Description
This is a presentation discussing various Field work procedures and data analysis methods employed in practice.
FIELD WORK PROCEDURES AND DATA ANALYSIS
1
Field work steps
Field work is done physically by interviewing people at homes, offices or on the streets. It involves following steps –
?
1. Design of field work – It’s a plan for primary data collection. 2. Selection of cities – This depends on the sampling methods that determines which of these places will result a sample with required characteristics.
?
2
Field work steps…… contd
?
3. Organize the field work – A field supervisor is sent a written ‘brief’ and copies of questionnaire. This ‘brief’ contains the necessary details like client information, purpose of study, target population and the sample size. 4. Briefing – Before the field workers are sent on field, the field supervisor briefs them and they also do a couple of mock interviews so that they understand the questions, answer categories and the sequence. A target for the day in terms of filled in questionnaires is also set for each field worker.
?
3
Field work steps…… contd
?
5. Selection of respondents – Field supervisor leads the team of field workers and instructs them on how to contact the respondents. 6. Control procedures on field – Back checks, call backs and quality checks are done at the end of each day to ensure that no mistake is done on field. 7. Filled - in questionnaires go for data processing – The filledin questionnaires are given to the data entry team who enters the data into the computer program.
?
?
4
What is analysis?
? Analysis
of data is the process by which the raw data is converted into useful information. data as collected from the questionnaires cannot be used unless it is processed in some way to make it amenable to draw conclusions. should be planned at the time of designing the questionnaire.
? Raw
? Analysis
5
3 types of analysis
? UNIVARIATE
– involving a single variable at a
time
? BIVARIATE
– involving two variables at a time
? MULTIVARIATE
– involving three or more variables at a time
6
3 types of analysis…contd.
? The
choice of which type of data analysis to be used in a research study depends on three factors –
– – –
The scale of measurement of data The research design Assumptions about the test statistic being used
7
STAGES OF DATA ANALYSIS
?
1. VALIDATION – It helps to confirm whether the interview was really conducted. It also helps to find out any fraud or failure. 2. EDITING – It is the process of checking for the mistakes by interviewer or the respondent while filling the questionnaire. 3. CODING – It is the process of assigning numbers or other symbols to the answers / response choices in order to group the limited categories.
?
?
8
STAGES OF DATA ANALYSIS
?
4. DATA ENTRY – It is the process of entering the data manually into computer packages, in the excel sheet or the statistical packages such as SPSS, SAS, Quantum, etc. 5. DATA CLEANING – It includes consistency checks and treatment of missing responses. 6. TABULATION AND ANALYSIS – Once the data is cleaned off all the errors, it is stored in the database and it is ready to be tabulated to facilitate the further analysis.
?
?
9
doc_615586784.ppt
This is a presentation discussing various Field work procedures and data analysis methods employed in practice.
FIELD WORK PROCEDURES AND DATA ANALYSIS
1
Field work steps
Field work is done physically by interviewing people at homes, offices or on the streets. It involves following steps –
?
1. Design of field work – It’s a plan for primary data collection. 2. Selection of cities – This depends on the sampling methods that determines which of these places will result a sample with required characteristics.
?
2
Field work steps…… contd
?
3. Organize the field work – A field supervisor is sent a written ‘brief’ and copies of questionnaire. This ‘brief’ contains the necessary details like client information, purpose of study, target population and the sample size. 4. Briefing – Before the field workers are sent on field, the field supervisor briefs them and they also do a couple of mock interviews so that they understand the questions, answer categories and the sequence. A target for the day in terms of filled in questionnaires is also set for each field worker.
?
3
Field work steps…… contd
?
5. Selection of respondents – Field supervisor leads the team of field workers and instructs them on how to contact the respondents. 6. Control procedures on field – Back checks, call backs and quality checks are done at the end of each day to ensure that no mistake is done on field. 7. Filled - in questionnaires go for data processing – The filledin questionnaires are given to the data entry team who enters the data into the computer program.
?
?
4
What is analysis?
? Analysis
of data is the process by which the raw data is converted into useful information. data as collected from the questionnaires cannot be used unless it is processed in some way to make it amenable to draw conclusions. should be planned at the time of designing the questionnaire.
? Raw
? Analysis
5
3 types of analysis
? UNIVARIATE
– involving a single variable at a
time
? BIVARIATE
– involving two variables at a time
? MULTIVARIATE
– involving three or more variables at a time
6
3 types of analysis…contd.
? The
choice of which type of data analysis to be used in a research study depends on three factors –
– – –
The scale of measurement of data The research design Assumptions about the test statistic being used
7
STAGES OF DATA ANALYSIS
?
1. VALIDATION – It helps to confirm whether the interview was really conducted. It also helps to find out any fraud or failure. 2. EDITING – It is the process of checking for the mistakes by interviewer or the respondent while filling the questionnaire. 3. CODING – It is the process of assigning numbers or other symbols to the answers / response choices in order to group the limited categories.
?
?
8
STAGES OF DATA ANALYSIS
?
4. DATA ENTRY – It is the process of entering the data manually into computer packages, in the excel sheet or the statistical packages such as SPSS, SAS, Quantum, etc. 5. DATA CLEANING – It includes consistency checks and treatment of missing responses. 6. TABULATION AND ANALYSIS – Once the data is cleaned off all the errors, it is stored in the database and it is ready to be tabulated to facilitate the further analysis.
?
?
9
doc_615586784.ppt