Description
The derivatives market is the financial market for derivatives, financial instruments like futures contracts or options, which are derived from other forms of assets.
INDIAN STOCK MARKET DERIVATIVES
INTRODUCTION TO DERIVATIVES
The main instruments under the derivatives are: 1. Forward contract 2. Future contract 3. Options 4. Swaps
DEVELOPMENT OF DERIVATIVES MARKET IN INDIA
Business growth of futures and options market: NSE Turnover (Rs.cr) Index futures 35 119 237 381 590 Stock futures Index options 196 Stock options -
Month Jun-00 Sep-00 Dec-00 01-Mar 01-Jun
Total 35 119 237 381 785
01-Sep
01-Dec 02-Mar 2001-02
2857
2339 2185 21482
7515 13989 51516
559
405 360 3766
2012
2660 3957 25163
5281
12919 20490 101925
Instruments available in India
Products Index Futures Index Options
Futures on Individual Securities 31 securities stipulated by SEBI Options on Individual Securities 31 securities stipulated by SEBI American
Underlying Instrument Type
S&P CNX Nifty
S&P CNX Nifty
European maximum of 3-month trading cycle. At any point in time, there will be 3 contracts available : 1) near month, 2) mid month & 3) far month duration Last Thursday of the expiry month Permitted lot size is 200 & multiples thereof
Trading Cycle
Same as index futures
Same as index futures
Same as index futures
Expiry Day
Same as index futures Same as index futures
Same as index futures As stipulated by NSE (not less than Rs.2 lacs)
Same as index futures As stipulated by NSE (not less than Rs.2 lacs)
Contract Size
OPTIONS
• The Parties to an Option • The options are of two styles. 1) European option and 2) American option • The options are of two types. 1) Call option and 2) Put option.
In-the-Money, At-the-Money, Out-theMoney
CALL OPTION PUT OPTION
In-the-money
Strike price < Spot price
Strike price > Spot price
At-the-money
Strike price = Spot price
Strike price = Spot price
Out-the-money
Strike price > Spot price
Strike price < Spot price
Option value
• •
Intrinsic value and Time value.
Factors affecting the value of an option
Factor Option Type Impact on Option Value Component of Option Value
Share price moves up Share price moves down Share price moves up Share prices moves down Time to expire is high Time to expire is low Time to expire is high Time to expire is low
Call Option Call Option Put Option Put Option Call Option Call Option Put Option Put Option
Option Value will also move up Option Value will move down Option Value will move down Option Value will move up Option Value will be high Option Value will be low Option Value will be high Option Value will be low
Intrinsic Value Intrinsic Value Intrinsic Value Intrinsic Value Time Value Time Value Time Value Time Value
Volatility is high
Volatility is low Volatility is high Volatility is low
Call Option
Call Option Put Option Put Option
Option Value will be high
Option Value will be low Option Value will be high Option Value will be low
Time Value
Time Value Time Value Time Value
OPTIONS ON NIFTY & INDIVIDUAL SECURITIES • • • • Trading cycle Expiry day Strike Price Intervals Contract size
DERIVATIVES TRADING STRATEGIES USING OPTIONS
• Classification Of Strategies According To Market View
• When market to be bullish:
• • • • • • Buy index/ stock futures Buy call option Sell put option Bull call spread Bull put spread Bullish calendar spread
• When market to be bearish:
• • • • • • Sell index/ stock futures Sell call option Buy put option Bear call spread Bear put spread Bearish calendar spread
• When market to be uncertain but expects to move in either direction sharply:
• • • • • Long straddle Long strangle Covered call Strips Straps
• When market to remain stable:
• • • • Short straddle Short strangle Butterfly spreads Neutral calendar spread
BULL CALL SPREAD:
buy a call and sell a call with different strike price and same expiry date with sell call strike price higher than the buy call strike price.
P r o f i t
8 4 BEP= 142
150
140 146 Profit/loss of Short call
L o s -2 s -6
Profit/loss of Long call
Example: Assumptions: Spot price of ACC - Rs 142, Mutiplier : 1500 Buy ACC April 140 call @ Rs 6 & Sell ACC April 150 call @ Rs 4 Break-even point: Rs 142 There are four scenarios at the expiry date: ACC <= 140. Loss = Rs 3000 (limited to the extent of premium paid - premium received) ACC > 140 and <=142. Loss= (142–closing spot price at expiry)*1500 ACC>142 and <=150. Profit= (closing spot price at expiry–142)*1500 ACC > 150. Profit = (150 – 142) * 1500 Limited risk: since the loss can be maximum to the extent of net premium paid. Limited Profit: maximum being the difference between higher strike price option and lower strike price option after deducting the net premium paid.
BEAR CALL SPREAD:
Buy a call and sell a call with different strike price and same expiry date with sell call strike price lower than the buy call strike price.
Profit/loss of short call 6 P r 2 o f i t
140 142
Profit/loss of Long call
150
L o -4 s s -8
Example: Assumptions: Spot price of ACC - Rs 142 Sell ACC April 140 call @ Rs 6 & Buy ACC April 150 call @ Rs 4 Mutiplier : 1500 Break-even point: Rs 142 There are four scenarios at the expiry date: ACC <= 140. Profit = Rs 3000 (limited to the extent of premium received - premium paid) ACC>140 and <=142. Profit=(142–closing spot price at expiry) * 1500 ACC>142 and <=150. Loss=(closing spot price at expiry–142) * 1500 ACC > 150. Loss = (150 – 142) * 1500 Limited risk: since the loss can be maximum of Rs 12000. Limited Profit: maximum being the difference between premium received and premium paid.
LONG STRANGLE:
Buy a call and buy a put with same expiry date but different strike price, with the put strike price lower than the call strike price and when one is uncertain about the market but expects it to move in either direction sharply.
Long Put
Long Call
P r o f i t L -2 o s -3 s -5
138
140
150
153
135
155
Example: Assumptions : Spot price of the ACC – Rs 145 , Multiplier : 1500 Buy ACC Sep. 140 put @ 2 & Buy ACC Sep. 150 call @ 3 Break-even point : Rs 155 for call option/ Rs 135 for put option There are five scenarios at the expiry date. ACC <= 135 profit = (135- closing price at expiry)*1500 ACC > 135 & <= 140. Loss = (colsing price at expiry -135)*1500 ACC >140 & <=150 Loss = maximum to the extent of premium paid = Rs 7500 ACC>150 & <155. Loss= (155- closing spot price at expiry)*1500 ACC>= 155. Profit = (closing price at expiry –155)*1500 Limited risk: since loss can be limited to the extent of premium paid. Returns : unlimited as the maximum gain could be greater if sharp movement occur.
SHORT STRADDLE:
Sell a call and sell a put with the same strike price and same expiry date when prices are expected to be stable.
L o s s Sell Put
Example Assumptions: Multiplier: 1600 Sell Tata Sept. 140 call @ 9 & Sell Tata Sept. 140 put @ 8
Break-even point : 157 for call option/ 123 for put option Tata <=123 loss = (123- closing at expiry)*1600 Tata> 123 & <=140 . profit = ( closing at expiry - 123)*1600 Tata > 140 & <= 157. Profit = ( 157 – closing spot price at expiry)*1600 Tata >157. Loss = (closing spot price at expiry - 157)*1600 Risk: the maximum risk could be greater if sharp movements occur. Limited profit: since profit can be limited to the extent of premium received. Max. profit is Rs. 27200(17*1600) at a price of 140
8
P r o f i t
17
9
123 157
140 132 149
Sell Call
Put/Call Ratio
P/C ratio
Less than 0.35 Greater than 0.75 Greater than 0.35 and less than 0.75
Indication
Extremely bullish Extremely bearish Uncertain
OPEN INTEREST (An indicator)
• Some interpretations using Open Interest:
• • • • • Rising open interest in an uptrend is bullish Declining open interest in an uptrend is bearish. Rising open interest in a downtrend is bearish. Declining open interest in a downtrend is bullish. Within an uptrend, a sudden leveling off or decline in open interest often warns a change in trend. • Very high open interest at market tops is dangerous and can intensify downside pressure.
FUTURES
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FUTURES AND OPTIONS
Futures
Risk exposure and profit potential are unlimited for both the parties. There is no premium Impose obligations on both the parties Both the parties have to put in margins.
Options
Risk exposure and profit potential are limited for the seller. The buyers have to pay a premium to the sellers. Impose obligations on the sellers only. Only the sellers have to put in margins.
• Types of Futures
• • • • • Agricultural Metallurgical Interest Bearing Assets Indexes Foreign Currencies
Margin Money
• Different Types of Margins:
• • • • • Initial Margin Mark-to-Market Margin Maintenance Margin Additional Margin Cross Margining
THE BLACK -SCHOLES MODEL
(An option pricing model)
FINDINGS
Growth:
• • Cash market- turnover-3692 cr. (BSE & NSE) Derivatives market- traded value - 2417 cr.
Factors that hinder the growth of Derivatives Market in India:
• • • • • Market is dominated by few large players. Very high minimum contract size. Initial investment. Number of scrips available for trading is 31. Cash settlement only.
Thank you
doc_266296203.ppt
The derivatives market is the financial market for derivatives, financial instruments like futures contracts or options, which are derived from other forms of assets.
INDIAN STOCK MARKET DERIVATIVES
INTRODUCTION TO DERIVATIVES
The main instruments under the derivatives are: 1. Forward contract 2. Future contract 3. Options 4. Swaps
DEVELOPMENT OF DERIVATIVES MARKET IN INDIA
Business growth of futures and options market: NSE Turnover (Rs.cr) Index futures 35 119 237 381 590 Stock futures Index options 196 Stock options -
Month Jun-00 Sep-00 Dec-00 01-Mar 01-Jun
Total 35 119 237 381 785
01-Sep
01-Dec 02-Mar 2001-02
2857
2339 2185 21482
7515 13989 51516
559
405 360 3766
2012
2660 3957 25163
5281
12919 20490 101925
Instruments available in India
Products Index Futures Index Options
Futures on Individual Securities 31 securities stipulated by SEBI Options on Individual Securities 31 securities stipulated by SEBI American
Underlying Instrument Type
S&P CNX Nifty
S&P CNX Nifty
European maximum of 3-month trading cycle. At any point in time, there will be 3 contracts available : 1) near month, 2) mid month & 3) far month duration Last Thursday of the expiry month Permitted lot size is 200 & multiples thereof
Trading Cycle
Same as index futures
Same as index futures
Same as index futures
Expiry Day
Same as index futures Same as index futures
Same as index futures As stipulated by NSE (not less than Rs.2 lacs)
Same as index futures As stipulated by NSE (not less than Rs.2 lacs)
Contract Size
OPTIONS
• The Parties to an Option • The options are of two styles. 1) European option and 2) American option • The options are of two types. 1) Call option and 2) Put option.
In-the-Money, At-the-Money, Out-theMoney
CALL OPTION PUT OPTION
In-the-money
Strike price < Spot price
Strike price > Spot price
At-the-money
Strike price = Spot price
Strike price = Spot price
Out-the-money
Strike price > Spot price
Strike price < Spot price
Option value
• •
Intrinsic value and Time value.
Factors affecting the value of an option
Factor Option Type Impact on Option Value Component of Option Value
Share price moves up Share price moves down Share price moves up Share prices moves down Time to expire is high Time to expire is low Time to expire is high Time to expire is low
Call Option Call Option Put Option Put Option Call Option Call Option Put Option Put Option
Option Value will also move up Option Value will move down Option Value will move down Option Value will move up Option Value will be high Option Value will be low Option Value will be high Option Value will be low
Intrinsic Value Intrinsic Value Intrinsic Value Intrinsic Value Time Value Time Value Time Value Time Value
Volatility is high
Volatility is low Volatility is high Volatility is low
Call Option
Call Option Put Option Put Option
Option Value will be high
Option Value will be low Option Value will be high Option Value will be low
Time Value
Time Value Time Value Time Value
OPTIONS ON NIFTY & INDIVIDUAL SECURITIES • • • • Trading cycle Expiry day Strike Price Intervals Contract size
DERIVATIVES TRADING STRATEGIES USING OPTIONS
• Classification Of Strategies According To Market View
• When market to be bullish:
• • • • • • Buy index/ stock futures Buy call option Sell put option Bull call spread Bull put spread Bullish calendar spread
• When market to be bearish:
• • • • • • Sell index/ stock futures Sell call option Buy put option Bear call spread Bear put spread Bearish calendar spread
• When market to be uncertain but expects to move in either direction sharply:
• • • • • Long straddle Long strangle Covered call Strips Straps
• When market to remain stable:
• • • • Short straddle Short strangle Butterfly spreads Neutral calendar spread
BULL CALL SPREAD:
buy a call and sell a call with different strike price and same expiry date with sell call strike price higher than the buy call strike price.
P r o f i t
8 4 BEP= 142
150
140 146 Profit/loss of Short call
L o s -2 s -6
Profit/loss of Long call
Example: Assumptions: Spot price of ACC - Rs 142, Mutiplier : 1500 Buy ACC April 140 call @ Rs 6 & Sell ACC April 150 call @ Rs 4 Break-even point: Rs 142 There are four scenarios at the expiry date: ACC <= 140. Loss = Rs 3000 (limited to the extent of premium paid - premium received) ACC > 140 and <=142. Loss= (142–closing spot price at expiry)*1500 ACC>142 and <=150. Profit= (closing spot price at expiry–142)*1500 ACC > 150. Profit = (150 – 142) * 1500 Limited risk: since the loss can be maximum to the extent of net premium paid. Limited Profit: maximum being the difference between higher strike price option and lower strike price option after deducting the net premium paid.
BEAR CALL SPREAD:
Buy a call and sell a call with different strike price and same expiry date with sell call strike price lower than the buy call strike price.
Profit/loss of short call 6 P r 2 o f i t
140 142
Profit/loss of Long call
150
L o -4 s s -8
Example: Assumptions: Spot price of ACC - Rs 142 Sell ACC April 140 call @ Rs 6 & Buy ACC April 150 call @ Rs 4 Mutiplier : 1500 Break-even point: Rs 142 There are four scenarios at the expiry date: ACC <= 140. Profit = Rs 3000 (limited to the extent of premium received - premium paid) ACC>140 and <=142. Profit=(142–closing spot price at expiry) * 1500 ACC>142 and <=150. Loss=(closing spot price at expiry–142) * 1500 ACC > 150. Loss = (150 – 142) * 1500 Limited risk: since the loss can be maximum of Rs 12000. Limited Profit: maximum being the difference between premium received and premium paid.
LONG STRANGLE:
Buy a call and buy a put with same expiry date but different strike price, with the put strike price lower than the call strike price and when one is uncertain about the market but expects it to move in either direction sharply.
Long Put
Long Call
P r o f i t L -2 o s -3 s -5
138
140
150
153
135
155
Example: Assumptions : Spot price of the ACC – Rs 145 , Multiplier : 1500 Buy ACC Sep. 140 put @ 2 & Buy ACC Sep. 150 call @ 3 Break-even point : Rs 155 for call option/ Rs 135 for put option There are five scenarios at the expiry date. ACC <= 135 profit = (135- closing price at expiry)*1500 ACC > 135 & <= 140. Loss = (colsing price at expiry -135)*1500 ACC >140 & <=150 Loss = maximum to the extent of premium paid = Rs 7500 ACC>150 & <155. Loss= (155- closing spot price at expiry)*1500 ACC>= 155. Profit = (closing price at expiry –155)*1500 Limited risk: since loss can be limited to the extent of premium paid. Returns : unlimited as the maximum gain could be greater if sharp movement occur.
SHORT STRADDLE:
Sell a call and sell a put with the same strike price and same expiry date when prices are expected to be stable.
L o s s Sell Put
Example Assumptions: Multiplier: 1600 Sell Tata Sept. 140 call @ 9 & Sell Tata Sept. 140 put @ 8
Break-even point : 157 for call option/ 123 for put option Tata <=123 loss = (123- closing at expiry)*1600 Tata> 123 & <=140 . profit = ( closing at expiry - 123)*1600 Tata > 140 & <= 157. Profit = ( 157 – closing spot price at expiry)*1600 Tata >157. Loss = (closing spot price at expiry - 157)*1600 Risk: the maximum risk could be greater if sharp movements occur. Limited profit: since profit can be limited to the extent of premium received. Max. profit is Rs. 27200(17*1600) at a price of 140
8
P r o f i t
17
9
123 157
140 132 149
Sell Call
Put/Call Ratio
P/C ratio
Less than 0.35 Greater than 0.75 Greater than 0.35 and less than 0.75
Indication
Extremely bullish Extremely bearish Uncertain
OPEN INTEREST (An indicator)
• Some interpretations using Open Interest:
• • • • • Rising open interest in an uptrend is bullish Declining open interest in an uptrend is bearish. Rising open interest in a downtrend is bearish. Declining open interest in a downtrend is bullish. Within an uptrend, a sudden leveling off or decline in open interest often warns a change in trend. • Very high open interest at market tops is dangerous and can intensify downside pressure.
FUTURES
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FUTURES AND OPTIONS
Futures
Risk exposure and profit potential are unlimited for both the parties. There is no premium Impose obligations on both the parties Both the parties have to put in margins.
Options
Risk exposure and profit potential are limited for the seller. The buyers have to pay a premium to the sellers. Impose obligations on the sellers only. Only the sellers have to put in margins.
• Types of Futures
• • • • • Agricultural Metallurgical Interest Bearing Assets Indexes Foreign Currencies
Margin Money
• Different Types of Margins:
• • • • • Initial Margin Mark-to-Market Margin Maintenance Margin Additional Margin Cross Margining
THE BLACK -SCHOLES MODEL
(An option pricing model)
FINDINGS
Growth:
• • Cash market- turnover-3692 cr. (BSE & NSE) Derivatives market- traded value - 2417 cr.
Factors that hinder the growth of Derivatives Market in India:
• • • • • Market is dominated by few large players. Very high minimum contract size. Initial investment. Number of scrips available for trading is 31. Cash settlement only.
Thank you
doc_266296203.ppt