Description
In such a detailed data regarding extended model of new approach impact on quality, safety and competency of product.
International J ournal for Quality research
UDK- 378.014.3(497.11)
Short Scientific Paper (1.03)
Katarina Kanjevac
Milovanovi?
1)
Slavko Arsovski
1)
Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, University of
Kragujevac, Serbia
Extended Model of New Approach Impact on
Quality, Safety and Competency of Product our
Enterprises
Abstract: The basic subject of this work is development of
models for assessing the impact of the new approach
directives on access to quality, safety and competitiveness
products, and competency of our companies. This work
represents real hypothesis on the basis of expert’s
experiences, in regard to that the infrastructure with using
new approach directives wasn’t examined until now, it isn’t
known which product or industry of Serbia is related to
directives of the new approach and CE mark, and it is not
known which are effects of the use of the CE mark. This
work should indicate existing quality reserves and
product’s safety, the level of possible competency
improvement and increasing the profit by discharging new
approach directive requires.
Keywords: directives new approach, competitiveness,
quality of product, safety and products, simulation, synergy
effect
1. INTRODUCTION
A free flow of commodity is the one the
basic principles in European Union besides a
free flow of services, capital and work force.
This freedom significantly contributes greater
supply and simultaneously induces
competency. For providing free flow of
commodity, European Union develops specific
mechanisms. New approach directives had the
most important place among these mechanisms
[1].
States that are members of European
Union must accept measures and arise the
national infrastructure so that they would
provide, at the inward market of European
Union, that only products due to specific
directives, which besides regular, installation,
maintenance and use, do not imperil safety and
health of people or some other public interests.
Reaching the certain level of international
competency is also one of prerequisite for
European Union acceptance because defined by
Lisbon’s strategy for European Union
acceptance the countries must satisfy the
condition of existing efficient trade economy
and competitive enterprise able to stand the
pressure of global markets [5, 6, 7].
According to the analysis of doing
business of one hundred of the greatest Serbian
exporters, we came to information that a
number of companies export their products that
must satisfy new approach directive requires.
The basic subject of this work is the
development of models for assessing the impact
of the new approach directives on access to
quality, safety and competitiveness of our
enterprises and the simulation of the effect.
Basis in the development of this work are based
on the application of systems theory, especially
models and dynamic simulations of certain
economic and organizational systems. The
basic method to be used in the making of this
work is a method of modeling dynamic
complex systems.
There is no competitive national economy
without discharging the most important
condition and those are competitive products
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 1
that satisfy technical and safely market
requires. This work should indicate existing
quality reserves and product’s safety, the level
of possible competency improvement and
increasing the profit by discharging new
approach directive requires.
2. SIMULATION AND
MODELING BASES
Simulation is the process of shaping
models of real or imaginary system, as well as
carrying out the experiment over him. The
purpose of the simulation:
• Understanding behavior of
• Determining the strategy of the system.
Simulation allows the analysis of the system,
and features, capacity, behavior, and all without
creating or experiments with the real system. In
the best case, the creation of the real system is
expensive (Factory), and often undesirable
(atom bomb, explosion).
Themodel is a conceptual framework that
describes the system. A model is approximate
description of system or process used for
system's understanding, his changing or
managing it [2, 3]. Models should be much
simpler, though accurate and useful for the
purpose they are made for. The model is
usually in the form of a set of assumptions
expressed: mathematical, logical, through a set
of symbolic relations between the entities. In
modeling there are different approaches that are
referred to: time aspect, stochastic processes or
determinist, discreet or continual state changes.
Behavior of the system that changes over time
studying the development of simulation models.
simulation
model
Input
(data simulation)
Output
(simulation results)
Level
expererimrnttation
Simulation process
Level
construction model
Enter data for
model synthesis Sinthesis
simulation
model
Specifikation
model
Figure 1 – The concept of simulation - activities
(Modeling, experimentation of the model, analysis of simulation results)
The aim of modeling and simulation
• The model can examine a wide range of
"what - if" questions about the real
system. Can simulate the potential
changes to the system and to predict
their impact on the system. Can be
found adequate parameters of the
system before implementation. A study
on models instead of real system is
usually much easier, faster, cheaper, and
safer.
• Simulation can be used as an analytical
tool for predicting the effects of changes
or design tool for predicting the
performance of new system.
• It is better to do the simulation before
implementation.
Types of simulation and models
General division of simulation depending
on the ways in which the variables that describe
the state of change:
• Discrete event simulation state variables
are changed simultaneously in the time
moments
• Continuous state variables are changing
continuously, usually through the
function of the time variable
In practice, most simulations use both types of
simulation, but is a kind of dominates.
Types of models
• mathematical models (differential
equations, probability theory, algebraic
methods ...) give accurate results in the form of
one or more numerical parameters
(performance measurement system). Can have
K. K. Milovanovi?, S. Arsovski 2
several input parameters. Can not be used for
complex systems.
• Computer Numerical simulation -
imitation of behavior over time. Data is
collected to be viewed as a real system.
The reasons for the application of simulation
• Simulation allows study of
interactions within complex systems
• You can simulate and study changes
in the structure of information,
organizational
changes and changes in the
environment
• Simulation model supports the
promotion of knowledge about the
system
• Finding important input parameters
change the simulation input
• Experimenting with new projects and
strategies before implementation
• Simulation of different possibilities
for determining the machine needs
• Simulation models for training allow
learning without increasing costs
• Modern systems (plant, facilities,
services, etc...) Are so complex that
the interactions within the system can
process only through simulation
The advantages of simulation and modeling
• New management procedures can be
checked without disruption of the real
system
• New project solutions, equipment,
distribution, transportation systems ...
can be
before the test equipment
• Can vary the speed of the clock in the
study of certain phenomena
Acquires the insight about the impact
of individual-level variables in the
system
Analysis of "bottleneck" shows where
there is a significant delay in the
movement of materials and
information
• Simulation study contributes to the
understanding of the system
• Get answers to "what if" questions,
which is particularly useful in the
design
new system
Dynamics complex system modeling
includes phases showed in Figure 2.
1
Articulation
problem
Formulation
dynamic hypothesis
3
Formulation
simulation model
4
Test
5
Designing and
calibration politics
* selection problem
* key variable
* time horizonte
* dynamic system at last periods
* generation boot-up barrier
* focusing in endogen factor
* mapping structure of process
* specification structure and rules determining
* definition parameter relation ongoing etc.
* test consistent with purpose and constraint
* simile with reference black level model
* Robustness for extremis condition
* sensitivity
* specification scenario
* designing politics
* analysis ``what if``
- analysis sensitivity
\
Figure 2 – Phases modeling
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 3
International J ournal for Quality research
UDK- 378.014.3(497.11)
Short Scientific Paper (1.03)
At modeling it starts from observing real
world and along by informational feedbacks
arise mental model of real world is, as well as
strategy, structure and rules of making decision.
On the basis of them simulation model for
making decisions in real world is formed
(Figure 3).
Decisions
Information
close
loop
Mental
model of real
world
Strategy,
structure,
decision
rules
Real
world
5
1
2
3
4
Figure 3 – The way from real world to the model
On the basis of these basic system
behaviors structure and behavior of system
components, relation between them (+ for
positive impact and – for negative impact) or
through certain diagrams that indicate to the
dependence of system structure elements. The
flowing phase is the development of simulation
software, into which the structure’s elements
are built.
Previously underlined aspects of behavior
are the base for the development of complex
elements, from which the next are emphasized:
• Increase in form of S curve
(logarithmic curve, or saturating
curve ) that is shamed in,
• Increase in from S curve with
stabilization ,
• Great increase and collapse and
others.
Other forms of behavior are:
• Equilibrium, when the system state
changes very little in the second
period and when negative system
feedbacks are held approximately
constant by the system,
• Accidentally, as result of accidental
variation system elements or
environmental impact,
• Chaos, that may be described through
three forms of behavior: muted
oscillation (local stability), increasing
oscillations and limited cycles, and
chaotic oscillations.
On the basis of previously underlined forms of
behavior (theoretically and practically
examined) model of complex dynamics system
is formed and through proper tools for
systematical opinion.
3. EXTENDED IMPACT WITH
SIMULATION RELATION AND
SYNERGY EFFECT
In consideration of the theme of research it
starts from characteristics K1-K18, by what
levels of characteristics (Figure 4) and forms of
dependence between the same relations R1-R26
are firstly established. The sign +demonstrates
that by increasing of an independent
characteristics the value of dependent
characteristic increases according to certain
relation Ri [4].
Precise relation defining depends on the
kind of product, competency level in that area,
manufacturer’s characteristics and requires of
directives and standards for that area, us well as
costs of consultant services, examination and
notification. Because of that, in this work, the
authors decided to except model defining and
relation form, define the degree of the new
approach directive impact. Measure in the area
of one middle class example requires (machines
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 4
for PVC and Al profile curving) and assesses
the impact degree according to characteristic’s
variations for 10 percent, what is real for one
year period.
K16
LEVEL REQUIREMENT
CONSUME TOWARD
SAFETY PRODUCTS
LEVEL OF
COMPETITIVENESS
NUMBER
EMPLOYER
LEVEL OF
SAFETY PRODUCTS
LEVEL OF
PROTECTION
CUSTOMER
COST OF
NOTIFICATION
COST OF
CONSULTANT SERVICE
AND TESTING
COST OF
PRODUCTS
LEVEL OF REDESIGN
PRODUCTS AND
PROCESS
PERFORMANCE OF
PRODUCTS
PRICE
NATIONALITY
POLITIC PRICE
LEVEL OF
DEREGULATION
SIZE
SALE/MARKET
MARKET
REISTING
LEVEL OF
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
EU
COMPETITIVETI
LEVEL
LEVEL OF
COMPETITIVE
ECONOMIC
AMBIENT
K15
K11
K1
K2
K4
K14
K13
K17
K8 K12
K5
K18
K3
K9
K10
K7
K6
R23
R24
R18
R21
R20
R25
R17
R1
R2
R16
R11
R19
R26
R5
R3
R15
R6
R7
R10
R8
R22
R4
R13 R9
R12
R14
Figure 4 – Relations between characteristics
Simulation is the imitation of the real
process or system over time. Simulations
modify the standard scientific paradigm:
- Not an experiment (our input was not from
nature) or theory (output is unknown,
"measures")
- The closest definition: a new heuristic tool
( heuristic =that leads to new knowledge)
- Use:
• Solving mathematical models that can
not be treated analytically
• Numerical solutions lead to improved
understanding of the studied
phenomenon and to establish the
legality of partial analysis
(“phenomenological model")
• New analytical relations allow
refinements of the model and/or
numerical algorithm, which lead to new
improve the understanding of...
• leads to uncontrolled explosive
escalation of our understanding of the
world.
Synergy (from the Greek syn-ergos,
???????? meaning working together) is the term
used to describe a situation where different
entities cooperate advantageously for a final
outcome. Simply defined, it means that the
whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Synergy is created when things work in concert
together to create an outcome that is in some
way of more value than the total of what the
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 5
individual inputs is.
Synergy effect is an additional effect that
occurs as a result of various business activities,
with special material investment, as a result of
better organization. It is often used as a term for
the additional effects that occur because of the
integration (fusion or acquisition) of two or
more companies engaged in the same
production or products that are inter-
supplement, whose common business
performance after the integration will be greater
than its individual boils results. Synergy effect
is expressed symbolically as follows: 2 + 2 = 5.
.
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
Data: Data1_B
Model:ExpDecay1
Chi^2=0.00002
y0 0.50487 ±0.0029
x0 0 ±0
A1 -0.20659 ±0.00446
t1 1.59169 ±0.0881
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
(
K
1
)
time(year)
2 4 6 8 10
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
synergy effect
time (year)
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
(
K
1
)
simulation value
Figure 5 – Comparing the simulation value and synergy effect the level of competitiveness
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
B
Polynomial Fitof DataK4_B
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
s
a
f
e
t
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
(
K
4
)
time (year)
synergy effect
time (year)
simulation value
2 4 6 8 10
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
s
a
f
e
t
l
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
(
K
4
)
Figure 6 – Comparing the simulation value and synergy effect the level of safety products
synergy effect
time (year)
simulation value
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
Y =0.94792-0.1003X+0.00982X
2
c
o
s
t
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
(
K
7
)
time(year)
2 4 6 8
2.88
2.90
2.92
2.94
2.96
2.98
c
o
s
t
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
Figure 7 – Comparing the simulation value and synergy effect cost of products
K. K. Milovanovi?, S. Arsovski 6
When comparing the simulation value and
synergy effect the level of competitiveness can
be concluded that it is the same form of curves
depending on the time (Figure 5).
To the same conclusion can be reached
and when it comes to level of safety products
(Figure 6) and cost of products (Figure 7)
For the simulation values are synergy
effect used mathematic programs ORIGIN and
Wolfram Mathematic
4. CONDUSION
This work represents real hypothesis on
the basis of expert’s experiences, in regard to
that the infrastructure with using new approach
directives wasn’t examined until now, it isn’t
known which product or industry of Serbia
succumb to directives of the new approach and
CE mark, and it is not known which are effects
of the use of the CE mark.
The model for assessing the impact of the
new approach directives on access to quality,
safety and competitiveness products and
competitiveness our enterprises is stabilized, it
has feedbacks. Model includes the most
relevant factors. According to the given results
we can conclude that new approach directives
have dominant impact on product competency,
level of safety products and cost of products,
there by on competitive enterprise.
REFERENCES:
[1] Tricker R., CE Conformity Marking and New Approach Directives, Butterworth Heineman, Oxford,
2000.
[2] Pidd M., Computer Simulation in Management Science, J ohn Wiley&sons, INC., New York, 1992.
[3] Ruth M., Hanman B., Modeling Dynamic Economic Systems, Springr-Verlay, INC.,New York, 1997.
[4] Ross S., Simulation, Elsevie Academic Press, INC., USA, 2006.
[5] Barringer, Bruce R., and Entrepreneurship: successfully launching new ventures, Pearson Prentice
Hall, Inc, New J ersey, 2006.
[6] McGrath R. G., MacMillan I., The entrepreneurial mindset, Harvard Business School Press, USA,
2000.
[7] Bodde D. L., The intentional entrepreneur, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., New York, 2004.
[8] Arsovski S., KanjevacMilovanovic K., Modeling the impact of new approach diresctives on
competitiveness of enterprise, Quality festival, 2
nd
International quality conference, Kragujevac,
2008.
[9] Arsovski S., KanjevacMilovanovic K., Extende model of competitivity throug application of new
approach directives, Thread International Conference ICQME, BudvaMontenegro,2008
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 7
doc_865937096.pdf
In such a detailed data regarding extended model of new approach impact on quality, safety and competency of product.
International J ournal for Quality research
UDK- 378.014.3(497.11)
Short Scientific Paper (1.03)
Katarina Kanjevac
Milovanovi?
1)
Slavko Arsovski
1)
Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, University of
Kragujevac, Serbia
Extended Model of New Approach Impact on
Quality, Safety and Competency of Product our
Enterprises
Abstract: The basic subject of this work is development of
models for assessing the impact of the new approach
directives on access to quality, safety and competitiveness
products, and competency of our companies. This work
represents real hypothesis on the basis of expert’s
experiences, in regard to that the infrastructure with using
new approach directives wasn’t examined until now, it isn’t
known which product or industry of Serbia is related to
directives of the new approach and CE mark, and it is not
known which are effects of the use of the CE mark. This
work should indicate existing quality reserves and
product’s safety, the level of possible competency
improvement and increasing the profit by discharging new
approach directive requires.
Keywords: directives new approach, competitiveness,
quality of product, safety and products, simulation, synergy
effect
1. INTRODUCTION
A free flow of commodity is the one the
basic principles in European Union besides a
free flow of services, capital and work force.
This freedom significantly contributes greater
supply and simultaneously induces
competency. For providing free flow of
commodity, European Union develops specific
mechanisms. New approach directives had the
most important place among these mechanisms
[1].
States that are members of European
Union must accept measures and arise the
national infrastructure so that they would
provide, at the inward market of European
Union, that only products due to specific
directives, which besides regular, installation,
maintenance and use, do not imperil safety and
health of people or some other public interests.
Reaching the certain level of international
competency is also one of prerequisite for
European Union acceptance because defined by
Lisbon’s strategy for European Union
acceptance the countries must satisfy the
condition of existing efficient trade economy
and competitive enterprise able to stand the
pressure of global markets [5, 6, 7].
According to the analysis of doing
business of one hundred of the greatest Serbian
exporters, we came to information that a
number of companies export their products that
must satisfy new approach directive requires.
The basic subject of this work is the
development of models for assessing the impact
of the new approach directives on access to
quality, safety and competitiveness of our
enterprises and the simulation of the effect.
Basis in the development of this work are based
on the application of systems theory, especially
models and dynamic simulations of certain
economic and organizational systems. The
basic method to be used in the making of this
work is a method of modeling dynamic
complex systems.
There is no competitive national economy
without discharging the most important
condition and those are competitive products
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 1
that satisfy technical and safely market
requires. This work should indicate existing
quality reserves and product’s safety, the level
of possible competency improvement and
increasing the profit by discharging new
approach directive requires.
2. SIMULATION AND
MODELING BASES
Simulation is the process of shaping
models of real or imaginary system, as well as
carrying out the experiment over him. The
purpose of the simulation:
• Understanding behavior of
• Determining the strategy of the system.
Simulation allows the analysis of the system,
and features, capacity, behavior, and all without
creating or experiments with the real system. In
the best case, the creation of the real system is
expensive (Factory), and often undesirable
(atom bomb, explosion).
Themodel is a conceptual framework that
describes the system. A model is approximate
description of system or process used for
system's understanding, his changing or
managing it [2, 3]. Models should be much
simpler, though accurate and useful for the
purpose they are made for. The model is
usually in the form of a set of assumptions
expressed: mathematical, logical, through a set
of symbolic relations between the entities. In
modeling there are different approaches that are
referred to: time aspect, stochastic processes or
determinist, discreet or continual state changes.
Behavior of the system that changes over time
studying the development of simulation models.
simulation
model
Input
(data simulation)
Output
(simulation results)
Level
expererimrnttation
Simulation process
Level
construction model
Enter data for
model synthesis Sinthesis
simulation
model
Specifikation
model
Figure 1 – The concept of simulation - activities
(Modeling, experimentation of the model, analysis of simulation results)
The aim of modeling and simulation
• The model can examine a wide range of
"what - if" questions about the real
system. Can simulate the potential
changes to the system and to predict
their impact on the system. Can be
found adequate parameters of the
system before implementation. A study
on models instead of real system is
usually much easier, faster, cheaper, and
safer.
• Simulation can be used as an analytical
tool for predicting the effects of changes
or design tool for predicting the
performance of new system.
• It is better to do the simulation before
implementation.
Types of simulation and models
General division of simulation depending
on the ways in which the variables that describe
the state of change:
• Discrete event simulation state variables
are changed simultaneously in the time
moments
• Continuous state variables are changing
continuously, usually through the
function of the time variable
In practice, most simulations use both types of
simulation, but is a kind of dominates.
Types of models
• mathematical models (differential
equations, probability theory, algebraic
methods ...) give accurate results in the form of
one or more numerical parameters
(performance measurement system). Can have
K. K. Milovanovi?, S. Arsovski 2
several input parameters. Can not be used for
complex systems.
• Computer Numerical simulation -
imitation of behavior over time. Data is
collected to be viewed as a real system.
The reasons for the application of simulation
• Simulation allows study of
interactions within complex systems
• You can simulate and study changes
in the structure of information,
organizational
changes and changes in the
environment
• Simulation model supports the
promotion of knowledge about the
system
• Finding important input parameters
change the simulation input
• Experimenting with new projects and
strategies before implementation
• Simulation of different possibilities
for determining the machine needs
• Simulation models for training allow
learning without increasing costs
• Modern systems (plant, facilities,
services, etc...) Are so complex that
the interactions within the system can
process only through simulation
The advantages of simulation and modeling
• New management procedures can be
checked without disruption of the real
system
• New project solutions, equipment,
distribution, transportation systems ...
can be
before the test equipment
• Can vary the speed of the clock in the
study of certain phenomena
Acquires the insight about the impact
of individual-level variables in the
system
Analysis of "bottleneck" shows where
there is a significant delay in the
movement of materials and
information
• Simulation study contributes to the
understanding of the system
• Get answers to "what if" questions,
which is particularly useful in the
design
new system
Dynamics complex system modeling
includes phases showed in Figure 2.
1
Articulation
problem
Formulation
dynamic hypothesis
3
Formulation
simulation model
4
Test
5
Designing and
calibration politics
* selection problem
* key variable
* time horizonte
* dynamic system at last periods
* generation boot-up barrier
* focusing in endogen factor
* mapping structure of process
* specification structure and rules determining
* definition parameter relation ongoing etc.
* test consistent with purpose and constraint
* simile with reference black level model
* Robustness for extremis condition
* sensitivity
* specification scenario
* designing politics
* analysis ``what if``
- analysis sensitivity
\
Figure 2 – Phases modeling
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 3
International J ournal for Quality research
UDK- 378.014.3(497.11)
Short Scientific Paper (1.03)
At modeling it starts from observing real
world and along by informational feedbacks
arise mental model of real world is, as well as
strategy, structure and rules of making decision.
On the basis of them simulation model for
making decisions in real world is formed
(Figure 3).
Decisions
Information
close
loop
Mental
model of real
world
Strategy,
structure,
decision
rules
Real
world
5
1
2
3
4
Figure 3 – The way from real world to the model
On the basis of these basic system
behaviors structure and behavior of system
components, relation between them (+ for
positive impact and – for negative impact) or
through certain diagrams that indicate to the
dependence of system structure elements. The
flowing phase is the development of simulation
software, into which the structure’s elements
are built.
Previously underlined aspects of behavior
are the base for the development of complex
elements, from which the next are emphasized:
• Increase in form of S curve
(logarithmic curve, or saturating
curve ) that is shamed in,
• Increase in from S curve with
stabilization ,
• Great increase and collapse and
others.
Other forms of behavior are:
• Equilibrium, when the system state
changes very little in the second
period and when negative system
feedbacks are held approximately
constant by the system,
• Accidentally, as result of accidental
variation system elements or
environmental impact,
• Chaos, that may be described through
three forms of behavior: muted
oscillation (local stability), increasing
oscillations and limited cycles, and
chaotic oscillations.
On the basis of previously underlined forms of
behavior (theoretically and practically
examined) model of complex dynamics system
is formed and through proper tools for
systematical opinion.
3. EXTENDED IMPACT WITH
SIMULATION RELATION AND
SYNERGY EFFECT
In consideration of the theme of research it
starts from characteristics K1-K18, by what
levels of characteristics (Figure 4) and forms of
dependence between the same relations R1-R26
are firstly established. The sign +demonstrates
that by increasing of an independent
characteristics the value of dependent
characteristic increases according to certain
relation Ri [4].
Precise relation defining depends on the
kind of product, competency level in that area,
manufacturer’s characteristics and requires of
directives and standards for that area, us well as
costs of consultant services, examination and
notification. Because of that, in this work, the
authors decided to except model defining and
relation form, define the degree of the new
approach directive impact. Measure in the area
of one middle class example requires (machines
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 4
for PVC and Al profile curving) and assesses
the impact degree according to characteristic’s
variations for 10 percent, what is real for one
year period.
K16
LEVEL REQUIREMENT
CONSUME TOWARD
SAFETY PRODUCTS
LEVEL OF
COMPETITIVENESS
NUMBER
EMPLOYER
LEVEL OF
SAFETY PRODUCTS
LEVEL OF
PROTECTION
CUSTOMER
COST OF
NOTIFICATION
COST OF
CONSULTANT SERVICE
AND TESTING
COST OF
PRODUCTS
LEVEL OF REDESIGN
PRODUCTS AND
PROCESS
PERFORMANCE OF
PRODUCTS
PRICE
NATIONALITY
POLITIC PRICE
LEVEL OF
DEREGULATION
SIZE
SALE/MARKET
MARKET
REISTING
LEVEL OF
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
EU
COMPETITIVETI
LEVEL
LEVEL OF
COMPETITIVE
ECONOMIC
AMBIENT
K15
K11
K1
K2
K4
K14
K13
K17
K8 K12
K5
K18
K3
K9
K10
K7
K6
R23
R24
R18
R21
R20
R25
R17
R1
R2
R16
R11
R19
R26
R5
R3
R15
R6
R7
R10
R8
R22
R4
R13 R9
R12
R14
Figure 4 – Relations between characteristics
Simulation is the imitation of the real
process or system over time. Simulations
modify the standard scientific paradigm:
- Not an experiment (our input was not from
nature) or theory (output is unknown,
"measures")
- The closest definition: a new heuristic tool
( heuristic =that leads to new knowledge)
- Use:
• Solving mathematical models that can
not be treated analytically
• Numerical solutions lead to improved
understanding of the studied
phenomenon and to establish the
legality of partial analysis
(“phenomenological model")
• New analytical relations allow
refinements of the model and/or
numerical algorithm, which lead to new
improve the understanding of...
• leads to uncontrolled explosive
escalation of our understanding of the
world.
Synergy (from the Greek syn-ergos,
???????? meaning working together) is the term
used to describe a situation where different
entities cooperate advantageously for a final
outcome. Simply defined, it means that the
whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Synergy is created when things work in concert
together to create an outcome that is in some
way of more value than the total of what the
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 5
individual inputs is.
Synergy effect is an additional effect that
occurs as a result of various business activities,
with special material investment, as a result of
better organization. It is often used as a term for
the additional effects that occur because of the
integration (fusion or acquisition) of two or
more companies engaged in the same
production or products that are inter-
supplement, whose common business
performance after the integration will be greater
than its individual boils results. Synergy effect
is expressed symbolically as follows: 2 + 2 = 5.
.
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
Data: Data1_B
Model:ExpDecay1
Chi^2=0.00002
y0 0.50487 ±0.0029
x0 0 ±0
A1 -0.20659 ±0.00446
t1 1.59169 ±0.0881
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
(
K
1
)
time(year)
2 4 6 8 10
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
synergy effect
time (year)
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
(
K
1
)
simulation value
Figure 5 – Comparing the simulation value and synergy effect the level of competitiveness
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
B
Polynomial Fitof DataK4_B
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
s
a
f
e
t
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
(
K
4
)
time (year)
synergy effect
time (year)
simulation value
2 4 6 8 10
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
s
a
f
e
t
l
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
(
K
4
)
Figure 6 – Comparing the simulation value and synergy effect the level of safety products
synergy effect
time (year)
simulation value
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
Y =0.94792-0.1003X+0.00982X
2
c
o
s
t
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
(
K
7
)
time(year)
2 4 6 8
2.88
2.90
2.92
2.94
2.96
2.98
c
o
s
t
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
Figure 7 – Comparing the simulation value and synergy effect cost of products
K. K. Milovanovi?, S. Arsovski 6
When comparing the simulation value and
synergy effect the level of competitiveness can
be concluded that it is the same form of curves
depending on the time (Figure 5).
To the same conclusion can be reached
and when it comes to level of safety products
(Figure 6) and cost of products (Figure 7)
For the simulation values are synergy
effect used mathematic programs ORIGIN and
Wolfram Mathematic
4. CONDUSION
This work represents real hypothesis on
the basis of expert’s experiences, in regard to
that the infrastructure with using new approach
directives wasn’t examined until now, it isn’t
known which product or industry of Serbia
succumb to directives of the new approach and
CE mark, and it is not known which are effects
of the use of the CE mark.
The model for assessing the impact of the
new approach directives on access to quality,
safety and competitiveness products and
competitiveness our enterprises is stabilized, it
has feedbacks. Model includes the most
relevant factors. According to the given results
we can conclude that new approach directives
have dominant impact on product competency,
level of safety products and cost of products,
there by on competitive enterprise.
REFERENCES:
[1] Tricker R., CE Conformity Marking and New Approach Directives, Butterworth Heineman, Oxford,
2000.
[2] Pidd M., Computer Simulation in Management Science, J ohn Wiley&sons, INC., New York, 1992.
[3] Ruth M., Hanman B., Modeling Dynamic Economic Systems, Springr-Verlay, INC.,New York, 1997.
[4] Ross S., Simulation, Elsevie Academic Press, INC., USA, 2006.
[5] Barringer, Bruce R., and Entrepreneurship: successfully launching new ventures, Pearson Prentice
Hall, Inc, New J ersey, 2006.
[6] McGrath R. G., MacMillan I., The entrepreneurial mindset, Harvard Business School Press, USA,
2000.
[7] Bodde D. L., The intentional entrepreneur, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., New York, 2004.
[8] Arsovski S., KanjevacMilovanovic K., Modeling the impact of new approach diresctives on
competitiveness of enterprise, Quality festival, 2
nd
International quality conference, Kragujevac,
2008.
[9] Arsovski S., KanjevacMilovanovic K., Extende model of competitivity throug application of new
approach directives, Thread International Conference ICQME, BudvaMontenegro,2008
Vol.3, No. 2, 2009 7
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