Description
The presentation explains about Organization behavior as function of perception, attitude, group behavior and job satisfaction.
PERCEPTION ? ATTITUDE ? GROUPS & GROUP BEHAVIOR ? JOB SATISFACTION
?
? Organizational
Behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations.
? Its
purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives.
Unique interpretation of any situation, not an exact recording of it. ? Human behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.
? ?
Importance of understanding the perceptual process. Examples:
The same team member maybe viewed by one colleague as a very hard worker and by another as a slacker. The same product maybe viewed by the design team to be of high quality and by a customer to be of low quality. Role of perception during interviews and employee performance evaluation. ‘Poor output record in the operations department in a mfg. plant’ perceived differently by engineers, HR, manager and workers.
?
? ? ? ?
? ?
Factors affecting perception: Selective perception
? ? ? ? ?
Intensity Size Contrast Repetition Motion Figure ground Perceptual grouping Constancy Context
Stereotyping The halo effect
? Learning ? Motivation ? Personality
?
Organised perception
? ? ?
(closure, proximity, similarity)
?
?
Social perception
? ?
? Attribution. ‘Explanations of causes for others or their own behavior.’
?
?
Personal Situational
? Impression (or perception) management. ‘Process by which people attempt to manage or control the perceptions others form of them.’
?
? ? ?
Demotion-preventative strategies
Justification Apologies Disassociation
?
? ? ? ?
Promotion-enhancing strategies
Entitlements Enhancements Obstacle disclosures Association
?
How to develop perceptual skills ??
?
? ? ? ? ?
Self perception Be empathic Avoid perceptual errors Encourage communication Positive attitude Practice good impression management
? GROUP
A ? GROUP B ? GROUP C READ THE CASE STUDIES GIVEN. DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS GIVEN BELOW AND PRESENT YOUR VIEWS.
A persistent tendency to feel and behave in a particular way towards an object or a person. Components of attitudes
? ? ?
Emotional Informational Behavioral Adjustment Ego-defensive Value-expressive Knowledge
Functions of attitudes
? ? ? ?
Changing attitudes [Barriers to changing attitudes] Ways to overcome barriers and changing attitudes:
? ? ? ? ?
Providing new information
Use of fear Resolving discrepancies Influence of peers or friends Co-opting
Factors affecting job satisfaction ? Work ? Pay ? Promotion ? Supervision ? Work group ? Working conditions ? Sex, Age, Time on job Ways to enhance job satisfaction ? Make jobs more fun & satisfying ? Fair pay & promotion opportunities ? Match people with jobs that fit their skills & interests
Rank the following values from 1 to 10. ‘1’ is most important to you, ‘10’ is least important. There are no right or wrong answers hence be completely honest.
?A
prosperous life ?Security for loved ones ?A sense of accomplishment ?A world free from conflict and war ?Equal opportunity for all ?Personal freedom and independence ?An enjoyable, leisurely life ?Inner peace and harmony ?Respect and admiration from others ?Close friendships
?A
group refers to two or more persons who interact for a common purpose. of individuals who accept a common task, become interdependent in their performance, and interact with one another to promote its accomplishment.
? A collection
TYPES OF FORMAL GROUPS
TYPES OF INFORMAL GROUPS
• Command group • Task group
• Permanent formal groups • Temporary groups
• Interest groups • Friendship groups
• • • • • • Membership groups Reference groups Apathetic groups Erratic groups Strategic groups Conservative groups
CHARACHTERISTICS OF FORMAL GROUPS • Defined by organisation’s structure with designated work assignments establishing tasks. • A system of well defined jobs, each bearing a definite measure of authority and responsibility. • Common motive(s) possessed by individual members of the group. • Facilitates the co-ordination of the activities or functions of an organisation. • Group cohesiveness as a result of a common goals set by the hierarchy of management.
CHARACHTERISTICS OF INFORMAL GROUPS • Membership in the group granted on basis of common interests and willingness to be co-operative. • Leader is accepted and chosen by the group members since they perceive he can bring them cherished results. • Informal relationships develop and act within the formal organisation. • Group has informal or formal tasks to be performed • Group cohesiveness is varying (low or high)
Sr. No. 1
DIMENSIONS Structure a) Origin b) Characteristics Position Goal
INFORMAL GROUPS Spontaneous – Voluntary Dynamic - Unstable Role Member – Satisfaction Bottom – up Power Personality Physical or social sanction
FORMAL GROUPS Planned – Deliberate Stable Job Profit or Service to society Top – down Authority Position Threat or firing or demotion
2 3
4
Influence a) Flow b) Type c) Basis
Control mechanism Communication a) Channels b) Networks Miscellaneous a) Individuals included b) Inter-personal relations c) Leadership role d) Basis for interaction e) Control on behavior
5 6
Grapevine Poorly defined – cut across lines
Formal channels Well defined – follow formal lines
7
Only those ‘acceptable’
Arise spontaneously
Result of membership Personal characteristics Non-management controlled, feelings status and prestige
All individuals that are part of work group Prescribed by job description Assigned by organisation Functional duties or position Management-controlled, organizational rewards and punishments
Advantages of ‘formal grouping’
? ? ? ? ? ?
‘Informal grouping’
complex task not easily done by one stimulate creativity , ideas coordinate, integrate with parts of organisation problem-solving – shared knowledge decisions, commitment, trust promote cohesion communicate
? ? ? ?
fulfil social needs friendship & interaction. Mutual interests. reduce feelings of insecurity, loneliness, anxiety achieve mutually informal aims & purposes take on different, natural roles (leadership not forced by managemnet)
Hofmans developed ‘work group behavior model’ which is made up of 5 components; ? Required behavior ? Emergent behavior ? Activities ? Interactions ? Sentiments
doc_528343864.pptx
The presentation explains about Organization behavior as function of perception, attitude, group behavior and job satisfaction.
PERCEPTION ? ATTITUDE ? GROUPS & GROUP BEHAVIOR ? JOB SATISFACTION
?
? Organizational
Behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations.
? Its
purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives.
Unique interpretation of any situation, not an exact recording of it. ? Human behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.
? ?
Importance of understanding the perceptual process. Examples:
The same team member maybe viewed by one colleague as a very hard worker and by another as a slacker. The same product maybe viewed by the design team to be of high quality and by a customer to be of low quality. Role of perception during interviews and employee performance evaluation. ‘Poor output record in the operations department in a mfg. plant’ perceived differently by engineers, HR, manager and workers.
?
? ? ? ?
? ?
Factors affecting perception: Selective perception
? ? ? ? ?
Intensity Size Contrast Repetition Motion Figure ground Perceptual grouping Constancy Context
Stereotyping The halo effect
? Learning ? Motivation ? Personality
?
Organised perception
? ? ?
(closure, proximity, similarity)
?
?
Social perception
? ?
? Attribution. ‘Explanations of causes for others or their own behavior.’
?
?
Personal Situational
? Impression (or perception) management. ‘Process by which people attempt to manage or control the perceptions others form of them.’
?
? ? ?
Demotion-preventative strategies
Justification Apologies Disassociation
?
? ? ? ?
Promotion-enhancing strategies
Entitlements Enhancements Obstacle disclosures Association
?
How to develop perceptual skills ??
?
? ? ? ? ?
Self perception Be empathic Avoid perceptual errors Encourage communication Positive attitude Practice good impression management
? GROUP
A ? GROUP B ? GROUP C READ THE CASE STUDIES GIVEN. DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS GIVEN BELOW AND PRESENT YOUR VIEWS.
A persistent tendency to feel and behave in a particular way towards an object or a person. Components of attitudes
? ? ?
Emotional Informational Behavioral Adjustment Ego-defensive Value-expressive Knowledge
Functions of attitudes
? ? ? ?
Changing attitudes [Barriers to changing attitudes] Ways to overcome barriers and changing attitudes:
? ? ? ? ?
Providing new information
Use of fear Resolving discrepancies Influence of peers or friends Co-opting
Factors affecting job satisfaction ? Work ? Pay ? Promotion ? Supervision ? Work group ? Working conditions ? Sex, Age, Time on job Ways to enhance job satisfaction ? Make jobs more fun & satisfying ? Fair pay & promotion opportunities ? Match people with jobs that fit their skills & interests
Rank the following values from 1 to 10. ‘1’ is most important to you, ‘10’ is least important. There are no right or wrong answers hence be completely honest.
?A
prosperous life ?Security for loved ones ?A sense of accomplishment ?A world free from conflict and war ?Equal opportunity for all ?Personal freedom and independence ?An enjoyable, leisurely life ?Inner peace and harmony ?Respect and admiration from others ?Close friendships
?A
group refers to two or more persons who interact for a common purpose. of individuals who accept a common task, become interdependent in their performance, and interact with one another to promote its accomplishment.
? A collection
TYPES OF FORMAL GROUPS
TYPES OF INFORMAL GROUPS
• Command group • Task group
• Permanent formal groups • Temporary groups
• Interest groups • Friendship groups
• • • • • • Membership groups Reference groups Apathetic groups Erratic groups Strategic groups Conservative groups
CHARACHTERISTICS OF FORMAL GROUPS • Defined by organisation’s structure with designated work assignments establishing tasks. • A system of well defined jobs, each bearing a definite measure of authority and responsibility. • Common motive(s) possessed by individual members of the group. • Facilitates the co-ordination of the activities or functions of an organisation. • Group cohesiveness as a result of a common goals set by the hierarchy of management.
CHARACHTERISTICS OF INFORMAL GROUPS • Membership in the group granted on basis of common interests and willingness to be co-operative. • Leader is accepted and chosen by the group members since they perceive he can bring them cherished results. • Informal relationships develop and act within the formal organisation. • Group has informal or formal tasks to be performed • Group cohesiveness is varying (low or high)
Sr. No. 1
DIMENSIONS Structure a) Origin b) Characteristics Position Goal
INFORMAL GROUPS Spontaneous – Voluntary Dynamic - Unstable Role Member – Satisfaction Bottom – up Power Personality Physical or social sanction
FORMAL GROUPS Planned – Deliberate Stable Job Profit or Service to society Top – down Authority Position Threat or firing or demotion
2 3
4
Influence a) Flow b) Type c) Basis
Control mechanism Communication a) Channels b) Networks Miscellaneous a) Individuals included b) Inter-personal relations c) Leadership role d) Basis for interaction e) Control on behavior
5 6
Grapevine Poorly defined – cut across lines
Formal channels Well defined – follow formal lines
7
Only those ‘acceptable’
Arise spontaneously
Result of membership Personal characteristics Non-management controlled, feelings status and prestige
All individuals that are part of work group Prescribed by job description Assigned by organisation Functional duties or position Management-controlled, organizational rewards and punishments
Advantages of ‘formal grouping’
? ? ? ? ? ?
‘Informal grouping’
complex task not easily done by one stimulate creativity , ideas coordinate, integrate with parts of organisation problem-solving – shared knowledge decisions, commitment, trust promote cohesion communicate
? ? ? ?
fulfil social needs friendship & interaction. Mutual interests. reduce feelings of insecurity, loneliness, anxiety achieve mutually informal aims & purposes take on different, natural roles (leadership not forced by managemnet)
Hofmans developed ‘work group behavior model’ which is made up of 5 components; ? Required behavior ? Emergent behavior ? Activities ? Interactions ? Sentiments
doc_528343864.pptx