Financial And Human Capital In Social Entrepreneurship

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In this brief criteria around financial and human capital in social entrepreneurship.

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On behalf of NYU-Stern School of Business, we welcome you to the Eighth Annual Conference on Social
Entrepreneurship. We are looking forward to your contribution in presenting at this year’s conference
dedicated to the ongoing development of theory and research on social entrepreneurship and its
impact on global communities. The aim is to bring together scholars in social entrepreneurship to
discuss emerging concepts and themes in social entrepreneurship research.
Submissions were again at an all-time high with over 100 abstracts, which made the selection process
particularly difficult as many potentially good papers had to be rejected. We received abstracts from all
over the world: US, Canada, Belgium, Croatia, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel,
Italy, Mexico, Namibia, New Zealand, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands,
United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, etc.
We have an exciting conference schedule, with the following keynotes confirmed:
• Nobel Laureate A. Michael Spence, NYU-Stern School of Business
• Paul Romer, NYU-Stern School of Business
• Gabriel Brodbar, NYU-Wagner School of Public Service
• Jon Carr, Texas Christian University, Neeley School of Business
• Silvia Dorado, The University of Rhode Island, College of Business Administration
• Lara Galinsky, Echoing Green
• Geoffrey Kistruck, The Ohio State University, Fisher College of Business
• Norris Krueger, Max Planck Institute
• Paul Light, NYU-Wagner School of Public Service
• Alex Nicholls, University of Oxford, Said Business School
• Ana Maria Peredo, University of Victoria, Peter B. Gustavson School of Business
• Paul Tracey, University of Cambridge, Judge Business School
Finally, as in the previous years, we will be awarding the NYU-Stern Best Paper Award ($5,000). Additionally,
best papers will be selected and will be given the opportunity to appear in the forthcoming 2012 book
edited by Jill Kickul and Sophie Bacq,“Patterns in Social Entrepreneurship Research”(Edward Elgar). And
finally, the best paper to address the intersection of public policy and social entrepreneurship will be
chosen to appear in a 2012 issue of Journal of Entrepreneurship & Public Policy.
While our conference participants represent a wide range of viewpoints, we are all united by a commitment
to building and supporting social entrepreneurs and their organizations. We hope you gain useful
insights and inspiration during our time together.
Best, Jill and Sophie
WELCOME!
NYU-Stern
Public Affairs: Jessica Neville, Carolyn Ritter, Joanne Hvala
Special Events: Jessica Farrell, Caroline Boneta, Caitlin McCarthy
Social Enterprise Association: Matthew Edmundson and Daniel Saat, co-presidents
Net Impact: Brian Ng and Namita Mody
And all the student ambassadors who volunteered for the conference.
Berkley Center Team
Jeffrey Carr, executive director
Cynthia Franklin, senior associate director
Loretta Poole, associate director
Patricia Miller-Edwards, administrative assistant
Sophie Bacq, Visiting Scholar
Will Baumol, academic director
Alexander Ljungqvist, research director
Janeece Lewis, secretary
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A G E N D A
TI ME DESCRI PTI ON PERSON/ TOPI C
8:00-9:00 Registration
Jill Kickul, Director, NYU-Stern Program
in Social Entrepreneurship
9:00-10:15 Opening Plenary Nobel Laureate Michael Spence (NYU-Stern)
THE NEXT CONVERGENCE: The Future of Economic Growth
in a Multispeed World
10:15-10:30 Coffee Break
Track 1 Contextual Influences on Social Entrepreneurship
10:30-12:30
Track 2 Social Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries
Track 3 Innovation in Social Entrepreneurship
Track 4 Organizational Form & Identity
Lunch
Ana Maria Peredo (University of Victoria)
12:30-2:00
Keynote Social Enterprise: Re-embedding the Economy
Presentation
Track 5 Societal Entrepreneurship & The Public Sector
Track 6 Sustainability of Social Initiatives
2:00-4:00 Track 7 Social Entrepreneurship Research
Track 8 Social Entrepreneurship as a Field
Track 9 Social Change & Social Impact (I)
4:00-4:15 Coffee Break
Silvia Dorado (University of Rhode Island)
4:15-5:30
Keynote
Presentation Zooming in on Social Enterprises:
Organizing and Governing Hybrid Organizations
5:30-7:30 Reception Lara Galinksy (Echoing Green)
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 2
TI ME DESCRI PTI ON PERSON/ TOPI C
8:30-9:00
Registration,
Light Breakfast
Keynote
Paul Tracey (University of Cambridge)
9:00-10:00
Presentation
A View from the Inside: Using Ethnography to
Study Social Entrepreneurship
10:00-10:15 Coffee Break
Track 10 Stakeholder Approach to SE (I)
Track 11 Alliances, Partnerships & Social Capital
10:15-11:45 Track 12 Governance & Leadership in SE
Track 13 Corporate SE & Business Ethics
Track 14 Financial & Human Capital in Social Entrepreneurship
Lunch
Geoff Kistruck (The Ohio State University)
11:45-1:30
Keynote
Research on Social Entrepreneurship in
Presentation
Base-of-the-Pyramid Markets
Track 15 Social Entrepreneurship Education & Academic Partnerships
Track 16 Opportunity Creation & Bricolage in Social Entrepreneurship
2:00-4:00 Track 17 Sustainability of Social Initiatives & Value Creation
Track 18
Panel: Collecting Data for Quantitative Methods of Analysis
in Social Entrepreneurship Research
4:00-5:00
Keynote Alex Nicholls (University of Oxford)
Presentation The Politics of Social Entrepreneurship
5:00- Off-Site
Midnight Broadway Show
SPIDER-MAN: Turn Off the Dark
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3
FRI DAY, NOVEMBER 4
TI ME DESCRI PTI ON PERSON/ TOPI C
8:30-9:00 Light Breakfast
9:00-10:15
Keynote Paul Light (NYU-Wagner)
Presentation Social Entrepreneurship in Four Flavors
10:15-10:30 Coffee Break
Track 19 Stakeholder Approach to SE (II)
Track 20 Social Entrepreneurs Individual Characteristics
10:30-12:00 Track 21 Fair Trade & Green Entrepreneurship
Track 22 Social Change & Social Impact (II)
Track 23 Social Entrepreneurship Education Programs
12:00-1:30 Lunch
Paul Romer (NYU-Stern)
Economic Development and Entrepreneurship
Track 24 Social Entrepreneurship in Different Environments
1:30-3:00 Track 25 Alliances and Partnerships of Social Initiatives
Track 26 New Perspectives on Social Entrepreneurship
3:00-3:15 Coffee Break
Gabriel Brodbar (New York University / Reynolds Program)
Jon Carr (Texas Christian University)
Workshop
University Showcase: Social Entrepreneurship Education
3:15-4:15 at the Graduate and Undergraduate Levels
Workshop
Norris Krueger
What Reviewers Need to Know
About Social/Sustainable Entrepreneurship
4:15-5:00
Closing Keynote Jill Kickul, Sophie Bacq, David Gras
Presentation Future Research Opportunities in Social Entrepreneurship
5:00-8:00
Reception and NYU-Stern Best Paper Award
Awards Public Policy and Social Entrepreneurship Best Paper Award
Reception
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 2: TRACKS 1–9
TRACK 1: TRACK 2: TRACK 3: TRACK 4:
10:30- Contextual Social Innovation Organizational
12:30 Influences on Social Entrepreneurship in Social Form and Identity
Entrepreneurship in Developing Entrepreneurship
Countries
10:30- Dimov, Kimmitt April Bento D’Intino
11:00 & Scarlata Exploring the Innovation in social Six research puzzles
Microfinance, entrepreneurial entrepreneurship for evaluating new
entrepreneurship potential of youth related to poverty global social
and poverty in Namibia: The reduction— enterprise legislation
Arandis Village including two
successful case
studies
11:00- Mendoza-Abarca Bullough & Cohen & Meyer Proffitt
11:30 & Anokhin Abdel Zaher A Rising Tide: Rediscovering latent
Hostile environments Social and How Social organizational forms:
or fertile ground? community-based Entrepreneurship Reimportation of
Environmental entrepreneurs as Increases Innovation local investing
factors and social agents of develop- Within an techniques and
venture creation ment: The theory of Organizational Field institutional
entrepreneurship entrepreneurship
in developing
countries
11:30- Perry-Rivers Kaye & Pillay Meyskens & Moss van den Broeck,
12:00 The influence of Social Applying disruptive Ehrenhard & Groen
stratification on social entrepreneurs innovation theory The rapprochement
entrepreneurship: and information to green-tech of social
An analysis of the technology in a ventures entrepreneurs and
entrepreneurial fragmented society: activists: Lessons
activity of black and An action research from online
white megachurches project in KwaZulu- hybrid forms
in the US Natal, South Africa
12:00- Singer, Peric Tang & Shui Palmas Wickert, Kusyk
12:30 & Delic A FAST framework: Spatialising social & Vaccaro
Young social entre- The principles for entrepreneurship: From symbolic to
preneurship and designing and Urban social substantial adoption
regional disparities implementing innovation in Berlin of socially innovative
multinational business practices:
corporate social Understanding
responsibility configurations of
project: Evidence organizational
from South Africa identity orientation
12:30-
Lunch
2:00
TRACK 5: TRACK 6: TRACK 7: TRACK 8: TRACK 9:
2:00- Societal Sustainability Social Social Social Change
4:00 Entrepreneur- of Social Entrepreneur- Entrepreneur- & Social Impact (I)
ship and the Initiatives ship Research ship as a Field
Public Sector
2:00- Berglund Easter & Smith & Dean, Sarason Diaz
2:30 Societal Conway Cannatelli & DeTienne Renegades:
entrepreneur- Dato-on Partnerships in The distinctive Hip-hop social
ship: A matter Developing social entre- domain of social entrepreneurs
of developing sustainable preneurship: entrepreneur- leading the way
entrepreneurial business A longitudinal ship: Social for social change
attitude solutions for case study of intent and
nascent social knowledge institutional
entrepreneurs: creation, divergence as
Lessons from transfer and delineating
cross-cultural scaling characteristics
consulting of an emerging
field
2:30- Elaydi & Eshun Young, Kerlin Bloom & Clark Holt, Littlewood Lee & Ager
3:00 Social & Teasdale The challenges & Harrison Social
entrepreneur- Sustainability: of creating Defining entrepreneurship
ship as Comparison databases to social and as action theory
promoting between support environmental development:
societal social and rigorous entrepreneurial From moral theory
citizenship commercial research activity at the to theory of
behavior ventures in social individual, social change
entrepreneur- business model
ship and concept
level
3:00- Johansson Gimmon, Kickul, Griffiths Mattingly Reuber
3:30 Organizing Savaya & Spiro & Janssen- Social Media visibility of
societal Sustaining Selvadurai entrepreneur- social ventures:
entrepreneur- self through A blended value ship through Antecedents and
ship and the retreats:A framework for the looking impact on social
promotion sustainability educating the glass: What if financing outcomes
of small framework next cadre of we have it
businesses for the social social entrepre- backwards?
entrepreneur neurs
over time
3:30- Kucher Steckler & Kury & Newbert & Hill Thiru
4:00 Social Waddock Pearlstein Redefining Achieving social
enterprise as The dynamics Utilizing social impact: Scaling
a means to and long term institutional entrepreneur- up and scaling out
reduce public stability of theory as a ship
sector deficits social frame for social
enterprise entrepreneur-
ship research
TRACK 10: TRACK 11: TRACK 12: TRACK 13: TRACK 14:
10:15- Stakeholder Alliances, Governance & Corporate SE Financial &
11:45 Approach to Partnerships & Leadership & Business Human Capital
SE (I) Social Capital in Social Ethics in Social
Entrepreneur- Entrepreneur-
ship ship
10:15- D’Mello Maurer, Oberg Bhutiani- Gonin, Smith, Saginova,
10:45 A stakeholder & Weber Wadhwa, Besharov & Shakhnovskaya
theory The effects and Flicker, Nair Gachet & Novakova
approach to multilayerdness & Groen The unique Social
social entre- of inter- Is social contribution entrepreneur-
preneurship: organizational entrepreneur- of social ship to increase
Managing and institutional ship trans- entrepreneur- financial literacy
conflict trust in social formational ship to business in Russia
entrepreneurs leadership in ethics
key partnerships action?
10:45- Moss & Murdock Harrison, Jond & Scarlata,
11:15 Meyskens An evaluation Cargill & Zaefarian Zacharakis &
Stakeholder of global social Castle A prospect of Walske
salience and enterprise Leadership, realization of How firm objectives
disruptive solidarity vision and corporate social influence human
innovation in between community in entrepreneur- capital: A study of
social entre- Emmaus the social ship considering the differences
preneurship International enterprise: corporate social between tradition
groups International responsibility and philanthropic
cases in of companies venture firms
community based on next
transformation generation
networks
11:15- Bacq & Vazquez Manickam & Mezias & van Brackle
11:45 Lumpkin Social entre- Vaidee Fakhreddin The devil is in
Dealing with preneurship Social business: From private the details: An
competing in subsistence A new horizon to public: exploratory
demands: What economies: Community analysis of the
social business Indigenous institutions, financial impli-
ventures can community- corporate cations of social
learn from based enter- social action, enterprise on
family business prises and and sustainable human services
research cross- sector economic nonprofit
alliances development organizations
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3: TRACKS 10–18
11:45-
Lunch
2:00
TRACK 15: TRACK 16: TRACK 17: TRACK 18:
2:00- Social Entre- Opportunity Sustainability Collecting Data for
4:00 preneurship Creation & of Social Quantitative Methods
Education & Bricolage in Initiatives & of Analysis in Social
Academic Social Entre- Value Creation Entrepreneurship
Partnerships preneurship Research
2:00- Adkins, Crossan, Basir Cornelius, Wallace
2:30 Gentile & Prizeman Institutional & Jhatial
“Giving Voice entrepreneurs in Sustainable
to Values”: An the absence of activities and
investigation into its institutions: social performance
application for social Bricolage & for social
entrepreneurship brokerage and the enterprises in the
teaching building of civil United Kingdom
society
2:30- Jeong Clarkin, Deardurff Katre, Bird, PANEL:
3:00 Conceptual frame- & Gallagher Salipante & Perelli
work of social Opportunities for Balancing David Gras
entrepreneurship social entre- competition and
education: preneurship: An collaboration: Jill Kickul
Community inquiry analysis of the How early-stage
approach to service social sector in social ventures Geoff Kistruck
learning six Midwest areas succeed
Tom Lumpkin
3:00- Kluwin, Conway Conger, York Martinez de Borro
3:30 Dato-on & Barns & Wry Sustainable
Needs assessment We do what we development and
to implement social are: The role of value chain
entrepreneurship values and identity approach:
endeavors on in social entre- A participative
campus: A case study preneurship research study with
indigenous growers
3:30- Maxfield & Wilson Yitshaki & Kropp Woolley
4:00 Constraints and The interrelations What is social
opportunities: between social value and social
Exploring the finan- bricoleurs’ wealth?
cial mechanisms motivations and
of social business opportunity
models in the recognition
context of industry
structure
FRI DAY, NOVEMBER 4: TRACKS 19–26
TRACK 19: TRACK 20: TRACK 21: TRACK 22: TRACK 23:
10:30- Stakeholder Social Fair Trade Social Change Social Entre-
12:00 Approach to Entrepreneurs’ & Green & Social Impact preneurship
SE (II) Individual Entrepreneur- (II) Education
Characteristics ship Programs
10:30- Bissola & Kury & Bennett, Auvinet, Lloret Allison-Jacobs
11:00 Imperatori Liguori Leaver & The strategy Measuring the
Organizing Social entre- Ramirez of social impact of
the social preneurs: A social enterprises in academic social
enterprise: A working enterprise Mexico: its entrepreneurship
How to attract, typology verification: impact at the programs
manage Applying heart of the
and sustain lessons from firm
stakeholder the fair trade
engagement movement
11:00- Perrini & Munoz & Jain & Koch Hoogendoorn, Glustrom
11:30 Vurro Dimov Social entre- van der Zwan Educate!’s: Social
A multi- Developing preneurship in & Thurik entrepreneurship
stakeholder an empirical the provision of Social education, systemic
perspective on typology of clean energy: entrepreneur- impact, and a
social business sustainability Towards an ship and cost-benefit analysis
planning: organizing performance:
Opportunity framework The role of
discovery and of market perceived
exploitation creation for barriers
in the case of impoverished and risk
Dynamo Camp communities
11:30- Starke & Raith Sundararajan Schwartz Weber, Tomasko
12:00 Building a Deliberate The dark and Lambrich & Developing social
yesable unselfishness bright sides of Kröger entrepreneurs:
proposal to of social fair trade Scaling social Lessons from a
multiple stake- entrepreneurs: enterprises— a new international
holders in Key to long- theoretical and relations school-
social-business term economic empirically based masters
planning growth grounded program
frameworks
12:00-
Lunch
1:30
TRACK 24: TRACK 25: TRACK 26:
1:30- Social Entrepreneurship Alliances and Partnerships New Perspectives
3:00 in Different Environments of Social Initiatives on Social
Entrepreneurship
1:30- Kyrgidou, Mylonas & Petridou Berglund & Schwartz Woolley
2:00 The role of entrepreneurial Solving dilemmas and Dimensions of social
education on potential social dealing with anomalies entrepreneurship:
entrepreneurs’ attitudes How does a new
venture become
“social”?
2:00- Nguyen & Hoang Kirwan Elaydi & McLaughlin
2:30 Green entrepreneurship concept A shot in the dark? Aesthetic
of definition and first empirical Exploring network entrepreneurship
research in Vietnam development in the
context of social
entrepreneurship
2:30- Stroube Movahedi Pour & Zaefarian Elaydi, Boechat
3:00 Hybrid identity organizations Recognizing NGO-business & Harrison
and external stakeholders: partnership dimensions: Inclusive ecosystems
Lender decision making in strategic management aspect and ecologies
peer-to-peer microfinance
Michael Spence is a world authority on growth in developing countries and on the convergence
between advanced and developing economies. He received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in
2001 for his contributions to the analysis of markets with asymmetric information.
Spence is a professor of economics at the Stern School of Business at New York University, Professor
Emeritus of Management in the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University, a Senior Fellow of
the Hoover Institution at Stanford and a Distinguished Visiting Fellow of the Council on Foreign
Relations. He has also served as the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard and the Dean
of the Stanford Business School.
Among his many honors, he was awarded the John Kenneth Galbraith Prize for excellence in teaching
and the John Bates Clark medal for a “significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge.”
Spence has published widely and is the author of several books and numerous articles and papers.
His most recent publication is The Next Convergence: The Future of Economic Growth in a Multispeed World
(May 2011).
He is a former Chairman of the independent Commission on Growth and Development, which focuses
on growth in emerging economies.
Spence chairs the Academic Board of the Fung Global Institute, the Hong Kong-based, independent
and non-profit think-tank established with the aim of generating and disseminating innovative think-
ing and business-relevant research on global issues from Asian perspectives.
He serves on the boards of a number of private and public companies including Genpact, a global
company for business processing and technology management, and MercadoLibre, a leading website
in Latin America for e-commerce and online auctions. He is a member of the board of the Stanford
Management Company and the International Chamber of Commerce Research Foundation. He is also a
Senior Advisor to Oak Hill Investment Management and a consultant to PIMCO.
Spence has a BA in Philosophy from Princeton University, a BA/MA in Mathematics from Oxford
University and earned his PhD in Economics from Harvard University.
Paul Romer joined New York University Stern School of Business in 2010 as the Henry Kaufman
Visiting Professor. He is also a senior fellow in the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR)
and a non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development (CGD). Recently, he founded Charter
Cities, a research nonprofit focused on the interplay of rules, cities and development.
Professor Romer formerly taught at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business, where he developed
Aplia, educational software that increases student effort and engagement. Before moving to Stanford
he taught at the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Chicago and the University of
Rochester. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and received the Recktenwald
Prize in Economics in 2002 for outstanding achievement and contributions to the field of economics
and to the improvement of society as a whole.
Sophie Bacq is a Ph.D. Candidate in Management Sciences from Université catholique de Louvain,
Belgium, and will graduate in Spring 2012. Junior researcher at CRECIS (Center for Research in
Entrepreneurial Change and Innovative Strategies) since 2006, her current research interests include
social entrepreneurs defining characteristics, governance in social entrepreneurial ventures, as well as
international entrepreneurship. She has published several articles in Entrepreneurship and Regional
Development, Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, and Journal of Small Business and Enterprise
Development, as well as several book chapters in English and French. She has studied in Singapore and
has collaborated with scholars worldwide. Since September 2010, she has been a PhD visiting scholar at
NYU-Stern School of Business, working under the supervision of Prof. Jill Kickul, Director of the NYU-
Stern Program in Social Entrepreneurship.
Gabriel Brodbar is the Director of the NYU Reynolds Program in Social Entrepreneurship at New
York University. Among the first cross-university initiatives of its kind, each year the program provides
up to thirty $50,000 undergraduate and graduate scholarships and two years of intensive dedicated
programming for students from across NYU who seek to realize pattern breaking change of social
importance in sustainable and scalable ways. The program also brings significant social entrepreneurial
resources to the NYU and NYC communities, including the “Social Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century”
Speaker Series, social venture business plan competitions, and new classes in social entrepreneurship.
Prior to joining NYU, Gabriel served as the Director of Dartington-i New York, a national and interna-
tional consulting firm providing a wide range of research and practice tools to city and state child welfare
and social service systems, with special expertise in performance contracting systems and supportive
housing development. He is the former founding Director of the Office of Housing Policy and
Development at the New York City Administration for Children’s Services, where he developed and
implemented a data-based method of policy analysis that led to a fundamental change in New York
City’s housing policy for children, families and young adults involved in the child welfare system. Prior
to that, Gabriel developed and operated award-winning, drop-out prevention and college preparatory
programs for at-risk high school students in Houston and New York City including Upward Bound,
AmeriCorps, and Liberty Partnership Programs.
Gabriel is a founding member of the Child Welfare League of Americas National Homelessness
Advisory Panel, a Teach For America alumnus (91), holds a Masters Degree in Social Work from the CUNY
Hunter College School of Social Work and a Masters in Business Administration from the Zicklin School
of Business at CUNY Baruch College. His published work on the intersections of foster care and home-
lessness, community-based needs assessment tools and social entrepreneurship can be found in Child
Welfare, The Social Service Review, and Beyond Profit.
Dr. Jon C. Carr is currently an Assistant Professor of Management in the M.J. Neeley School of
Management at Texas Christian University. In 2001, he was a NASA ASEE Faculty Fellow, with his focus
being technology transfer, entrepreneurship, and organizational development. He has been involved as
an organizer or principal in numerous start-up companies in the health care and homeland security
industries.
Dr. Carr is a part of the leadership team directing the Neeley School of Business’ Values and Ventures
Program, an over-arching program which seeks to engage faculty, staff, and students across the university
and the world in education, research, and out-reach concerning a “values-centered” approach to busi-
ness. The Program defines this approach as efforts by individuals and their businesses to simultaneously
“do good”and “do well”with regards to their specific stakeholders. This suggests a mission that has both
an economic and socially-driven vision of success.
Dr. Carr has published research on entrepreneurship and organizational behavior topics in numerous
journals, to include the Academy of Management Journal, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, and Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice.
Silvia Doradois associate professor of management at the University of Rhode Island. Her research
addresses the development of organizations and interorganizational arrangements involving multiple
goals, e.g. profit and service, or learning and serving. Silvia received her B.A. degree from Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, her M.A. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and her Ph.D. from
McGill University. She has published in Academy of Management Journal, Nonforprofit and Voluntary
Sector Quarterly, Journal of Development Entrepreneurship, Organization Studies, Journal of Social
Entrepreneurship, Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, Public Administration and
Development, and International Review of Administrative Science. Visit Silvia’s website: www.cba.uri.
edu/dorado.
Lara Galinsky is an author, career expert and senior vice president of Echoing Green—the perfect
laboratory in which to study meaningful work. With the mission to unleash the next generation of talent
to solve the world’s biggest problems, Echoing Green offers seed funding fellowships to the world’s
most promising social entrepreneurs. Over the last two decades, Echoing Green has invested $30 million
in funding to 500 visionaries from around the world. Galinsky is the co-author of Work on Purpose
(2011)—which provides readers with a framework for aligning their passions with their talents to
achieve personal fulfillment and societal impact through their careers-and the co-author of Be Bold:
Create a Career with Impact (2007). She serves as board chair of StartingBloc and sits on the boards of
the Fast Forward Fund and The Lewis Institute at Babson College, and the Advisory Board of the
Patricelli Social Entrepreneurship at Wesleyan University. Before joining Echoing Green, Galinsky served
as Do Something’s national program director, working with 20,000 educators and 4 million young people
to get involved in service learning and community service projects. There, she created the BRICK Award
(now called the Do Something Award) to identify and financially support these young leaders. Galinsky
received her Masters in Communications from Columbia University and her Bachelors from Wesleyan
University. She is a graduate of the Institute for Not-for-Profit Management Leadership Development
Program at Columbia University, the Public Policy Institute Nonprofit Executive Program at Georgetown
and CORO Leadership New York.
David Gras is a doctoral candidate at Syracuse University. His research interests include strategies
used by social entrepreneurs to compete, processes used to create social value, social entrepreneurship
opportunities, and the dialectics of financial and social goals. David is the creator and administrator of
SocEntResearch.org—a portal designed to encourage and enhance academic research on social enter-
prise. In conjunction with the Social Enterprise Trust in Hartford, Connecticut, David is also the principal
investigator on one of the largest data collection initiatives in the U.S. focused on social enterprise.
Jill Kickul, Ph.D., is the Director of New York University Stern School of Business Social Entrepreneurship
Program in the Berkley Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Prior to joining the faculty at Stern,
Dr. Kickul was the Richard A. Forsythe Chair in Entrepreneurship in the Thomas C. Page Center for
Entrepreneurship at Miami University (Ohio) and a Professor in the Management Department in the
Farmer School of Business. Prior to joining the Miami University faculty, she was the Elizabeth J.
McCandless Professor in Entrepreneurship at the Simmons School of Management. She has also taught
entrepreneurship internationally for the Helsinki School of Economics and for the International Bank of
Asia (Hong Kong MBA Program), and has delivered research seminars at the Stockholm School of
Economics, the EM Lyon School of Business, Massey University Institute for Entrepreneurship and Social
Innovation, the Aarhus Center for Organizational Renewal and Evolution (CORE), and the Jönköping
International Business School.
Dr. Kickul has held a number of leadership positions in various well-respected entrepreneurship and
management associations. She has been the Chair of the 2008 Internationalizing Entrepreneurship
Education and Training (18th Annual Global IntEnt Conference). She has also served as Co-Chair of AOM
Teaching Theme Committee (Academy-wide), President of the Midwest Academy of Management,
Chair of the Individual Entrepreneurship division of USASBE, Chair of the inaugural USASBE Case
Competition, and Chair of the Teaching Committee for the AOM Entrepreneurship division. Dr. Kickul
also participates on a number of boards/organizations, most notably the European Microfinance
Network (EMN) and is a Faculty Affiliate within the Center for Gender and Organizations (CGO).
As a scholar, she has been awarded the Cason Hall & Company Publishers Best Paper Award, Michael
J. Driver Best Careers Paper, the Coleman Foundation Best Empirical Paper, “John Jack” Award for
Entrepreneurship Education, and the IntEnt Best Paper. She has more than 80 publications in entrepre-
neurship and management journals, including Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Small Business
Economics, Journal of Operations Management, Journal of Management, Journal of Small Business
Management, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, International
Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and
Research, Journal of Business Ethics, Decision Sciences, Journal of Innovative Education, and the
Academy of Management Learning and Education Journal. She is a co-author (with Lisa Gundry) on the
textbook, “Entrepreneurship Strategy: Changing Patterns in New Venture Creation, Growth, and
Reinvention” (Sage Publishing).
Finally, her work on entrepreneurship education development and curriculum design has been
nationally recognized and supported through the Coleman Foundation Entrepreneurship Excellence in
Teaching Colleges Grant and has been named by Fortune Small Business as one of the Top 10
Innovative Programs in Entrepreneurship Education.
Professor Kistruck completed his PhD in Strategy and International Business at the Richard Ivey
School of Business at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. He holds an MBA from McMaster
University and a BA in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. His research focuses on
social entrepreneurship in emerging markets, corporate governance, and the internationalization of
non-traditional organizational forms such as nonprofits, cooperatives, and cross sector partnerships.
Prior to entering academe, Professor Kistruck spent more than six years in various investment banking
and consulting roles, including most recently as vice president M&A of a publicly traded marketing-
services company.
Norris Krueger is an entrepreneur in academics clothing, combining his cutting-edge academic
expertise with his entrepreneurial skill, experience and passion. After wandering through a major in
physics at Caltech and investment research in Nashville, Norris found his calling in entrepreneurship
under the mentoring of Al Shapero at Ohio State.
He developed the national award-winning Kauffman-supported TEAMS initiative to expand student/
faculty involvement in economic development and technology commercialization, identifying mecha-
nisms for pooling the expertise of entrepreneurship scholars via unique partnerships with regional
players in technological entrepreneurship and in economic development. Currently, Norris works in
social entrepreneurship & entrepreneurial economic development through Entrepreneurship
Northwest (Boise, Idaho, USA) and academic research and public policy through his Fellowship with the
Max Planck Institute in Jena.
Paul C. Light is Paulette Goddard Professor of Public Service at New York University’s Wagner School
of Public Service. Before joining NYU, he was vice president and director of governmental studies at the
Brookings Institution, and founding director of its Center for Public Service. He has held teaching posts
at the University of Virginia, University of Minnesota, and Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School
of Government. He was also senior adviser to the U.S. Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, and
director of the public policy grant program at the Pew Charitable Trusts. He is the author of 21 books,
most recently A Government Ill Executed: The Decline of the Federal Service and How to Reverse It (Harvard
University Press, 2008) and The Search for Social Entrepreneurship (Brookings Institution Press, 2008).
Alex Nicholls MBA is the first lecturer in social entrepreneurship appointed at the University of
Oxford and was the first staff member of the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship in 2004. Nicholls
research interests range across several key areas within social entrepreneurship, including: the interface
between the public and social sectors; organizational legitimacy and governance; the development of
social finance markets; and impact measurement and innovation. Nicholls is widely published in peer-
reviewed journals and has done consultancy work for not-for-profits, social enterprises, and the UK
government. He is the co-author of a major research book on Fair Trade (with Charlotte Opal, Sage,
2005). His ground-breaking 2006 edition of a collection of key papers on the state of the art of social
entrepreneurship globally was published in paperback edition by Oxford University Press in 2008. It is
the best selling academic book on the subject globally.
He has held lectureships at a wide variety of academic institutions including: University of Toronto,
Canada; Leeds Metropolitan University; University of Surrey; Aston Business School. He has been a
Fellow of the Academy of Marketing Science and a Member of the Institute of Learning and Teaching.
Nicholls also sat on the regional social enterprise expert group for the South East of England and is a
member of the Advisory Group for the ESRC Social Enterprise Capacity Building Cluster. He is a non
Executive Director of a major Fair Trade company.
Dr. Ana María Peredo is an Associate Professor at UVic Business and Director of the BC Institute
of Co-operative Studies at the University of Victoria.
Her research focuses on the role of business in society. Specifically, her work is related to how business
can be an instrument for poverty alleviation and community well-being. This interest has led her to
explore a variety of alternative business models, including different types of businesses emerging from
grassroots organizations, such as community-based enterprises, co-operatives and other forms of com-
munity collective action and social entrepreneurship.
She is a pioneer in the field of community-based entrepreneurship, sustainable development and the
alleviation of poverty. Her publications have appeared in such journals as the Academy of Management
Review, Journal of Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Journal of Management Inquiry, Humanity and
Society, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Journal of World Business and Journal of Management
Education. She has also published a number of book chapters.
Dr. Peredo’s work is informed by a rich experience of ten years working in international development
projects. As an anthropologist, she has worked for UN and European development agencies involved
in rural development projects with the Quechua and Aymara peoples. A principal responsibility was micro-
credit and income generation for Andean indigenous women. Her interest in the Andes arose from her
work as a journalist producing reports on rural development published by one of Peru’s leading dailies.
Paul Tracey is Reader (Associate Professor) in Human Resources and Organizations at the University
of Cambridge Judge Business School. He currently holds an Economic and Social Research Council Mid-
career Fellowship. Much of Paul’s research is concerned with the relationship between entrepreneur-
ship and institutions, with a particular focus on social entrepreneurship. He has published widely in aca-
demic journals, including Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, and
Organization Science. He also has extensive experience of teaching social entrepreneurship and social
innovation on undergraduate, masters and MBA programs.
The NYU-Stern Program in Social Entrepreneurship
The NYU-Stern Program in Social Entrepreneurship educates, challenges, and inspires entrepreneurs
and investors to leverage intellectual, social and financial capital resources with a focus on social
change, innovation and impact. We bring together faculty, students, and the entrepreneurial community
to create a vibrant pipeline of entrepreneurs excited about launching and growing organizations capa-
ble of catalyzing large-scale social change.
Our comprehensive program encapsulates the major issues confronting social entrepreneurs including
the dual focus on educational and experiential learning opportunities. By doing so, we provide support
and create an environment in which social entrepreneurs ideas and initiatives take shape and flourish.
Much of this involves:
• Providing the training and skills that enable social entrepreneurs to create, grow,
and accelerate their businesses and social value propositions.
• Allowing opportunities that secure strategic technical support and financial resources.
• Imparting new approaches and methodologies that align practice and research to improve
the overall effectiveness and impact of the social venture.
• Creating a community of students, scholars, and industry leaders devoted to improving
the social sector.
Please visit www.stern.nyu.edu/berkley/social for more information
ABOUT THE BERKLEY CENTER
NYU-Stern Social Entrepreneurship Program Initiatives
NYU-Stern Social Venture Competition
Now in its ninth year, the NYU-Stern Social Venture Competition was started to recognize and support
the growing number of students and alumni interested in using their business and entrepreneurial
skills to create innovative approaches to tackling social problems.
Through the competition, budding social entrepreneurs receive intense instruction and training, and
work closely with mentors who assist in opportunity assessment, venture development, and calculating
social and financial returns-on-investment. Winners of the Social Venture Competition receive a $50,000
prize.
Over the past eight years, the Social Venture Competition has awarded more than $900,000 in seed
money and services to six innovative new social ventures and has been a springboard for successfully
launching many more.
Annual NYU-Stern Conference on Social Entrepreneurship
The NYU-Stern Conference on Social Entrepreneurship explores the latest issues on social impact
measurement. By bringing together leading experts and thought leaders from the public, non-profit,
for-profit and academic fields, our conference is designed to present strategies and techniques on how
to measure an organizations social impact.
Social Entrepreneur-in-Residence
Our social entrepreneur-in-residence works closely with students and alumni by assisting them with
refining their social venture models, developing marketing strategies and identify funding options.
Through this unique program, students and alumni are able to tap the expertise, insights and even con-
tacts of seasoned social entrepreneurs committed to giving back to aspiring business owners.
Our social entrepreneur-in-residence for 2011-12 is Greg Van Kirk.
Greg Van Kirk is an Ashoka Lemelson Fellow and the co-founder of
The New Development Solutions Group. This includes Community
Enterprise Solutions, Social Entrepreneur Corps and NDS Consulting.
These are all ventures whose mission is to design and implement
innovative responses to long-standing development challenges. He,
co-founder George Glickley and their team are now focused on
expanding the reach of their innovative “MicroConsignment Model”
globally. Greg was recently chosen as a select member of both
the “Ashoka Globalizer” and Ashoka/Siemens “Social Business
Development Group”. He is also a member of the Clinton Global
Initiative. Greg began working in rural small business development as a Guatemala Peace Corps volun-
teer in 2001. He has served as an economic development consultant for organizations such as USAID,
Chemonics, Columbia University, VisionSpring, Soros Foundation, Church World Service, OneRoof,
Fundacion Solar, Fundacion Paraguaya, IDB and Water4People. Greg worked in investment banking for
five years before arriving in Guatemala. Two deals he led at UBS during this time won "Deal of the Year"
honors from "Structured Finance International" magazine.
Greg recently published the article "The MicroConsignment Model: Bridging "The Last Mile" of Products
and Services for the Rural Poor" in Innovations Journal.
Stern Virtual Incubator
The Stern Virtual Incubator provides a supportive environment in which Stern-affiliated start-ups can
test and refine their business ideas. Incubatees receive:
• On-going coaching & mentoring.
• Pro bono accounting, legal, and marketing services.
• “Brown Bag” Lunches with successful entrepreneurs and investors.
• Access to Stern resources such as meeting space, office equipment, etc.
• Access to a network of other incubatees, veteran entrepreneurs, seasoned investors,
and practitioners with which they can share ideas. Incubatees are selected from among
the finalists and semi-finalists in our social venture competition.
Workshop and Roundtable Series on Measuring Social Impact
NYU-Sterns Berkley Center is committed to furthering the field of social impact measurement through
creating opportunities for stakeholders to engage in ongoing dialogue around this important topic. In
Spring 2011, we offered workshops focused on the latest practices and academic research on measur-
ing social impact. These sessions will explore current strategies, approaches and challenges associated
with designing and implementing new measurement tools and frameworks for social organizations
and investors.
Social Entrepreneurship Courses Across the Curriculum
Our Social Innovation and Impact Specialization courses blend social and environmental perspectives
with the more traditional economic perspective. They provide innovative conceptual frameworks,
strategies, and implementation skills necessary to create substantial social as well as economic value in
for-profit, nonprofit and public sectors.Each course in the SII specialization falls into one or more of the
following areas:
• Ethics/Corporate Social Responsibility/Diversity/Wealth Distribution
• Environmental Sustainability
• Social Venturing
• Non-Profit Management.
The specialization is appropriate for students anticipating careers (now or later) in the non-profit and
public sectors and for those who wish to enhance their engagement in the for-profit sector as a matter
of corporate citizenship.
A sampling of some of the courses across the various disciplines:
• Doing Business in (DBi) Costa Rica, Social Innovation & Impact
• Energy and the Environment
• Economics of Healthcare
• Advanced Global Perspectives on Enterprise Systems
• The Future of the Global Economy
• Growth in the Developing World and the World Economy
• Global Poverty Alleviation
• Forensic Accounting & Financial Statement Fraud
• Social Venture Capital
• Investing in Microfinance
• Business & The Federal Government
• Social Venture Fund Practicum
• Examining the Nonprofit Capital Market
• Social Enterprise Development
• Women in Business Leadership
• Managing the Growing Company
• International Social Impact Strategies: India
• Foundations of Social Entrepreneurship
• Leading Sustainable Enterprises
• Corporate Branding and CSR
COURSES OVERVI EW
Foundations The purpose of this course is to explore the many dimensions of new venture
of Social creation and growth, and to foster innovation and new business formations in
Entrepreneurship independent and corporate settings. The curriculum is designed to teach
students about all aspects of the traditional business planning process, with
particular attention to the challenges of social venture creation.
Leading This course is about creating, leading, and managing business enterprises
Sustainable that seek to contribute to facilitating sustainable development. In particular,
Enterprises we will look at issues regarding potential roles for business in contributing
to sustainability, measuring the effectiveness of an organization in terms of
sustainability indices, examples of firms that are creating and executing
strategies for competing in a sustainable manner, managing stakeholders,
innovating forms of business enterprises (e.g., micro-finance), methods for
fostering innovation and change inside the organization that could contribute
to sustainability goals as well as the role of leadership.
Social Enterprise Students learn how nonprofit organizations, in an effort to become more
Development self-sustaining, are diversifying their revenue streams beyond traditional
foundation and government support by creating business ventures and
corporate partnerships. This course is designed not only to educate students
about the models and practices currently being pursued by these organiza-
tions, but also to provide practical tools that foster new innovations in
this area.
Social Venture The practicum—the first of its kind in the country—gives students the
Fund Practicum hands-on educational experience of making investments in social ventures
and providing management assistance to grantees. Students function as the
staff of a real venture fund, supervising operations, performing due diligence
on applicants, making grant recommendations, and providing management
assistance to grantees. The fund focuses on supporting New York City-based
new and emerging institutions and new revenue-generating subsidiaries of
existing nonprofits.
COURSES OVERVI EW
Social Venture This course explores a spectrum of financial tools used to create social value.
Capital: Finance It examines the social capital markets and financial instruments designed to
with a Double produce not only financial returns, but also social returns; these instruments
Bottom Line are commonly known as “double bottom line” investments. The course will
explore the structures, social missions, and effectiveness of these types of
investment organizations and also will consider the challenges of quantifying
the social returns. Guest lecturers include executives from the Nonprofit
Finance Fund, the Ford Foundation, Underdog Ventures, and the Rockefeller
Foundation.
International This course is intended to provide a socially relevant academic experience that
Social Impact combines classroom curriculum with hands-on learning in an international
Strategies setting. The course is designed to help students gain in-depth insights into
economic and social value creation in the developing world. Through case
studies, lectures, fieldwork and classroom dialogue, students will learn to think
strategically and act opportunistically with a socially-conscious business
mindset. Through a partnership with firms located in India, Stern students will
have the opportunity to apply their classroom learnings to real-world issues
by conducting fieldwork abroad. Team-based projects will focus on areas
including poverty alleviation, energy, health and sustainability. Students will
gain exposure to various organizational models for addressing these issues, as
well as to thoroughly-vetted international social enterprises that are making
tangible and potentially scalable progress in serving the worlds poorest
populations. Student teams will work with partner organizations to deliver
on discrete projects designed to meet existing needs. In addition, project
deliverables will facilitate the sharing of knowledge and best practices with
the growing social impact sector.
Global Poverty The objective of this intense course is to offer in-depth understanding of
Alleviation issues related to poverty in developing countries. In discussions on the roles
of governments, international agencies, donors, NGOs and private institutions,
emphasis will be on developmental strategies and approaches to poverty
alleviation. Study of social entrepreneurship and private sector participation
(including for-profit businesses as well as non-profit institutions) will receive
special attention.
COURSES OVERVI EW
Advanced Global This course examines the economic, political and cultural dynamics of
Perspectives on emerging markets. Special attention is given to the impacts of government,
Enterprise Systems entrepreneurship, management, and financial institutions. The histories of
such diverse countries as India, Russia, China, the Asian “Dragons,” Saudi
Arabia, Argentina, Chile and the European Union will be examined as well as
their implications for global sustainable businesses and investment prospects.
Ecoleadership: The This course will explore economic globalization and focus on the impact of
Public Role of The the private sector on decisions that shape global society and influence the
Private Sector in design, development and delivery of public goods. It will examine the:
Building Sustainable 1) impact of the global quest for markets and the growth of economic capital
Societies on the development of social, cultural and natural capital, and 2) role of the
private sector in shaping sustainable economic growth policies which can also
promote the development of a sustainable global society.
Investing in Introduces the deal structuring, negotiating, and drafting skills necessary to
Microfinance advise both investors (debt and equity) in microfinance institutions. Identifies
key challenges that microfinance institutions face when seeking sources of
financing that can support double bottom line (financial and social) objec-
tives. Examines motivations of the parties that engage in microfinance and
the risks that they are likely to encounter.
Energy and the Students gain an overview of the economics and politics of the interlinked
Environment — fields of energy and the environment. The course will investigate why change
Business As Usual tends to come slowly in these industries, ask whether the world is at an energy
or Ripe For crossroads and examine the rapidly evolving landscape of oil and cars that
Revolution? powered the prosperity seen in the 20th century, but which also contribute
mightily to the health, environmental and foreign policy problems associated
with energy.
Examining the The course is designed to help students: understand how the nonprofit
Non-profit: market operates currently; confront the conceptual and practical challenges
Integrated which make the development of a more rational market less straightforward
Challenges of than might be assumed at first blush; and, consider and critique emerging
Performance, practices that seek to improve the nonprofit marketplace. Practitioners are
Measurement, integrated into the teaching of the course to a significant degree, giving
Scale, and students the opportunity to engage with leaders whose perspective stems
Sustainability from their day-to-day experience with the concrete and theoretical
challenges of the nonprofit market.
PART I : THE FI ELD OF SOCI AL ENTREPRENEURSHI P: LAYI NG THE FRAMEWORK
• S.H. Alvord, L.D. Brown and C.W. Letts (2004), Social Entrepreneurship and Social Transformation:
An Exploratory Study, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40 (3), 260–82.
• J. Austin, H. Stevenson and J. Wei-Skillern (2006), Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same,
Different, or Both?, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 30 (1), 1–22.
• D. Bornstein (1998), Changing the world on a shoestring, The Atlantic Monthly, 281 (1), 34–9.
• S.T. Certo and T. Miller (2008), Social Entrepreneurship: Key Issues and Concepts, Business Horizons,
51 (4), 267–71.
• R. Dart (2004), The Legitimacy of Social Enterprise, Nonprofit Management and Leadership,
14 (4), 411–24.
• G. Dees (1998), The meaning of social entrepreneurship, Kauffman Centre for Entrepreneurial
Leadership.
• R.L. Martin and S. Osberg (2007), Social entrepreneurship: The case for definition, Stanford Social
Innovation Review, Spring, 29–39.
• A. Nicholls and A.H. Cho (2008), Social Entrepreneurship: The Structuration of a Field, in A. Nicholls
(ed.), In Social Entrepreneurship—New Models of Sustainable Social Change, Oxford, UK: Oxford
University Press, 99–118.
• A.M. Peredo and M. McLean (2006), Social Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review of the Concept,
Journal of World Business, 41 (1), 56–65.
• D. Roberts and C. Woods (2005), Changing the world on a shoestring: The concept of social
entrepreneurship, University of Auckland Business Review, Autumn, 45–51.
• G. Sullivan Mort, J. Weerawardena and K. Carnegie (2003), Social entrepreneurship: Towards
conceptualization, International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8 (1), 76–88.
• J.L. Thompson (2002), The world of the social entrepreneur, International Journal of Public Sector
Management, 15 (4/5), 412–31.
• J. Weerawardena and G. Sullivan Mort (2006), Investigating Social Entrepreneurship:
A Multidimensional Model, Journal of World Business, 41 (1), 21–35.
• S.A. Zahra, E. Gedajlovic, D.O. Neubaum and J.M. Schulman (2009), A Typology of Social
Entrepreneurs: Motives, Search Processes and Ethical Challenges, Journal of Business Venturing,
24 (5), 519–32.
SOCI AL ENTREPRENEURSHI P RESEARCH:
A COLLECTI ON OF READI NGS
PART I I : SOCI AL ENTREPRENEURSHI P OPPORTUNI TI ES AND CREATI ON
• E. Chell (2007), Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship—Towards a Convergent Theory of the
Entrepreneurial Process, International Small Business Journal, 25 (1), 5–26.
• M. Domenico, H. Haugh and P. Tracey (2010), Social Bricolage: Theorizing Social Value Creation in
Social Enterprises, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 34 (4), 681–703.
• S. Dorado (2006), Social Entrepreneurial Ventures: Different Values so Different Process of Creation,
No?, Journal of Development Entrepreneurship, 11 (4), 319–43. .
• K. Hockerts (2006), Entrepreneurial Opportunity in Social Purpose Business Ventures, in J. Mair, J.A.
Robinson and K. Hockerts (eds), Social Entrepreneurship, Basingstoke, UK and New York, NY: Palgrave
Macmillan, 142–54.
• J. Mair and E. Noboa (2006), Social Entrepreneurship: How Intentions to Create a Social Venture are
Formed, in J. Mair, J.A. Robinson and K. Hockerts (eds), Social Entrepreneurship, Basingstoke, UK and
New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 121–35.
• J. Mair and O. Schoen (2007), Successful Social Entrepreneurial Business Models in the Context of
Developing Economies: An Explorative Study, International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2 (1), 54–68.
• P. Murphy and S. Coombes (2009), A Model of Social Entrepreneurial Discovery, Journal of Business
Ethics, 87 (3), 325–36.
• J. Robinson (2006), Navigating Social and Institutional Barriers to Markets: How Social Entrepreneurs
Identify and Evaluate Opportunities, in J. Mair, J.A. Robinson and K. Hockerts (eds), Social
Entrepreneurship, Basingstoke, UK and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 95–120.
• B.R. Smith, J. Knapp, T.F. Barr, C.E. Stevens and B.L. Cannatelli (2010), Social enterprises and the
timing of conception, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 22, 208-234.
• D.M. Townsend and T.A. Hart (2008), Perceived Institutional Ambiguity and the Choice of
Organizational Form in Social Entrepreneurial Ventures, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,
32 (4), 685–700.
• M. Yunus, B. Moingeon and L. Lehmann-Ortega (2010), Building Social Business Models:
Lessons from the Grameen Experience, Long Range Planning, 43(2-3), 308-325.
• S.A Zahra, H.N. Rawhouser, N. Bhawe, D.O. Neubaum and J.C. Hayton (2008), Globalization of Social
Entrepreneurship Opportunities, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2 (2), 117–31.
PART I I I : SOCI AL ENTREPRENEURSHI P GOVERNANCE AND RESOURCE I SSUES
• O.J. Borch, A. Førde, L. Rønning, I.K. Vestrum, G.A. Alsos (2008), Resource con?guration and creative
practices of community entrepreneurs. Journal of Enterprising Communities 2(2), 100–123.
• J. Elkington (2006), Governance for sustainability, Corporate Governance: An International Review,
14(6), 522–529.
• L. Hulgard and R. Spear (2006), Social Entrepreneurship and the Mobilization of Social Capital in
European Social Enterprises, in M. Nyssens (ed.), Social Enterprises: At the Crossroads of Market, Public
Policies and Civil Society, London, UK and New York, NY: Routledge, 85–108.
• C. Low (2006), A Framework for the Governance and Social Enterprise, International Journal
of Social Economics, 33 (5–6), 376–85.
• C. Mason, J. Kirkbride and D. Bryde (2007), From Stakeholders to Institutions: The Changing Face
of Social Enterprise Governance Theory, Management Decision, 45, 284–301.
• M. Meyskens, C. Robb-Post, J.A. Stamp, A.L. Carsrud and P.D. Reynolds (2010), Social Ventures
from a Resource-based Perspective: An Exploratory Study Assessing Global Ashoka Fellows,
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34 (4), 661–80.
• R. Ridley-Duff (2007), Communitarian perspectives on social enterprise, Corporate Governance:
An International Review 15(2), 382–392.
• S.V.K. Simms and J.A. Robinson (2008), Activist or Entrepreneur?: An Identity-based Model of Social
Entrepreneurship, in J.A. Robinson, J. Mair and K. Hockerts (eds), International Perspectives on Social
Entrepreneurship, Basingstoke, UK and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 9–26.
• Y. Stryjan (2006), The Practice of Social Entrepreneurship: Notes Toward a Resource-Perspective,
in C. Steyaert and D. Hjorth (eds), Social Change: A Third Movements in Entrepreneurship Book,
Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 35–55.
PART I V: SOCI AL ENTREPRENEURSHI P WI TH NON- PROFI T ORGANI ZATI ONS
• R.V. Aguilera, D.E. Rupp, C.A. Williams, J. Ganapathi (2007), Putting the S back in corporate social
responsibility: a multilevel theory of social change in organizations, Academy of Management Review
32(3), 836–863.
• J. Boschee (1995), Social entrepreneurship: Some non-profits are not only thinking about the
unthinkable, they’re doing it—Running a profit, Across the Board: The Conference Board Magazine,
32 (3), 20–5.
• K. Cooney (2006), The Institutional and Technical Structuring of Nonprofit Ventures: Case study
of a U.S. Hybrid Organization Caught Between Two Fields. Voluntas, International Journal of Voluntary
and Nonprofit Organizations, 17 (2), 137–61.
• S.E. Dempsey and M.L. Sanders (2010), Meaningful Work? Nonprofit Marketization and Work/ Life
Imbalance in Popular Autobiographies of Social Entrepreneurship, Organization, 17 (4), 437–59.
• A.M. Eikenberry and J.D. Kluver (2004), The marketization of the nonprofit sector: Civil society at risk.
Public Administration Review, 64: 132–140.
• B. Luke and M.L. Verreynne (2006), Social Enterprise in the Public Sector. MetService: Thinking
Beyond the Weather, International Journal of Social Economics, 33 (5–6), 432–45.
• R.E. McDonald (2007), An Investigation of Innovation in Nonprofit Organizations: The Role of
Organizational Mission, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 36 (2), 256–81.
• S.A. Muñoz and S. Tinsley (2008), Selling to the Public Sector, Journal of Corporate Citizenship,
32, 43–62.
• A. Ruvio, Z. Rosenblatt and R. Hertz-Lazarowitz (2010), Entrepreneurial Leadership Vision in
Nonprofit vs. For-profit Organizations, Leadership Quarterly, 21 (1), 144–58.
PART V: THE FUTURE OF SOCI AL ENTREPRENEURSHI P: ADVANCI NG THEORY
• B. Battle Anderson and G. Dees (2008), Rhetoric, Reality, and Research: Building a Solid Foundation
for the Practice of Social Entrepreneurship, in A. Nicholls (ed.), Social Entrepreneurship—New Models
of Sustainable Social Change, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 144–80.
• P.A. Dacin, M.T. Dacin and M. Matear (2006), Social Entrepreneurship: Why We don’t Need a New
Theory and How We Move Forward from Here, Academy of Management Perspectives, 24 (3), 37–57.
• H. Haugh (2005), A Research Agenda for Social Entrepreneurship, Social Enterprise Journal, 1 (1), 1–12.
• J. Mair and I. Marti (2006), Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation, Prediction,
and Delight, Journal of World Business, 41 (1), 36–44.
• T.W. Moss, G.T. Lumpkin and J.C. Short (2010), Social Entrepreneurship: A Historical Review and
Research Agenda, in F.T. Lohrke and H. Landstrom (eds), Historical Foundations of Entrepreneurship
Research, Cheltenham UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 318–40.
• K. Peattie and A. Morley (2008), Eight Paradoxes of the Social Enterprise Research Agenda, Social
Enterprise Journal, 4 (2), 91–107.
• A.M. Peredo and J.J. Chrisman (2006), Toward a Theory of Community Based Enterprise, Academy of
Management Review, 31 (2), 309–28.
• E. Shaw and S. Carter (2007), Social entrepreneurship: theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis
of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes, Journal of small business and enterprise development,
13(3), 418–434.
• J.C. Short, T.W. Moss and G.T. Lumpkin (2009), Research in Social Enterprise: Past Contributions and
Future Opportunities, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 3 (2), 161–94.
• D.R. Young (2006), Social enterprise in community and economic development in the USA: theory,
corporate form and purpose, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management,
6(3), 241–255.
PART VI : DEVELOPI NG BUSI NESS MODELS AND ORGANI ZATI ONAL FORMS
• M.D. Domenico, P. Tracey and H. Haugh (2009), The Dialectic of Social Exchange: Theorizing
Corporate-Social Enterprise Collaboration, Organization Studies, 30 (8), 887–907.
• A. Evers (2001), The signi?cance of social capital in the multiple goal and resource structure of social
enterprise. In C. Borzaga & J . Defourny (Eds.), The emergence of social enterprise, London: Routledge,
296–311.
• G.M. Kistruck and P. Beamish (2010), The Interplay of Form, Structure and Embeddedness in Social
Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34 (4), 735–61.
• G. Lasprogata and M. Cotton (2003), Contemplating “Enterprise”: The Business and Legal Challenges
of Social Entrepreneurship, American Business Law Journal, 41 (1), 67–114.
• J. Elkington and P. Hartigan (2009), Creating Successful Business Models: lessons from Social
Entrepreneurship, Harvard Business Review.
• J. Mair and O. Schoen (2007), Successful social entrepreneurial business models in the context of
developing economies. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2, 54–68.
• P. Rosenau and S. Linder (2003), Two decades of research comparing for-pro?t and nonpro?t health
provider performance in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 84, 219–241.
• C. Seelos and J. Mair (2005), Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the
poor. Business Horizons, 48, 241–246.
• J.W. Selsky and B. Parker (2005), Cross-sector partnerships to address social issues: Challenges
to theory and practice. Journal of Management, 31, 849–873.
• R. Spear (2006), Social Entrepreneurship? A Different Model?, International Journal of Social
Economics, 33 (5–6), 399–410.
PART VI I : SCALI NG FOR I MPACT
• P.N. Bloom and A.K. Chatterji (2009), Scaling Social Entrepreneurial Impact, California Management
Review, 51 (3), 114–33.
• J.G. Dees, B.B. Anderson and J. Wei-Skillern (2004), Scaling Social Impact: Strategies for Scaling Social
Innovations, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring, 24–32.
• B. Hynes (2009), Growing the Social Enterprise—Issues and Challenges, Social Enterprise Journal,
5 (2), 114–25.
• G.M Kistruck, J.H. Webb, C.J. Sutter and D.R. Ireland (2011), Microfranchising in Base-of-the-Pyramid
Markets: Institutional Challenges and Adaptations to the Franchise Model, Entrepreneurship: Theory
and Practice, 35 (3), 503–31.
• P. Tracey and O. Jarvis (2007), Toward a Theory of Social Venture Franchising, Entrepreneurship: Theory
and Practice, 31 (5), 667–85.
PART VI I I : MEASURI NG SOCI AL I MPACT
• R.D. Behn (2003), Why Measure Performance? Different Purposes Require Different Measures. Public
Administration Review, 63(5), 586–606.
• L. Darby and H. Jenkins (2006), Applying Sustainability Indicators to the Social Enterprise Business
Model, International Journal of Social Economics, 33 (5–6), 411–31.
• J. Emerson, J. (2003), The blended value proposition: Integrating social and financial returns.
California Management Review, 45(4), 35–51.
• A. Jacobs (2006), Helping people is difficult: Growth and performance in social enterprises working
for international relief and development. In A. Nicholls (Ed.), Social entrepreneurship: New paradigms
of sustainable social change, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 247–270.
• P.L. Julnes and M. Holzer (2001), Performance Measurement: Promoting the Utilization of
Performance Measures in Public Organizations: An Empirical Study of Factors Affecting Adoption
and Implementation, Public Administration Review, 61 (6), 693–408.
• R.M. Kanter and V.D. Summers (1987), Doing Well while Doing Good: Dilemmas of Performance
Measurement in Non-profit Organizations and the Need for a Multiple Constituency Approach, in
W.W. Powell (ed.), The Non-Profit Sector: A Research Handbook, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,
154–66.
• A. Nicholls (2009), We Do Good Things don’t we?: “Blended Value Accounting” in Social
Entrepreneurship, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34, 755–69.
• A. Nicholls (2010), The Functions of Measurement in Social Entrepreneurship, in Hockerts, K.,
Robinson, J., and Mair, J. (eds), Values and Opportunities in Social Entrepreneurship, Palgrave
MacMillan, 241–272.
• J.C. Sawhill and D. Williamson (2001), Mission Impossible? Measuring Success in Nonprofit
Organizations, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 11 (3), 371–86.
PART I X: CONTEXTUAL I NFLUENCES ON SOCI AL ENTREPRENEURSHI P
• S. Bacq and F. Janssen (2011), The Multiple Faces of Social Entrepreneurship: A Review of Definitional
Issues Based on Geographical and Thematic Criteria, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development,
23 (5/6), 373–403.
• J. Catford (1998), Social entrepreneurs are vital for health promotion—but they need supportive
environments too, Health Promotion International, 13 (2), 95–7. .
• J. Lepoutre, R. Justo, S. Terjesen and N. Bosma (2011), Designing a Global Standardized Methodology
for Measuring Social Entrepreneurship Activity: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Social
Entrepreneurship Study, Small Business Economics.
• J. Mair and I. Marti (2009), Entrepreneurship in and Around Institutional Voids: A Case Study from
Bangladesh, Journal of Business Venturing, 24 (5), 419–35. .
• J. Kerlin (2006), Social Enterprise in the United States and Europe: Understanding and Learning from
the Differences, Voluntas, 17, 247–63. .
• B.R. Smith and C.E. Stevens (2010), Different Types of Social Entrepreneurship: The Role of Geography
and Embeddedness on the Measurement and Scaling of Social Value, Entrepreneurship and Regional
Development, 22 (6), 575–98.
• J.L. Thompson, G. Alvy and A. Lees (2000), Social entrepreneurship: A new look at the people and the
potential, Management Decision, 38 (5), 328–38.
PART X: COMMUNI TY- BASED ENTREPRENEURSHI P
• L.P. Dana (2008), Community-based entrepreneurship in Norway. Entrepreneurship and Innovation,
9(2), 77–92.
• B. Johannisson and A. Nilsson (1989), Community Entrepreneurship—Networking for Regional
Development, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 1 (1), 1–19.
• H. Johnstone, and D. Lionais (2004), Depleted communities and community business entrepreneur-
ship: revaluing space through place Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 16(3), 217–233.
• C.C Maurer, P. Bansal and M.M. Crossan (2011), Creating Economic Value through Social Values:
Introducing a Culturally Informed Resource-based View, Organization Science, 22 (2), 432–48.
• M. Meyskens, A.K. Carsrud and R.Z. Cardozo (2010), The Symbiosis of Entities in the Social
Engagement Network: The Role of Social Ventures, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development,
22 (5), 425–55.
• A.M. Peredo, R.B. Anderson, C.S. Galbraith, H. Benson and L.P. Dana (2004), Towards a theory of indig-
enous entrepreneurship, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 1(1/2), 1–20.
• D.M. van Slyke and H.K. Newman (2006), Venture Philanthropy and Social Entrepreneurship in
Community Redevelopment, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 16 (3), 345–68.
• S.L. Wallace (1999), Social Entrepreneurship: The Role of Social Purpose Enterprises in Facilitating
Community Economic Development, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 4, 153–74.
PART XI : SUSTAI NABLE ENTREPRENEURSHI P AND SUSTAI NABLE DEVELOPMENT
• B. Cohen and M.I. Winn (2007), Market Imperfections, Opportunity and Sustainable
Entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, 22 (1), 29–49.
• T.J. Dean and J.A. McMullen (2007), Toward a Theory of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Reducing
Environmental Degradation through Entrepreneurial Action, Journal of Business Venturing,
22 (1), 50–76.
• J.K. Hall, G.A. Daneke and M.J. Lenox (2010), Sustainable Development and Entrepreneurship: Past
Contributions and Future Directions, Journal of Business Venturing, 25 (5), 439–48.
• K. Hockerts and R. Wüstenhagenb (2011), Greening Goliaths versus Emerging Davids—Theorizing
about the Role of Incumbents and New Entrants in Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Journal of Business
Venturing, 25 (5), 481–92.
• D. Shepherd and H. Patzelt (2011), The New Field of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Studying
Entrepreneurial Action Linking “What is to be Sustained” with “What is to be Developed”,
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35 (1), 137–63.
• F. Tilly and W. Young (2009), Sustainability Entrepreneurs, Greener Management International, 44, 63–78.
PART XI I : FI NANCI NG/ FUNDI NG
• J.C. Brau and G. Woller (2004), Microfinance: A Comprehensive Review of the Existing Literature,
Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures, 9, 1–26.
• M. Grimes (2010), Strategic Sensemaking Within Funding Relationships: The Effects of Performance
Measurement on Organizational Identity in the Social Sector, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,
34 (4), 763–83.
• L. Harjula (2006), Tensions Between Venture Capitalists and Business-Social Entrepreneurs Goals,
Greener Management International, 51, Summer, 79–87.
• N. Hermes and R. Lensink (2007), The empirics of microfinance: What do we know. Economic Journal,
117(517), F1–F10.
• D. Hulme, D. (2000), Impact assessment methodologies for microfinance: theory, experience
and better practice. World Development, 28 (1), 79–98.
• J.S. Rubin (2009), Developmental Venture Capital: Conceptualizing the Field, Venture Capital,
11 (4), 335–60.
PART XI I I : EDUCATI NG TO SOCI AL ENTREPRENEURSHI P
• D.D. Brock and M. Kim (2011), Social Entrepreneurship Education Resource Handbook, SSRN.
• M.M. Mars and S. Garrison (2009), Socially-Oriented Ventures and Traditional Entrepreneurship
Education Models: A Case Review, Journal of Education for Business, 84 (5), 290–96.
• R.P. Schlee, M.T. Curren and K.R. Harich (2008), Building a Marketing Curriculum to Support Courses
in Social Entrepreneurship and Social Venture Competitions, Journal of Marketing Education,
31 (1), 5–15.
• P. Tracey and N. Phillips (2007), The Distinctive Challenge of Educating Social Entrepreneurs:
A Postscript and Rejoinder to the Special Issue on Entrepreneurship Education, Academy of
Management Learning and Education, 8 (2), 264–71.
For more information about Berkley Center programs,
including updates on events, please do not hesitate to contact us at:
Berkley Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation
44 W. 4th Street, 7th Floor
New York, NY 10012
(212) 998-0070
www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/about/departments-centers-initiatives/
centers-of-research/berkley-center/
About the NYU-Stern Program in Social Entrepreneurship
[email protected]

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