which is located on a headland near the harbour. It is one of the important ports of the Konkan coast. It has a palace where the last king of Burma, Thibaw, and later Veer Savarkar, were confined. It is also believed that the Pandavas having performed their pilgrimage on the 13th year had settled in the adjoining territory of the Ratnagiri district and when the Pandavas and the Kauravas had the famous war at Kuruskshetra, the king of this region Veeravat Ray had accompanied then there. Tourist Attractions Parashuram Temple, Pavas and caves of Chiplun, Khed, Dabhol, Sangameshwar, Gauhani Velgaum and Vade Padel are the main attractions of Ratnagiri. Ganapatipule Ganapatipule is about 25 km from Ratnagiri and around 375 km from Mumbai. The waters of Ganapatipule are crystal clear and pristine. The entire stretch of beach is covered with fresh greeneries. The roadside sceneries on the way to Ganapatipule are captivating with narrow roads, red soil, roofed houses, clean courtyards, innumerable fruit bearing trees and casuarinas lining. Ganapatipule is regarded as one of the most the important beaches of Maharashtra. Fine, sifted, silver sands, a gentle lapping sea, which soothes frayed nerves, attracts large number of tourists are the features of this beautiful beach. It is regarded as a beautiful seaside resort of today-especially for families in Maharashtra.
Sangli Sangli is a major city in Western India 390 km from Mumbai and 700 km from Bangalore. Sangli is known for its turmeric trade, grapes and sugar factories. Sangli is also a major education and healthcare centre. Sangli has developed itself as a is now a modern city with broader roads, major railway junction, cyber-cafes, hotels with multi-cuisine, very good education, healthcare, telecommunication and entertainment facilities. A Software Technology Park is being set up in a prime location of the city.
Tourist Attractions Gokak Water Falls It is at a distance of only two hours drive from Sangli. The best time to visit this falls is between June to October as there is plenty of water. There is a swinging bridge on the waterfalls. Sagareshwar Wild Life Sanctuary It is just 30 km from Sangli. Deer, jackals, rabbits, peacocks, wild goats, wild cows, leopards are the wild animals of this sanctuary. There are also ancient temples of Lord Shiva. Dandoba Hill Station Locating at the Miraj-Pandharpur Road, Dandoba Hill Station is just 25 minutes drive from Sangli. It is located around Dandoba Hills, which is a reserve forest area. There are also some historical ancient temples on the hills. Chandoli Forests Chandoli region, which is about 65 km from Sangli has animals like monkeys, deer, wild goat, rabbits, tigers, peacocks, snakes. You can also visit the Chandoli dam. In the rainy season, you find this place lush green with some small waterfalls. Audumbar Audumbar is a holy place about 25 km from Sangli city. A sacred temple of Lord Dattatraya is located on the banks of Holy Krishna River. Thousands of devotees from all over the world visit Audumbar every year. Mahabaleshwar It is just 4 hours journey from Sangli. Mahabaleshwar is also known as the Queen of all Hill Stations. This hill station is situated at an altitude of 1,372m in the heart of Sahyadri Hills in Satara District. Its name is derived from a Lord Mahadev temple and three Sanskrit words, Maha (great), Bal (power) and Ishwar (God). Some people also relate the name with mythological past as the name 'Mahabaleshwar' means mighty God. Bahuballi Hill Temples (Kumbhojgiri) Bahuballi is 50 minutes drive from Sangli. Bahubali Hill Temples are located 27 km south of Kolhapur, Maharashtra on the Bahubali Hills. Huge devotees thronged the temple to worship the 28-feet tall marble statue of Bahubali and visit the temples of the 24 Tirthankaras or saints. These hills are popularly known as 'Kumbhojgiri'. A Celibacy Resort was established in 1935 and named after the sage Bahubali who mediated here about 300 years before. Pandharpur Pandharpur is 4-5 hours drive from Sangli by road. This place is one of the most revered pilgrimage sites in Maharashtra. Pandharpur preserves Lord Vithoba's image in a grand temple. Vithoba is a form of Krishna. The name Vithoba means Father Vitthala. Vitthala is said to have been derived from the word Vishnu in Kannada. The worship of Vishnu - Vitthala at Pandharpur is derived mainly from the puranas and has been augmented by the contribution of the great Vaishnava saints of Maharashtra from the 13th to 17th centuries (Namdev, Jnaneshwar, Eknath, Tukaram).
Solapur Solapur is located at a distance of 456 km from Mumbai in Maharashtra on the banks of river Sina. This place is famous as a Centre for Jains. The city is located on major road and rail routes between Mumbai and Hyderabad, with a branch line to Bijapur and Gadag. Solapur developed as a commercial centre for cotton and other agricultural produce. Tourist Attractions Solapur is known for its historical, religious, industrial and commercial importance. Ground Fort, Siddheshwar Temple, Mallikarjuna Temple, Parasnath Temple, Adinath Temple, Masjids, Churches and Agyari are the attractions of this place. Akkalkot is considered to be an important center of Datta. The Vatavriksha Temple of Shri Swami Samartha and Akkalkot Swami math are important religious places, which are visited by many devotees. Phandharpur the city of Pandhavi Vithoba is another most important pilgrimage center for the whole of India. It ranks first among the fairs in the state with an aggregate congregation of four to five lakh on and Kartiki Ekadasi. How To Get There Solapur is 456 km away from Mumbai. It is also well connected by road. State transport ply buses from major cities of the state like Mumbai, Aurangabad, and Pune to Solapur. Accommodation Sholapur has good hotels ranging from luxurious 5 star hotels to budget hotels. Fairs And Festivals A fair is organized at Saint Nath Temple in the honour of Saint Nath. The fair lasts for 6 days from shravana shud 11 to Vad 1. About 20 to 25 thousand people attend this fair. Nandidhwaj procession on Makar Sankranti is also attended by millions of devotes. General Information Area: 14895 sq. km (district) Population: 604,215 (1991 Census) Climate: Tropical Rainfall: Average 897.8 mm Summer: 42° C to 28º C Winter: 27° C to 13° C Latitude: 17° 42¢ to 18° 32¢ Longitude: 74° 33¢ to 76° 54¢ Clothing: Light Cotton and Woolen in winter STD Code: 0217
Amaravati Amaravati is in the right centre of the northern border of the Maharashtra State. Lying at the Tapi basin, the city's main productions are cotton, jowar and tur (lentil) and oranges. Important Tourist Attractions Ambadevi Temple Situating in the heart of Amravati city, it is believed that Shri Krishna abducted Rukmini, from this temple, and married her. Goddess Amba attracts devotees from different parts of Vidarbha. Satidham Temple Situating in the heart of the city at Rallies Plot, the temple has beautiful idols of Lord Krishna and Radha, Lord Ram and Sita, Lord Ganesh, Lord Shiva and Rani Satiji. A fair is organized on the occasion of Janmashthami every year. Huge devotees attend the fair. Shri Bhakti Dham Temple Situating at Amravati Badnera Road, the temple has beautiful idols of Lord Krishna and Radha. There is also an idol of Shri Sant Jalaram Bappa. There is a small park for children behind this temple. Chatri Talao Situating 1 km away from Dasturnagar Square on the Malkhed Railway Road, it was built in the year 1888 on a small spring called Kali Nadi. This small reservoir was built to supply drinking water to Amravati city. However, Amravati gets water from Upper Wardha Dam now. A small garden and boating facility is also available here. Wadali Talao Situating 3 km away from the Amaravati Camp on Chandur Railway Road, it was built for clean and fresh water supply to Amravati Camp. There is a small garden with a zoo here. People usually come here during weekends and enjoy boating. This is one of the best places for kids. Around Amaravati Melghat Tiger Reserve It is located in Chikhaldara and Dharni tehsils of on the Satpuda hill range. It spreads over an area of 1676.93 sq km. It is one of the last remaining habitats of Indian tiger in Maharashtra. Wan Sanctuary Situating at Melghat area of Amravati district, it is an extension to the Melghat Sanctuary on the southeastern part. This area is rich in floral and faunal biodiversity. This hilly rugged terrain has tropical dry deciduous forests. Chikhaldara This sole hill resort in the Vidarbha region is situated at an altitude of 1118m above the sea level. This is one of the coffee-growing areas in Maharashtra. Chikhaldara is full of deep valleys with full of velvet mist and majestic trees. Having a wildlife sanctuary with abundance of wildlife, viewpoints, lakes and waterfalls, it is a very popular summer retreat.
How To Reach Nagpur is the nearest airport (155 km). Nagpur is the terminus of the branch line of Central Railway on Mumbai-Kolkotta main line. It is well connected by road with the important towns and cities within the state and outside the state. Accommodation Government and private hotels are available at Amaravati. General Information Latitude: 20° 32' to 21° 46'N Longitude: 76° 38' to 78° 27'E Population: 2200057 (1991Census) Area: 12,210 sq km Climate: Tropical Clothing: Cotton Clothes Nearby Cities Wardha: 77 km Nagpur: 155 km
Buldhana Bounded in the north by the Nirmur district of Madhya Pradesh, in the east by Akola district, in south by Parbhani district and in the west by Aurangabad and Jalgaon district, Buldhana lies partly in the Tapi basin and partly in the Godavari basin. Tourist Attractions Pilgrimage sites like Balaji Temple at Deulgaon and Raja Sailana Shah Miya Dargha at Pimpalgaon, Sari village are the main attractions of Buldhana. Lakhuji Jadhav's palace is important place in Shinkhed. Sarkarwada, Rameshwar Mandir, Nilakanteshwar Mandir, Samadhi of Jadhav's family, Renuka Temple, Bal Samudra and Lonar Lake, Palasi Siddha Math are other places of interest. Around Buldhana Lonar Crater There is a huge crater in Lonar. It is believed that it was formed 50,000 years ago by the impact of a huge meteor that descended on earth. The depression is roughly 7 km in circumstance and 1.8 km in diameter. It is the largest and oldest meteoric crater in the world, ante-dating its nearest rival, the Canyon-Diabolo of Arizona in the United States by a clear 230 centuries. Shegaon There is samadhi for Samadhi of Shri Gajanan Maharaj. A large number of the pilgrims from all over Maharashtra visit this Samadhi to pay respect. How To Reach Nearest airport is at Aurangabad. Buldhana is well connected by road as well.
Chandrapur Chandrapur city is located on south central region of India in Maharashtra state. Chandrapur has a population of approx 3.75 lakhs. It is about 150 km from Nagpur, which is two and a half hours' journey by rail on Delhi-Madras route via Nagpur. Nearest airport is at Sonegaon (140 km) from the city. Having Super Thermal Power Station, the largest one in India, Chandrapur city is enriched with different minerals. Coal, Timbers, Tendu Leaves and other forest produces are main resources of this region. Summers are very hot and winters are chilly. Tourist Attractions Tadoba National Park and Andhari Tiger Project (45 km away) are the places of interests around Chandrapur city. Ramala Talav Garden is newly developed place for all ages, especially for kids. Sri Mahakali Temple, Jain Temple at Bhadrawati, and Somnath are famous worship places of this city Ancient Caves There are nine ancient caves dating back to the eighth century in Chandrapur. It is believed that the caves were first carved out somewhere during the 8th century. Buddhist monks later used these caves. A large number of Buddhist sculptures can be seen engraved in these caves. Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary spreads over an area of 134.78 sq km. The main attraction of this sanctuary is Giant Indian Squirrels. Best Time to visit this sanctuary is February to May. Prashand Dham at Chaprala, Chaprala Temple, and Markanda Temple are not far from this sanctuary. Nearest railway station is at Ballarpur (70 km) on Delhi Madras main line, while nearest airport is at Sonegaon Nagpur (243 km) via Chandrapur. Nearest bus station is at Chandrapur (85 km). Jalgaon Jalgaon is located at the Northwest part of Maharashtra. Patnadevi, Omkareshwar Mandir, Ecchapurti Ganesh Temple are the main attractions. This place is a major centre for trade and agriculture. Best time to visit is October to February. The World famous Ajanta cave is only 50 km away from here. Tourist Attractions Patnadevi This birthplace of great scientist Bhaskaracharya has many ancient religious places. Omkareshwar Mandir This Lord Shiva temple is the most famous and beautiful temple in Jalgaon. Shivratri, Shravni Somvar, Ramnavmi, Gokulashtami are the biggest festivals celebrated in this temple. Ecchapurti Ganesh Temple This temple is situated at Navi Peth, near Balaji Sweet Mart in Jalgaon. On every Ganesh Chaturthi
many devotees visit this temple. Mahatma Gandhi Garden Having many different flowers and spreading over a vast area, Mahatma Gandhi Garden is a beautiful garden located near New Bus stand. Mehrun (Park) Mehrun is one of the oldest parks located in the centre of the city on Shirsholi road. Late Shri Prithvirajji Kapoor (renowned film artist) inaugurated the park. This park is a perfect site for Sunday hangouts. J.K Park Rabbits, parrots, types of sparrows are among the main attractions of the park. Mehrun Talaav (pond) is another attraction of the place. The pond is so cool. Water in this pond is always full throughout the year. Around Jalgaon Padmalaya Also known as Prabhakshetra, this religious place is located in Erandol Taluka about 4.8 km from Erandol. It is famous for the temples of Lord Ganapati and Hanuman. Swinging Towers of Farkande Locating at a distance of 16 km from Erandol on the bank of Utawadi River, Swinging Towers are a real great example of old day's construction technique. This tower is 15m high and it is believed that it was constructed 250 years ago. How To Reach Nearest railway station is at Bhusawal (25 km). State transport plies buses to Jalgaon from almost all the important cities of the state. Accommodation Jalgaon has well equipped with excellent accommodations. General Information Population: 368579 (1991 Census) Climate: Tropical Temperature Range (Deg °C) Maximum Minimum Summer: 45° C 29º C Winter: 26° C 6º C Clothing: Cotton STD Code: 03566/0257 Nearby Cities Ajanta: 50 km Bhuswal: 25 km Burhanpur (Madhya Pradesh): 79 km Aurangabad: 153 km
Deccan Odyssey
Maharsahtra is gifted with vast landmass and diverse physical features by the nature. It is the place of shrines and beaches. This land of great Marathas has lots of things to see. Deccan Odyssey is an effort to provide a royal and lavish visit of famous tourists attractions of the state to tourists. The odyssey also covers the sultry state of Goa. The effort is to give the tourists king or queen's delight while traveling. It is developed on the lines of European Orient Express or the palace of Rajasthan. The odyssey provides imperial magnificence as well as modern comforts, transport tourists to the heaven of tranquil beaches, astonishing forts and palaces, and divine tales engraved in gigantic rocks. Deccan Odyssey starts from Mumbai and drops there on the eighth day covering a number of striking destinations of Maharashtra and Goa. The sparkling backwaters of the Rai Bhatgaon Jetty and stately Jaigad Fort perched on the majestic mountains; the breathtaking views of the ocean, virgin beaches, and beautiful sculptures of Ajanta and Ellora caves are the important sites it covers. The Deccan Odyssey Magic is studded with exotic foods and delightful epicurean experiences. Deccan Odyssey has all the facilities of a luxurious five-star hotel including mobile phone connectivity and color television in all the cabins. The train has capable of running at a speed of 110 km per hour. However, it would maintain 75 to 80 km/h. Enjoy the odyssey and add another memorable journey to your life. Coaches And Saloons The Deccan Odyssey has 13 fully air-conditioned deluxe saloons, each a combination of 4 twinbedded chambers with channel music, intercom, CD/MP3 player, attached toilets, running hot and cold water, shower, wall-to-wall carpeting and other amenities. Facilities on Board The journey aims to give the tourists a royal treat kings, queens, princesses and prince throughout the week and make their experience as ecstatic as possible. General Information Passenger reservations/cancellation on the Deccan Odyssey may be done as per the following terms and conditions. Tariff Plan Know about the tariff and fare of the Deccan Odyssey luxury train. Deccan Odyssey Itinerary Deccan Odyssey is an exotic royal traveling experience offered by the Maharashtra Tourism. This eight-day tour is not only a traveling package but also a lifetime experience that offers a complete introduction to this colourful state. The journey starts from the Chhatrapati Shivaji terminus on the firstday. Deccan Odyssey Day 1 Deccan Odyssey is an exotic royal traveling experience offered by the Maharashtra Tourism. This eight-day tour is not only a traveling package but also a lifetime experience that offers a complete
introduction to this colourful state. The journey starts from the Chhatrapati Shivaji terminus on the first day. The next day the tour offers the exotic locations of Jaigadh, Ganapatipule, Ratnagiri, and Bhatye Beach. While the third day is for Sindhudurg, Tarkarli, and Sawantwadi. The fourth day is more interesting as the journey touches the sand Goa, the sultry state of India. Fifth day is dedicated to the Deccan Queen city, Pune. The tour offers a complete site seeing of Pune city on this day. The sixth day offers Ellora caves of Aurangabad that have 34 cave temples dedicated to three different religions, namely, Hinduism, Buddhism & Jainism. Seventh day is for Ajanta caves and Nashik city, and the journey wraps up at Mumbai's Chhtrapati Terminus with a lifetime experience. Deccan Odyssey Day 2 Thursday - Jaigadh, Ganapatipule, Ratnagiri, and Bhatye Beach As soon as the train arrives at Bhoke Railway station in the morning, an air-conditioned bus takes the tourists to the Rai Bhatgaon Jetty for Back Water Cruise that takes them to the legendary Jaigad Fort. Tourists would also enjoy a ride along the delightful beach along the Konkan coast in a bus. Then it is followed by an appetizing lunch and free time to relax at Ganapatipule beach resort. After that, a bus takes the guests to the sight seeing tour of Ratnagiri town. The town is the birthplace of great Indian freedom fighter, Lokmanya Tilak. Here tourists would also visit to Ratnadurg Fort, Lokmanya Tilak Smarak and some time for shopping in Ratnagiri Bazar. Then they would board the train in the evening at Ratnagiri Railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 3 Friday - Sindhudurg, Tarkarli, and Sawantwadi The odyssey train reaches Sindhudurg Nagari Railway station in the morning from where an airconditioned bus takes the tourists to Malvan Jetty, where there is the beautiful Sindhudurg Sea Fort. Lunch is provided at Sindhudurg Sea Fort and tourists can take rest at Tarkarli beach resort. This is followed by a Back Water Cruise through the Tarkarli creek upto Kalse Jetty and a visit to Sawantwadi town by bus. Tourists will find a beautiful display of lacquer handicrafts, paintings and furniture at the 'Shilpagrama' (the craft village). In the evening, the train blows its whistle again from the Sawantwadi railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 4 Saturday - Goa The train touches the sand of Goa at Karmali in the morning. A bus would take the tourists to Old Goa to relish the beauty of Basilica De Born Jesus, Se Cathedral, Se Cathedral and the Church of St. Francis of Assissi. The tourists would also visit a mosque converted into an archaeological museum where Goan antiques are preserved. Then the bus would ride down to Panjim and stroll a while in the city and its market and have a hearty Fort Aguada Beach Resort. The lunch is followed by the visits to Dona Paula & 250 years old House. In the evening, the train resumes its journey from Madgaon railway station.
Deccan Odyssey Day 5 Sunday - Pune As soon as the train reaches Pune in the morning, a tourists bus would take the visitors at all major tourists attractions in the city like Mahatma Phule Mandai in the old central market, Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum that displays artifacts from 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, Sir David Sasoon Synagogues that was built in 1867 and Osho International Commune, one of the biggest meditational centre meant for spiritual growth. Lunch and relaxation is provided at Hotel Le Meridian. Again, tourists would be picked up for a visit to the Tribal Museum that has a collection of more than 2000 tribal articles that are both rare and precious. They would also visit Aga Khan Palace, a place where Mahatma Gandhi was locked up during freedom struggle and has now been converted into a museum dedicated to Gandhi family and Light and Sound Show at Shaniwarwada. Late in the evening the train departs from Pune railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 6 Monday - Aurangabad In Aurangabad as well, the train reaches in the morning. Then tourists would visit historical sites fort of Daulatabad, Ellora caves that have 34 cave temples dedicated to three different religions, namely, Hinduism, Buddhism & Jainism. This would be followed by lunch and cultural programme at Hotel Taj. The sightseeing tour also has Shivaji Museum that houses the armory and antiques from the great Maratha Empire, Aurangabad Caves No. 7 & 8, Bibi-ka-Maqbara, which is a replica of Taj Mahal, and some free time for shopping at Paithani, Himroo, and Bidriwork where tourists can look around for a perfect memorabilia, on its list. The train departs from the city at late evening from Aurangabad railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 7 Tuesday - Ajanta and Nashik The train reaches Jalgaon railway station in the morning, but breakfast is organized at Fardapur resort. Then they would proceed towards Ajanta caves, dedicated to Buddhism, which has some of the paintings and sculptures of superlative quality from the 2nd century. Tourists would board the train in the noontime at Bhusalwal railway station. They have lunch on board. The train arrives at Nashik railway station from where visitors you are taken to Panchawati Ghat and Sula Winery Yard, which gives you the opportunity to wine and dine at the winery yard itself. The train starts late in the night from the Nashik railway station. Deccan Odyssey Day 8 Wednesday - Mumbai As the train rolls down to Shivaji Terminus Mumabi in the morning of the 8th day, breakfast is served and the odyssey wraps up here.
Arts and Crafts
The expertise of the artisans of Maharashtra can be seen in the fine art and craft finishes. The fine fabrics of mashru and himroo are the clear examples of their highest level of weaving art. The fabrics which looks like golden cloth are regarded to be one of the finest of its kind. The high level weaving know-how are also evident with the paithani and narayan peth sarees. Bidriware is another well-appreciated craft of this state. It takes lots of skills and time in preparation. The district of Kolhapur gives two most famous things - jewellery and Kolhapuri chappals. Kolhapuri chappals are known for its quality, comfortability and low price. Then come the paintings of warli tribes of Mumbai. It is even compared to the famous paintings of Madhubani, Bihar. Bidriware The expertise of the artisans of Maharashtra can be seen in the fine art and craft finishes. The fine fabrics of mashru and himroo are the clear examples of their highest level of weaving art. The fabrics which looks like golden cloth are regarded to be one of the finest of its kind. The high level weaving know-how are also evident with the paithani and narayan peth sarees. Bidriware is another well-appreciated craft of this state. It takes lots of skills and time in preparation. The district of Kolhapur gives two most famous things - jewellery and Kolhapuri chappals. Kolhapuri are known for its quality, comfortability and low price. Then come the paintings of warli tribes of Mumbai. It is even compared to the famous paintings of Madhubani, Bihar. Kolhapuri Chappals Hand-made leather chappals and sandals of Kolhapur district of Maharashtra are world famous. These are popularly known as the Kolhapuri chappals, and known for its simple styles, quality of leather and design. Different artisans all over the district make these chappals. Bhausinji Road of Kolhapur is known for its good variety of Kolhapuri chappals and other leather goods. Mahadwar and Shivaji roads are good places to shop. One can also buy around the bus station in the Rajarampuri area. Shetkaari Bazaar is the cheapest place to shop, and is popular amongst the villagers of the surrounding villagers. Kolhapur Jewellery Most of the Maharashtrian jewelleries are derived from the legacies of Maratha and Peshwa dynasties. Kolhapur is famous for its special type of necklace called Kolhapur saaj. This jewellery is very much special for Maharashtrian women. Har and malas, mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, kolhapuri saaj, pohehar and putlihar are the jewelleries that are made in Kolhapur.
Mashru and Himroo Himroo, also known as kum khuab is a distinctive, luxurious fabric, once used as dress material by the nobles of the olden days. The district of Aurangabad is popular because of these fine fabrics. These fabrics are made of cotton and silk using a special loom. The original form is made of silver and gold, and the threads of silver and gold were so fine that the final cloth is appeared like gold cloth. In coarse of time, the original hand weaving fabric has changed to machine made. But a workshop in Aurangabad's Zaffar gate is continuing the conventional style of hand weaving. The workshop also maintains a show room to showcase these products. Here, one can see and shop Himru shawls and sarees. Bold patterns and colours are the specialities of Mashru fabrics. It is said that Marco Polo has been gifted a fabric woven in silk and gold threads.
Narayan Peth Saree Narayan Peth saree is very much popular in and around Sholapur district of Maharashtra. It is the favourite for the women of this district. It is a traditionally Maharashtrian saree that weaves mainly in this district only. Narayan Peth saree is made of silk fabric. It is designed with the contrasting zari border, which is generally with rudraksha motifs.
Paithani Saree Paithani saree took its name from a place called Paithan, where it started producing 2000 years ago. This saree is made of silk with an ornamented zari pallav and border. Traditional vines and flowers, shapes of fruits and stylized forms of birds are used as motifs in this saree. No mechanical means like the jacquard or jala are used to create the designs in Paithani sarees.
Making a saree is a long process; it takes a long time completing a piece. And it also needs lots of hard work and expertise to make this fine fabric. So, price of this painstaking workman ship is always high. Nearly a month's time is spent in completing a piece of simple Paithani saree, and from five to nine months is spent to complete its more elaborate (brocade) version.
Warli Paintings Warli paintings are the tribal wall paintings of the warli tribes of Maharashtra. Warlis are the largest tribes of Maharashtra live in northern outskirts of Mumbai. Womenfolks mainly do the paintings on the mud walls of the houses. Warli painting, which is compared similar to the famous Madhubabi paintings of Bihar, is traced back to 10th century A.D. But it was first discovered only in the early seventies. Warli paintings generally depict the normal life like images of human beings and animals, along with scenes from daily life. They also depict hunting, dancing, sowing and harvesting scenes. White is the only colour used in creating these paintings, with occasional dots in red and yellow. This colour is prepared by grounding rice into white powder.
Maharashtra Religious Places
Maharashtra has many religious sites and pilgrimage places for different faiths. Nashik is the holy city for Hindus. Kumbh Mela is organized here for every three years and Maha Kumbh Mela for every twelve years. Mumbadevi Temple of Mumbai is a very famous temple known to all over India. Kailash Temple in Aurangabad is one of the oldest and best examples of excellent architecture. Pandharpur, Shirdi, Bahubali Temples are other the famous temples of Maharashtra. Hazi Ali tomb in Mumbai is over eight hundred years old and linked to the mainland by a path that is annually submerged in the high monsoon tide. Takhat Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib of Nanded is the most important Gurdwara in Maharashtra. It is one of the four high seats of Authority of the Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru died in Nanded and his ashes are buried in the Sach Khand Shri Huzur Gurdwara on the side of the river Godavari. Osho Ashram in Pune too attracts a number of devotees each year including a large number of them from the western countries since early 70s even though Osho expired in 1990. Mount Marry Church and Afghan Memorial Church in Mumbai are famous for their old and western architecture. Afghan Memorial Church The Afghan Memorial Church of St. John the Baptist, also known as St John's Church is located at Colaba, Mumbai. It was established in 1847 AD and consecrated 11 years later as a memorial to those who fell in the First Afghan War of 1843 and Sind campaign of 1838. The roof of the Afghan Memorial Church is built of varnished teakwood with hammer beam style ribbing, while the flooring is done with chancel made of encaustic tiles in-laid with coloured clay imported from England. The Church has a beautiful altar, tall pinnacles, 21 lancet windows with exquisite stained glass fixed in the triangular apexes, on either side of the nave. The remaining portions of the nave windows were fitted earlier with Venetians instead of glass, but it has changed with coloured glass windows. There are 30 lancet windows glazed with coloured quarries in the clerestory. At the west end of each aisle are triplet windows, one in the south aisle behind the organ is filled with plain glass but the one in the north aisle behind the side altar is a memorial window. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with all the important places within and beyond the state. To reach the church Taxis, city buses and local trains are available. Mumbai offers tourist a wide range of accommodations. Amba Devi Temple Ambadevi Temple is situated at the heart of the city of Amaravati, Maharashtra, which is 155 km from Nagpur. The presiding deity is Amba Devi (Goddess of Shakti). According to legends, it is believed that Shri Krishna married Rukmini after abducting her when she came to pray at the Amba Devi temple. The Goddess Amba is popular amongst the devotees from Vidarbha.
Ambarnath Temple Ambarnath Temple is on the Mumbai-Pune railway line at Akoli. Ambarnath Temple is said to be the only temple of its kind in India. The temple, which dates back to 1060 AD compared in the fascinating and delicate complication of design to the famous Dilawara Temples of Mount Abu. One can hardly or rarely come across a temple, which can compare even remotely with the Ambarnath temple. It is believed that King Mahamandaleshwar built the temple in the memory of his predecessor. Fairs are held once a year during Shivartri, and thousands of pilgrims flock to the temple on this event. Nearest airport from here is Mumbai. There is a railway station at Ambarnath. State transport plies buses regularly to Ambarnath from almost all important places in Maharashtra. The ancient Shivalaya of Ambarnath is also worth visiting. Anwa Temple Anwa Temple is located 10 km away from Golegaon near Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Presiding deity is Lord Shiva, and the temple dates back to 12th century. The temple has a sanctuary and a mandap (open hall) with decorated pillars. Anwa is a small village on the main road leading from Aurangabad to the Ajanta Caves. Anwa village gained importance because of Anwa Temple. The pillars of the temple has beautifully carved sculptures and decorated pillars. The temple has also images of Vishnu, Ganesha and other divinities. As Anwa is very close to Ajanta, it is very convenient to travel by road from Golegaon. Private car or taxi is the best mode of transport. For accommodation small budgeted hotels are available at Ajanta. One can also stay at the government guesthouse. Ayyappa Temple Mumbai's Ayappa Temple is regarded to be the only Ayappa Temple outside Kerala state. The original name of this temple is Mini Sabarimala Shree Ayyappa Temple. It is situated atop a hillock surrounded by hills and valleys within the area of NCH Colony. A tiny stream originating from the vicinity adds the sanctity and beauty of the temple environment. Ayappa Temple is a unique temple resembling the Holy Shrine of Shree Dharma Shastha (Ayyappa) at Sabarimala, Kerala, crowning the Western Ghats. This temple attracts thousands of devotees throughout the year.
Bahubali Hill Temple Bahubali Hill Temples are located 27 km south of Kolhapur, Maharashtra on the Bahubali Hills. Huge devotees thronged the temple to worship the 28-feet tall marble statue of Bahubali and visit the temples of the 24 Tirthankaras or saints. These hills are popularly known as 'Kumbhojgiri'. A Celibacy Resort was established in 1935 and named after the sage Bahubali who mediated here about 300 years before. This temple looks very beautiful and splendid. The scene of the forest and the village farms looks full of delight and beauty. People visiting these temples have to climb about 400 steps. A fair is held here on the 15th day of the bright half of the month of Kartak, on the 15th day of the bright half of the month Chaitra and on the 10th of day the dark half of the month of Magasar Visitors can take a train from the nearest railway station at Hathkalangad, about 8 km away, on Kolhapur - Miraj railway line. This temple is at a distance of 31 km from Kolhapur. There are steps for climbing the hill. Bus service and private vehicles are available. They go to the foot of the hill. The Swetambar Jain Trust provides accommodation for the devotees. Balaji Temple Balaji Temple at Nerul, Mumbai is the exact replica of Balaji Temple at Tirupati. This temple is built on the lines of Venkateshwara Temple at Tirupati and has been constructed according to the Shilpashastras. Others temples - Vidya Ganapati Temple, Shri Padmavati Devi Temple, Hanumana Temple, Vishvakasena Temple, Ramanuja Temple, and Lakshmi Nrisimha Temple surround the main temple. 'Bali Peetham' and the tall 'Dhwaja Stambham' can be seen as one enters the temple. Next to the Bali Peetham and the Dwaja Stambham, a flight of steps leads to the 'Tiru Mamani Mandapam'. The structure of the Mani Mandapam has been built based on modern architectural practices. The cement concrete surfaces are being dubbed with exquisitely carved granite stones. Behind the Ardha Mandapam, there is the 'Garbha Griham'. At the right foot of the lord is a small silver idol, which is called 'Bhoga Srinivasa' or 'Kautuka Bera'. This idol imbibes the essence of the Lord and is loosely bonded to the main 'Moolavar' idol by a string. There are also other idols like Shrinivasa with Sridevi and Bhoodevi made of 'Pancha Loha' known as Utsava idols (images for festivities). There are also the idols of Shri Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Anjaneya, Shri Krishna with Rukmini. Ballaleshwar Vinayak Temple Palicha Shree Ballaleshwar Vinayak temple at Pali, which is located 110 km away from Pune in Maharashtra. The temple, which was built by Nana Phadnis in 1770, was named after Ballal of Pali. The presiding deity is Lord Ballaleshwar (Ganapati).
Ganapati is known as Ballaleshwar here. The Ganesh idol in the temple is 3 ft tall. His consorts Siddhi and Riddhi flank Ganesha's image. The eyes of the Ganapati are studded with diamonds. There is also another Ganesh Temple, known as Dhundi Vinayak just behind the temple. The Peshwas in the temple installed a big Portuguese made bell. Nearest airport is at Mumbai. Tourists can also access this place either from Panvel or Khopoli railway stations. It is easily accessible as number of buses ply from Mumbai and Pune connecting Pali.
Bibi Ka Maqbara Bibi Ka Maqbara is situated 5 km away from Aurangabad. Aurangazeb's son, Prince Azam Shah built it in 1678 in the memory of his mother Begum Rabia Durani. This mausoleum is a replica of the famous Taj Mahal. Despite the layout and surrounding of the tomb is very much similar to Taj Mahal, somehow the architecture fails to produce the magic of the Taj. Hence, it is considered to be a poor imitation of the Taj Mahal. The chief architect of the monument is a Persian called Ustad - Ata - Ullah. The inscription on the walls of the tomb reveals that it cost precisely Rs. 665,283 and 7 Annas to build this monument. Bibi Ka Maqbara has four towering minarets like Taj Mahal. An octagonal lattice-screen of white marble surrounds the raised plinth supporting Rabia Daurani's grave inside the tomb. The tips of its pillars are made of red stone. The monument becomes so beauty when its reflection falls on the water as soon as the sun's first rays fall on it. MTDC organizes a fair every October as the Bibi Ka Maqbara festival. Aurangabad is well connected through air, train and road. Accommodation facilities are available at various hotels at Aurangabad.
Chakreshwar Temple Chakreshwar Temple is located at Titte, near Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Lord Chakreswar is worshipped in the temple. The temple is towards the south of Kolhapur. Visiting Chakreshwar Temple is regarded as a part of pilgrimage while visiting the Mahalakshmi temple at Kolhapur. The nearest airport is situated at Kolhapur, while nearest railway station is at Tette. The town is well connected by road as well. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Kolhapur.
Chinchwad Ganesh Temple Chinchwad is about 15 km away from Pune, Maharashtra. It is an old town, and one can find its references in Shivaji's and Peshwa's periods. The Ganesh Temple in Chinchwad is very famous place, and a Yatra takes place in the month of 'Shravan'. The 'Moraya Gosavi' temple is pride for Chinchwad. It is associated with the 14th century Saint Moravi Gosavi. The temple is a well maintained and is very old, and but it is known as Moraya Gosavi Temple. Chinchwad Ganesh Temple is situated on the banks of river 'Pawana'. The small ghat on the backside of the temple is very pretty and the quiet atmosphere here pleases the mind. Nearest airport is at Pune, while there is also rail connection. Pune being a major commercial city of Maharashtra is well connected by road with all the places in Maharashtra and other parts of the country. Dattatreya Temple Dattatreya Temple is located at Ganganapur, Maharashtra. The presiding deity is Dattatreya, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu Dattatreya. The shrine at Ganganapur is in the process of assuming the form of a temple. It is currently more like an 'Ashram'. The main gate faces towards the west and is built in the Maratha model of 'Nagarkhana'. A spacious mandap (hall) is provided for the gathering. There is a raised platform - the 'holy of holies' in the southern side of the hall. Dattatreya Temple has a very small room divided into two by a wall. There are two doors, and in the inner portion, there are the images of Dattatreya and the 'Nirguna padukas'- a pair of sandals. There is a very small opening in the wall in the form a silver-plate framework, which allows pilgrims to have a glimpse of the image. Some feet away is a door in the dividing curtain, where inside the sanctuary are the Padukas. It is these Padukas that are the object of worship at this place. It is a symbol of the constant and eternal presence of Dattatreya in his form as Nrisimha Sarasvati. Kailash Temple It is believed that the construction of the Kailash Temple was started in the mid 8th century under the direction of King Krishna I (757-775) of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. This temple is world's largest monolithic structure carved from one piece of rock and the most extensive rock-cut projects ever undertaken. Kailash Temple is situated near the village of Ellora, 30 km from Aurangabad. The temple is considered as one of the most astonishing buildings in the history of architecture. This is one of the largest 34 excavations at Ellora, which took almost a century. Kailash Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The idol measures 109 feet wide by 164 feet long.
Mt. Mary Church Mount Mary Church is one of the most important church in Mumbai. It is famous for its exquisite interiors. Mount Mary Church is situated on a quiet hillock in suburban Bandra. As the name suggests, it is dedicated to Mary. There are two statues of Mary at the Church, one inside the church and one outside. A festival called Bandra Fair of the Virgin Mother culminates in a weeklong fair in September. The fair is more like a small carnival, which attracts a huge crowd. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with all the important places within and beyond the state. The nearest station is Bandra. Mumbai offers tourist a wide range of accommodation. Mumba Devi Temple Mumbadevi Temple is in Bhuleshwar, Mumbai. This temple is dedicated to city's patron Goddess Mumbadevi, Mumbai's resident deity. Legends say the structure of the temple is about six centuries old and it is believed be the work of Mumbaraka, a sadistic giant who frequently plundered the city at the time. The image of the Goddess Mumbadevi is clad with a robe of silver crown, a nose ring and a golden necklace. To the left is a stone figure of Annapurna seated on a peacock. In front of the shrine is a tiger, the carrier of the Goddess. The Goddess personifies Mother Earth. It is still worshipped by descendants of the Dravidian population of western and southern India. The temple of Mumbadevi once stood on the site of the present Victoria Terminus in the central island, which was called Mumbai. The present name of the city is derived from the Goddess Mumbadevi. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road. The nearest railway station is at Marine Lines. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Mumbai.
Nageshwar Temple Nageshwar Temple is one of the oldest temples of Pune, Maharashtra. It has been there since the times of Sant Jnaneshwar and Tukaram. It is a general belief that there was once a reservoir near the temple. The water of this reservoir can cure leprosy. The main shrine has the typical Yadava structure with a stone roof. Several renovations and additions have been made the temple over the years. Pune is one of the major commercial cities of Maharashtra. So, it is well connected by air, rail and road with all the places in Maharashtra and other parts of the country. Tourists can access this temple easily. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Pune.
Osho Ashram Osho Ashram, also known as the Osho Communal Centre is located at the greenery area of 17 Koregoan Park of Pune, Maharashtra. The Ashram offers a variety of expensive courses on meditation. Osho Ashram attracts a number of devotees each year including a large number of them from the western countries since early 70s even though Osho expired in 1990. Facilities of swimming, sauna, tennis, massages, beauty parlour, basketball courts and Bistros are available at the Ashram. There is a rock garden of 5 hectares called Osho Park in the side of the Ashram. The nearby Nulla Park, also known as Osho Teerth is a beautifully maintained garden, transformed from a swamp. The garden opens for public from 6 to 9 in the morning and 7 to 10 in the evening. Nearest airport and railhead is at Pune. The city is well connected by road with all the places in Maharashtra and other parts of the country. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Pune. Pandharpur Pandharpur is located in a place, which is 65 km away from Sholapur on the banks of river Bhimarathi. This place is one of the most revered pilgrimage sites in Maharashtra. Pandharpur preserves Lord Vithoba's image in a grand temple. Vithoba is a form of Krishna. The name Vithoba means Father Vitthala. Vitthala is said to have been derived from the word Vishnu in Kannada. The worship of Vishnu - Vitthala at Pandharpur is derived mainly from the puranas and has been augmented by the contribution of the great Vaishnava saints of Maharashtra from the 13th to 17th centuries (Namdev, Jnaneshwar, Eknath, Tukaram). The temple with its vast area has a total of six gates. The eastern entrance to this temple is known as the Namdev gate. The sanctum enshrines a standing image of Vithoba also known as Panduranga, Pandhari or Vitthala. The image dates back to the 5th century. There are inscriptions in this temple dating back to the 13th century. Namdev, the 13th century saint was closely associated with this temple. Copper plate inscriptions of the Rashtrakootas place this shrine in the 6th century. There is also a shrine to Pundalik at Pandharpur. Shirdi Shirdi, a small village in Kopargam Taluk, in Ahmadnagar, Maharastra is regarded to be an important pilgrimage place in India as sage Sai Baba lived here till his death. It is about 285 km, which is 6 hours drive from Mumbai.
After his death, Sai Baba's fame has spread far and wide. Sai Baba believed and respected all religions. Samadhi Temple was started during the lifetime of Sai Baba, with a view to having a temple of Sri Krishna. But later, Sai Baba himself decided to live there. So, after Sai Baba attained Nirvana (eternal peace), His mortal remains were buried at the place. The articles and valuables, which were used by the Baba, are exhibited in a room here. Dwarkamayee Masjid is the place where Baba lived for almost for 60 years. There is also a place called Chavadi where Sai Baba used to visit every alternate night. Gurusthan is the place where Sai Baba used to sit under a neem (Margo) tree. It is said that the leaves of this tree lost their bitterness with to the grace of Sai Baba. Samadhis of Baba's devotees like Abdul Baba, Nanavalli, Bhau Maharaj and Tatya are also there in Shirdi. There are also interesting and holy places related to Sai Baba. Nearest important railway station is at Kopergaon, trains of major cities are available. The Shirdi Sai Sansthan provides boarding and lodging facilities but since large numbers of devotees throng the place, especially on Thursdays, one can find it difficult to get accommodation. But there are good hotels, which cater to the needs of all classes of devotees. Locals also let rooms on rent over here. Hotels in Shirdi: Sun-n-Sand Shirdi - Goradia's Hotel Siddhivinayak Temple Siddhivinayak Temple is in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Siddhivinayak Lord Ganapati/Ganesh is worshipped in the temple. The temple dates back to 18th Century. Vinayak is considered to be one of the Ashta Vinayak shrines of Maharashtra, celebrating eight instances of legends related to Ganesha. The present form of the temple was re-constructed five years ago. The temple has a Kalash, which is a pointed dome of 12 feet high Gabhara (sanctum sanctorum) weighing 1500 kg and plated in gold. So, it facilitates the 'Darshan' of Sri Siddhivinayak from either the area surrounding the Gabhara or the stage (Sabha Mandap) constructed to conduct pujas and festivities.
The idol of Ganapati is also called Chaturbhuj as it has four arms. A lotus is held in the upper right hand symbolises auspicious piety and a small axe in the upper left, a holy rosary of beads (Japmala) are held in the lower right and a bowl full of Modaks (a delicacy which is a perennial favorite with Sri Siddhivinayak) in the lower left. On auspicious Tuesdays, the serpentine queue of worshippers is over 2 km long. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with all the places in the state as well as the country. Tourists can take the city buses from any point of the city and reach this temple.
Takht Sri Hazur Sahib Takhat Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib is the most important Gurdwara situated in Nanded, Maharashtra. It is one of the four high seats of Authority of the Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru died in Nanded and his ashes are buried in the Sach Khand Shri Huzur Gurdwara on the side of the river Godavari. Different kinds of weapons of Govind Singhji's time are exhibited here. The Guru gave his last sermon to the Sikhs in this Gurudwara. The Gurdwara is beautifully architected with marble and golden plating. Corners of the roof of the first floor are decorated with domed kiosks on octagonal pedestals. The sanctum has marble lining decoration with inset work in floral patterns on lower parts of the walls and stucco and tukari work on the upper parts as well as on the ceiling. Nearest and convenient airport is Aurangabad. There is a railway station at Nanded. It is well connected by road with the important places within and beyond the state. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Nanded. Free lodging is provided at the Dharamshala, which is just beside the Gurudwara.
Music of Maharashtra
Every festive occasion is accompanied by song, music and dance in Maharashtra. Talking about the music of Maharashtra won't complete without the mention of Natya Sangeet, numerous folk songs and its great saint poets. Although music in Maharashtra like Marathi literature has an ancient tradition, the popularity of classical music in Maharashtra began through Gwalior. Miraj town of Sangli district is known as the 'town of music'. The world famous Indian musical instrument the Sitar is made in this town. Folk songs are an inseparable part of the daily lives of the rural Maharashtra. Folk forms like lavani, nautanki and tamasha music are very famous. However, a lot of these art forms are dying out as performers are finding it difficult to sustain. Amongst the saint poets, Jnandev, Namdev, Tukaram, Jani and Soyara are imorptant to mention. They believed in the fusion of Bhakti (devotion) with Jnana (knowledge). They taught to worship and merge into oneness with the God. Folk Music Lavani and Povada are the most popular folk songs that entertain the village-folks in Maharashtra. Bhaleri, a folksong is sung to cheer the farmers working in the field. They also sing special songs during the harvesting time. Village women of Maharashtra sing a folk song called owi at dawn describing maika, mother's home and sasural, husband's home. Suvasinis sing folk songs at the halad and ghana ceremonies in a marriage. Palane is a lullaby in Maharashtra to put a child to sleep. Artya is the folk song that appeases the wrath of deities to protect from diseases like smallpox, plague etc. Bhajan, Bharud, Gondhal, Kirtan, Lalita, Abhangas and Tumbadi singing are the other forms of community entertainments based on folksongs found in Maharashtra. Gondhal, Lalita, Lavani, Povadas and Tamasha are the other forms of entertainment that involves folk music in Maharashtra. Natya Sangeet Natya Sangeet is very popular in Maharashtra. It is sort of stage music that performs on the stage. It derives from the classical form of Indian music and presented on the semiclassical style. The tune is an amiable blend of deep classical strains and old-style musical patterns with recurrent rhythmic changes. Background instrumentation music rivets the composition completely in sync with the vocals. Narayanrao Rajhauns, popularly known as Bal Gandharava is the master of Natya Sangeet. An entire genre of Natya Sangeet rooted in Hindustani classical music is developed under him. Marathi musical theatre too is largely obliged to this maestro for his contribution in the field.
Poets of Maharashtra Jnandev, popularly known as Jnaneshwara, his sister Muktabai and his two brothers were all poetsaints. His great work, the Jnaneshwari is a monumental verse commentary on the Bhagavad Gita. He also wrote Anubhavamrita. Then came Namdev, who wrote in Hindi as well as in Marathi. Some of his Hindi songs were included in the Granth Sahib, the scripture of the Sikhs. Traveling all over Maharashtra with Sant Dnyaneshwar, Namdev taught people about deep devotion to God. Eknaath (1533-99), taught bhakti and jnana are like flower and fruit, inconceivable in separation. He succeeded the works of Jnaneshwar and Namdev. Eknaath edited the text of the Jnaneshwari as it became corrupted in coarse of time. He was both scholar and poet, and his verse exposition of chapter XI of the Bhagavata is as illuminating and as popular as the Jnaneshwari. He also wrote religious songs like Abhangas, Owees and Bharuds. Tukaram's, (1608-'50) secret peculiarity lies in the rustic simplicity and utter frankness on selfrevelation in his songs together with their profound understanding and ardent devotion. He wrote devotional songs like 'Abhangas' and performed 'Keertans'.
Dances of Maharashtra
Gifted with its rich culture and traditions, Maharashtra has different types of dance forms. Povada is the dance form that showcases the lifetime achievements of the Maratha ruler Shivaji Maharaj. Lavani and Koli dance forms entertain the Maharashtrians with its mesmerizing music and rhythmic movements. Dhangri Gaja dance pays respect to their God by the Dhangars of Sholapur. Dindi and Kala are the religious folk dances, which expresses of religious ecstasy of Lord Krishna. Tamasha is the folk dance that is so popular all over the state. Dhangari Gaja As the Dhangars of Sholapur district of Maharashtra herd to green pastures for grazing for their cattle, they become acquainted with the nature. Inspired by the scenic beauty, they compose poetry, called ovi writing about the nature and their God Biruba. They honour God Biruba once in every year when they return home. They spend their time with their families and beloved ones. And this is the time when the Dhangari Gaja dance is performed to please their God for His blessings. Dhangar dance is performed in traditional Marathi dresses - dhoti, angarakha and pheta with colourful handkerchiefs. Generally, during they dance, they move around a group of drum players. Dindi and Kala Dindi and Kala are the religious folk dances in Maharashtra, which expresses religious ecstasy. Young women perform a variety of folk dances known as phugadis on the occasion of Mangalagouri Puja as well. Farmers observe the Bharadi Gauri festival by singing and dancing. Hadga or Bhondla, performed by the unmarried girls or newly married girls is also an important folk dance form of Maharsahtra. Ghagar Phunkane, exclusively performed by women of the Sitapavan Brahman at the time of Mahalaksmi worship in the bright half of Asvin is another ecstatic folk dance. Dindi is performed during ekadashi day in the month of Kartik in Maharashtra. Dindi is a small drum used by the musicians during the performance of this dance form. The musicians in the centre that comprises of a Mridangam player and a vocalist, balances the rhythm of the dancers. When the dancers accelerate the rhythm, they form two rows, stamp their right feet, bow, and advance with their left feet, making geometric formations. The dance describes the playfulness of Lord Krishna. The Kala dance also showcases the playfulness of Lord Krishna. Beat and the rhythm are the main attractions of this dance form. A group of dancers form a double-tiered circle with other dancers on their shoulders. A man breaks the pot and splashes curds over the naked torsos of the dancers. The dancers twirl sticks and swords in a feverish battle dance after this ceremonial opening.
Koli Dance Koli is the dance form of Koli fisher folk of Maharashtra. The community has its own distinct identity and lively dances. The dance incorporates elements that this community is most familiar with - sea and fishing. The dance is performed by both men and women divided into two groups, where fishermen stand in two rows holding oars in their hands. The dancers move in unison, portraying the movement of the rowing of a boat. Fisherwomen are in the opposite rows with their arms linked and advancing towards men folk. The separate formation then break up and they dance together with movements symbolizing the waves, the breakers and rowing from cliff to cliff and casting of nets to catch the fish. Povadas Dance Povadas are presented in the Marathi ballads form. This dance form describes the events in the life of the great Maratha ruler, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha Empire, and did a lifelong struggle against the Mughals. By 1680, the year of Shivaji's death, nearly the whole of Deccan belonged to him. Shivaji was a great warrior and one of the finest rulers of India, so he holds the highest place in Maratha history. Maharashtrians maintain a high respect of this great hero and remember him through these ballads. Lavani Dance The word Lavani derived from Lavanya, meaning beauty. This form is a combination of dance and music, which is dealt with different and varied topics such as society, religion, politics, romance, etc. Attractive women wearing nine-yard saris typically perform the dance with the captivating rhythm of dholak. These women synchronized sensually to a catching tune and teasing lyrics. Maharashtra was once a battle torn state, and Lavana dance served as mode of entertainment and morale booster to the tired soldiers during the 18th and 19th century. The dance reached peak popularity during the Peshwai (a dynasty seated in Pune) rule, when it was given royal support by the ruling elite. Marathi poets like Honaji Bala, Ramjoshi, Prabhakar, etc. took Lavani to new heights. In the recent times, Lavani has become passé, mainly confined to sensual entertainment often presented in a stereotyped and cheap form in Marathi films.
Tamasha The word tamasha in Persian language means fun and entertainment. The tamasha dance form has been believed to be derived from the ancient form of Sanskrit drama - the 'Prahsana' and the 'Bhana'. Modern Tamasha troupes are of two sections - Song-dance troupe and Folk-drama troupe. Kolhati and Mahar communities are associated with Tamasha. The poet singers known as shahirs, composed many narrative and love songs for Tamasha. Kathak, kavali and ghazal songs reflect to any Tamasha performance. Tamasha is generally started with a devotional song and is followed by the dramatic sequence known as 'Gaulan'. Love songs like lavanis are the spirit of Tamasha and are very much popular. Musical instruments like dholki drum, tuntuni (a single string instrument), manjeera cymbals, daf (a tambourine-like instrument with a single leather surface), halgi (smaller daf), the metal triangle called kad', the lejim (an instrument with a jangling sound), the harmonium and ghunghroos (ankle bells) are used to increase the aestheticism of the dance.
Maharashtra Culture
As Maharashtra is a vast state, the people of this colourful state wears different types of costumes, take different cuisines, has different forms of dances and music according to the physical features of their locality. Generally, men wear dhoti and pheta in olden days, while women wear choli and saree. But with the change of time, young Maharashtrians too are fast attracting to the latest fashions imported from the western countries. The mouth watering Konkan and Varadi cuisines would kill any visitor's appetite. Although, Maharashtrian cuisines are a bit strong in pepper and spice, but it is the speciality of the dishes of this state that world knows about. And everybody knows about the unbeatable taste of the Mumbai chaats. The dance forms like Povada, Lavani and Koli with mesmerizing music and rhythmic movements entertain the Maharashtrians. Dhangri Gaja, Dindi, Kala and Tamasha are the folk dances that attach to the heart of the people of this state. Costumes of Maharashtra As Maharashtra is a vast state, the people of this colourful state wears different types of costumes, take different cuisines, has different forms of dances and music according to the physical features of their locality. Generally, men wear dhoti and pheta in olden days, while women wear choli and saree. But with the change of time, young Maharashtrians too are fast attracting to the latest fashions imported from the western countries. The mouth watering Konkan and Varadi cuisines would kill any visitor's appetite. Although, Maharashtrian cuisines are a bit strong in pepper and spice, but it is the speciality of the dishes of this state that world knows about. And everybody knows about the unbeatable taste of the Mumbai chaats. The dance forms like Povada, Lavani and Koli with mesmerizing music and rhythmic movements entertain the Maharashtrians. Dhangri Gaja, Dindi, Kala and Tamasha are the folk dances that attach to the heart of the people of this state. Foot Wear of Maharashtra In past days, generally people of wheat and cotton growing areas wear shoes, but were less common in the rice growing areas. Women go bare-footed, but sometimes have sandals in the past days. Boots and shoes in the European fashion are popular since British days in towns and cities, but their use is still confined to small number of rich persons, pleaders, young merchants etc. For the use of the common people, sandals and chappals of various patterns are the most common one in the state. Kolhapuri chappals, which are made in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra and its surrounding towns and villages, are famous worldwide.
Costumes Worn on Festive Occasions There is no special dress for any special holidays, celebrations or family get-togethers in Maharashtra. One can wear anything, which they afford to, and it depends on their choice and financial conditions. But generally, for ceremonial occasions men prefer to dress the spacious looking Indian style long coat, called ackan, and chudidar pyjama or survar. It is slightly gathered at the ankles-end with bracelet-like horizontal folds. A folded woolen or a silk cap and cadhav or pump-shoes perfects the ensemble. Women generally costly sarees like benaras brocade, chanderi, kanjeevaram and surat silka. Jewellery As Maharashtra is the land of Marathas and Peshwas, women wear traditional jewelleries derived from these two dynasties. Another very much popular jewellery for the Marathi women is Kolhapuri saaj, a special type of necklace. It is designed in other parts of Maharashtra as well, but Kolhapuri saaj is the most famous one. Different types of bangles like Patlya, Bangdya and Tode are the typical jewellery on the hands of women in Maharashtra. Maharashtrians fond of pearls are vivid in their Chinchpet (choker), Tanmani (short necklace) and Nath (nose ring). The Bajuband (the amulet) is also a favourite. Earrings with flower-shaped are a popular as well. Men Wear Men wear dhoti with a shirt known as the pheta in Maharashtra. They also wear headdress, which is a folded cap of made of cotton, silk or woolen cloth. It can also be a freshly folded turban known as rumal, patka, phet. Pagadi, the prepared form of turban was also used to wear, but it is rarely used this days. Bandi, a type of waistcoat or jacket is also worn over the shirt. Dhoti is made of cotton cloth, which is nearly two and half to three meters long, with or without borders on both the sides. A type of dhoti, which has five tucks, three into the waistband at the two sides and in front, while the loose end is tucked in front and behind is very popular amongst the Maratha Brahmans. For durable hand-made dhotis, Nagpur-made are most popular. But these are the traditional clothing, which were popular up to three decades back. Now the younger generations wear the latest fashion wears of any kind.
Women Wear Women in Maharashtra wear saree, which is nine yards in length and a short-sleeved blouse, which is also known as choli. The choli covers about only the half part of the torso. Generally, this is the costume of elderly Marathi women. Saree is known as lugade in Marathi. Its width is nearly 42 to 45 inches having two lengthwise borders kant or kinar, and also two breadth-wise borders, padar, at the two ends, of which one is more decorated than the other. Now, with the coming of new fashion, sarees of five or six yards in length have now become fashionable among young ladies in the urban areas. These are worn cylindrically over a parkar or ghagara, also called petticoat. The design of choli has also changed, and using of designer blouses, polkas, and jumpers are popular. With the impact of Bollywood and fast emerging trend of world fashion, women living in cities have become more westernized. Working women wear chudidars, pants, and skirts these days, which are more comfortable.
Cuisines of Maharashtra
Maharashtrians consider anna, or food equals to Brahma, the creator of the universe. Maharashtrians believe in offering their food first to the God as a thanksgiving. Especially on festive occasions, specific mithais (sweets) are offered such as ukadiche modak (Ganesh Chaturthi) and satyanarayan puja sheera. Maharashtrian cuisine has two major styles - Konkan and Varadi. A major portion of Maharashtra, which lies on the coast of the Arabian Sea, is called the Konkan having its own Konkani cuisine, which is a combination of Malvani, Gaud Saraswat Brahmin and Goan cuisines. The cuisine for the interior Maharashtra or the Vidarbha area is called Varadi cuisine. Maharashtrian cuisine is packed with the subtly flavoured vegetarian delicacies and hot aromatic meat and fish curries, while the crunchy, crisp sweets are made mostly from rice and jiggery are also their favourite. The Konkan food has a lot of coconut in it and strong in masalas, red chillies and coriander. The spicy Kolhapuri food emphasizes on mutton. The food of the Vidarbha region is prepared strong in red chillie powder and garlic. Mumbai has its own pot-pourri of dishes like vada pav, misal and pav bhaji, which are immensely popular across India. Konkan Cuisine Konkan cuisine is strong in spice, red chillie powder, corianders, and prepared with coconut oil. It is prepared using a deep purple berry that has a pleasing sweet and sour taste, kokum and raw mango as souring agents along with tamarind and lime. Konkan cuisine is of two styles, first one is Brahmin cuisine, which uses little spice and more of coconut based ingredients. Another version is known as non-Brahmin style, prepared with lots of spice. Konkan cuisine would find prepared with peanuts, sesame and coriander as the main spicing agents if one goes a bit further towards inland. Lots of charcoal grilled onions, which are either used chopped or ground along with masalas after being grilled are used in Konkan cuisine. Coconut is also used in various forms as raw grated, fried grated, coconut paste and coconut milk. Maharashtra Cuisine Maharashtrian cuisine is of two kinds - Konkani and Varadi. Despite its difference in style of preparation, both the style use lot of seafood and coconut. Peanut oil is the main cooking medium, and grated coconuts, peanuts and cashew nuts are widely used in vegetarian dishes. Kokum is the most commonly used digestive-appetizer and sol kadhi is served chilled. Butter fried and crisp bombil or bombay duck is the most popular seafood. Rice and bhakris are the main starch intake for Maharashtrians. Bharlivangi or baby brinjals stuffed with coconut is very popular. Maharashtrian food is incomplete without papads. Roti-stuffed puran poli, with a sweet mixture of jiggery and gram flour, and shreekhand is the most popular dessert in Maharashtra.
Food for Festival Soonth panak and sprouted chana usal are prepared for Gudi Padwa, puran poli for Holi, coconut potali in Haritalika, karanji and chakli for Ganesh Chaturthi, shankarpali, badam halwa, chakli and karanji during Diwali, shengdana chikki in Makar Sakranti.
Food for Weddings Vegetarian food prepared without garlic and onion is served on banana leafs on marriages. The menu includes vegetables in coconut gravy, green mango chutney, cucumber and peanut salad, rice, puris, golden dal called varan and a sweet dish like jalebi, creamy basundi or saffron-scented shrikhand. Mattha or coriander-flavoured, salted buttermilk complements the meal, and sums up with a sweet paan called vida.
Mumbai Chaat Mumbai has people with different working in different economy levels. Thousands of working families live on the diets prepared at street vendors. The most encouraging thing is these vendors even level with the taste of the expensive restaurants up to some extent. So, Mumbai's fast food vendors are no more restricted to bhel and pani puri; roadside snacks now sell dosas, pizzas, hamburgers, pulao, biryani and many more. Mumbai's unbeatable chaats include vada pav, sandwich, a light snack made of bread, zpudina chutney and fresh vegetables, pani puri, a light snack made up of puffed puris, sprouts and other spices, dahi batata puri, a good substitute for breakfast or mini meals during summer days, pav bhaji, mixture of different varieties of vegetables cooked in different style, missal, a spicy mixture of pulses, potatoes and other spices, bhel puri, a very famous Chowpatty chaat popular all over India, sev batata puri, a light snack made of flat puris garnished with mashed potatoes, chutneys and other condiments. If anybody misses Ragada patties at Mumbai Chowpatty, then he has missed everything.
Maharashtra Caves
Maharashtra is famous for its caves. The state has the largest number of caves in India. The caves in Maharsahtra are so old, dating back to as early as 1st century BC. Most of the caves were as the viharas (hall) and chaityas (pillared religious caves) by Budhist, Hindu and Jain priests. These caves showcase fine arts and crafts of the historical past. Ellora in Aurangabad district is the best example for the experiments that had carried out by Buddhist, Hindu and Jain priests in making these huge and wonderful caves. The sculptures in these caves are really fascinating. Ajanta caves are again a fine achievement of human architecture of the olden days located at the same districts. There are also other caves in this district, which area a few kilometers away from the famous Bibi-Ka-Maqbara. Then comes the UNESCO world heritage site of Elephanta caves. It is believed that the same team who had worked at the Kailash Temple at Ellora built the same Shiva Temple at Elephanta. Ajanta Caves Ajanta caves are at a distance of 99 km from Maharashtra's Aurangabad district. It is believed that Ajanta caves started carving from 2nd century BC and ended at 6th century AD. The entire course of the evolution of Buddhist architecture can be traced in Ajanta. Images interpreting the life stories of Buddha and animal figures were carved out from the huge rocks. Everything including the contemporary people, kings, slaves, women, men and children are seen in the Ajanta wall paintings interlaced with flowers, plants, fruits, birds and beasts. There are also the figures of yakshas, kinneras (half human and half bird) gandharvas (divine musicians), apsaras (heavenly dancers), which were of concern to the people of that time. The total number of caves including the unfinished one is thirty of which five (9, 10, 19, 26 and 29) are Chaitya-Grihas and the rest are Sangharamas or Viharas (monasteries). The caves 1, 2, 16 and 17 can be rated amongst the greatest artistic works of human art.
Aurangabad Caves A major chunk of the caves in Aurangabad are Viharas. Total number of caves is twelve; out of which cave number 3 and 7 are the most fascinating ones. Cave number 1 to 5 are in the western group and caves from 6 to 10 are in the eastern group. Tantric influences are noticeable in Aurangabad caves. Aurangabad caves are just a few kilometers away from the famous monument of Bibi Ka Maqbara. These caves are believed to be excavated between 2nd and 6th century AD. Aurangabad caves are carved out of the hillside and are a fine piece of architecture.
Elephanta Caves Elephanta caves are in the magnificent Elephanta Island, which is 11 km from Mumbai. It has beautiful carvings, sculptures, and a temple of the Hindu God, Lord Shiva. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has been a commercial, military and religions centre for centuries having traces of early Buddhist culture. The Elephanta caves date back to 9th - 12th centuries. With the Brahminical resurgence during the reign of Gupta dynasty in 3rd century AD, these great cave dedicated to Lord Shiva exploded into existence at Elephanta. According to legends and historians, great warrior prince of Chalukya dynasty Pulkesin ll raised the shrine to celebrate his victory. Some historians also suggest that the Kalchuri King Krishnaraja built these caves in 6th century AD. It seems that the same craftsmen and sculptors who had worked on the Kailasa Temple and other adjoining Buddhist caves at Ellora were employed at Elephanta. It is believed that the caves were used as target practice after they constructed a fort and put a flag to ward off pirates. Ellora Caves Ellora caves are in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. Ellora showcases the experiments that had carried out by Hindu, Buddhist and Jain monks some 600 to 300 years back. It is believed that the structures were carved between 350 AD to 700 AD. There are 34 temples in total carved out of stone at Ellora caves, which can be divided into three eras - Buddhist, Hindu and Jain. It took over five centuries in scooping out these monasteries, temples and chapels. The Hindu caves are a bit different from the Jain and Buddhist temples in creative vision and execution skills. Cave number 14 is a Shiva temple, depicting Him as a destroyer. The Kailasnath temple, which is in the 16th cave, is known for its audacious feats in architecture. It is said that nearly 200,000 tonnes of rock had been removed in carving out this temple taking nearly 100 years. Its area is twice the area of the Parthenon in Athens and is 11/2 times higher. Mural paintings are found in 5 caves at Ellora. Maharashtra government organizes Ellora Festival of Classical Dance and Music every year at these caves. Aurangabad is well connected by air, rail and road. Kanheri Caves--The location of the Kanheri caves is so green with wooded hills and valleys, and it is at a distance of only 42 km from Mumbai. The architectures of this cave are regarded to be one of the finest in India. According to historians, these caves scooped out between 200 BC and 600 AD. The whole complex has 109 caves cut manually on the flank of a hill
Karla and Bhaja Caves Karla and Bhaja Caves are located near Lonavala in Maharashtra. The Bhaja caves are regarded to be from the times of Hinayana phase of Buddhism, which is of 2nd to 1st century BC. These caves are also mainly Viharas and Chaityas and located just 3 km away from the main road amidst green surroundings. There is also a waterfall near the cave where tourists can refresh themselves with a dip. Lohagad and Visapur forts are not far from these caves. Karla Cave is the largest Hinayana Buddhist chaitya (temple) in India built during Satavahana's rule. Karla is the best example of rock-cut architecture, which is believed to carve out from a living rock. Some of its 2000 year-old wooden beams are still alive. It takes nearly 20 minutes to climb up the steep way of the Karla caves. There is a 45 meter (148-foot) long Chaitya, possibly the finest of its kind in the country. A temple has been built recently built at the entrance using pillars from the Budhist period. There is a sculpture of Buddha preaching seated on a lion-supported throne, which has magnificent carvings of three elephants. The pillars are adorned with motifs of elephants, men and riding women etc. Nearest airport is at Pune, while nearest railway station is Malavli. Lonavla station, 10 km from Kalra is the most convenient base for visiting Karla and Bhaja caves. Pandu Lena Caves Pandavleni caves are 2000-year-old, and it was built by the Jain Kings. It is a group of 24 Hinayana Buddhist Caves, which date back between 1st century BC and 2nd century AD. These caves are at a distance of 8 km from Nasik. Amongst all, cave number 3 and 10 are the best. Cave number 3 has a large Vihara with fascinating sculptures, cave number 10 is also a Vihara, but it is much older and finer than the cave number 3. It is believed to be as old as the Karla Cave near Lonavala. The cave has idols of Buddha, Jain Teerthankara Vrishabhdeo, and the icons of Bodhisatva, Veer Manibhadraji and Ambikadevi. These caves are popular meeting places for the disciples as well. There are also attractive water tanks that are very skillfully chiseled into the rock. Nashik is well connected by road and rail with all the major places within and outside the state. Pitalkhora Caves Pitalkhora Caves, which dates back to 2nd century BC are only 40 km away from Ellora caves at Aurangabad. One can see here many unusual sculptures like Yaksa figures. The main gate has a wide terrace, with the naga and guardians flanking the door, and a row of elephants decorate the complex. A stair directly connects the entrance to the chaitya. A group of viharas, a chaitya hall, and two smaller caves across the gorge with stupas consist the complex. Animal motifs, miniature chaitya windows, elephants, guardians, and yaksa figures can be seen as sculptures in this cave. The Pitalkhora chaitya is ageing, so the original pillars have been replaced with cement pillars to prevent a collapse. 5th century paintings can be seen on the surviving pillars.
Maharashtra Architecture
Maharashtra is famous for its caves and rock cut architectures. It is said that the varieties found in Maharashtra are wider than the caves and rock cut architectures found in the rock cut areas of Egypt, Assyria, Persia and Greece. The Buddhist monks first started these caves in the 2nd century BC, in search of serene and peaceful environment for meditation, and they found these caves on the hillsides. Later, Hindu cave temples at Ellora and Ajanta became finest designs of human art. Some of India's oldest wall paintings can be seen here. Maharashtra's famous rock-cut caves have several distinct design elements; even though sculptures of the time are regarded to be so stiff and unmoving. The Buddhist caves particularly the older ones are either temples (Chaityas) or monasteries (Viharas). Cave Architecture Maharashtra is famous for its caves and rock cut architectures. It is said that the varieties found in Maharashtra are wider than the caves and rock cut architectures found in the rock cut areas of Egypt, Assyria, Persia and Greece. The Buddhist monks first started these caves in the 2nd century BC, in search of serene and peaceful environment for meditation, and they found these caves on the hillsides. Later, Hindu cave temples at Ellora and Ajanta became finest designs of human art. Some of India's oldest wall paintings can be seen here. Maharashtra's famous rock-cut caves have several distinct design elements; even though sculptures of the time are regarded to be so stiff and unmoving. The Buddhist caves particularly the older ones are either temples (Chaityas) or monasteries (Viharas). Rock Cut Architecture Rock cut architectures are also found in the countries like Egypt, Assyria, Persia and Greece, but not so wide as the kinds of Maharashtra's caves. It is different as it is more of sculpture type than architecture. In this type, the visualized final product is carved from a huge rock. These masons are not that concerned with spans, forces, beams, columns, and all the other architectural features. But these caves serve the basic human needs such as a space for pray and worship or a crypt to serve as a final resting place. Elephanta and Ellora are best examples of cave architectures. The famous 6th century shrine of Shiva Mahadeva at Elephanta was made by cutting a huge giant rock that gathered over half a million cubic feet of rock. Kailash Temple at Ellora is another marvelous work of human rock cut art. It was not made by carving down into the face of a cliff and creating underground halls, but by setting aside all convention and created a full temple, identical in every detail to a structural built-up by carving vertically down into the living rock. The plan of Kailash Temple is fully equal in area to the Parthenon at Athens.
Maharashtra Forts
There are nearly 350 forts in Maharashtra, so it is said that forts are the glory of Maharashtra. Most of these forts are associated with the great Maratha ruler, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. It is believed that he developed as many as thirteen forts. Vijaydurg fort is regarded to be the best sea fort developed by Shivaji. Every fort has temple inside that was a powerful inspiration to the Maratha fighters. 510 km away from Mumbai is the famous Sindhudurg and Vijaydurg forts. This twin fort was constructed with the special guidelines from Shivaji. This fort is famous for its serene environmental beauty and its historic importance. Shivner fort is the fort where Shivaji was born. This fort is nearly about 120 km from Pune. Pratapgad fort reminds the fiery battle fought between Shivaji and Afzal Khan. One must see the 300-year old fine architectural fort of Murud - Janjira fort, Lohagad and Visapur Forts, Harishchandragad Fort, Arnala Fort and Ajinkyatara Fort are ideal for trekking. Adventure lovers must visit these forts. Ahmadnagar Fort Ahmadnagar Fort, which was built in 1490 AD, is located 1 km away east of Ahmadnagar city in Maharashtra. This 500-year old fort is circular in shape and has 18m high wall reinforced with 22 bastions. To keep enemy at bay, a deep trench was dug that surrounded the fort. First Prime Minister of free India, Pandit Nehru wrote 'Discovery of India' when he was imprisoned in this fort here in 1944. Leaders rooms are still alive inside the fort, where leaders of freedom struggle were imprisoned from 1942-45. Although, the Indian army occupies the fort, entry into the fort is allowed by signing at the gate. But photography is not allowed inside the fort. Ahmadnagar is in the central Maharashtra, which is close to most of the major cities in Maharashtra. Pune is 120 km away from here, while Mumbai is at a distance of 300 km. Its good location makes Ahmadnagar easy to reach both by road and by train. Good hotels are available in Ahmadnagar. Ajinkyatara Fort Ajinkyatra Fort is in Satara, Maharashtra. The fort is located at Ajinkyatara Mountain, which is 3,300 feet high. As the fort is in the higher altitude, visitors can enjoy a magnificent view of the entire Satara city. There are number of water tanks inside the fort for storing water. So, there is no scarcity of water even as the fort is in the higher place.Viewing the Ajinkyatara Fort from far Yawateshwar hill too is so nice. Main attractions of this place are hiking, trekking and mountaineering. For the best view, one must start breasting up the hill from the base of Ajinkyatara at around 3.30 pm.
In 1708, Shahu Maharaj won Ajinkyatara, remained with the Marathas till 1818. The Ajinkyatara fort is a major historic place of Maharashtra, and was very vital as one could keep watch of the entire South Maharashtra. Visitors can also visit the temples of Devi Mangalai, Lord Shankar and Lord Hanuman on the northeast side of the fort. Nandgiri and Chandan-Vandan forts on the east and Jarandeshwar and Yawateshwar hills on the west can also be seen from the fort. Satara is well connected by rail and road with Pune, Sangli, Miraj and Kolhapur. One can stay at the hotels in Satara. Arnala Fort Anara Fort is located at Arnala Islands, which is at a distance of 8 miles north of Vasai in Maharashtra. As it is surrounded on all sides by water, Arnala Fort is also known as 'Jaldurg' or 'Janjire Arnala'. Anara Fort is mainly on the north side of Anara Island. The main entrance is on the northern side, while the fort has broad and strong high walls with three gates. Steps are made that lead to ramparts (walls), so one can take a walk around the entire boundary wall. To allow entry in the small rooms and storehouses below, the ramparts have number of small openings in its broad walls. Villagers use some of these storehouses to store their paddy crop. One would come across a canon ball still stuck on the inner side of the west side of the wall near the temple. It is believed that Shivaji built this fort under the leadership of Kanoji Agare. Arnala Fort came under the British control in 1803 after Bajirao II Peshwa signed the infamous Treaty of Vasai. The fort also has a 'Shankar Temple' and a Mosque where religious festivals are celebrated every year. The villagers grow vegetables on plots inside the fort, as well as on the western side out side the fort. Bassein Fort Bassein Fort is located at Vasai, about 55 km from Mumbai, Maharashtra. Bahadur Shah, Sultan of Gujarat, built the fort. The main gate of this large fort leads to a small courtyard; from here one can climb the ramparts to take a look at the old structures, which are now in ruined conditions. Despite the fort is so old and in the condition of ageing, there are many remains, which are still livens the wonderful architecture of the olden days. Three chapels inside the fort are in the condition, which can be easily recognized. They have facades typical of 17th century Portuguese churches. The southernmost of these has a well-preserved barrel vaulted ceiling. Many of the watchtowers still stand so strong, with secure staircases. Bassein was ruled over by many rulers such as the Portuguese, the Marathas and finally the British and in the course of time Bassein became a flourishing shipbuilding centre and the famous Bassein stone was very much in demand. Chakan Fort Chakan Fort is located at Chakan near Pune in Maharashtra. The last Maratha-British war was fought in this fort. This fort was built keeping in mind that it might become a rare kind of fort in Maharashtra. The fort is in the ageing condition, which needs lots of maintenance.
One can also visit Lord Vishnu Temple in Varah Avatar near the fort. 'Varah' means pig and is the third avatar (incarnation) of Lord Vishnu, which is seen very rarely in India. These remains of the carvings are found in an ancient temple of Shri Chakreshwar, which is inside the Chakan fort. These carvings are really worth seeing. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road to the important places within the state and also within the country. Hotels are available in Pune. Daulatabad Fort Daulatabad is located at a distance of 13 km from Aurangabad. This fort, which was once known as Devagiri, is a magnificent 12th century fortress standing atop a hill. Daulatabad, which is constructed with excellent architecture, is one of the few invincible forts in Maharashtra. Mohammed Bin Tughluq, the sultan of Delhi gave the name Daulatabad 'The city of fortune'. Series of trick defense and secret escapes routes are the famous features of this fort. Jami Masjid, Bharatmata Mandir, the Chand Minar, Elephant Tank and 'Chini Mahal' or Chinese Palace are the important monuments inside the fort. Daulatabad Fort, which initially had stronghold of Yadav, passed through the hands of several dynasties in Deccan. Daulatabad is included on the MTDC tour of Ellora from Aurangabad. The hourly shuttle buses between Aurangabad can also reach the place and the Ellora caves. Hotels are available in Aurangabad. Gavilgad Fort Gavilgad Fort is near Chikhaldara hill station in Amravati district, Maharashtra. It is believed that the fort is 300 years old. Some beautifully carved idols, which is believed to carve during the period of the Nizams, when Elichpur was their capital are worth to see. Elephants, bulls, tigers, lions and Hindi, Urdu and Arabic scripts comprise the carvings on the walls of the fort. Idols of Lord Hanuman and Lord Shankar are also seen in the fort. 10 cannons made of iron; copper and brass are also there inside the fort. Gavlis, who were rulers of the shepherd community in the 12th /13th century built the fort. Then came on the hands of Gond community till the time they were defeated by the Mughals. The fort is at present under the Melghat Tiger Project. Nagpur is the nearest airport, 230 km away, while Amravati is the nearest railway station, 100 km away. Chikhaldara is well connected by road. Harishchandragad Fort Harishchandragad Fort is famous for its height, its toughness and the famous 'Konkan Kada'. Harishchandra Temple is known to be the pride of the fort. Sant Changdev stayed here for some time and completed his manuscript - 'Tatwasaar'. The Nandi and Shivling in the temple are breathtaking. A
cave nearby is always full of very cold water. Harishchandragad Fort is situated in Junnar region near Malshej Ghat. The fort is very popular to trekkers and nature lovers as it is one of the best forts to trek. Konkan Kada is a challenge for trekkers as it is at a height of 3,500 feet. Rohidas, Taramati and Harishchandra are the three peaks in Harishchandragad. Taramati peak is the highest one in the fort. Many peaks, fort and other beautiful places such as Malshej Ghat, Jivdhan, Nane Ghat, Ratangad, Kalsubai, etc. can also be seen from here. Lucky tourists can sometimes see like tigers, cheetah, snakes, swallow and flamingos, etc. Harishchandragad is must to visit to enjoy the beauty of forest, especially for the Konkan Kada. Nearest airport is in Mumbai (154 km), while nearest railway station is Kalyan. Hotels are available at Mumbai and Pune. Kandhar Fort Kandhar Fort is at Kandhar town in Nanded district of Maharashtra. The fort is encircled with a ditch full of water. It is believed that Rashtrakuta King Krishna III of Malkhed who styled himself as Kandharpuradhi Swar constructed the fort. The ruins of this majestic and historic fort are located at a distance of 50 km from the Ranthambhore National Park. Old Idgah is at some distance from the fort. Ranthambhore National Park is also so near from the fort. One can catch buses from Nanded to Kandhar, accommodation is available at the hotels in Nanded. Lohagad Fort Lohagad and Visapur Forts are situated atop an impressive hill near Malavali, 52 km away from Pune. These forts were built in the 18th century. A 1 km long ridge separates the two forts. These forts are regarded to be ideal for trekking and can be toured in a day from Pune. Lohagad, which is 3,400 feet high, is a very wide spread fort. Ganesh Darwaja, Narayan Darwaja, Hanuman Darwaja and Maha Darwaja are the four doors to Lohagad from the nearby village. A few sculptures are still visible on Maha Darwaja. Visapur fort, which is 3,500 feet in height, is situated between Lohagad and Bedse Caves. A huge cannon of 10 feet in length feet is the main attraction of Visapur, as it has an impression of royal crown. Vinchu Kata is the famous spot of Lohagad - which is a range of hills that looks like Capricorn. Pawana Dam can be viewed from the backside of Lohagad. Sinhagad fort, Tung fort and Tikona fort can be clearly seen from the Visapur fort. These two forts are historically very crucial and must be visited by trek lovers and history lovers. Nearest airport and railway station is at Pune. Regular buses and locals are available from Shivajinagar and Pune Station to Kamshet and Malavali. Hotels are available in Pune. Mumbai Fort An old British fort was located at north of Colaba, so the area north of Colaba is known as Mumbai Fort. There are a lot of imposing buildings from Mumbai's golden period
here. Among many, the St. Johns Church is a striking building in the fort area, which is worth to visit. The church has been dedicated to the warriors who laid down their lives in the Sindh campaign of 1838 and the first Afghan war of 1843. This area has now been established as a commercial centre of Mumbai. So the area is jam-packed with commuters, street stalls and the grand facades of 19th century British institutions and trading houses. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with all the important places within and beyond the state. City buses, local trains, and taxis are available for local transportation. Hotels are available in Mumbai. Murud Janjira Murud-Janjira is located 60 km away from Alibaug, Maharashtra. This small village is on the top of a hillock. It is believed that the rulers of Ahmednagar constructed the fort in the 15th century. Despite the ravages of wind and tide, the fort is almost entirely intact. This 300-year old fort is famous for its fine architecture. Since its construction by the Ahmadnagar rulers under the supervision of their regent Malik Ambar in the 15th century, any enemy never conquered the fort for over 300 years. Murud-Janjira is probably the only of its kind on the 720 km Maharashtra coastline. Murud is popular for its appealing beach, murmuring casuarinas, coconut and betel palms and an ancient fort. The shrine of Lord Dattatreya is near the fort on a hillock. The palace of the Nawab and the Janjira caves are also worth visiting. The beaches of Kashid and Nandgaon are in a few kilometers away from the fort. Nearest airport is at Mumbai (165 km), while nearest railway station is at Roha. Regular ferry services are available from Ferry Wharf up to Rewas (23 km). One needs to take a bus via Alibag and Chaul after Rewas. There are also regular catamarans from the Gateway of India in Mumbai going up to Mandwa. Narnala Fort Narnala Fort is located in Akola district in Maharashtra. The fort is still in a good condition. The fort is located amidst forest. The fort is well maintained and is worth giving a shot. Neglect of the Archaeological Survey Department is visible in this fort. The fort has a fortress wall and beautiful bastions. Akola is well connected by road with the important and big cities of Maharashtra. Hotels are available in Akola.
Panhala Fort Raja Bhoja founded Panhala fort in the late 12th century. This fort is located 18 km northwest of Kolhapur. It has connection with God Parashurama as well. Panhala fort, which carries a rich heritage, is the largest of all the Deccan forts. This is the only fort where the great ruler, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is believed to have spent more than 500 days. It was built between the 1178-1209 AD. The fort covers a vast area having huge boundary walls of over 7 km in length and a steep slope beneath. Three magnificent double-walled gates protect the entrance of the fort. There is a large amberkhana (granary) inside the fort, which has the capacity of containing 25,000 khandis of grains. Shilahara dynasty, Yadava and Bahamani kingdoms, Shivaji, Devagiri Yadavas, Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur army, Mughal Aurangzeb (1700) became the controllers of the fort from time to time. It became Maratha state capital under Tarabai upto 1782, and then British conquered it in 1827. Sajja Kothi - where Sambhaji was imprisoned, Ambabaji Temple - where Shivaji used to seek blessings before venturing on expeditions, Pavankhind - where Baji Prabhu laid down his life to cover Shivaji's escape, Someshwar Temple are also worth to visit. This place is an ideal for trekking as well. The nearest railway station is at Kolhapur, 18 km away. It is only 428 km from Mumbai. Pratapgad Fort Pratapgad Fort is a mountain fort built by Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The fort is at a distance of 24 km from the hill station of Mahabaleshwar. The fort holds a sturdy view of coastal Konkan. The Bhavani Temple and Afzal Khan's tomb are other places of interest. Pratapgad consists of two forts - an upper fort built on the top of the hill and a lower fort immediately below on the south and the east. Surrounding areas can be easily taken guard from the fort on almost all the sides. The southern side is rocky while the eastern side has a strong outwork ending in the Afzal Buruj. The famous minister More Tirmal Pingale on the command of Shivaji Maharaj to control the rebellious satraps of the surrounding Javali Basin built Pratapgad Fort in 1656. It is believed that Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaja was blessed with a shining sword at the temple of Goddess Bhavani here. The historic battle between Chatrapati Shivaji and Afzal Khan, the commander of the Bijapur Sultanate fought here. Bhavani Temple and Afzal Khan's Tomb are major attractions where are situated near the fort.
Purandhar Fort Purandhar Fort is located at a distance of 40 km from Pune. It played an important role in the history of the brave ruler of the Maratha kingdom, Chhatrapati Shivaji. Purandhar was the capital of the Maratha Kingdom, when it was in the budding stages for quite sometime. With the insistence of Jay Singh, Shivaji concluded a peace treaty at Purandhar fort in which he was agreed to pay visit to Aurangzeb at the Imperial court of Agra.
Raigad Fort Raigad was the capital of the Marathas under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Britishers named it 'Gibralter of the East' as the well-fortified structure atop a hill that had repeatedly defied attackers. Shivaji built the fort in the 14th century. Chit Darwaja, also known as Jit Darwaja is at the foothills near village Pachad. Khoob Ladha Buruj is a strategically located tower, from where any attacker from both the side could be defended. Maha Darwaja is at a distance of nearly a mile ahead after a difficult climb. This 350 years-old main entrance to the fort stands so majestically. Mena Darwaja is a special entrance for the royal ladies and the queens. Rani Vasa or Queens' Chambers is to the left of Mena Darwaja. The royal ladies were using these six rooms. In front of the Rani Vasa is the Palkhi Darwaja, special entrance for the convoy of Shivaji Maharaj. There is a row of three dark chambers to the right of Palkhi Darwaja. There is the palace of Shivaji Maharaj to the right of the granaries. Mahabaleshwar, Harihareshwar, Ganpatipule, Shivthar Ghal, Gandhar Pale, Torana: Nijampur Fort Mangad - Raigad Trek, Birwadi - Raigad Trek are the other attractions.
Shivner Fort Chatrapathi Shivaji was born in Shivneri Fort in 1627. The Fort is located at a distance of around 3 km from Junnar (125 km from Pune). Shahaji, father of Shivaji kept his wife Jijabai in this fort during her pregnancy, as the fort was unique and difficult to reach. It is easier to reach the fort by the normal road than to climb from the hills. One has to get through 7 doors before reaching the actual fort. This fort is a very big structure with a very good height. The old and beautiful 'Devi Shivai' temple is on the way. Shivaji was taken from the name of this goddess. Kaman Take, Kadelot Tok, Koli Chouthara and Dongarmatha (the top of the fort) are the other attractions near the fort. One can also see Khodad, Arvi and Kukadi dam in the same trip. One can take the bus between Shivajinagar and Pune to reach Shivneri. Hotels are available in Junnar and Pune. Sindhudurg Fort-Sindhudurg, Shivaji built this ocean fort in 1664 AD on a low rocky 48-acre island off the Malvan coast. Vijaydurg and Sindhudurg are twin forts from the days of Shivaji's time that is a historic place with its serene coastal beauty. It is believed that Shivaji personally
selected the site for the construction of the fort.
Hill Stations of Maharashtra
As the state of Maharashtra is the Home of Sahydri Mountains, the state has many appealing hill stations. The Britishers founded most of these hill stations during their colonial era to beat the scorching heat. But the beauty and the charming glory are still alive in these hill stations. The Western Ghats, which form a part of the Sahydri range, has also lots of beautiful hill stations. Hill stations of Maharashtra not only attract the foreign tourists but also Indian domestic tourists, which are exhausted with the fast urban life. Popular hill stations of Maharashtra are Matheran, Lonavala, Khandala, Mahabaleshwar, Panchagani, Bhandardara, Malshej Ghat, Amboli, Chikhaldara Panhala, Panchgani, Sawantwadi, Toranmal, and Jawahar. It is said that each hill station of Maharashtra has unique characteristic and its closeness to a city makes it very popular. Amboli Hill Station Amboli is located in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. This hill station is at an altitude of 690m above the sea level. Having dense forests and steep mountains, Amboli is the last hill resort before the coastal plains begin in the southern ranges of the Sahyadri Hills. The hilltop Amboli gives a fine bird's-eye view of the Konkan coast. Colonel Westrop, who was a British political agent, developed Amboli as a hill station after the opening of the Ghat Road from the coastal town of Vengurla, now in southern Maharashtra, to Belgaum. Receiving nearly 750 centimeters (269 inches) of rainfall per year, this hill station is the wettest place in Maharashtra. Amboli is one of the few hill stations of Maharashtra from where one can see the sea. This hill station is totally swathed with cloud during rainy season. Hiranyakeshi Temple, Nagarta falls, Hiranya Keshi, Mahadev Gad and Narayangad are the important places to visit in this hill station. Nearest airport is Belgaum, (64 km), while nearest railway station is Sawantwadi at 28 km on the Konkan Railway. One can stay at government resorts Bhandardara Bhandardara is located at a distance of 70 km from Nashik. It is a small and peaceful area. This hill station is popular for fun loving and picnic lovers. Radha Falls, a deep valley, a clean and large Arthur Lake, a historical Ratangadh Fort, an ancient temple Amritheshwar Temple, a peaceful Agasti Rishi Ashram, Wilson Dam also known as Bhandardara Dam, and Viewpoints are the important destinations at Bhandarda. It also has a trekking destination - Mount Kalusubai. The largest earthen dam in the country and one of the oldest dams in Asia, Wilson Dam or Bhandardara Dam is at Bhandardara. The height of the dam is nearly 150 m. The overflowing water makes the Umbrella Falls, which is a picturesque sight during the monsoon season. There is also a lake with serene beauty called Arthur Lake. One can also visit the site from where the lake originates at Pravara River. Streamlets from this lake flow down to 45m heights at Randha Falls. Not only a heart catching scenic spot, these falls also serves as a hydropower generation.
Agasti Rishi Ashram is on the bank of the Pravara River, which attracts huge crowds. One can also visit Amriteshwar Temple at Bhandardara.
Chikaldhara Chikhaldara is in Amaravatio district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It is believed that its name is derived from Keechaka. This hill station is the only hill station, which offers the tourists lots of wildlife, viewpoints, lakes and waterfalls in the Vidharba region. Chikhaldara is situated at an altitude of 1,118 m. This place is the only coffee-growing area in Maharashtra. Chikhaldara is full of deep valleys, and these valleys are full of velvet mist and majestic trees. Abundance of natural scenery, exciting wildlife, breathtaking waterfalls and placid lake make the hill station a perfect site for summer retreat. Popular as the Melghat Tiger Project and Dhakana-Kolkaz National Park, this station has wildlife like panthers, sloth bears, sambar, wild boar, and wild dogs. Tourists can also enjoy the panoramic view of this hill resort from Hurricane Point, Prospect Point, and Devi Point. Gawilgad and Narnala fort, Pandit Nehru Botanical Gardens, Tribal Museum and Semadoh Lake are other destinations of this hill station. Chikaldhara's cool breezy climate makes it an excellent place to repose in summer. Nearest airport is Akola (150 km), while nearest railway station is Badnera (110 km). Nearest bus depot is in Amravathi (100 km). Accommodation is available at Chikhaldara. Jawahar Jawhar hill station is in Thane district of Maharashtra. Gifted with exotic valleys, thick rich forests and pleasant climate, Jawhar offers dofferent type of enjoyment comparing to other hill stations of Maharashtra. Jawhar is popular for its lively Warli paintings. This hill station is one of the few tribal kingdoms in Maharashtra. Tourists can visit Jai Vilas, the Palace of the tribal lords that offers a unique opportunity to expose and enlighten with the tribal way of life. Bhupatgad relics are also worth a visit. Dadar Kopra Falls, Hanuman Temple and Sunset Points are the other attractions of Jawhar. Jawhar is also known as the Mahabaleshwar of Thane District. Shirpamal, where Shivaji Maharaj camped on his way to Surat is near Jawhar. Nearest airport is at Nashik (80 km), while nearest railway station is at Igatpuri (61 km). Lonavala And Khandala Locating at an altitude of 625m, Lonavala and Khandala are famous for its beautiful hills, deep green valleys, huge lakes, historic forts and waterfalls etc. These two hill stations are at the Sahyadris Mountains of Maharashtra. Lonavala and Khandala have magnificent waterfalls that
give a heart catching view during monsoon. Tourists can plan their trip together with Karla, Bhaja, and Bedsa caves, which are very near from Lonavala. This hill station is also known as the 'Jewel of Sahydri', because of its nature's gifted of beautiful valleys, hills, milky waterfalls, lush greenery, and pleasant cool winds. Khandala is smaller than Lonavala and relatively calmer. It is known to be the pride of the Sahyadri Mountains. Beautiful waterfall amidst green environment is really splendid to see. The place refreshes the exhausted tourists. Tugauli, Lonavala, Bhushi and Valvan Lake are the important lakes of this hill station. Nearest airport is situated at Pune (64 km). Lonavala and Khandala are 104 km from Mumbai and 64 km from Pune on the Mumbai-Pune highway. Mahabaleshwar Mahabaleshwar is also known as the Queen of all Hill Stations. This hill station is situated at an altitude of 1,372m in the heart of Sahyadri Hills in Satara District. Its name is derived from a Lord Mahadev temple and three Sanskrit words, Maha (great), Bal (power) and Ishwar (God). Some people also relate the name with mythological past as the name 'Mahabaleshwar' means mighty God. British developed this place as their pastime destination to beat the heat. Looking down from Mahabaleshwar, one can see a panoramic view of the sea and the valley. Mahabaleshwar is regarded to be the best holiday spot in Maharashtra in terms of climate, excursions, sports, and other activities. Lingmala Waterfalls is one of the most enthralling sights in Mahabaleshwar. Dhobi waterfall point is another attraction of the hill station. Wilson Point or Sunrise point is the highest point in Mahabaleshwar. One can enjoy a beautiful view of the sunrise here. Bombay Point in the point where one can see the best of sunset in Mahabaleshwar. Mahabaleshwar has 30 exotic viewpoints that provide the visitors for a spectacular access to the ultimate in fascinating landscapes. Connaught Peak And Hunter Point, Venna Lake, Elphinston, Marjorie And Savitri Points, Arthur's Point, Babington Point, Lodwick Point, Kate's Point, Arthur's Seat, Krishna Temple, Hanuman Mandir, Panchgani, Tapola and Pratapgad Fort are som eof the important sites of Mahabaleshwar. Malshej Ghat Malshejghat is in Pune, Maharashtra. This hill station is known for its special attraction for trekkers, hikers, adventurers, and nature lovers. Malshejghat is at an altitude of 700m above the sea level. Malshejghat is a beautiful hill station with wooded countryside and colourful bird and animal, rugged mountains, historic forts, high-plateau forest houses, resorts and sanctuaries and venerated rivers all around.
Comes under the patio of the Western Ghats, Malshejghat's Flamingo Hill Resort and sanctuary draws large number of trekkers and mini-adventure tourists. Misty hills, placid monsoon lakes and cool, fragrant forests surround this hill resort. Green forest environment and the placid monsoon lakes, which is the home for orange and white flamingos, are the main attractions for Malshejghat. Shivenri Fort - the birthplace of King Shivaji, Buddhist caves (of 3rd century), Harishchandraghadh, Ozar and Lenyadri, Ganesh Temples, Shiva Temple, Bhima River are in and around Malshejghat. Nearest airport is Mumbai (154 km), while nearest railway station is at Kalyan. It is 154 km away from, 164 km from Pune. One can stay at Flamingo Hill Resort and government resorts at Malshejghat Matheran Matheran is an important hill station of Maharashtra as it is the closest one to Mumbai and Pune. This 800m high hill station is located in Alibagh district of Maharashtra. It is appealing to have a view of the valleys from this green and calm hill station. One can also see Mumbai from Hart Point. Such viewings are most suitable on clean and unclouded days. The exhausted tourists from nearby Mumbai and Pune cities take a break here to breathe fresh air. Vehicles are banned in Matheran that makes the journey to this hill station so adventurous. It also makes the place so quiet, serene and peaceful. The journey includes an adventurous two-hour joyride in a toy train. Louisa Point, Panorama Point and Little Chouk Point have fantastic views. Tourists can also visit Charlotte Lake, Parsi and Hindu cemeteries. Adventurous trekkers may go to Byron Garbutt point, Panorama Point. Nearest airport is at Mumbai (100 km), while nearest railway station is at Neral (21 km). Panchgani Panchgani is in Satara district of Maharashtra. One can see the Krishna River on one side and the coastal plain on the other. This hill station lies at an altitude of 1,334m above the sea level. Panchgani is far from the noise and hustlebustle of cities. One can reach the hill station from Mahabaleshwar on Pune road. Tourists can plan for nature walks through jungle, thickly covered with lush trees and vegetation. Krishna River flows through tiny hamlets, farms and ravines. Table Land is an important site at Panchgani, which is a flat mountain peak giving a miniature view of the coastal plains. There is also an enjoyable water sports centre called Tapola. Sydney Point, Rajapuri Caves,
Kartikswamin Temple, Parsi Point, Pandav-Ghat, Mandharodeo Kanga point and Kachhabavdi point are other attractions at Panchgani.. Panhala Located at an altitude of 3177 feet and 18 km away from Kolhapur, Panhala is a scenic hill station and quite popular among tourists. The place houses famous Panhala fort which has great acquaintance with Maratha Empire. As is known about Maratha king Shivaji, who never spent too many days at a place, this was the only place where he had spent more than one and half years of his life. Panhala was the capital city of Maratha state until 1782 but later on after Maratha –British war it came to British Empire. The largest fort of the Deccan region is built on outlaying of Sahyadri range of mountains. Situated 400 meters above the plane Panhala fort is considered the safest forte in the region for its location. About its historical developments and chronology, the fort was built between 1178 and 1209 AD. Initially it was the headquarter for Shilahara ruler Bhoja II. Later on Yadav kings occupied it. It got full appraisal during the time of Bahamani kingdom of Bidar. In early sixteenth century Panhala had become the part of Bijapur kingdom. Bijapur kings helped to make the fort more concrete and they got its gates and other parts rebuilt. Great Maratha guerrilla fighter Shivaji unsuccessfully raided this fort in the year 1659. Finally in the year 1673 he got success over invading the fort. Later on Mughal emperor Aurangzeb occupied the fort. Maratha tried to recapture but could not do too much. The fort is historical evidence of the event when the Mughal Emperor received the English Ambassador Sir William Norris. British took over the fort after a local rebellion in 1844. The fortification of the fort is amazing. Long sections by steep escarpments protect the walls of the fort. Parapet slit holes make insiders know about the danger outside –an excellent defense. The remaining sections have 5-9 m high ramparts, strengthened by round bastions.
Sawantwadi Locating at the Sahyadri Mountains at an altitude of 690m above the sea level, Sawantwadi hill station offers hours of fun to visitors. This hill station is in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. Hiranya Keshi Nagarta Falls and Narayangad are the major attractions for picnicking at Sawantwadi. The palace of Maharaja of Sawantwadi is still in a good condition, and it is worth visiting. Laquerware, wooden toys, and artificial fruit making are the items, which are in demand. Other attractive places are the Moti Lake, Narendra Park, and the Narendra hill. Besides this, Vithal temple, Hanuman temple, and Raghunath market are the places to be seen. Nearest airport is Belgaum at 64 km, while nearest railway station is Sawantwadi at 28 km on Konkan Railway. Hotels are available at Sawantwadi and Amboli.
Toranmal Toranmal is at Satpura Hills in Akrani Taluka of Nandarpur district in Maharashtra. This hill station lies at an altitude of 1461m above the sea level. The surroundings of the Toranmal plateau are cool and greenery. Because of its serene beauty and quietness in nature, it is a perfect place for those who wish to take a break from the noisy environment of the cities. Yashvant Lake is a beautiful natural lake of Toranmal, which is also worth to be visited. Among other temples, Gorakhnath Temple and Nagarjun Temple are the important ones in Toranmal. Thousands of devotees attend a fair of the Gorakhnath on the Maha Shivaratri day, which celebrates in March or April. People from adjoining districts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat attend this fair. Sitakhai; Khadki point, Machindra Gumpha, Sunset point and Kamal Talao are the other attractions on Toranmal. Khadki and Seetalhai are the places for trekkers. Nearest Airport is at Aurangabad (290 km), while nearest railway station is at Nandurbar (76 km). Another railway station is at Dhule (128 km). Government rest house and resorts are available at Toranmal.
Maharashtra Fairs
Maharashtra is a land of rich cultural heritage and traditions. The diverse form of landscape and environment make the state's culture more colourful. Maharashtrians celebrate every fair with great fervour and enthusiasm. The sacred Kumb Mela at Nashik that comes after every twelve years is regarded to be the most important religious fair in Maharashtra. As Maharashtrians have great belief of Lord Ganesh, Ganesh Utsav at Sangli and Pune are the fairs that Maharashtrians celebrate with great fun fare, which are attended by the maximum number of visitors even from foreign countries. The Maharashtra government in collaboration with the Union government is promoting the Pune fair as a major tourists attraction. Other important temple fairs include Changdeo fair at the Markandeya Temple near Edlabad, Kiran Utsav at the Mahalaxmi Temple at Kolhapur, Rathyatra at the Kalaram Temple in Nashik, and the Shrirama Rathotsava fair and the Navaratra Mahalaxmi fair at the Navaratra Mahalaxmi temple in Jalgaon. The Khuldabad Urs is a festival for Muslims; celebrated for five days. Mount Mary Festival, which is held every year at Bandra, Mumbai attracts huge crowds of the city. The Snake festival at Battis Shirala town too attracts large number of tourists from India and aboard Changdeo Fair Changdeo in Maharashtra is regarded to be a holy place because of Purna and Tapi rivers. People flock here once a year to take a holy dip. It is also a place where saint Markandeya is believed to have practiced penance. The place is about 6 km away from Edlabad. A fair, which is attended by nearly 80,000 pilgrims, is held at this place during the month of Magha (January-February) every year. These pilgrims are mostly from the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Nearest airport is at Nagpur at a distance of 177 km from Changdeo; nearest railway station is however at Chandrapur, which is 91 km away. The shortest route to Changdeo by road is via Milswali-Sakhri route, which is about 183 km. Hotels are available at Gadchiroli. Ganesh Chaturthi Ganesha festival, also known as 'Ganesh Utsav' is the biggest festival in Sangli and the nearby areas of Maharashtra. During this festival, people first purchase Ganesh idols and take it to temples to offer prayer. These idols are again taken to their homes to worship for 8 to 10 days. Then it is immersed at Krishna River near Irwin Bridge. Huge Ganesh idols are worshipped at nicely decorated pandals, also known as Dekhavas for 8 to 10 days. These Dekhavas are organized by the Mandals, worked collectively for the entire locality. Various Mandals shouting the slogans of Ganpati Bapa Morya take out huge processions during the first day and the day of immersion of the idols
throughout the city. People from the city and nearby towns, districts throng to witness the Ganesh festival celebrations. Huge money in terms of crores is spent on decorations of the pandals. Ganesh Temple at Sangli is very famous, as it was built from pink sand stone of Rajasthan by the king of the then Sangli state, Patwardhan Raje. The people of Maharashtra have great faith to Lord Ganesh. Every new task begins only after taking the blessings of the Lord. Sangli is well connected by rail and road. Kala Ghoda Festival Kala Ghoda Festival is held on Sundays between November and January months near Jehangir Art Gallery at Mumbai. Kala Ghoda Festival is a celebration of arts and crafts that brings together the works of artistes in the fields of music, dance, theatre and film. It offers an interactive cultural concoction for Mumbaites. Kala Ghoda Festival is organized by the Kala Ghoda Association, which was established in 1988, with the aim of improving the existing infrastructure of the area, and giving it a distinct identity as Mumbai's art district. The Kala Ghoda festival is also a medium for the revival of arts across Mumbai. The entire area is decorated into a pedestrian plaza. Portrait paintings, traditional mehendi, exotic bangles, cuisine and traditional Parsi breakfast are the main attractions of this festival. Folk dancers, musicians and singers entertain the gathering. Timings: 10.00 am to 9.00 pm Cultural show and Cuisine: 5.00 pm onwards. Parsi Breakfast: 10.00 am to 11.00 am Films: 2.00 pm to 4.00 pm Khuldabad Urs Fair Khulabad is a place situated at a distance of 5 km from the Ellora caves and 22 km from Aurangabad on the Aurangabad-Ellora route. This place is also known as the 'valley of saints' because of huge presence of Sufi saints. They were migrated to this place hundreds years back. Khuldabad is a holy shrine for Muslims. It has a tomb built by the last Mughal emperor, Aurangazeb. Khulabad Urs festival, which celebrates here for five days, is a very popular fair that attracts a large number of devotees. Nearest railway station and airport is at Aurangabad. This place is well connected by road as well. Bus and taxi services from Aurangabad to Khuldabad are very good. One can stay at the hotels in Aurangabad. Kiran Utsav Kiran Utsav is one of the popular festivals in India. It is organized at Mahalaxmi Temple of Kolhapur district in Maharashtra on 31st January, 1st February, and 9th, 10th, and 11th November every year. Goddess Laxmi is worshipped during this festival. The Mahalaxmi Temple is elegantly decorated for this festival. Millions of pilgrims throng to
Kolhapur to take part in this festival from all over India. One can witness the amazing architecture of the Mahalaxmi Temple, which had been built in a way that the rays of the setting sun coming through a window touches the Goddess's feet before it vanishes. Kolhapur is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state. Numbers of hotels are available in Kolhapur for accommodation. Nashik Kumbh Mela Kumbh Mela is the most important Hindu spiritual gathering in India that comes once every three years, rotating between four major Hindu pilgrim centers of India - Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nasik. The Maha (Grand) Kumbh is held every 12th year in each of the following four locations. 2007 Maha Kumbh Mela is scheduled to be held at Nashik in Maharastra. In Maharashtra, the festival is held in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik. The Nashik Kumbh Mela is generally considered to be the most sacred of all the festivals. Kumb Mela in Nashik, like other fairs is also a mammoth affair attending by nearly three and a half million pilgrims. Thousands of sadhus and holy men and millions of pilgrims take dip in the holy Ramkund and Kushavarta reservoirs. August 14th and 25th and September 8th and 20th are regarded to be the peak of the festival days. Residential arrangement for Sadhus is made in Tapobhumi called Tapovan on left bank of Godavari river. Nashik being one of the major cities of Maharashtra, the city is well connected by train, road and air with different parts of India. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Nashik. Mount Mary Festival Mount Mary's Festival is celebrated for one week during September at Mount Mary Church, Bandra in the suburbs of Mumbai, Maharashtra. This fair, which is also popularly known as the Bandra fair is celebrated on the occasion of Mother Mary's birthday. Lakhs of people of different religions and communities flock to this place during the festival. Marathi speaking communities of Maharashtra refer Mother Mary as Math Mauli. It is a belief of the local people that Mount Mary fulfils their genuine wishes if prayers are made earnestly and faithfully. It is magnificent to take a look of the Arabian Sea from the site of the church. Mumbai is well connected by road, train and air with any part of India. Accommodations are available at the hotels Bandra as well. Navaratra Mahalaxmi Fair
Navaratra Mahalaxmi Fair is celebrated for ten days from Ashvina Sud.1 to Ashvina Sud. 10 at Navaratra Mahalaxmi Temple of Jalgaon district in Maharashtra. Devotees are mostly from Jalgaon town and nearby villages. Navaratra Mahalaxmi Temple is a storeyed stone building with a Kalash at the top. Brass bars are used instead of walls on all the four sides to allow sufficient light to enter the temple. The back part of Mahalaxmi's throne is plated with silver sheets. There is also a Pindi of Lord Shiva and an image of Ganapati at the back of the Goddess. A three and half inches tall idol of Lord Hanuman is installed at the rear as well. Jalgaon is well connected by rail and road. Accommodation is available at the hotels in Jalgaon. Pune Festival Pune festival is held between August and September during Ganesh Mahotsav. It is the biggest festival of Pune. The festival goes for ten days - starts with the installation of idols of Lord on the first day to immersion of the Lord's idols on the tenth day. Pune festival is mainly emphasized on the celebration of art and culture, song and dance, custom and tradition. It was started as a local event but now has succeeded to attract visitors from across India and abroad. The Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation joining hand with the Union government actively promotes the festival abroad as a major tourist attraction. Classical dance, music recitals, film, drama festival, automobile rallies and traditional sports are held as a part of the festival. Maestros and stalwarts from all over India are invited to perform during the festival. The denizens of Pune and also the visitors from outside enjoy the event with fullest during the celebrations. Modern sport events, shop for exquisite textiles and handicrafts, appetizing cuisine are some of the new additions since past few years. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state. Accommodations are available at the hotels in Pune. Rath Yatra A festival called Janmotsava is celebrated at Sansthan Shri Kalaram Mandir, Panchavati, Nashik every year. The festival, which spans 15 days begin from the first day of Chaitra till Chaitra Purnima. The Janmotsava, which is witnessed by thousands of pilgrims takes place exactly at 12 noon. The main attraction of the festival is the rathyatra that takes place on the second day, in which Shri Ram rath and Garuda rath moves through the Nashik city. The Rathyatra starts at about 4.30 p.m. The Rathyatra is made up of 5 links, 1st is the bullock cart of Sanai / Choughada, followed by the Palkhi of Shri Ramachandra, Pujadhikari, Garudarath (the rath of Lord Hanuman) and finally the Ramrath (the rath of Lord Rama). The pujadhikari walks with the rath all the way it is moving by facing towards the rath with folded hands. He maintains fasting, which starts from day one of the Chaitra to the Rathyatra. Both the raths are pulled by the rath sevakas with using heavy rope. Nashik is well connected by road, air and train with rest of India. Hotels are available in Nashik.
Shrirama Rathotsava Fair Shrirama Rathotsava Mandir, which belongs to the Peshwa period, is located near Jalgaon, Maharashtra. Shrirama Rathotsava Fair is celebrated annually in this temple between October and November months to give a special veneration to the deities. Images of Rama, Laxmana and Sita are carried in a palanquin to the Girna River for a bath on the festival day. The images are then decorated with ornaments and garlands. Although, devotees visiting the temple on the festival days are mostly from Jalgaon and nearby areas, nearly 25,000 people visit the temple during the fair. Appa Maharaj, a devotee built the auditorium and seating room about 70-80 years back with the financial help of his disciples to develop the temple as a shrine. Jalgaon is well connected by train and road. There are number of hotels at Jalgaon for accommodation. Snake Festival Snakes festival is celebrated for 8-10 days at the small town of Battis Shirala, Maharashtra, which is 50 km from Kolhapur. The festival is celebrated on the onset of the monsoons, and it is believed to counter the increased possibility of snakebites during this time. Battis Shirala is a hilly town with thick forests having a wide species of snakes ranging from the deadliest king cobra to the rare species of pythons. Youths get into nearby jungles and persuade snakes out of it a week before the festival. Thousands of tourists including foreign tourists are attracted by the snake show organized during the festival. Nearest airport is at Kolhapur, 50 km away from the Battis Shirala, while nearest railway station is also at Kolhapur. This place is well connected by road as well. Hotels are available at Kolhapur or Sangli. Maharashtra Festivals As Maharashtra is a big state, it is home to many religions. The state also nurtures different traditions with diverse communities. Maharashtrians are fun loving people, so that might be another reason why the state has lots of different festivals. Apart from the main festivals of Eid, Holi, Deewali and other festivals, which are celebrated, all over India, there are other festivals, which are celebrated locally and regionally in Maharashtra. Songs, dance and mouth watering cuisines accompany almost every festivals. Ganesh Chaturthi is the most important festival in Maharashtra. It is celebrated for ten days with huge fun fare. Banganga Festival, Kalidas Festival, Ellora Festival and Elephanta Festival are the festivals organized by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation. Classical music and dance are the main attractions of these festivals. Kojagiri Poornima or Ashwin Poornima, Ganga Dashahara, Banganga Festival, Nag Panchami,
Wat Pournima, Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti and Palkhi Festival are some of the important festivals of Maharashtra. Banganga Festival Banganga Festival held every year in the city of Mumbai is a musical tribute to Lord Ram. The aim behind the celebration of this musical carnival is to protect the existing rich heritage. According to the legend Lord Ram had stayed here for some time on his return from Lanka after winning over Ravan. The natives were probably Shaivites and worshiped Shivalinga (Phallus stone). When Ram happened to visit the place locals asked him for water to perform bath ritual for Shivalinga. Lord Ram shot an arrow (Bana) and water profuse from holy Ganges itself. The major attraction is ringing bells of temple along with praising songs for God. The whole affair gives nostalgia. These songs composed by unknown poets through the ages have become part of local culture and are integral part of temple rituals performed everyday. „The same heritage should be protected? is the idea behind the organizing the Banganga Festival. The main organizer Indian Heritage Society Mumbai and MTDC want to foster the thought of protection of heritage among people. This two-day musical carnival enlivens the city of Mumbai. The city comes into its true spirit and versatility. People visit temples varying from different class and caste. Volunteers to offer glittering look decorate Temples all over the city. Music, chants, and praising songs of God become popular in these two days. Though started in the year 1992, the festival in these two days makes Mumbai more attractive to tourists. Bhaubeej Bhaubeej is brother-sister occasion celebrated on the fifth day of Deewali. Basundi poori or shrikhand poori are prepared for this occasion. Dhanatrayodashi, Narakchaturdashi, Amavasya (Laxmi Pujan), Balipratipada and Yamadvitiya (Bhaubeej) are the five days, which comprise Diwali. Every day has peculiar religious significance in Maharashtra. Bahubeej is celebrated on the last day. Brothers are regarded as the protectors of the sisters in Hindu religion. Sisters invite their brothers for a meal on Bhaubeej in Maharashtra. The sisters perform aarti and pray to the Lord for the welfare of their brothers. Brothers in return present gifts to sisters. For those who doesn't have brother perform a puja to the Moon-God. Elephanta Festival Elephanta Festival is another festival for dance and music organised by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC). It is organised in the month of February. Renowned dancers and musicians perform outside the caves of Elephanta under the starry sky in front of the selected and appreciative audience. Special launch services and catering arrangements are also provided for visitors.
A boat ride from the Gateway of India in Mumbai to the Elephanta Islands is also included as a part of the festival. Elephanta is just one-and-a-half hours drive away from Mumbai. The island was once known as Puri or Gharapuri. Portuguese found a monolithic stone elephant at this place so as named derived 'Elephanta'. Ellora Festival Ellora festival is the festival of classical dance and music organised under the backdrop of the Ellora caves. This festival, which is organised by Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) in the month of March showcases the best talents from across the country in the field of classical music and dance. Experiencing such a magnificent performance on the backdrop of the 1,400-year old caves and rock carvings would be a lifetime experience. Ellora caves displays the sculptural and architectural splendours. The Kailasa Temple, which is an asset to not only to the state of Maharashtra but also to India because of its sculptured expertise is at Ellora caves. This temple is carved out of one huge rock, is one of the most beautiful backdrops for an event such as this. Ganesh Chaturthi Lord Ganesh is the most respected God in Maharashtra, so as the Ganesh Chaturthi, most important festival. The festival falls on the 4th day of the bright fortnight of Bhadrapada (August September). People buy Ganesh images to keep in their houses as a divine guest for five to ten days. The image is then taken out ceremoniously and immerse to the river, sea or well. It is called Visarjan. Keeping the idol after this day is considered inauspicious. Puja can be simply performed with family members within the household or by a priest. Modak is special cuisine for Ganesh Chaturthi celebrations. Aarti is performed morning and evening (dusk, or at the hour when artificial lamps are lighted in the house) a long as the Ganesh idol is at home. Huge Ganesh idols are worshipped at nicely decorated pandals, also known as Dekhavas for 8 to 10 days. These Dekhavas are organized by the Mandals, worked collectively for the entire locality. Various Mandals shouting the slogans of Ganpati Bapa Morya take out huge processions during the first day and the day of immersion of the idols throughout the city. People from the city and nearby towns, districts throng to witness the Ganesh festival celebrations. Huge money in terms of crores is spent on decorations of the pandals. Ganga Dussehra River Ganga is known as Tripathaga, or the 'Three Path River', as it is believed that the river flows in three worlds in heaven it is called Mandakini, on earth the Ganges (or Ganga), and in the nether region the Bhagirathi. It is believed that King Bhagirath after performing terrible severity brought Ganga to earth. On the tenth day of the bright half of Jyeshth, Mother Ganga began to flow from heaven to the entwined hair of Shiva. So, from the hair of Shankar, she began to flow to earth.
It is a belief of the Hindu religion that bathing in the Ganga washes sins away. So, the first ten days of the month Jyeshth (May-June), which is known as Dashahara, are dedicated to honour the river Ganges. Jiviti Puja Married Maharashtrian women perform Jivti Puja on any one of the Fridays in the month of Shravan (July-August). Jivti is an incarnation of Parvati, a goddess who is believed to protect children. Female members from the parental Maharashtrian women invite them for lunch at home. Various sweets and delicacies, puran poli are the must-serve at meals. Roasted chana (chickpeas) mixed with milk and sugar is served to married women along with the traditional offering of haldi and kumkum in the evening after the puja. It is a tradition that married Maharashtrian women personally apply haldi at the base and kumkum in the centre of the forehead of other women on every auspicious occasion. This gesture is not applicable to widows, divorcees and unmarried women. This tradition is typically Maharashtrian. Kalidas Festival Kalidas Festival is organised in the honour of the great poet Kalidas. This festival is held at Ramtek, Nagpur in the month of November for two days. Ramgiri, or Ramtek is the place that inspired Kalidas, and the beauty of this place is mentioned predominantly in his literary work. The festival brings back memories of the golden period of the Vidarbha region. Kalidas was a great Sanskrit poet and dramatist. Historical drama, Shakuntalam, and the epic poem, Meghdoot were his famous works that would ever remain as the finest masterpiece in terms of human literature. Some finest performances of music, dance and drama are performed during this festival on the backdrop of picturesque setting of Ramtek, celebrating its glorious cultural heritage. Kojagiri Poornima Kojagiri Poornima or Ashwin Poornima is celebrated on the full moon day of Ashwin (SeptemberOctober). As the rainy season passes, the sky becomes clear and the moon shines in the sky with full brightness. So, it is the celebration of this occasion, which is very traditional. It is also known as the Kaumudi, meaning moonlight. Goddess Laxmi is worshipped on this day. People keep awake the whole night singing songs or other entertaining things. Because Maharashtrians believe that Goddess Laxmi moves around from place to place asking, 'Who is awake?' (Kojagarti?). She shows her on those she finds awake. People take only fluids like coconut water and milk. Milk masala, a readymade combination of dry fruits and milk is taken on the day. Maharashtra Day-Maharashtra attained statehood on 1st May 1960. So, the day is organized as Maharashtra Day in Maharashtra. The state government organizes the main function
in Mumbai. Maharashtra Day is held at Shivaji Park in central Mumbai. The governor of the state takes the salute at the ceremonial parade, comprising members of the state reserve police force, Brihanmumbai Commando Force, home guards, civil defence, fire brigade and city police. Nag Panchami Cobra has a special significance in Hindu mythology. Nag Panchami is celebrated to worship snakes. It is a festival in the honour of the Snake God, Shesha Nag. People worship snakes by offering milk and Puja. Snakes are worshipped since Vedic eras as they protect crops from getting damaged by rats and other rodents. Snakes are also a part of the Puranas, they took part in 'Sagar Manthan', and is also worn by Lord Shiva around his neck. Nag Panchami is celebrated in the month of Shravan (July-August) according to the Hindu calendar. The victory of Krishna over the Kaliya snake is also remembered on this day. For this reason, Krishna is known as 'Kaliya Mardan'. The festival celebrates during the rainy months. It is believed that the festival is to counter the increased possibility of snakebite during this time. People visit temples specially dedicated to snakes. Shiva temples are also crowded during this festival, as snakes are considered dear to him. Narali Purnima Narali Poornima marks the end of monsoon season in Maharashtra. It is celebrated on the full moon day of the month of Shravan. People offer coconuts to the sea. The festival also marks the beginning of the new fishing season. So, fishermen appease the sea-god before sailing out over the mighty sea. They worship for a safe fishing. Singing and dancing are the main attraction of the festival. Sweet coconut rice is prepared for the day. Narali Pournima, Shravani Pournima, Rakhi Pournima or Raksha Bandhan are the various names given to this festival. Naral means coconut and coconut is offered to the sea, so it is called the naral poornima. Palkhi Festival Palki festival showcases the distinctive feature of the Maharashtrian culture. This is a 1000-year-old tradition, which has been following by the warkaris (people who follow the wari, a fundamental ritual). People perform collective singing, dancing, chanting (Dnyanba-Tukaram in what are called as Dindis or organised group of warkaris) to the holy town of Pandharpur in Hindu months of Ashadh (June-July) and Karthik (November-December). Palkhi Festival, which lasts for 22 days, starts in the month of Jyeshth (June). Every year on the eleventh day of the first half of the month of Ashadh, the Palkhi reaches Pandharpur. Every saint, right from Sant Jyaneshwar to Sant Tukaram was following the wari tradition. It was in the year 1685 that Tukaram's youngest son, Narayan Baba wished to bring some change in the dindi-wari tradition by introducing the Palkhi, which is a sign of social respect.
Pola Festival Maharashtra is a vast state so as its agricultural land. Bullocks were used for agriculture in olden days and other works. So, they are one of the most helpful animals to human being. Maharashtrian farmers show their appreciation to bullocks for all the help on the day of Pola. Bulls are washed and decorated for a nice look. The farmers offer them worship and provide special food on the day. They are then taken out to a procession across the village, accompanied by the music of drumbeats and lezhim (a musical instrument made of a wooden rod and an iron chain full of metallic pieces). Pola is the special facet for the Hindu culture that marks respect to cattle. Shivaji Jayanti Shivaji Maharaj was the greatest ruler of Maharashtra. So, Maharashtrians have a great regard for this Maratha ruler. To give a respect, the birthday of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is celebrated on huge scale on February 19th every year. He was born on this day at the Shivneri fort in the year 1630. He is known as the creator of the Maratha nation. Shivaji had great mind of constructive genius of medieval India. Time may change, empires may go and dynasties may become faded, but the greatness of Shivaji is alive in the minds of Maharashtrian in particular and in the minds of every India in general. His dazzling victories and ever-ready smile made him the idol of his soldiers. Vat Pournima Wat Pournima is the festival for Maharashtrian women, which is celebrated in the month of Jesht (May-June). Women observe a fast and tie threads around a banyan tree and pray for the same husband in every birth. The celebration derived from the story of Savitri and Satyavan. It has been foretold that Satyavan won't live long. Resting on the lap of Savitri, Satyavan was waiting for death under a banyan tree, when the day of death comes. The messenger of Yama, the God of death came to take Satyavan. But Savitri refused to give her beloved husband. Messenger after messenger tried to take Satyavan away, but in vain. Finally, Yama himself appeared in front of Savitri and insisted to give her husband. Since, she was still adamant, he offered her a boon. She asked for the well being of her in-laws. He granted it to her. She then followed him as he took Satyavan's body away. He offered her another boon. She now asked for the well being of her parents. This boon, too, was granted. But she was relentless, and continued to follow him. As they approached Yama's abode, he offered her a final boon. She asked for a son. He granted it. She then asked him how it would be possible for her to beget sons without her husband. Yama was trapped and had to return her husband.
Maharashtra Beaches
Having a coastline of 330 miles (530 km) along the Arabian Sea, Maharashtra owns variety of beaches. One can find not only crowded and posh beaches like Juhu and Marine Drive Chowpatty beaches but also earthy and sleepy beaches like Harnai and Bassein, which are a bit slow but provide a peaceful and pollution-free environment. There are beaches for adventure lovers as well like Velneshwar and Shriwardhan-Harihareshwar. In Vijaydurg-Sindhudurg and Dahanu-Bordi beaches, one may went down to the memory lanes of the history. Here, one can discover the remains of ruined forts and even the existence of Portuguese culture in these areas. Murud-Janjira, Dahanu-Bordi and Shriwardhan-Harihareshwar are the beaches, which can enjoy both the sizzles of a typical beach as well as a pilgrimage site. Bassein Beach Bassein is in the peaceful location, which is 77 km away from Mumbai. It is closely similar with the India's sultry beach state of Goa. But here, crowd is a bit less and those who wish to enjoy peaceful environment must visit Basssein. This is quite of a historic place. One can see ruined forts that were built by the Portuguese inside dense forests of brushwood and palm grooves. Locals serve delicious Portuguese cuisines as well. One can also see Buddhist relics at Nalasopara, which is 10 km from Bassein. Vajreshwari Temple, Akloli hot springs, Sadguru Nityanand Maharaj Samadhi Mandir at Ganeshpuri, Bhimeshwar Temple and other ashrams are also worth to visit. There are quite a few churches of Portuguese times as well in Bassein. The nearest airport is in Mumbai, while the nearest railway station is at Bassein Road. It is well connected by road as well. Dahanu Bordi Beach Not only for its extensive and tidy beach, Dahanu is also known for its vast chikoo fruit orchids. Dahanu is 145 km away from Mumbai that comes under Thane district of Maharashtra. And Thane district is again known for its 17 km long sea line that stretches from Dahanu to Bordi. Bordi is half-hours drive away from Dahanu. Here, one can find endless beaches, which are very safe and beautiful. Although, it is quite warm during summer, the gentle breeze cools down the entire beach. Mecca of the Zoroastrians is a place, which is very popular amongst tourists as there is a magnificent temple, which houses the sacred fire of the Zoroastrians. It is believed that this fire has
been kept alive for almost a thousand years. The existence of Iranian and Persian culture further makes this place more exotic.
Ganpatipule Beach The waters of Ganapatipule are crystal clear and pristine. The entire stretch of beach is covered with fresh greeneries. The roadside sceneries on the way to Ganapatipule are captivating with narrow roads, red soil, roofed houses, clean courtyards, innumerable fruit bearing trees and casuarinas lining. Ganapatipule is regarded as one of the most important beaches of Maharashtra. It is 375 km south of Mumbai. Fine, sifted, silver sands, a gentle lapping sea, which soothes frayed nerves, attracts large number of tourists are the features of this beautiful beach. It is regarded as a beautiful seaside resort, especially for families in Maharashtra. One can see a glimpse of the entire beach, which is covered with white sand and blue waters from the top of the hill. Ganapatipule is also known as a pilgrimage site for its 400-year-old temple of Swayambhu Ganpati (naturally formed monolithic Ganesh). Malgund and Ratnagiri are other attractions, which are worth to be visited near this beach. Ratnagiri is the nearest airport, while nearest railway station is at Kolhapur. Ganapatipule is well connected by road with all the places in Maharashtra. Government resort offers a wide range of facilities including dormitories and A.C suites. Tents and water sport facilities are also available over here. Harnai Beach Harnai is about 200 km away from Mumbai. Despite its quietness, it is emerging fast as a tourist destination as visitors from Pune and Mumbai are frequently visited this place to celebrate the weekends. Harnai fort is also a main tourist attraction of the area. South of Harnai fort is the palm-fringed beach of Murud, famous for its clean white sands and safe waters. Panhale Kazi, the famous rockcut monument is 30 km from Murud-Harnai. Nearest airport is at Mumbai, which is 200 km away from Harnai, while nearest railway station is at Satara, which is 154 km away. Maharashtra government buses run from Mumbai, Pune and Mahad to Murud-Harnai. Accommodation is available at the beach resorts in Harnai. Juhu Beach Juhu is one of the most popular and posh beaches of India. This fizzing beach on the shores of Arabian Sea is the place where one can find the bungalows of Bollywood stars. This is also a favourite site for film shootings. Luxury hotels and apartments, which are on the southern end of the Juhu beach are regarded as favourite haunts for movers and shakers of Mumbai.
Mandwa Kihim Kihim and Mandawa is nearly 10 km away from Mumbai. Kihim has dense coconut trees that give a pollution free green environment. This is a place for the nature lovers who want to spend some time with the beauty of the nature. The jungle of Kihim has varieties of rare flowers, butterflies and birds. One can also enjoy perfect tent stay and a wonderful surfing. On the other hand, Mandwa captures the visitor's heart with its overwhelming serene atmosphere. Kihim beach is just a few kilometers from Mandawa. It is an ideal place to spend sometime away from the crowd and pollution. Tourists can also visit Kolaba Fort, which is a few miles away from the shore. One can see Portuguese ruins, Buddhist caves, the Hamam Khana, a church, a temple and a synagogue. Madh Island Even though Madh Island is quite a rural sort, but it is quite enjoyable to walk down along the villages of fishermen. This can at least give some peace of mind to the hurried and exhausted life. It is known as the place where one can throw parties for the friends. Despite the sea current are treacherous for swimming and unpicturesque beaches, tourists come here to enjoy the adventurous way of life. As it is located so near to Mumbai, there is no problem for transport and accommodation. Marine Drive Marine Drive is the place where Mumbaites hang out to cool down a while from the steamy hurried and busied life. The cool breeze and the calmness of the sea cool down the exhausted lot. Marine Drive was built in 1920s and 1930s on land reclaimed from the sea. It is located at the heart of Mumbai. As street lamps orderly line up on the edge of the beach, it is also known as Queen's Necklace. It has recently named Netaji Subhashchandra Bose Road. Chowpatty Beach is at the top end of the Marine Drive. Several Hindu religious ceremonies are taking place at Chowpatty like annual thread-tying ceremony, nariel-purnima and Ganesh Chaturthi immersions. Stalls on the beach, selling Bhelpuri, Kulfi and Paan make the chowpatty zesty. Nana-Nani Park for elderly people has just opened recently near the beach. Mumbai has excellent transport and accommodation facilities. Marve Manori Gorai Marve, also known as Borivali is a village very close to Mumbai. Now this place has become quite industrialized, but its beauty remains the same. One can witness the remains of colonial time in Marve. Watching sunsets and sunrises is really appealing here. Manori is famous for all night beach parties. Visitors prefer to visit the beach on moonlight nights. So, on these days, this beach is very crowded. Village folks serve food and let their houses on
rents to tourists.
Murud Janjira Murud-Janjira is located near Alibagh, which is the headquarter of Raigad district. It is one of the most popular and alluring beaches of Maharashtra. The green palm trees add a lot to the beauty and freshness of the beach. Kashid and Nandgaon beaches too are near from Murud. All these beaches, which were not that popular till some time back are fast emerging as favourite destinations for water enthusiasts and tent holidays. Weather is warm and humid here, but the sea breeze cools down the environment making the beach a perfect destination for tranquil holidays. There is also a 300-year old fort having marvelous architectural designs. Nawab's palace and Janjira caves are the favourite spots for tourists. There is also a shrine of Lord Dattatreya on the top of the hill. Nearest airport is at Mumbai, while Roha on the Konkan Railway is the nearest railway station. Government resorts are available for accommodation or one can also opt for the hotels at Mumbai. Shriwardhan Harihareshwar Shriwardhan is the place for seafood lovers and adventure buffs. Tourists can enjoy different varieties of seafood in this beach. Adventure lovers can go out with a small boat to explore the place where Peshwas were originally resided. This place is known for its gentle winds, soft sands and inviting waters. The tranquil and picturesque beach is the speciality, which Harihareshwar is known for. This place has famous Kalbhairav Shiva Temple. Peshwa Smarak and Bankot Fort at Bagmandala is only about 4 km away from here. Shriwardhan - Harihareshwar is nearly 200 km away from Mumbai. The nearest Mumbai-Goa highway point is about 60 km at Goregaon, which is about 170 km from Mumbai. The nearest airport is at Mumbai, while the nearest railway station is at Mangaon. State road service operates buses regularly to this place. Tourists can stay at the government resorts located near the beach. Tarkarli Beach Takarali beach is known for is clearness of water. One can sometimes see the seabed unto a depth of 20 ft. If we look the beach panoramically, one can see the serene beauty with shuru trees and wide Karli River at the background. The beautiful sailboats and the tiny magnificent islands make the beach more delightful.
Tarkarli is situated 6 km south of Malvan and 546 km from Mumbai on the west coast of India. This place has gained prominence because of its long and narrow stretch of beach with pristine waters. Sindhudurg, one of Maharashtra's most popular and important sea fort and Padmagarh fort are near Tarkarli. Sindhudurg fort was built in 17th century.
Velneshwar Beach Velneshwar is an ideal beach for swimming and sunbathing. The green coconut palm grooves and rock free seawater make the beach so beautiful and attractive. Despite, Velneshwar is a small village, which is in the north of Shastri River, this beach is quite famous. Water sports are the frequent activities, which are carried out here. There is also an old Shiva Temple, which is frequently visited by tourists and pilgrims. Nearest railway station is at Chiplun, while tourists can travel by road from Mumbai via Chiplun and Guhagar, which is 370 km. One can stay at the government resort, located near the beach. Vengurla Malvan Beach Vengurla is famous for its long stretch of iridescent sand, lined up with thick cashew, coconut, jackfruit and mango groves. Vengurla rocks or Burnt Islands is so near to this beach. Malvan has now become a part of the mainland. This area is thickly covered with palm trees. This place is famous for the temples of Shri Devi Sateri Temple and Rameshwar Temple as well. Malvan was once an important center for trade, which was twice destroyed by the attacks between 1664-1812. There are two old forts at nearby Sindhudurg and Padmagad in the township of Malvan. It is believed that an underground tunnel links the two forts. Vengurala is 514 km away from Mumbai and 200 km from Ratnagiri. Kolhapur is the nearest railhead, while tourists can also access this place through Ratnagiri, which is well connected by road. Tourists can stay in government resorts near the beach. Vijaydurg Sindhudurg The great Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji used Vijaydurg - Sindhudurg as naval base during his reign. So this place has lots of historical sites to see apart from the picturesque beaches. The most important of all is the Vijayadurg fort built by Shivaji in the 17th century. Sindhudurg has temples dedicated to Bhavani, Mahadeo, Jarimai, Mahapurush and Shivaji spreading over 48 acres. Nearest railway station is Kolhapur, while Sindhudurg is well connected by road as well. It is 510 km, and Vijaydurg is 425 km from Mumbai via the Goa highway.
Maharashtra Monuments
Maharashtra has a long history that had in turn contributed a lot in the overall history of India. Maharashtra witnessed different eras and dynasties. These all make Maharashtra - a state of historic and magnificent monuments. Different schools of art and architecture can be seen in these monuments. The Gateway of India in Mumbai is one of the most famous monuments in India. It is regarded to be the starting point for most tourists who want to see Mumbai. Anybody who wishes to see the Mughal touch can see the Chand Minar in Daulatabad. The Maharajah's New Palace in Kolahapur has a museum called Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum. The architecture of the palace is a combination of Jain and Hindu influences from Gujarat and Rajasthan, and local Rajwada style. Agakhan Palace is hugely popular and significant monument of Maharshtra, as it is associated with the life and works of Mahatma Gandhi. Khuldabad, Kesari Wada, Lal Mahal, Raste Wada, Shaniwar Wada and Vishrambag Wada are other popular historical monuments of Maharashtra. Aga Khan Palace Agakhan Palace is situated 2 km away from Bund Garden in Yerwada on Pune-Nagar Road. Hugely popular for its historic importance, it is made with Italian arches and spacious lawns. Mahatma Gandhi, Kasturba Gandhi, Shri Mahadeobhai Desai, Dr. Sarojini Naidu and others were kept under imprisonment in the Agakhan Palace during 1942- Quit India movement. Shri Mahadeobhai Desai and Kasturba Gandhi breathed their last breath in this Palace. Marble memorials of these two great leaders are there. Agakhan Palace is known for its architectural excellence. Spreading on a 19-acre land, the picturesque beauty of the palace captivates the eye of every onlooker; with its magnificent structure. Mahatma Gandhi's items like his bed, writing desk, Kasturba's saree and other clothes; her Chappals (slippers) are maintained properly at their place. Prince Agakhan donated this palace to Gandhi Smarak Samittee in 1972. Maintenance of parks and gardens are responsible for the committee since then. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with all the important places within and beyond the state. Chand Minar
Chand Minar is at Daulatabad. It was built in the Turkish style in 1435 by Ala-ud-din Bahmani to celebrate his occupation of the fort. This minaret is an outstanding example of Islamic art. This 30-metre high tower is divided into four storeys. It has 24 chambers and a small mosque at its base. It is covered with the Persian blue tiles that make the Chand Minar outstanding. Path passes bastions; studded gates, a drawbridge and the Chini Mahal, where Abdul Hasan Tana Shah, the last King of Golconda, was imprisoned in 1687 for 13 years are the important attractions of the tomb. There is also a 6.6m long 'Kila Shikan' (Fort Breaker) iron cannon on the bastion.
Gateway of India Gateway of India is regarded to be the starting point for most tourists who want to travel around the Mumbai city. This monument was built to commemorate the visit of the first ever British Monarch, King George V and Queen Mary in 1911. This 26m-high structure has four turrets and intricate latticework carved into the yellow basalt stone. There are steps leading down to the water behind the arch. There are short cruises on the motor launches from here. This structure is known to be the pride of Mumbai. Mumbaites, as well as the foreign tourists come down to this place in the evening and take a cool rest from day's exhausting work schedules. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state. Kesari Wada Kesari Wada is located at Narayan Peth in Pune, Maharashtra. Gaikwads built the monument. It is very significant in terms of history. Prince of Baroda, Sayajirao Gaikwad used to live in this palace. Now the structure of the palace had been pulled down to renovate. Nightlong discussions were going in this building to overthrow colonial rule during the freedom struggle. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, the Kesari, in Marathi and Maratha in English from Kesari Wada. The Wada still has the offices of Kesari, and mementos of Tilak, including his writing desk original letters and documents, and the first India national flag unfurled by Madame Cama. During Ganapati festival, the Wada is visited by a large number of people.
Khuldabad Also known as 'Valley of Saints', Khuldabad is located at distance of about 3 km from Ellora. A large scale Sufi had been migrated to Khuldabad in 14th century, as several Sufi saints of the Chishti ordered to reside Khuldabad (Abode of Eternity). There is the Dargah, or tomb of Moinuddin Chishti, the spiritual guide of the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb, within this sacred complex. Aurangazeb's tomb is also there near
the tomb. This simple tomb remains as an eloquent evidence to the staunch faith and Spartan lifestyle of this pious Muslim ruler. The tomb was constructed only with the few rupees he had earned by stitching cloth caps. "No marble sheets should shield me from the sky as I lie there one with the earth" is the line, which is inscribed on his gravestone elegantly in Persian calligraphy.
Lal Mahal Lal Mahal is a red brick building situated at Pune. Shivaji spent here most of his childhood. There are statues of "Jijamata" (Shivaji's Mother) and a structure showing young Shivaji plowing with a golden plough, with mother Jijabai and Guru Dadoji Konddev looking at him. There are also four umbrellas on the terrace, which is the prime attraction of the Mahal. This is the place where Shivaji Maharaj cut Shaistekhan's fingers when he tried to escape away from one of the windows of the Lal Mahal. Incidents from Shivaji Maharaja's life are pictorially represented on the walls of this palace. There is also a garden dedicated to Jijamata, known as Jijamata Garden. Pune Municipal Corporation had renovated the Lal Mahal in the year 1988. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with important places within and beyond the state. New Palace New Palace is located in Kolhapur. Built in 1884, it is also known as the Maharaja's New Place. Major Mant designed the palace. The architecture of the palace is a combination of Jain and Hindu influences from Gujarat and Rajasthan, and local Rajwada style. The first floor is for the present Maharaja, while the ground floor is dedicated to a fine collection of costumes, weapons, games, jewellery, embroidery and paraphernalia such as silver elephant saddles. A letter from the British Viceroy and Governor General of India is the other memorabilia. There is a museum called Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum at New Palace. Curious and interesting collections from the possessions of Maharaja Shahaji Chhatrapati like guns, trophies and clothes are preserved here. The museum also has large, excellent weapons collection, including a gold-plated, double-barreled shotgun, some swords, and other guns. There is also one of Aurangzeb's swords at the Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum. Closed on: Mondays Visiting Hours: 9.30am to 1.00pm and 2.30 to 6.00pm Raste Wada Raste Wada is located in Pune. Raste Wada is regarded to be one of the largest wadas, which stands surrounded by a jungle of multi storeyed buildings. During the reign of Madhavrao Peshwa, Anandrao Bhikaji Raste built the massive core of the Wada. In building the Wada, Rs.9 lakh had
been spent. There is also a stable to house Raste's cavalry retinue. At present these cloisters have been either ravaged by time or late out to tenants. The 'Diwankhana' has a municipal school now. It was once a separate building. Sealed-up fountains, and covered chandeliers stand as steeled voices from the past. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state. For local transportation taxis, city buses and auto rickshaws are available.
Shaniwar Wada Shaniwar Wada is a royal residence built by the second Peshwa, Bajirao-I Shaniwar Wada, which is located in Pune. Construction of Shaniwar Wada began on 10th of January 1730. It is said that Bajirao Peshwa-I laid the foundation by collecting handful of mud from the nearby Lal Mahal. Shaniwar Wada today is left with only with an imposing outer wall. It is visible that the ruins can translate the glory of the Maratha power. The doors of the palace are so strong that it had been designed to dissuade huge enemy attacks. Only the fortification walls with five gateways, and nine bastions that enclosed the whole complex, elaborate foundations of the original palace and the Nagarkhana with its fine wooden pillars and latticework are left of the palace. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with the important places within and beyond the state.
Vishrambag Wada Vishrambag Wada is on Bajirao Road, Pune in Maharashtra. Bajirao II built this monument. This structure is famous for its fine entrance and the balcony with carved woodwork. Vishrambag Wada is a three-storeyed mansion. The palace is 260ftX815ft in area. Vishrambag Wada symbolizes the tales of Pune's rich culture and heritage. It took long 6 years to complete this building. Babasaheb Purandare took the responsibility of converting the inner courts and the hall of Vishrambag Wada into their original form. This place was once a garden, and derived its name from its gardener called Vishram. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with major cities in India.
Maharashtra Museums
Maharashtra has as many as around 13 famous Museums, which preserve different types of antique items and works of art. Having a look at the Tribal Museum in Pune would enable the visitors why the tribal life is unique and colourful. A visit at the Coin Museum in Nashik offers a vast idea of Indian coinage from the earliest period to the modern times with the help of coins, moulds, dyes, replicas, photographs, and brief write-ups. Prince of Wales Museum in Mumabi offers items of natural history, Indian miniature painting, decorative art and Tibetan and Nepali art, European painting, armoury and textile galleries. It is like experiencing a bunch of 5,000 years of Indian art. The Jehangir Art Gallery, Mani Bhavan Mahatma Gandhi Museum, National Maritime Museum, Taraporewala Aquarium and the Veermata Jeejamata Museum are all located in Mumbai. Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum, Tribal Museum and Museum of Arthropoda in Pune and Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum in Kolhapur are the other famous museums of Maharashtra. Coin Museum
Coin Museum is in Nasik, Maharashtra. The museum has a fine collection of research and well-documented history of Indian currencies. Coin Museum was established in 1980 under the Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies. This museum is the only museum of its kind in Asia. The environment of the museum is so cool, as it is located in the backdrop of the enthralling Ajneri Hill of Nashik. The museum was established to impart a general idea about Indian coins to the common people. Coin museum gives a vast idea of the Indian coinage from the earliest period to the modern times with the help of coins, moulds, dyes, replicas, photographs, and brief write-ups. Apart from casting and machine striking, the museum also exhibits dioramas of depicting coin minting and coin manufacturing techniques. Numismatic material and some bronze, terracotta's, copper-hoard objects, paintings and some other historical artifacts are also displayed. Visiting Hours: 9.30 am to 1.00 pm and 2.00 pm to 5.30 pm Closed on:Sundays and Holidays Entry: Free Jehangir Art Gallery Jehangir Art Gallery is located at Kala Ghoda locality of Mumbai, Maharashtra. Constructed in 1952, this art gallery is the most prestigious and modern venue for Indian artistes in the city. There are four exhibition halls to exhibit the work of art here. There is huge rush of artistes in this gallery to show one's works. Many of the artistes have to wait a couple of years to exhibit their works in this gallery. The gallery has a huge media attention and coverage. Donated by Cawasji Jehangir, Jehangir Art Galleryis it is managed by the Bombay Art Society. The building of the gallery is an enormous beautiful mansion. Jehangir Art Gallery is one of the Mumbai's well-known art galleries. Visiting Hours: 11.00 am to 7.00 pm Open: On all Days Entry: Free Mani Bhavan Mani Bhavan Mahatma Gandhi Museum is located on Laburnam Road, Mumbai in Maharashtra. Its location is near the August Kranti Maidan, where 'Quit India' movement was launched in 1942. Gandhian literature, photographic exhibits, framed letters and 3-D tableaux of key events in Gandhi's life are displayed here. The home of the diamond merchant and the Indian National
Congress supporter Revashankar Jhaveri has been turned into a museum. It is the house where Mahatma Gandhi stayed during his frequent visits to Mumbai between 1917 and 1934. Gandhi's room and belongings including his books, his trademark 'Charkha' (spinning wheel) and 'Charpoy' (rope bed) are displayed here. It is place, where Gandhi first learned how to use the spinning wheel. There is also a library of Gandhian literature and books read by Gandhi, which includes lots of Tolstoy and Shakespeare and a well-thumbed copy of 'Les Miserables'. Visiting Hours: 9.30 am - 6.00 pm Closed on: National holidays Photography: Allowed National Maritime Museum National Maritime Museum is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The museum preserves the historical treasures of India obtained from other countries and models of ships built in Mumbai. The Indian Navy set up the museum for this purpose. Mumbai port is one of the busiest ports of India, handling approximately 40% of India's maritime trade. British developed this natural harbour port. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with any part of India.
Prince of Wales MuseumPrince of Wales Museum is in Mumbai. The museum was named after Prince George (later George V) who visited India in 1905 and laid the foundation stone of the building. But it was opened in 1923 by Lady Lloyd, the wife of Sir George Lloyd, then governor Prince of Wales Museum has been designed in the Indo-Saracenic style with yellow and blue stones. It has been planned so simple that there is a central hall from which the staircase leads to the two upper floors with galleries branching out on the right and left. Different sections like natural history section, Indian miniature painting, decorative art and Tibetan and Nepali art, European painting, armoury and textile galleries are splitting off left and right in the two floors. Superb works from 19th century Pahari School of Painting, Mughal paintings, Nepalese & Tibetan Art, Deccan School of Paintings are worth to be mentioned. This museum is a treasure trove of various arts. There are lots of things to be seen. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road. Visiting Hours: 10.15 am to 6.00 pm Closed On: Mondays
Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum is in Pune, Maharashtra. The museum has nearly around 20,000 collections of objects paintings, handicrafts, armour-suits, musical instruments and many other objects of art and artifacts collected from all over the world. The building has been designed in a Rajasthani-style, but the galleries give a clear depiction of the life and culture of the Marathas. Dinkar Kelkar spent almost 60 years traveling and purchasing objects from the remote areas and towns of India. Dividing into 36 sections, the collections are confined mostly to everyday life like pots, lamps, containers, nutcrackers, pen stands. 'Mastani Mahal' is regarded to be the masterpiece to this museum, which was erected here in its original form. Articles belonging to Mughal and Maratha periods that dates back to 17th century are displayed at Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum. Musical instruments, metalwork, exquisite chitrakathi paintings and a unique lock collection are the other attractions of the museum. Timings: 8.30 am-6.00 pm Closed On: Government Holidays Viewing Time: Half an hour Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum is at New Palace in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Curious and interesting collections from the possessions of Maharaja Shahaji Chhatrapati like guns, trophies and clothes are preserved here. The Maharaja was died recently died in 1983. British architect Charles Mant designed the New Palace in 1881 in the Indo-Sarcenic style. The museum also has large, excellent weapons collection, including a gold-plated, double-barreled shotgun, some swords, and other guns. There is also one of Aurangzeb's swords at the Shahaji Chhatrapati Museum.
Shri Bhavani Museum Shri Bhavani Museum in Aundh, which is 48 km from Satara in Maharashtra. The museum has 500 miniature paintings of all major schools - Jaipur, Kangra, Mughal, Punjab, Bijapur, Pahadi and Maratha of the period between 15th and 19th century. Shri Bhavani Museum is probably the only museum in India, which has such a large collection. Built by the Raja of Aundh, late Bhawanrao Pantpratinidhi in 1938, it is now looked after by the State Government and is the only museum out of the 13 state museums in Maharashtra. The Museum exhibits mainly the work of Bhawanrao done in his lifetime. Shri Bhavani Museum also
has the famous stone created structure of 'Mother and Child' by Henry Moore. It was last exhibited in Delhi 10 years ago. Shri Bhavani Museum has a large section dedicated to stone created structures including the famous 'Mother and Child' by Henry Moore. The museum has four sections entirely devoted to Western paintings that includes Madonna of the Book by Andrea Del Sarto; a Rembrandt selfportrait, In The Prison Of Aurangzeb by A.H. Muller, Beggar Boy by Bartona Morilla, Franciso by L. Goya, Boy Volunteer by G.G. Hierice, Game of Draughts by F. Morelli, Pairs by Cornil and many more. Nearest railway station is at Satara Road. Timings: 10.00 am to 1.00 pm and 2.00 pm to 5.00 pm Closed On: Mondays Taraporewala Aquarium Taraporewala Aquarium is at congested locality of Marine Drive in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has marine life and rare species of fishes and exquisite pearl jewellery. The aquarium has plans to renovate shortly into a high-tech Aquarium with special attractions like glass vision seaworld and an underwater sea walk. The first President of free India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad formally opened it in 1951. The Aquarium has sea life like shark, octopus, kite fish, corals, worms, sea flower, sea horses, pearls and shells. Articles crafted from shells and pearls are also displayed here. Mumbai is well connected by air, rail and road with major cities of India. Closed On: Mondays Tribal Museum Tribal Museum is located at Pune in Maharashtra. It is near the railway line, which is just east to the railway station. Maharashtra is a vast state and there are a number of tribals in this state. Having different languages, these tribes have their own food habits, taboos, and beliefs - in short distinct cultures. Tribal Museum exhibits the cultures of the tribal communities mainly from the Sahyadari and Gondwana regions. It is a place where one can find to get an insight into the lives of the tribal communities of Maharashtra. Pune is well connected by air, rail and road with any city of India. Timings: 10.00 am to 5.00 pm Closed on: Sundays and government holidays. Entry: Free Photography: Allowed with permission Victoria & Albert Museum
Veermata Jeejamata Museum, also known as Victoria and Albert Museum is in Mumbai, Maharashtra. This museum is also known as Bhau Daji Lad Museum, as Bhau Daji Lad put all his efforts to establish this museum. The museum has Mumbai city's past item like archaeological finds, maps and photographs. Rock cut elephants, which was brought by British in 1865 from Elephanta Island, is preserved here. The surrounding is Botanic Gardens spreading on an area of 48 acres. Clay models equivalent of firka paintings made for the British in the 'Company' period-'illustrating' Indian types, and costumes, and trades and professions; finely wrought silver and copper ware; votive bronzes to fossils and minerals, delicate ivories to models of temples made from pith are some of the fine collections of this museum. Photographs of old Bombay and European bric-a-brac; wonderful Armour and garishly coloured 'fruit' models are also displayed in the museum. Closed on: Wednesday Timings: 9:00 am to 5:30 pm
Maharashtra Safari
Safaris in Maharashtra can be done mainly at Tadoba National Park, Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Navegoan National Park. Spreading over an area of 135 sq km, it consists of a deer park, an aviary and three beautifully landscaped gardens. One can also enjoy staying in a unique treetop house and riding a power or sailboat on lake. So, safari in this park is really a thrilling experience. Tadoba National Park is known as 'The Jewel of Vidarbha' because of rich natural resources. It is a heaven for wildlife enthusiasts. A 12-seater minibus is also available at Tadoba for jungle safari for the convenience of the visitors. Binoculars and camera can be used for better viewing. Then one can enjoy the lion and tiger safari at Sanjay Gandhi National Park. The park is also known as the Borivali National Park. The area was developed keeping in mind the natural habitats and habits of tigers, with ample tall grass, lakes, ponds and islands. A 5 m high and 2,200 meter long protective fencing surrounds the area. Safari in Navegoan National Park
The Navegaon National Park is located in Navegoan in Gondia, Maharashtra. It is one of the most popular forest resorts in the Vidarbha region. Spreading over an area of 135 sq km, it consists of a deer park, an aviary and three beautifully landscaped gardens. One can see tiger, panther, sambar, chital, langurs and other animals during the safari. Staying in a unique treetop house and riding a power or sailboat on the lake, are the other thrilling pastimes that the park offers. Nearest airport is at Nagpur, which is 142 km away from the park, while Deulgaon on ChandrapurGondia railway line is the nearest railway station, which is 2 km away from the park. The nearest bus stand is Navegaon 10 km away from the park. One can stay at the Rest Houses or Youth Hostel in Gondia. Apart from the regular suites and cottages, it also offers a unique tree top retreat with two suites and reservations by MTDC. April to May is the best time to visit this national park. Temperatures are pleasant all year round. 4.00 am to 7.00 pm are the entry hours. Safari at Tadoba National Park Tadoba National Park spreads over 120 sq km, which is at an altitude of 200m. It is located 100 km south of Nagpur and 45 km north of Chandrapur. It is the oldest national park in Maharashtra. Tadoba National Park comes under Project Tiger reserve since 1993. The national park is called 'The Jewel of Vidarbha', as it is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. The main attraction is its jungle safari. A 12-seater minibus is also available at Tadoba for jungle safari for the convenience of the visitors. Binoculars and camera can be used for better viewing. Nearest airport is at Nagpur, which is 158 km away from the park, nearest railhead is at Chandrapur (45 km away from the park). Time: 6.00 am to 11.00 am and 3.00 pm to 6.00 pm
Sanjay Gandhi National Park Safari Sanjay Gandhi National Park, also known as Borivali National Park is located at the suburb of Borivali, Mumbai. The main attraction of the park is its lion and tiger safari. One of the main attractions to the National Park is the lion safari, which has been drawing people to the park ever since it was started. The twelve-hectare Lion Safari Park with crisscrossed roads, offer close encounter with the majestic king, from special buses. There are about 25 lions and six tigers, including 2 white Indian tigers in the park. The lion safari is done on a 12-hectare area, while tiger safari on 20 hectares. Thick dense forest covers the area, with different types of tress like teak, bamboo, ain, khair, kusum and others. The area was developed keeping in mind the natural habitats and habits of tigers, with ample tall grass, lakes, ponds and islands. A 5 m high and 2,200 meter long protective fencing surrounds the area. Special cages have been made for tigers for having meals and sleeping at night. Two watch towers have been provided for the safety of the tourists.
Nearest airport is Santa Cruz, which is at a distance of 16 km for domestic air travel; nearest railway station is at a distance of 40 km in Mumabi. Sanctuary Timings: 9.00 am to 5.30 pm Safari Timings: Morning session: 9.00 am to 1.00 pm Evening session: 2.20 pm to 5.20 pm
Maharashtra Wildlife
Maharashtra is home to many wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. These national parks and sanctuaries are home to many rare species of flora and fauna. Thanks to the state government, these parks are well safeguarded and try to upgrade with every year to attract foreign and domestic tourists. Modern amenities such as jeep rides, night safaris, library and audio-visual facilities, comfortable accommodation and efficient transport are also available at these parks at a nominal charge. Most of the sanctuaries and the park have lakes with serene beauty. Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary, Tadoba National Park, Chikhaldhara, Dajipur, Bharmragarh Wild Life Sanctuary, Navegaon National Park, Tipeshwer, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary are the important sanctuaries in Maharashtra. Pench Jungle camp is a special accommodation facility available at the Pench National Park, which is located on the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary has many types of wild animals like leopard, jungle fowl, wild boar and sloth bear, barking deer, blue bull, peacock and flying squirrel. The entire area is covered with the moist deciduous mix forests. Gond-Madia tribes are the people who are residing in and around the Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary. They are still leading their primitive life, mainly depending on the forest for their day-to-day needs. The local dialect is Madia and Gondi. Hemalkasa Lok Biradari Project run by Dr Prakash Amte is the other place of interest around the sanctuary. February to May is the best time to visit. Nagpur is the closest airport (370 km), while nearest railway station is Ballarpur (197 km). Nearest main bus stations are Aheri (102 km), Ballarpur and Chandrapur (212 kms). Bor Wildlife Sanctuary Bor Wildlife Sanctuary is located at Hingni in Wardha, Maharashtra. It covers an area of 61.10 sq km. It includes 3,237 hectares of Reserve Forest, 2,213 hectares of Protected Forest, and 660 hectares of Unclassified Forest. Bor Wildlife Sanctuary is covered with southern mixed dry deciduous forest. Teak, ain, tendu and bamboo are the main species of flora in this sanctuary. Tigers, panthers, bisons, blue bulls, chitals, sambars, peacocks, barking deers, chinkara, monkeys, wild boars, bears and wild dogs are the important faunas of the sanctuary. April to May is the best time to visit of this sanctuary. Nearest railway station is at Wardha (35 km), while Nagpur is the nearest airport (80 km). Hingni (5 km) is the nearest bus station.
Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary is home to nearly 131 species of wild animals like tiger, leopard, jungle cat, sloth bear and wild dog. Many of the species are included under the endangered species' list like two species of bird, two species of reptiles, Indian python and common Indian monitar. Wild boar, spotted deer, sambar, barking deer, blue bull, jungle cat, jackal, peacock, jungle fowl and flying squirrel are also found in this sanctuary. Tribals of Gond community are local people in and around the Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary. Local language is Marathi, Telugu, Madia and Gondi. Prashant Dham at Chaprala, Chaprala Temple and Markanda Temple are other places of other interest around the sanctuary. Best time to visit this sanctuary between February and May. Nearest airport is at Nagpur (243 km), while nearest railway station is at Ballarpur (70 km). Chikhaldhara Wildlife
Chikhaldara is in Amaravati district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It is believed that its name is derived from Keechaka. This hill station is the only hill station, which offers the tourists lots of wildlife, viewpoints, lakes and waterfalls in the Vidharba region. Chikhaldara is situated at an altitude of 1,118 m. This place is the only coffee-growing area in Maharashtra. Chikhaldara is full of deep valleys, and these valleys are full of velvet mist and majestic trees. Abundance of natural scenery, exciting wildlife, breathtaking waterfalls and placid lake make the hill station a perfect site for summer retreat. Popular as the Melghat Tiger Project and Dhakana-Kolkaz National Park, this station has wildlife like panthers, sloth bears, sambar, wild boar, and wild dogs. Tourists can also enjoy the panoramic view of this hill resort from Hurricane Point, Prospect Point, and Devi Point. Gawilgad and Narnala fort, Pandit Nehru Botanical Gardens, Tribal Museum and Semadoh Lake are other destinations of this hill station. Chikaldhara's cool breezy climate makes it an excellent place to repose in summer. Nearest airport is Akola (150 km), while nearest railway station is Badnera (110 km). Nearest bus depot is in Amravathi (100 km). Accommodation is available at Chikhaldara. Dajipur Wildlife Sanctuary Dajipur is situated on the border of Kolhapur and Sindhudurg districts. Rugged mountains and dense forests surround this hilly area. This quiet little place is completely cut-off from human blare. Dajipur is home to bison, wild deer, chital, gawa and many more spectacular wild animals and birds. Situating at 1200 metres above the sea level, it is an exciting and beautiful holiday getaway. An excursion in the vicinity to the Gagangiri Maharaj's Math makes a pleasant outing for the tourists. This scenic resort near the backwaters of the Radhanagari Dam is highly recommended for wildlife lovers and nature enthusiasts.
Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary Adorned with a picturesque landscape and abundant vegetation, Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary has 34 species of mammals, 166 species of birds, 36 species of reptiles and four species of amphibians. Apart from it, different species of insects, ants and butterflies are also available here. Tiger, panther, bison, sambar, nilgai, chital, wild boar, sloth bear and wild dog are the main wildlife of Nagzira. Nearly 30,000 tourists visit this sanctuary annually. Navegaon National Park (50 km), Itiadoh Dam (65 km), Tibetan Camp at Gothangaon (60 km) and Pratapgad (70 km) are the other attractions of this sanctuary.
For most of the year, temperatures are moderate and pleasant. April and May are the best time to visit. Nearest airport is at Nagpur, nearest bus stand is at Sakoli (22 km). Nearest railway stations are Gondia (45 km) and Bhandara (75 km). Navegaon National Park Navegaon is a very popular forest resort in the Vidarbha region. This eastern most part of Maharashtra was built in the 18th century. There is also a picturesque lake that situates amidst the green hills of Navegaon. There is a watchtower at Navegaon National Park; from there one can get a panoramic view of the surrounding forest. Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Navegaon is home for almost 60% of the bird species found in the entire Maharashtra. Thousands of beautiful migratory birds flock the lake every winter. While enjoying the jungle safari, one can see leopards, sloth bears, gaurs, sambars, chitals and langoors. One can also enjoy staying at a unique treetop house, riding a power or sailboat on the lake, are thrilling pastimes. Nearly 50,000 tourists visit this place annually. Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary (60 km), Itiadoh Dam (20 km), Tibetan Camp at Gothangaon (15 km) and Pratapgad (15 km) are the places of interest around the national park. Nearest airport is at Nagpur (150 km), while nearest railhead is at Deulgaon (2 km). Nearest bus stand is Navegaon at a distance of 10 km. Pench National Park Pench National Park is located on the border of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, which is at a distance of 70 km from Nagpur. The National Park covers an area of 257.26 sq km. It is covered with the southern topical dry deciduous forest. Pench National Park comes under the Project Tiger network for special reserves. Tiger, panther, gaur, sambar, chital, barking deer, blue bull, macaque, langoor, wild boar, bear, wild dogs and civet cat are the wild animals which are found in this National Park. This undulating terrain is covered with small hills, steeply sloping on the sides. For accommodation, there is Pench Jungle camp, which spreads out over 11acres with 12 Deluxe Safari style canvas tents, waterproof, pitched on a platform. There are also 4 spacious A/C rooms with attached toilets. All the rooms have attached bathroom, tiled, running hot and cold water, with LPG geysers, anti skid bathroom tiles. Billiards room, Pool table, Badminton courts, host of indoor games, swimming Pool with a filtration plant, Wildlife research center, Coffee maker in room and multi cuisine Restaurant are also there at the camp. It is best to visit the Pench National Park between February and April. Nagpur is the nearest airport and railway station (70 km). Tadoba National Park Tadoba National Park is a large park covered with lush, green forestland. It is situated at a distance of 45 km from Chandrapur. Tigers, leopards, gaurs, nilgais, sambars and
chitals can be seen at night in this park. There is also a lake at the park. Tiger, leopard, leopard cat, Indian wild dog, sloth bear, hyena, wild boar, spotted deer, barking deer, blue bull, four-horned antelope, Indian pangolin and porcupine are the wild animals of this park. February to May is the best time to visit. Around 90,000 people visit the park annually. Nearest airport is at Nagpur (140 km), while nearest railway station is at Chandrapur (45 km). Nearest main bus stand is Chandrapur and Chimur (32 km). Tipeshwer Sanctuary Black buck, blue bull, chital, sambar, peacock, hare, snake, monkey, wild boar, bear, wild cat, wolf and jackal are the wild animals that are abundantly seen at the Tipeswher sanctuary. Temperatures are quite pleasant all around the year, although there are three seasons namely summer, winter and the monsoons. Best time to visit is during April and May. Nagpur is the nearest airport which 172 km, Yavatmal (70kms) and Adilabad in Andhra Pradesh (35 kms) is convenient railhead, nearest bus station is Pandharkawada 22 km away on NH7.
Trekking in Maharashtra
Trekking in Maharashtra might not be that adventurous and risky like any Himalayan trekking. It is calm and easy; still it is enjoying and thrilling giving a lifetime experience. Sahydris is the most important trekking region in the state. Sahyadri is known to be a trekker's paradise with green hills, dotted lakes and forests all around. This region is popular for its incredible historic forts and wonderful ancient Buddhist caves. Having exotic natural locations, Rajmachi Fort too is famous for trekking. This beautiful place is a historic site as well. Rajmachi can be reached via the town of Lonavla along the Khandala plateau. Fort trekking can also be done at Karla Caves and Bedsa Caves. This trekking is long trekking involving different caves. Trekking in Rajmachi Fort Rajmachi Fort is famous for trekking. The beautiful place is has exotic natural locations as well as it is a historic site. Rajmachi can be reached via the town of Lonavla along the
Khandala plateau. Lonavla is an important train station on the Indian rail network. It is most convenient to start the trekking from the morning itself at around 11am. Near Kalbhairavnath Temple, there is some space that can be used as a campsite. Those who do not want to stay outside can stay inside the temple. There is a tank, which is 100m away on a path to the left of the temple, water is available here. One has to cook his own food or buy some villagemade food of Bhakri and Chutney. Once the trekkers reach the fort, one will realize that the climb was really meaningful. Opposite to Kalbhairavnath Temple, there is another fort called Shreevardhan. The fort has lots of secret tunnels leading to battlements. There is a place called Manranjan behind the temple that gives one a nice view of the plains. Trekkers who want to explore the area can go the base of Manranjan where there are some simple rock-cut caves. Return route is easier to follow; still trekkers are to be careful while getting down from the steep slopes. Trekking in The Sahyadris In Maharashtra, Western Ghats is called Sahyadri in local Marathi language. Sahyadri is known to be a trekker's paradise with green hills, dotted lakes and forests all around. This region is popular for its incredible historic forts and wonderful ancient Buddhist caves. Sahyadris are not very high hills but they are extremely rocky. This can give some with some unique, formidable pinnacles for the avid rock climber. Trekking in the Sahyadri would make the trekkers to the medieval forts. These treks are classified according to region as - Nasik region, Pune region, Koyna-Satara region and Warna-Amboli region, which are still unexplored by people. Trekking in Waki Woods Waki Woods is just 30 km away from Nagpur on Saoner Road near Warki Dargha. This resort offers activities like bird watching, boating, archery, riding etc. So, this place is regarded to be very much suitable for trekking. Large numbers of trekking lovers flock here for a wonderful trekking experience. Facilities like furnishedtented accommodation, electricity, water, and telephone make the experience more comfortable. There are also other lakes, wild life and bird sanctuaries, picnic spots and places of tourist interest within driving distance of Nagpur city. Trekking at Karla Caves Karla caves is not that tough to trek. This 2000-year old caves have lots of Buddhists architecture. Karla was built in 2nd century BC. These caves are the best-known examples of the rock cut caves in Maharashtra. These caves are mostly Buddhists monasteries. Having largest cluster of Chaitya caves, Karla Mountains are old as to 160 BC. The mountain has appropriate terrain for a rock climber to reach up to the top. Such types of architectures can also be seen at Sahyadris and Bedsa caves. These Buddhist caves served as monasteries Trekking begins when one reaches Kamshet station by local train either from Pune or Lonavla.
From here, one has to catch a bus or a jeep for Bedsa village. A steep trail, which takes about 45 minutes, leads to the top of Bedsa hill from Bedsa village. Then one must move towards Visapur fort and Lohagad fort. Then trekkers reach Bhaja forts, the way from Bedsa to Bhaja might sometimes be complicated but one can pay a villager from Bedsa to escort up to Bhaja. It is advisable to leave early in the morning during summer, as it is a hot 5-hour walk. But from Bhaja caves, it's an easy 10-minute walk to Bhaja village along steps built into the hillside. Here, one can buy food or provisions and make telephone calls. A twenty-minute walk will bring one to Malavali station. This road will cross the railway track and the Bombay-Pune highway and eventually get one to Karla caves in about an hour and a half. Bhandardara, another popular adventure is at a distance of 180 km by road. This place has a stunning lake surrounded by hills.
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Maharashtra Tourist Attractions
Alibag: It is in Raigad District. It is situated very close to the Arabian Sea and is a wonderful place for relaxation. Alibag has beaches and historical monuments like forts, temples and beautiful beaches. Appu Ghar: It is in Pune. Number of children games is available at this fun park. Appu Ghar also attracts youngsters. There is a cool and comely Lake for older generation people near the park. For games, funs and frolics, it is a place worth visiting. Baneshwar: It is situated 30 km away from Pune. This place is known for its scenic beauty and Baneshwar Temple. There is a garden and a small stream behind the temple. Visitors enjoy playing and swimming over here. Bhushi Dam: It is a very popular picnic spot, which is located at a distance of about 5 km from Lonavala. A wonderful waterfall near the dam is one of the most thrilling spot. The dam is full with
rainwater in monsoon. Brahmagiri: It is located in Nashik. This is a mountain of 550m in height. Brahmagiri is the source of the Holy Godavari River. Godavari flows in three directions from the mountain - Godavari, Vaitarna, Chakra Tirth. Kolambika Devi Temple, Kolambika Devi Temple and Gorakh Gumpha Ganga Sagar are the other attractions near it. Chaul: It is an old Portuguese settlement, located 40 km south of Mumbai. Portuguese settled here in 1522, and this area was later taken over by the Marathas. Visitors can find forts, churches, ancient Buddhist caves, temples and the ruins of an old Portuguese palace here. Deolali Camp: It is one of the oldest important Indian army military centres. It is located 16 km away from Nashik. One can also shop at Deolali market near the camp. There is the famous temple of Lord Khandoba on the hills. Esselworld: It is Mumbai's only international-style theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach. Esselworld offers over 40 exciting rides, games, and attractions. The Water Kingdom of the fun park is said to be the largest of its kind in Asia. Film City: It is located away from Mumbai's hurly burly life, on a quiet locality of Aarey Colony. The Film City is equipped studios, recording room, a theater, and facilities like garden, lakes, ground for fighting scenes, helipads etc. for outdoor shooting. Snake Park: It is at Pune since 1986. The park has collection of a wide range of reptiles, birds, and others. The special attraction is the six-year-old, nine feet long King Cobra. Temples of Lord Shiva, Lord Ganesha, Vishnu and Kartikeya, Goddess Parvati are also there near the park.
Khadakwasla and Panshet Dam: These dams provide water to the entire Pune city. It is half and hour from Pune and two and half-hour from Mumbai. The amazing view of Sinhagad and Peacock Bay is again a major attraction of Khadawasla. Panshet is very popular for water sports like Speed Boats and Water Scooters etc. One can have a nice road to Panshet surrounded by dark green woods. Koyna Dam: It is known as one of the largest Hydroelectric Power plants in India. Having highest rainfall in the region, locality of the dam is gifted with thick forests. Best time to visit the dam is during the rainy days. Vadhu and Tulapur: Sambhaji, son of Shivaji was killed in Tulapur and his samadhi was built in Vadhu. Tulapur is famous for the temple of Lord Shiva as well. In this temple, also known as Sangameshwar, Sambhaji was arrested by Aurangzeb and was later killed. Tulapur was originally known as 'Nagargaon'.
Climate of Maharashtra
Maharashtra has typical monsoon climate, with hot, rainy and cold weather seasons. Tropical conditions prevail all over the state, and even the hill stations are not that cold. Dew, frost, hail can also be happened sometimes according to the seasonal weather. Summer: March, April and May are the hottest months. During April and May thunderstorms are common all over the state. Temperature varies between 22°C-39°C during this season. Rainy: Rainfall starts normally in the first week of June. July is the wettest month in Maharashtra, while August too gets substantial rain. Monsoon starts its retreat with the coming of September from the state. Winter: Cool dry spell, with clear skies gentle breeze and pleasant weather prevails from November to February. But the eastern part of Maharashtra sometimes receives some rainfall. Temperature varies between 12°C-34°C during this season. Rainfall: Rainfall in Maharashtra differs from region to region. Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri and
Sindhudurg districts, receive heavy rains of an average of 200 centimeters annually. But the districts of Nasik, Pune, Ahmednagar, Dhule, Jalgaon, Satara, Sangli, Solapur and parts of Kolhapur get rainfall less than 50 centimeters. Rainfall particularly concentrates to the Konkan and Sahyadrian Maharashtra. Central Maharashtra receives less rainfall. However, under the influence of the Bay of Bengal, eastern Vidarbha receives good rainfall in July, August and September.
Gardens of Maharashtra
University Park: Pune University's premise spreads over 400 acres of sprawling grounds with quiet roads and small open canteens towards the city suburbs. Mr.Woodrew laid out the university garden. Spending a pleasant quiet evening at this garden is refreshing. Townhall Garden: Covering an area of about 7 to 8 acres, Townhall garden is at Kolhapur city. The garden has full of old precious tropical and exotic trees, shrubs, lawns, creepers and climbers. The construction of the Townhall building was completed in the year 1876, while the Glasshouse was constructed in the year 1904 and Marble bust of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was installed in the year 1927. An archaeological museum has been added to the beauty. Saras Baug: Saras Baug is at Pune. The garden has pleasant lawns and a famous Ganesh Temple, which was built by Madhavrao Peshwa. The best time to visit this garden is in the evening. Ryewood Park: Ryewood Park is at Lonavala city, just half km from Lonavala railway station. Covering an area of about 25 acres, the garden has full of natural vegetation, grooves of evergreen deciduous trees, creepers and climbers. There is an old Mahadeo temple in this park. The garden is regarded to be very good picnic spot for Mumbai-Pune public.
Katraj Snake Park: Katraj Snake Park is 20 km away from the railway station. The park is an artificial habitat for about 300-350 snakes of 40 different species, other wildlife like leopard, the deer and reptiles. Renowned naturalist, Mr. Neelim Kumar Khaire set up the snake park in the year 1986. Kamala Nehru Park: Kamala Nehru Park is on the top of the Malabar hills, which offers superb views of Mumbai. Built in 1952, the park is named after the wife of India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The park spreads over an area of 4,000 square yards. One can enjoy a magnificent view of Marine Drive, or 'Queen's Necklace' at night. Hanging Gardens: Hanging Garden is also on the Malabar Hill. One can enjoy a panoramic view towards Mumbai's Colaba area, and the view of sunset is breathtaking. The garden is built over three reservoirs, which store 30 million gallons of water pumped here for cleaning before being supplied to the town. The garden is well maintained. Joggers and fitness freaks flock to the garden in the morning and evening. Empress Garden: The Empress garden is a botanical garden, which is located on the Sholapur highway with different varieties of flowers and trees. This botanical garden covers a large area in the heart of the Pune cantonment, very close to the Pune racecourse. The garden, which is a wellknown picnic spot, has appealing lawns. Bund Gardens: Sir Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy constructed the Bund Gardens. The Bund gardens, which are next to the river, are just the place for evening strolls on the lush green grass. Boating and rowing facilities are also available over here. There is a Ganesh temple situated in the vicinity of the park too. Agakhan Palace Garden: Agakhan palace is situated 2 km away from Bund Garden in Yerwada on Pune-Nagar road. Mahatma Gandhi, Kasturba Gandhi, Shri Mahadeobhai Desai, Dr.Sarojini Naidu and others were kept under imprisonment in the Agakhan palace during Quit India movement of 1942. All the materials used by Mahatma Gandhi and Kasturba Gandhi is preserved here.
Maharashtra Lakes
Having nearly around 23 lakes, Thane is popularly known as the 'City of Lakes' in Maharashtra. Talao Pali Lake, Upvan Lake are the most important most crowded lakes of the city. It is believed that Rankala Lake in Kolhapur is the oldest of all lakes in Maharashtra. Ramkunk Lake in Nashik is popular, as it is believed that Lord Rama and Sita used to take bath in this lake during their exile. The Mushi lake near Lonavala, Venna lake in Mahabaleshwar, Khindsey and Ambazari lakes near Nagpur, Lonar lake in Buldhana district, Pashan and Pimpri lakes in Pune and the Tansa, Tulsi, Vihar and Powai lakes in Mumbai are the lakes which attracts lots of visitors and popular as picnic spots where tourist groups often go for excursion on weekends and holidays.
Maharashtra Geography
Maharashtra is a state in the western sea coastline of India. It is surrounded by Goa and Karnataka states in south, Andhra Pradesh in southeast, Gujarat, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Madhya Pradesh in north, Chhattisgarh in east, and the Arabian Sea in west. Maharashtra is the third-largest state of India, both in area and population. Its coastline is 330 miles (530 km) long along the Arabian Sea. Rice is the dominant crop of the state, but cashews, mangoes, vegetable cotton, oilseeds, and tobacco are also important. The state has tropical monsoon climate with seasonal rains as heavy as over 400 cm in some regions. Warm summer starts from March onwards up to late October, while winters are mild. Forests comprise 17% of the total area of the state. Majority of the forests are in the eastern and Sahyadri regions of the state. Main Rivers of the state are Krishna, Bhima, Godavari, Tapi-Purna and Wardha-Wainganga. Maharashtra is divided into five geographic regions. Konkan is the western coastal region, between the Western Ghats and the sea. Major cities include Mumbai, Thane, Ulhasnagar, Bhiwandi, Ratnagiri and Chiplun. Kandesh is the northwestern region lying in the valley of the Tapti River. Jalgaon, Dhulia and Bhusawal are the major cities of this region. Desh is in the centre of the state. This is the most significant region of the Maratha state. Pune was the capital of the Maratha Empire. Other important cities include Nasik, Sangli, Sholapur, and Kolhapur. Marathwada, which was a part of the princely state of Hyderabad until 1956, is located in the southeastern part of the state. Aurangabad is the main city of the region. Vidarbha is the easternmost region of the state, formerly part of Central Provinces and Berar. Nagpur is the main city in the region. Physical features of Maharsahtra divided into Deccan plateau, which is separated from the Konkan coastline by 'Ghats'. The Ghats are a succession of steep hills, periodically bisected by narrow roads. Most of the famous hill stations of the state are at the Ghats. Sahyadri range with an elevation of 1000 meters is known for its crowning plateaus. Lying between the Arabian Sea and the Sahyadri Range, Konkan is narrow coastal lowland, just 50 km wide and with an elevation below 200 meters.
Maharashtra History
The name Maharashtra is believed to be originated from rathi, which means chariot driver. Maharashtra entered the recorded history in the 2nd century BC, with the construction of its first Buddhist caves. The name, Maharashtra first appeared in a 7th century in the account of a contemporary Chinese traveler, Huan Tsang. According to the recorded History, the first Hindu King ruled the state during 6th century, based in Badami. Shivaji Bhosle, the founder of the Maratha Empire, did a lifelong struggle against the Mughals. By 1680, the year of Shivaji's death, nearly the whole of Deccan belonged to his empire. Shivaji was a great warrior and one of the finest rulers of India, so he holds the highest place in Maratha history. Sambhaji succeeded Shivaji, but he is not great as his father Shivaji. 1680 to 1707 is known as the period of instability in the history of Maharashtra. Balaji Vishwanath (1712-1721), Bajirao Peshwa (1721-1740), Nanasaheb Peshwa (1740-1761), 'Thorale' Madhaorao Peshwa (1761-1772,
Narayanrao Peshwa (1772-1773), 'Sawai' Madhaorao Peshwa (1774-1795) and 'Second' Bajirao Peshwa - 1795 to 1802 were the other important rulers of Maharashtra. The fall of Ahmednagar fort in 1803 marked the end of Indian rule and supremacy of British in Deccan. In 1804, General Wellesly proclaimed the Deccan in a state of chaos, established military rule and the Peshwas remained rulers for namesake. The present state was formed in 1960 with Bombay as the capital, when the Marathi and Gujarati linguistic areas of former Bombay state were separated. Maharashtra became the main channel of cultural exchange between southern to northern India.
Maharashtra Languages
Main languages are Marathi, Hindi and English. Marathi and Hindi are mostly understood all over the state. But different regions have their own dialects. English is applicable in urban areas. Spoken Marathi language changes with every change of district or area or locality in its tone and a few words. The Marathi script doesn't have any silent pronunciation making the language so phonetic. Konkani is also spoken in some areas of Maharashtra. Other major dialects include Varhadii spoken in the Vidarbha region and Dangii spoken near Maharashtra-Gujarat border. Alphabet 'L' is abundantly used in many verbs and nouns in Marathi. It is replaced by the letter 'y' in the Varhadii dialect, which makes it quite distinct.
Maharashtra Rivers
Godavari River: The Godavari River rises from a place near Nashik in Maharashtra, which is at the elevation of
1,465 km. It flows nearly around 1,465 km before falling to Bay of Bengal. The Parvara, the Purna, the Manjra, the Penganga, the Wardha, the Wainganga, the Indravati and the Kolab are the major tributaries of the river. Godavari Basin extends over an area of 312,812 km in five states, which is nearly 9.5% of the total geographical area of the country. 'Vishnupuri Prakalp', Asia's largest Lift irrigation project is constructed on the river just 5 km away from Nanded city. Krishna River: The Krishna River rises from a place with an elevation of 1337m north of Mahabaleshwar. The Ghataprabha, the Malaprabha, the Bhima, the Tungabhadra and the Musik are the principal tributaries joining Krishna. Krishna Basin extends over in three states with an area of 258,948 km2, which is nearly 8% of the total geographical area of the country. Tapi River: Tapi River rises from a place with an elevation of 752m near Multai in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. It flows for about 724 km before out falling into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Cambay. The Purna, the Girna, the Panjhra, the Vaghur, the Bori and the Aner are the principal tributaries of Tapi. Tapi Basin extends in three states with over an area of 65,145 km2, which is nearly 2.0% of total geographical area of the country.
Shopping in Maharashtra
Shopping in Maharashtra offers diverse varieties. As Maharashtra is a vast district has its own ranges of shopping to which can be suited to Bazaar, Mutton Street important areas, where
state, every region and every specialty. Mumbai offers wide visitors. There are marketplaces, every type of pockets. Chor and Zaveri Bazar are some of the shoppers enjoy with delight.
The shopping arcades of five-star hotels like Oberoi and Taj Mahal offer a good variety of upmarket shops. In central and suburban Mumbai, the Dadar, Bandra-Linking Road, and Juhu Road areas are good spots for shopping. Colaba and Flora Fountain (Hutatama Chowk) has full of shopping items like ethnic artifacts and departmental stores. State emporiums at the World Trade Centre, at Cuffe Parade are a perfect for buying souvenir, a rare artifact or textiles. The prices at the Central Cottage Industries Emporium (Apollo Bunder) and Khadi Village Industries Emporium (D.N.Road) are fixed. But the quality is genuine.
When we talk of shopping in Aurangabad, himroo shawls, mashroo and kimkhab weaves click on one's mind. We can't also forget the well-known fine paithani silk sarees. The silver inlay craft of Bidri ware too is world famous. Shopping in Pune too is like that of Mumbai. Jewellery, Maharashtrian traditional wares, pearl nose ring, necklace and the nine-yard sarees are readily available at Tulsi Baug. Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar or Deccan Gymkhana is another place for good shopping, while Mahatma Gandhi Road is a place with big stores. Kolhapur is popular for its cotton textiles, in particular Kolhapuri sarees. This city is also popular for its jewellery and leather sandals or Kolhapuri chappals. Kolhapur is also famous for its special type of necklace called Kolhapur saaj. This jewellery is very much special for Maharashtrian women. Har and malas, mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, kolhapuri saaj, pohehar and putlihar are the jewelleries that are made in Kolhapur. These names are derived from the peculiar shapes of the jewelleries. Thushi, a choker with closely bound tiny gold beads, is very popular in Kolhapur. In Nagpur, Sitabuldi, WHC Road, Dharampeth Road, Residency Road (Sadar) are famous for shopping. Poonam Chambers in Chhindwara Road is a shopping mall for branded clothes and nonbranded clothes, shoes, super bazaar, gifts and cards, jewellry shops, furniture, snacks and fast food, and music. Nagpur is famous for its world-class oranges as well. Orange products like jam, jelly, marmalade and fruit squash can also be purchased in cheapest rates with best quality. In Nashik one can find wide varieties of little brass statues and beaded necklaces are available everywhere. Nashik is popular for its jewellery as well.
Theatre in Maharashtra
Marathi theatre is alive because of good writers, dedicated directors and an admiring audience. The Maharashtra directors are innovative and able to play risk. Unlike other regional theatres, Marathi theatre doesn't carry away with adaptations and translations from other languages. Maharashtrian audience doesn't look theatre just as an entertainment medium; it is more of a tradition in this state. Theatre workshops are organized from time to time to encourage budding artistes. Satyadev Dubey, Mahesh Elkunchwar, G.P Deshpande, Achyut Vaze, Shafad Khan, Chetan Datar, Rajeev Naik and Prashant Dalvi are some of the well-known theatre activists of Maharashtra. Tamasha, which was emerged in 16th century, is the principal form of folk theatre of Maharashtra. Entertainment, serious propaganda and devotion are the three basic elements of tamasha. Songdance troupe and folk-drama troupe are the two types of troupe of this form of folk theatre. Film And Television Institute of India, Pune Training on acting, direction, cinematography, film script writing, editing are given in this premiere institute. This government institute is one of the five prestigious film schools across the globe.
This Film Institute has given the Indian film industry some of the best known acting talents in the country like - Naseeruddin Shah, Shabhana Azmi, Om Puri, Rameshwari, Jaya Bahaduri, Danny Dengzongpa, Mithun Chakraborty, Shatrugan Sinha, Raza Murad, Kiran Kumar, Shakti Kapoor, Uday Chandra, Satish Shah, Rakesh Bedi, Suresh Chatwal, Sudhir Pandey, Rit Rani Kaul and many more.
Transportation
Air: Almost all the major cities of Maharashtra have airports. Sahara (International) and Santa Cruz (Domestic) are the two airports in Mumbai. Flights are operated by both private and government airline companies. Ports: There are nearly around 48 minor ports in Maharashtra. Most of these handle passenger traffic and have a limited capacity. The two principal ports, Jawaharlal Nehru Port and Mumbai Port, which are at Mumbai, are under the control and supervision of the government of India. Railways: Indian Railway has train stations even in almost all the small and remote villages of Maharashtra. Road Transport: Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation's buses ply on over 19,000 routes in the state, covering 1.2 million km. The Corporation has nearly 15,500 buses. In addition to the government services, cities have private and non-private taxis, auto-rickshaws, and intra-city buses, which run efficiently. In Mumbai, the city bus service run by the Bombay Electric Supply and Transportation Undertaking, popularly known as BEST, and local trains are regarded to be the most extensive and well-run public transport systems in the world. The BEST buses carry approximately 4.2 million passengers per day, while local train carries 23 million commuters everyday.
Maharashtra Waterfalls
Dudhsagar waterfall, Thoseghar waterfall, Lingmala fall, Dhobi waterfall, and Chinaman's waterfall are the important waterfalls in Maharashtra. Dudhsagar waterfall, situated at Someshwar is a favourite destination for youngsters where they come often to liven up their spirits. This is one of the best picturesque spots in Nashik. The waterfalls are 10m long and the water is milky white, so it is called Dudhsagar waterfall. Thoseghar, near Satara is famous for its serenity, clam and quiet nature. It is a newly developing picnic spot. Thoseghar is really a wonderful place where one can enjoy the beauty of the nature. July to November is the best season to visit Thoseghar. Dark woods and a clean lake add to the beauty of this hilly region. There are also other small waterfalls here, which are about 15-20 meters high. The highest one is of around 500 meters. Satara is on the Pune - Bangalore Highway, and is about 115 km from Pune. Lingmala Falls, Dhobi Waterfall, and Chinaman's waterfall are the waterfalls in Mahabaleshwar. July to December is the best time to see these waterfalls. Venna Lake is not far from here, which is on the way of Panchgani. Dhobi Waterfall is on the bridle path connecting Petit Road with Old
Mahabaleshwar Road near Lily Cottage. Chinaman's Waterfall is on the Carviali Road, which can also reach by the Tiger Path Road or from Babington Point. Chinese convicts to cultivate the adjoining fields formerly used it; hence the fall is known by this name. Mahabaleshwar is 120 km from Pune via Panchgani.
Maharashtra Travel Tips
Traveling in Maharashtra is not tough as other tourist destinations. People here are friendly and cooperative. The Maharashtra government in collaboration with the central government has instituted many tourist guide centres all over the state in major cities and towns. But still foreign tourists have to know a few costumes and traditions of this state, so that they can enjoy the colourful cultural heritage of this vast state. Every district of Maharashtra has distinct cultures. As India as a whole, is a bit conservative comparing to western countries, foreign tourists must always keep in mind about what they wear and do. Tourists also need to take care of the guidelines of the religious places.
Foreign Consulates in Mumbai
Austria 26, Maker Chambers VI Nariman Point, Mumbai - 400021 Tel No: (+91/22) 2287 4758, (+91/22) 2287 4759, (+91/22) 2287 1734, (+91/22) 2287 0498 Fax: (+91/22) 2287 0502, (+91/22) 2833 4504 Email : [email protected] Web Site:http://www.bmaa.gv.at Canada Consulate General of Canada, Mumbai, 4th Floor, 41/42 Maker Chamber VI, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021, Maharashtra, India. Tel No: (91-022) 2287-6027-30, 2287-5779, 2282-8751/52 Fax
91-022) 2287-5514 Email : [email protected] Web Site:http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/new-delhi ItalyItalian Consulate, Kanchanjunga, 1st Floor, 72 G.Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai - 400 026 Tel No: 0091-22-23804071, 23804073 Fax: 0091-22-23874074, 23811940 Email : [email protected] Web Site: www.italianconsulatemumbai.com Japan Consulate-General of Japan, 28th Floor, Oberoi Towers, Nariman Point, Mumbai-400021. Tel No: 91-22-5632-5000 Fax: 91-22-5632-5050 Web Site:http://www.japan-emb.org.in USA Consulate General, Lincoln House, 78, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai - 400026 Tel No: 022-2363-3611 Email: [email protected] Web Site:http://mumbai.usconsulate.gov
Maharashtra STD Codes
Mumbai 022 Aurangabad 02432 Nagpur 0712 Nasik 0253 Pune 020 Kohlapur 0231 Solapur 0217 Sangli 0233 Buldana 07262 Chandrapur 07172 Jalgaon 0257 Ratnagiri 02352 Amaravati 07222
Tips for tourists
Emergency Numbers
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Police - 100 Fire Force - 101 Railway Enquiry - 301
Customs to keep in Mind
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Not only in Maharsahtra but also in whole India, tourists have to remove shoes before entering any shrine. Tourists are prohibited from using alcoholic beverages or speaking in a raised voice on the premises of any shrine. Women are advised to dress properly, and should cover their head before entering a Sikh Gurudwara or a mosque. Visitors are supposed to step the right foot first into the courtyard when anybody enters a mosque. All leather products like shoes, belts, handbags, camera cases etc. are prohibited in some Hindu and Jain temples. Visitors are to wash their hands and feet under a tap or tank available on the premises before entering the shrines. No visitor in a gurudwara should keep his feet pointing towards the Holy Book or step over any one sitting in prayer or meditation. While spinning a prayer wheel of any Buddhist monastery, one must always remember to follow the clockwise direction. Cushions and chairs inside the monastery are reserved for lamas (monks). Visitors may sit on the steps outside or on the floor.
Language Official and most common language of Maharashtra is Marathi. However, both Hindi and English are also widely spoken.
Conclusion
Tourism has proved to be an engine of growth in many economies in the world. It provides for the generation of income, wealth and employment, and helps in the sustainable development of remote areas. In India, tourism provides direct employment to 9 million people and indirect employment to another 13 million persons, thus providing a livelihood to 22 million persons. Tourism has proved to have negative impacts as well as the positive ones. It is criticised for contaminating indigenous culture. This takes the form of changing values, resulting in social maladies like drug addiction, child prostitution, etc. A far more widespread negative impact is caused by mass tourism in environmentally fragile areas like mountains, hills, deserts and coastal regions. Due to heavy tourist traffic in some areas, the cultural and environmental assets of the community are under threat. Although this phenomenon is not widespread in India, there is a need to take note of the possible negative influences of tourism so that timely preservation action can be taken and irreparable loss avoided. The movement towards ecotourism is at once a threat and an opportunity to create more sustainable tourism: by diverting tourist traffic to ensure the carrying capacity of any destination is not exceeded; by planning for regeneration of natural resources; and
by generating awareness in the host community whereby they are prepared and forearmed to deal with the negative impact of mass tourism. As in most cases, a middle path is the most creative way to maximise the economic potential of tourism, while at the same time minimising the negative social influences and threats to the environment. Only ecotourism where the tourists, the service providers, the host community and authorities are well informed and prepared to harness tourism as an engine of growth can yield sustainable results.
References
• www.india-tourism.com • Pindyck Robert, Daniel Rubinfeld, Prem Mehta, Microeconomics, 6th edition, Pearson education • Economic and Political Weekly Journals – Dec 2008 to June 2009 • World Travel and Tourism Council Economic Impact Report, 2009 • • • • www.ibef.org www.incredibleindia.orghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/index.html
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