financial terms

Anomaly:A term describing the incidence when the actual result under a given set of assumptions is different from the expected result. An anomaly provides evidence that a given assumption or model does not hold in practice. The model can either be a relatively new or older model.
 
Merger and acquisition: A general term used to refer to the consolidation of companies. A merger is a combination of two companies to form a new company, while an acquisition is the purchase of one company by another in which no new company is formed.
 
Risk Arbitrage:
Arbitrage involving risk;
as in the simultaneous purchase of stock in a target company and sale of stock in its potential acquirer;
if the takeover fails the arbitrageur may lose a great deal of money
 
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