Description
sem. II
HYPER TEXT MARK UP LANGUAGE (HTML)
A PROJECT REPORT ON HTML
SUBMITED BY YATIN, SAMEER, DIVYA, ANCHALJIT, ROSY, GOMATHI, GEETA.
SUBMITED TO NES RATNAM COLLEGE
PROJECT GUIDE APARNA CHOUDHARI
N.E.S RATNAM COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE &COMMERCE BHANDUP (W), MUMBAI.400078
1|Page
STUDENTS INVOLVED
NO. NAMES ROLL NO.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
YATIN P.PATIL SAMEER.P.BHAMARE DIVYA JOHN GOMATHI SUBRAMANIAN GEETA MODHLIYAR ANCHALJIT HUNDAL ROSY STEPHEN
36 06 28 16 25 19 29
2|Page
DECLARATION
WE YATIN PATIL, SAMEER BHAMARE, GOMATHI SUBRAMANIAN, DIVYA JOHN, GEETA MODHALIYAM, ANCHALJIT HUNDAL AND ROSY STEPHEN ARE THE STUDENTS OF F.Y.BMS OF NES RATNAM COLLEGE HERE BY DECLARED THAT WE HAVE COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON HYPER TEXT MARK UP LANGUAGE(HTML) FOR THE ACADEMICYEAR 2010-11 THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGNAL TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. STUDENTS SIGN. 1 DATE: 2 3 4 SIGN.OF TEACHER 5 6 7 . . . . . .... ..
3|Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge and extend our heartfelt gratitude to the following persons who have made the completion of this Lecture Notes possible: Our project guide Mrs. Aparna choudhari Sheikh for her vital encouragement and support. As well as for the help and inspiration she extended. We would also like to thank our group members, friends and families who have provided us with help up to a large extent.
And to God , who made all things possible.
4|Page
INDEX
SR NO.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PARTICULARS
INTRODUCTION TAGS USED IN HTML BASIC STRUCTURE OF HTML HOW TO CREAT AND VIEW THE HTML BASIC TAGS USED IN THE HTML PHYSICAL STYLE TAG OTHER TAGS USED IN HTML CREATION OF TABLE IN HTML CREATION OF FORM IN HTML TAGS WITH NAME
PAGE NO.
6 8 9 11 12 14 16 25 29 37
5|Page
INTRODUCTION
There are many markup languages especially used for webpage designing. SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) form a super set of all markup languages like HTML, DHTML, XML, etc. that are in used today. However, the basic markup language is HTML. The full form of html is Hypertext Markup Language. Hypertext is an ordinary text that has some extra features such as images, styles and links to other pages. Markup is the process of adding extra symbols to an ordinary text, which the editor and browser can understand. With the help of HTML, user can create their website which contains audio-video files, text, table, form, frames etc. for creating the html file user have to write some commands in notepad and other text editors it is also called as HTML coding and save it with the extension of .HTML or .HTM.
6|Page
FEATURES OF HTML:
HTML is used to create web pages. The code to create a web page with HTML is written in notepad (in case windows) and the file is then saved with an extension .html. Once the file stored, it is converted in to an IE or Netscape file depending on the browser installed on the system. By doubleclicking the file, the web page can be viewed. HTML can be made interactive by using scripting languages such as VBScript and JavaScript. The web page can be designed in a way the user wants it to appear. One can use the headings, images, various styles such as italic, bold, font color, tables etc. within a HTML page. Moreover HTML also supports the inclusion of sounds and videos into the web page. PROPERTIES OF HTML: 1. It requires a text editor. No special software is need to run HTML pages. 2. It is platform independent. 3. Errors are easy to track in HTML pages. 4. It is not a programming language; hence completion of code is not required. 5. It does not require any expensive licenses to by upgrade. 6. HTML is not case sensitive.
LIMITATION OF HTML: 1. It cannot create interactive web pages; it is not only designing language. 2. It cannot perform any calculations. 3. It cannot display parameters such as date.
7|Page
TAGES USED IN HTML
A tag is a symbol used in HTML, Which is understood by the browser. Every tag starts with () sign. There are two types of tags viz. (a) (b) Container tags. Empty tag.
Container tag contain text embedded between opening (start) tag and closing (end) tags. Closing tags are similar to opening tags except that they can proceed by a (/) symbol. For example, is used to bold a text and it is a start tag, the corresponding closing tag will be . It is also called as paired tag. Empty tags do not have any ending tag e.g.
is used to insert a line break. It is also called as singular tag. Tag attributes: Many start tags can take attributes that effect the behavior of the tag. An attribute is a keyword separated by a space within the angle brackets such as where NOSHADE is the attribute of the tag. Some attributes required a value, proceeding by an equal to sign. For example, where TEXT is an attribute of the tag. If a tag has one or more than one attributes, one of them or more than one of them can be used together depending on the design of the page. 8|Page
BASIC STRUCTURE OF HTML CODING
Basic structure of html is as follows: TITLE OF THE DOCUMENT THE CONTENT OF THE WEB PAGE GOES HERE
1) The HTML code starts with tag that indicates that a HTML page is being created. 2) HTML page contain two sections: the head section, which describes the document and the body section, which contains the document itself. 3) The HEAD section appears start with tag.
9|Page
4) Inside the HEAD section, a title is written which is used to give a title to the web page. The title is written within and tags. The title is displayed on the BLUE TITLE BAR of the browser. 5) To finish the HEAD section tag is used. 6) Next comes to the BODY section that contains the content of the webpage. And also other HTML tags. The BODY section starts with TAG. 7) Then comes to the actual content of the web page. 8) To finish the BODY section, tag is used. 9) Finally, the web page ends with the tag.
To summarize, the and tags contains the and tags, which in turn contains the and tags. The content of the web page is present within and tags which are again present within and tags.
10 | P a g e
HOW TO CREATE AND VIEW THE HTML PAGE
Go to start-Programs- Accessories-Notepad. Write the HTML code. Save this file by using File-save command. Double click on my
computers and then the name of the drive where you want to save the files. A new folder can also be created if desired. In the file name dialog box, replace the word ³untitled´ with a file name and .html extension (for example, firstpage.html) and then click on save. To view the page, go to Internet Explorer or Netscape navigator browser. Give the full path of the HTML document in the address bar and the page will open. Alternatively, after saving the HTML code, you can directly go to the folder where the file has been saved and click on the file directly. Note that the file is converted in to and IE on Netscape files depending on the browser installed on the system. To get back to the HTML code, go to µview¶ on the top menu bar and select the µsource¶ option. You can make changes to the code and the changes can be seen in the page after clicking the µRefresh¶ button on the toolbar of the browser.
11 | P a g e
BASIC TAGS USED IN HTML
(a) :
It is the very first tag used in html code, which indicates that the page is being created using HTML.
(b) :
It contains the « tags.
(c) :
It is used to give the title to the web page. The title appears on the blue title bar of the browser.
(d) :
The content of the web page are written within the AND tags. They may be paragraphs, links, images, tables etc. ATTRIBUTES OF BODY TAG: 1) : The BGCOLOR attribute of the tag changes the background color of the webpage. 2) : The BACKGROUNDCOLOR attribute of the tag is used to put an image in the background of the webpage. 3) : The TEXT attribute of the tag sets the entire content of the web page to the color specified within (³´). 4) : The ALINK and VLINK attribute of tag are used to change the colour of active link and visited link respectively. 12 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF BODY TAG ATTRIBUTE IN HTML
PARAGRAPH ALINK=´RED´ VLINK=´GREEN´
CLICK ON THE TEXT CREATING RIGHT AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc. CREATING CENTER AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc.
13 | P a g e
PHYSICAL STYLE TAG IN HTML
Physical tags are also known as formatting style tags it used to give the various font effects to the text like bold, italic etc. there are various tags in it which are as follows: A. : the text disclosed between and is displayed in bold. EXAMPLE: BOLD B. : the text disclosed between and is displayed in italic. EXAMPLE:ITALIC C. : the text disclosed between and is displayed in underline. EXAMPLE: UNDERLINE D. : The text disclosed between and is displayed in strike off. EXAMPLE: STRIKE E. : it is the subscript tag. The text in between and is displayed as a subscript i.e. a bit lower than the text. EXAMPLE: H2O F. : It is the superscript tag. The text in between and is displayed as a superscript i.e. a bit higher than the text. EXAMPLE: 20TH G. : This tag increases the current font size by one step. It is equivalent to EXAMPLE:
BIG
H. : this tag decreases the current font size by one step. It is equivalent to . EXAMPLE: SMALL
14 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF PHYSICAL STYLE TAGS IN HTML DIFFERENT STYLE TAGS THE TEXT IS DISPLAYED IN BOLD
THE TEXT IS DISPLAYED IN ITALIC
THE TEXT IS DISPLAYED IN UNDERLINE
THE TEXT IS DISPLAYED IN STRIKE OFF
IT IS THE SUBSCRIPT TAG
IT IS THE SUBSCRIPT TAG
THIS IS THE USE OF BIG TAG
THIS IS THE USE OF SMALL TAG
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
15 | P a g e
OTHER TAGS USED IN HTML
THE PARAGRAPH TAG:
It indicates the beginning of a paragraph. A paragraph is created by enclosing the text between and tags.
Attributes of tag:
: The ALIGN attribute is used to align the paragraph of text to a specified position where the position could be: LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER and JUSTIFY. EXAMPLE: the written paragraph starts from right hand side The above statement aligns the paragraph ³the written paragraph starts from right hand side´ to the right hand side of the web page.
16 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF HEADING TAGS IN HTML PARAGRAPH CREATING RIGHT AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc. CREATING CENTER AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc. CREATING JUSTIFY AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc.
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
17 | P a g e
HEADING TAG:
This tag is used to create appropriate headings for a particular paragraph or text. µn¶ can take value from 1 to 6 and hence only 6 levels of headings can be created where every will be the highest with larger font and bolder than lower which in turn will be with larger font and bolder than and so on.
ATTRIBUTES OF THE TAG:
: The ALIGN attribute aligns the text between the heading tag to the LEFT. Other alignments that can be used are: CENTER, RIGHT, JUSTIFY
FOR EXAMPLE: HEADING AT RIGHT HAND SIDE
The above statement aligns the heading ³HEADING AT RIGHT HAND SIDE´ to the right hand side of the web page.
18 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF HEADING TAGS IN HTML
HEADING TAGS
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
19 | P a g e
TAG
It is the image tag. It is used to embed images within the HTML page. The format of this tag is: < IMG SRC=´name of the image along with path´> where SRC stands for µsource¶ as it gives the destination of the image. EXAMPLE:
ATTRIBUTES OF
:
a)
The HEIGHT and WIDTH attributes are used to resize the image i.e. change its height and width.
The ALT attribute is used to display alternate text if the browser is not displaying images. The text within ³´ will be displayed instead of the image. It is especially used because all browsers do not display all types of graphics format files.
The ALIGN attribute is used to position the image on the page. There could be two types of images based on the position that is ³BOTTOM´, ³MIDDLE´ and ³TOP´.
b)
c)
20 | P a g e
ANCHOR TAG
A link is a path or pointer to another document or a page. Links in HTML are created using the ANCHOR TAG viz. EXAMPLE: Click here Where HREF stands for hypertext reference, i.e. the destination page or document. The text in between and behaves a link which when clicked, takes the user to destination document or page. The destination page could be any web page on the World Wide Web or a local page. When user clicks on the link, then the destination web page is opened in new web browser page using attribute ´target´. If value of target attributes is ³self´ the page gets opened in same browser page.
IMAGES AS HYPERLINKS
Instead of using text as hyperlinks, images can be used as hyperlinks. This method of providing visual clues to link is becoming increasingly common on the web. This is done by enclosing the image tag with hyperlink tags, in the same way a text link is created. EXAMPLE:
21 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF ANCHOR TAG IN HTML
LINKS
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
22 | P a g e
HORIZONTAL RULE TAG
It is the µHorizontal rule¶ tag. It is used to divide HTML page in to horizontal sections. This is mostly used for decorating the webpage.
ATTRIBUTES OF TAG
A) The SIZE attribute of tag is used to increase the thickness of the line dividing the page. The number used represents the size in pixels. B) The COLOR attribute of tag is used to change the colour of the line dividing the page. C) The WIDTH attribute of the tag causes the horizontal line to cover only 70% of the browsers.
LINE BREAK TAG
It is the line break tag. This tag is used for a link break. In HTML, the sentences written in the code one below the other appears in a single line on the web page default. Therefore, to display two or more lines of text or words in two different lines
is used between them.
23 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF
& TAGS IN HTML
LINE BREAK & HORIZONTAL TAGS
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CLASS PF COMPUTERS
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
24 | P a g e
TABLES IN HTML
Tables can be created in HTML by using the
tag along with certain another tags like [TD] [TD] ETC.
ATTRIBUTES OF
TAG
A.
The border attribute is used to give an outline border to the table where ³n´ is a number which represents the thickness of the border in pixels. By default there is no for the table. That means by default value of border is 0. B.
The WIDTH attribute is used to set the width of the entire table. It can be number or can be specified as a percentage of the screen. C.
The align attribute is used to align the entire table to the specified ³position´. The default position is to the left. The value of the ³position´ can be: LEFT, CENTER AND RIGHT. D.
The border color attribute is used to change color of table border. This attribute is used only if value of border attribute is more than 0.
25 | P a g e
TABLE ROWS
Table rows can be created by using [TR] tag. The [TR] tag stands for table row that means each new row starts in the table with the help of a [TR] tag.
ENTERING THE DATA IN TO TABLE BY USING makes this particular cell to occupy 50% of the table space horizontally. A numeric value representing the number of pixels can also be specified instead of percentage value.
d)
sem. II
HYPER TEXT MARK UP LANGUAGE (HTML)
A PROJECT REPORT ON HTML
SUBMITED BY YATIN, SAMEER, DIVYA, ANCHALJIT, ROSY, GOMATHI, GEETA.
SUBMITED TO NES RATNAM COLLEGE
PROJECT GUIDE APARNA CHOUDHARI
N.E.S RATNAM COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE &COMMERCE BHANDUP (W), MUMBAI.400078
1|Page
STUDENTS INVOLVED
NO. NAMES ROLL NO.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
YATIN P.PATIL SAMEER.P.BHAMARE DIVYA JOHN GOMATHI SUBRAMANIAN GEETA MODHLIYAR ANCHALJIT HUNDAL ROSY STEPHEN
36 06 28 16 25 19 29
2|Page
DECLARATION
WE YATIN PATIL, SAMEER BHAMARE, GOMATHI SUBRAMANIAN, DIVYA JOHN, GEETA MODHALIYAM, ANCHALJIT HUNDAL AND ROSY STEPHEN ARE THE STUDENTS OF F.Y.BMS OF NES RATNAM COLLEGE HERE BY DECLARED THAT WE HAVE COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON HYPER TEXT MARK UP LANGUAGE(HTML) FOR THE ACADEMICYEAR 2010-11 THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGNAL TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. STUDENTS SIGN. 1 DATE: 2 3 4 SIGN.OF TEACHER 5 6 7 . . . . . .... ..
3|Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge and extend our heartfelt gratitude to the following persons who have made the completion of this Lecture Notes possible: Our project guide Mrs. Aparna choudhari Sheikh for her vital encouragement and support. As well as for the help and inspiration she extended. We would also like to thank our group members, friends and families who have provided us with help up to a large extent.
And to God , who made all things possible.
4|Page
INDEX
SR NO.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PARTICULARS
INTRODUCTION TAGS USED IN HTML BASIC STRUCTURE OF HTML HOW TO CREAT AND VIEW THE HTML BASIC TAGS USED IN THE HTML PHYSICAL STYLE TAG OTHER TAGS USED IN HTML CREATION OF TABLE IN HTML CREATION OF FORM IN HTML TAGS WITH NAME
PAGE NO.
6 8 9 11 12 14 16 25 29 37
5|Page
INTRODUCTION
There are many markup languages especially used for webpage designing. SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) form a super set of all markup languages like HTML, DHTML, XML, etc. that are in used today. However, the basic markup language is HTML. The full form of html is Hypertext Markup Language. Hypertext is an ordinary text that has some extra features such as images, styles and links to other pages. Markup is the process of adding extra symbols to an ordinary text, which the editor and browser can understand. With the help of HTML, user can create their website which contains audio-video files, text, table, form, frames etc. for creating the html file user have to write some commands in notepad and other text editors it is also called as HTML coding and save it with the extension of .HTML or .HTM.
6|Page
FEATURES OF HTML:
HTML is used to create web pages. The code to create a web page with HTML is written in notepad (in case windows) and the file is then saved with an extension .html. Once the file stored, it is converted in to an IE or Netscape file depending on the browser installed on the system. By doubleclicking the file, the web page can be viewed. HTML can be made interactive by using scripting languages such as VBScript and JavaScript. The web page can be designed in a way the user wants it to appear. One can use the headings, images, various styles such as italic, bold, font color, tables etc. within a HTML page. Moreover HTML also supports the inclusion of sounds and videos into the web page. PROPERTIES OF HTML: 1. It requires a text editor. No special software is need to run HTML pages. 2. It is platform independent. 3. Errors are easy to track in HTML pages. 4. It is not a programming language; hence completion of code is not required. 5. It does not require any expensive licenses to by upgrade. 6. HTML is not case sensitive.
LIMITATION OF HTML: 1. It cannot create interactive web pages; it is not only designing language. 2. It cannot perform any calculations. 3. It cannot display parameters such as date.
7|Page
TAGES USED IN HTML
A tag is a symbol used in HTML, Which is understood by the browser. Every tag starts with () sign. There are two types of tags viz. (a) (b) Container tags. Empty tag.
Container tag contain text embedded between opening (start) tag and closing (end) tags. Closing tags are similar to opening tags except that they can proceed by a (/) symbol. For example, is used to bold a text and it is a start tag, the corresponding closing tag will be . It is also called as paired tag. Empty tags do not have any ending tag e.g.
is used to insert a line break. It is also called as singular tag. Tag attributes: Many start tags can take attributes that effect the behavior of the tag. An attribute is a keyword separated by a space within the angle brackets such as where NOSHADE is the attribute of the tag. Some attributes required a value, proceeding by an equal to sign. For example, where TEXT is an attribute of the tag. If a tag has one or more than one attributes, one of them or more than one of them can be used together depending on the design of the page. 8|Page
BASIC STRUCTURE OF HTML CODING
Basic structure of html is as follows: TITLE OF THE DOCUMENT THE CONTENT OF THE WEB PAGE GOES HERE
1) The HTML code starts with tag that indicates that a HTML page is being created. 2) HTML page contain two sections: the head section, which describes the document and the body section, which contains the document itself. 3) The HEAD section appears start with tag.
9|Page
4) Inside the HEAD section, a title is written which is used to give a title to the web page. The title is written within and tags. The title is displayed on the BLUE TITLE BAR of the browser. 5) To finish the HEAD section tag is used. 6) Next comes to the BODY section that contains the content of the webpage. And also other HTML tags. The BODY section starts with TAG. 7) Then comes to the actual content of the web page. 8) To finish the BODY section, tag is used. 9) Finally, the web page ends with the tag.
To summarize, the and tags contains the and tags, which in turn contains the and tags. The content of the web page is present within and tags which are again present within and tags.
10 | P a g e
HOW TO CREATE AND VIEW THE HTML PAGE
Go to start-Programs- Accessories-Notepad. Write the HTML code. Save this file by using File-save command. Double click on my
computers and then the name of the drive where you want to save the files. A new folder can also be created if desired. In the file name dialog box, replace the word ³untitled´ with a file name and .html extension (for example, firstpage.html) and then click on save. To view the page, go to Internet Explorer or Netscape navigator browser. Give the full path of the HTML document in the address bar and the page will open. Alternatively, after saving the HTML code, you can directly go to the folder where the file has been saved and click on the file directly. Note that the file is converted in to and IE on Netscape files depending on the browser installed on the system. To get back to the HTML code, go to µview¶ on the top menu bar and select the µsource¶ option. You can make changes to the code and the changes can be seen in the page after clicking the µRefresh¶ button on the toolbar of the browser.
11 | P a g e
BASIC TAGS USED IN HTML
(a) :
It is the very first tag used in html code, which indicates that the page is being created using HTML.
(b) :
It contains the « tags.
(c) :
It is used to give the title to the web page. The title appears on the blue title bar of the browser.
(d) :
The content of the web page are written within the AND tags. They may be paragraphs, links, images, tables etc. ATTRIBUTES OF BODY TAG: 1) : The BGCOLOR attribute of the tag changes the background color of the webpage. 2) : The BACKGROUNDCOLOR attribute of the tag is used to put an image in the background of the webpage. 3) : The TEXT attribute of the tag sets the entire content of the web page to the color specified within (³´). 4) : The ALINK and VLINK attribute of tag are used to change the colour of active link and visited link respectively. 12 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF BODY TAG ATTRIBUTE IN HTML
PARAGRAPH ALINK=´RED´ VLINK=´GREEN´
CLICK ON THE TEXT CREATING RIGHT AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc. CREATING CENTER AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc.
13 | P a g e
PHYSICAL STYLE TAG IN HTML
Physical tags are also known as formatting style tags it used to give the various font effects to the text like bold, italic etc. there are various tags in it which are as follows: A. : the text disclosed between and is displayed in bold. EXAMPLE: BOLD B. : the text disclosed between and is displayed in italic. EXAMPLE:ITALIC C. : the text disclosed between and is displayed in underline. EXAMPLE: UNDERLINE D. : The text disclosed between and is displayed in strike off. EXAMPLE: STRIKE E. : it is the subscript tag. The text in between and is displayed as a subscript i.e. a bit lower than the text. EXAMPLE: H2O F. : It is the superscript tag. The text in between and is displayed as a superscript i.e. a bit higher than the text. EXAMPLE: 20TH G. : This tag increases the current font size by one step. It is equivalent to EXAMPLE:
BIG
H. : this tag decreases the current font size by one step. It is equivalent to . EXAMPLE: SMALL
14 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF PHYSICAL STYLE TAGS IN HTML DIFFERENT STYLE TAGS THE TEXT IS DISPLAYED IN BOLD
THE TEXT IS DISPLAYED IN ITALIC
THE TEXT IS DISPLAYED IN UNDERLINE
THE TEXT IS DISPLAYED IN STRIKE OFF
IT IS THE SUBSCRIPT TAG
IT IS THE SUBSCRIPT TAG
THIS IS THE USE OF BIG TAG
THIS IS THE USE OF SMALL TAG
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
15 | P a g e
OTHER TAGS USED IN HTML
THE PARAGRAPH TAG:
It indicates the beginning of a paragraph. A paragraph is created by enclosing the text between and tags.
Attributes of tag:
: The ALIGN attribute is used to align the paragraph of text to a specified position where the position could be: LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER and JUSTIFY. EXAMPLE: the written paragraph starts from right hand side The above statement aligns the paragraph ³the written paragraph starts from right hand side´ to the right hand side of the web page.
16 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF HEADING TAGS IN HTML PARAGRAPH CREATING RIGHT AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc. CREATING CENTER AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc. CREATING JUSTIFY AND ALIGNING A PARAGRAPH TO THE
HTML is used to create web pages. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. With the help of this user can upload various types of data like audio, video, tables, images etc.
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
17 | P a g e
HEADING TAG:
This tag is used to create appropriate headings for a particular paragraph or text. µn¶ can take value from 1 to 6 and hence only 6 levels of headings can be created where every will be the highest with larger font and bolder than lower which in turn will be with larger font and bolder than and so on.
ATTRIBUTES OF THE TAG:
: The ALIGN attribute aligns the text between the heading tag to the LEFT. Other alignments that can be used are: CENTER, RIGHT, JUSTIFY
FOR EXAMPLE: HEADING AT RIGHT HAND SIDE
The above statement aligns the heading ³HEADING AT RIGHT HAND SIDE´ to the right hand side of the web page.
18 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF HEADING TAGS IN HTML
HEADING TAGS
LEVEL ONE HEADING
LEVEL TWO HEADING
LEVEL THREE HEADING
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
19 | P a g e
TAG
It is the image tag. It is used to embed images within the HTML page. The format of this tag is: < IMG SRC=´name of the image along with path´> where SRC stands for µsource¶ as it gives the destination of the image. EXAMPLE:
ATTRIBUTES OF
a)
b)
c)
20 | P a g e
ANCHOR TAG
A link is a path or pointer to another document or a page. Links in HTML are created using the ANCHOR TAG viz. EXAMPLE: Click here Where HREF stands for hypertext reference, i.e. the destination page or document. The text in between and behaves a link which when clicked, takes the user to destination document or page. The destination page could be any web page on the World Wide Web or a local page. When user clicks on the link, then the destination web page is opened in new web browser page using attribute ´target´. If value of target attributes is ³self´ the page gets opened in same browser page.
IMAGES AS HYPERLINKS
Instead of using text as hyperlinks, images can be used as hyperlinks. This method of providing visual clues to link is becoming increasingly common on the web. This is done by enclosing the image tag with hyperlink tags, in the same way a text link is created. EXAMPLE:
21 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF ANCHOR TAG IN HTML
LINKS
THIS IMAGE BEHAVES AS A LINK TO A WEBSITE
CLICK ON THE LINK (NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
22 | P a g e
HORIZONTAL RULE TAG
It is the µHorizontal rule¶ tag. It is used to divide HTML page in to horizontal sections. This is mostly used for decorating the webpage.
ATTRIBUTES OF TAG
A) The SIZE attribute of tag is used to increase the thickness of the line dividing the page. The number used represents the size in pixels. B) The COLOR attribute of tag is used to change the colour of the line dividing the page. C) The WIDTH attribute of the tag causes the horizontal line to cover only 70% of the browsers.
LINE BREAK TAG
It is the line break tag. This tag is used for a link break. In HTML, the sentences written in the code one below the other appears in a single line on the web page default. Therefore, to display two or more lines of text or words in two different lines
is used between them.
23 | P a g e
AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF
& TAGS IN HTML
LINE BREAK & HORIZONTAL TAGS
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
WELCOME TOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CLASS PF COMPUTERS
(NOTE: OUTPUT ON THE NEXT PAGE)
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TABLES IN HTML
Tables can be created in HTML by using the
ATTRIBUTES OF
A.
| [TD] Data can be inserted in each cell by using [TD] (table data) tag. Also, to specify headings, [TH] (table heading) tag can be used. It also inserts data appears in bolder font. It is useful to give certain headings to rows or columns. ATTRIBUTES OF [TH]/[TD] a) [TH] The ALIGN attribute can be used to align the text within a table cell to a specified position, where the position can be: LEFT, RIGHTAND CENTER. These positions align the table cell data to the left, right, and center position of the respective table cell. b) [TH] The VALIGN attribute can be used to align the text within a table cell a specified position vertically, where the position can be: TOP, BOTTOM and MIDDLE. These positions align the table cell data to the top, bottom and middle portion of the respective table cell. 26 | P a g e c) [TH] The WIDTH attribute is used to set the width of a particular table cell. Width can be any pixels. It can be any number or can be specified as a percentage of the entire table. For example., [TH] «««« | The BORDERCOLOR attribute is used to change the border color of the specified cell. The colour is specified in the inverted commas in words or in RGB hex format. e) [TH] The ROWSPAN attribute is used to extend the range of one or more cells VERTICALLY to cover more than one row. It is useful where common headings are required. Here, ³n´ represents the number of rows to be covered. f) [TH] The COLSPAN attribute is used to extend the range of one or more cell HORIZONTALLY to cover more than one column. It is useful where common headings are required. Here, ³n´ represents the number of rows to be covered. 27 | P a g e AN EXAMPLE ILLUSTERING THE USE OF TABLE TAGS IN HTML |
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TABLE ROWS
Table rows can be created by using [TR] tag. The [TR] tag stands for table row that means each new row starts in the table with the help of a [TR] tag.
ENTERING THE DATA IN TO TABLE BY USING makes this particular cell to occupy 50% of the table space horizontally. A numeric value representing the number of pixels can also be specified instead of percentage value.
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