Description
The presentation explaining lists down the elements of infrastructure like energy, water, road etc.
Various Infrastructure Elements
ENERGY WATER ROAD BANKING & FINANCE INSURANCE MINING & METALS
OIL & GAS
AVAIATION
RAILWAYS
PORTS & SHIPPING
Low spending on infrastructure has been a major impediment for growth in India
Recognizing the need Gvt. Of India has increased investment on Infrastructure in Budget 2007-08
Rural Infrastructure Power Generation National Highway Development Rs. 1200 crs. Rs. 800 crs. Rs. 10,667 crs.
Road cum railway bridge projects have been taken up as National Projects
India's economic performance in recent years has been among the best in the world, leading to a decline in poverty. Facilitate economic activities Maintain competitiveness Enable growth Access to the world markets and rapid opening up of domestic economies and societies Employment creation in virtual enterprises and growth in business transactions Part of the global society - towards one world
Power
? India is power deficient :
? Energy shortages of approx. 8% ? Peak power shortages of approx. 10-12% ? T&D losses are high: 30% - 50%.
? The Government plans to add 1 lakh MW of generation capacity by 2012 77,000 MW in the public sector and 23,000 MW from the private sector.
? Hydel projects aggregating 50000 MW to be developed by 2017 – huge untapped potential in the North-East and Jammu & Kashmir
? Transmission sector - Capital investment of USD 150 billion required in next 10-15 years to develop a National Grid, first transmission system in private sector.
? Distribution sector – Successful implementation of distribution reforms (as in Delhi) expected to encourage similar steps in other urban areas in the country.
Infrastructure
Anything that forms the core of the functioning of any country is infrastructure.
Power
Progress
?Electricity Act aims to revitalize the power sector (commercially viable) ?Generation (including captive power plants) freed from licensing ?Sale of power to third parties (other than bankrupt state utilities) allowed ?Distribution reform encouraged ?PPP in transmission – 1200 km transmission line project by Powerlinks Transmission Limited under implementation
T & D Losses
Divided into Three Parts Technical Losses Thefts by State Electricity Board Staff; where Meters are installed unofficially off the record Theft by consumers; either by hooking or hampering the meter
How they Can be handled
Reduction in Technical Loss is easier part Initially distribution lines were extended in haphazard manner leading to load development Reconfiguring the loads offers an immediate scope for loss reduction It could be done using load flow analysis Detecting unofficial loads Physical detection RPF & Tala took over Noida and North Delhi
Replace Faulty meters
Private Players have a Unique Consumer Numbers even if it Was a hut. Whereas in SEBs the consumer record is inevitably incomplete
Getting meters read is a major effort in the State of Orissa 40% meters were not read.
There are flat charges, charged from many consumers Using non-hookable insulated wires.
Electricity Theft in Rural Areas
A Case Study from Rajasthan. Conducted by Prayas, an NGO
• Study was conducted in a primarily agricultural electricity distribution Sub-division in South Rajasthan.
• Thrust was mainly on identifying a different approach to Institutional reforms in the Power Sector, than
• Large scale Privatisation Model that has been pushed by World Bank.
• The Study focuses on distribution losses in Rural areas.
Measures of Rajasthan State Electricity Board To check distribution losses. • Installation of Meters; • Release of connections to all applicants in agriculture Category; • Strengthening Vigilance;
Findings of the Study: • Non-Tribal agriculturally developed area accounts for most of the electricity consumption. • Urgent need for maintenance of distribution system. • Commercial losses constitute the major portion of distribution losses. • Unaccounted energy can be categorised in • defective meters • wrong meter reading • illegal hooking
• Illegal hooking is rampant in agricultural categories. • General mass of consumers expressed support and willingness to undertake social vigilance. • Politically powerful lobby of rich farmers opposed the project.
• Illegal connections out-numbered legal connections.
Reasons Identified by Prayas for high level of Electricity Theft • Backlog of Electricity Connections; giving a moral Justification. • Poor and Interrupted Power Supply; • Corruption; • High Entry Cost; Rs. 25000 for small farmers. • High Tariff; Rs. 200 per month, whereas use of kerosene is Rs. 20-25 per month.
Recommendations • Pure Technical approach is not sufficient to control Theft; • Release of Temporary connections; • Conversion of flat rate into meter;
• Region specific commercial policy.
Railway Turn Around
• Shift towards Market Orientation and Customer Focus. • Focus on Revenue Generation rather than cost control. • Leasing out of the catering and parcel service businesses.
• IR attracted private investments under the wagon investment schemes. • This freed up resources for utilisation in more remunerative activities. • Bringing down working expenses was achieved through measures such as the freeze on filling up vacancies and improving technical efficiency.
• Increased use of technology resulted in improving technical efficiency in services. • IR also focused on the sub-strategy capacity enhancement and ensured better capacity utilisation. Through enhanced axle-load and reduction in turnaround time of wagons by 14%, IR increased wagon capacity available per day by 36%. • The number of employees, which peaked at 1.652 million in 1991, was brought down progressively to 1.472 million by 2003, and to 1.412 million by 2006. •One of the elements of retrenchment is to trim excess staff. The approach that IR adopted was not to fill up vacancies created by retirement or other reasons.
Dedicated Freight Corridor • A dedicated freight corridor exclusively for running freight trains at a maximum permissible speed of 100 Kmph.
• DFC will not add to the capacity of the Indian Railways, but will improve transit.
• DFC will reduce transit time between Delhi and Mumbai from 60 hours to 36 hours.
• It
will also reduce the cost of operation. total length of the route for DFC is 2,700 km.
• The
• Currently the trains handling containers are single stack containers, but DFC will have double stack containers of 25 tonne axle load, which will increase the cargo handling capacity to 25 per cent.
• The length of a conventional goods train is 650 m and runs at 75 km per hour, whereas for DFC the length of the train will be 1.5 km and will run on the speed of 100 km per hour. • The Railways will spend Rs 2,000 crore on signalling, and will procure fixed signalling equipment. • Advanced Signaling System facilitating better and efficient operation of trains. • Transfer trains from the existing corridor to the DFC and vice versa through predetermined Junction arrangement, equipped with grade separators to facilitate smooth transfer of trains between the two networks.
Dedicated Freight Corridor The salient features of the project are:
· Primarily Double Line corridor (except where Single Line is justified on traffic considerations) running parallel to the existing corridors, so as to maximize the usage of available railway land; · The track sub structure like formation, bridges etc are to be fit for 32.5-ton axle load but the track super structure like track, sleepers, ballast etc are to be fit for 25-ton axle load. · The loop length on the proposed corridor to be 1500 meters long to facilitate running of long haul trains.
• Western Corridor will start from the Jawaharlal Nehru Port to Dadri connecting Baroda, Ahmedabad, Palanpur, Jaipur and Rewari to Tughlakabad and Dadri. • The western corridor comprising mainly of container traffic has envisaged about four logistic parks, one each near cities like Delhi, Jaipur, Ahemdabad and Boroda. • Eastern Corridor will start from Ludhiana to Sonnagar via Ambala, Saharanpur, Khurja and Allahabad. • Both the corridors would be joined by a link between Dadri and Khurja, the feeder routes of this corridor connecting ports of Gujarat.
Roads -Progress & Issues
Status of NHDP and other NHAI projects
(kms)
Total Completed Under Implementation To be awarded GQ 5846 3121 2725 NS-EW 7274 653 410 6211 Port Connectivity 356 69 229 58 Others 777 194 121 462 Total 14253 4037 3485 6731
Issues ? Road Networks have fallen way behind growth in traffic ? Budgets for expansion and maintenance are inadequate
Source - NHAI website
Need to move away from road construction to road service
Roads
Issues
? Focus on asset creation not management ? NHAI is managing through short term tolling/ maintenance contracts ? Long term contracts ? Future toll revenues can be securitised ? Maintenance responsibility with private sector
Indian Aviation
CURRENT SCENARIO
Number of Aircraft (Scheduled Operation)
Passengers – Domestic ( Millions) – International( Millions) Number of airports / airstrips – AAI – International Airports Number of Airlines 14
321
69 26 454 97 16
Airport Infrastructure Development Policy Framework ?? Airport development in India- traditionally in public sector. ?? AAI Act and Aircraft Rules amended ( 2004) to enable private participation. ?? Public Private Participation (PPP) Model now the cornerstone of airport development. ?? 100% FDI permitted in Greenfield Airports( Feb 2006)- Development of new airports permissible entirely in Private Sector as well.
Airport Development- Focus Areas ?? Existing airports ?? Capacity Constraints ?? AIRSIDE ?? TERMINALS
?? Spread of Growth at other airports
?? Development of Regional Airports
Initiatives On Airports ?? Metro airports ?? Delhi & mumbai, the two major international Airports restructured through jv route (2006) ?? Greenfield Airports ?? New greenfield airports under construction at hyderabad and bangalore. ?? Non Metro Airports ?? State owned aai taking up select 35 non-metro airports for modernisation. ?? CITY SIDE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-METRO AIRPORTS THROUGH PPP
Opportunities • Indian aviation growing at a spectacular pace. • Investment opportunities- US $ 110 billion by 2020 – New Aircraft US $ 80 billion – Airport Infrastructure US $ 30 billion • Other areas- Steady induction of new aircraft - Potential to become regional Maintenance Hub - Investment of US $ 100 million each already committed by Boeing and Airbus. Training - demand for trained manpower - New Flying Training Institute at Gondia
doc_152943888.ppt
The presentation explaining lists down the elements of infrastructure like energy, water, road etc.
Various Infrastructure Elements
ENERGY WATER ROAD BANKING & FINANCE INSURANCE MINING & METALS
OIL & GAS
AVAIATION
RAILWAYS
PORTS & SHIPPING
Low spending on infrastructure has been a major impediment for growth in India
Recognizing the need Gvt. Of India has increased investment on Infrastructure in Budget 2007-08
Rural Infrastructure Power Generation National Highway Development Rs. 1200 crs. Rs. 800 crs. Rs. 10,667 crs.
Road cum railway bridge projects have been taken up as National Projects
India's economic performance in recent years has been among the best in the world, leading to a decline in poverty. Facilitate economic activities Maintain competitiveness Enable growth Access to the world markets and rapid opening up of domestic economies and societies Employment creation in virtual enterprises and growth in business transactions Part of the global society - towards one world
Power
? India is power deficient :
? Energy shortages of approx. 8% ? Peak power shortages of approx. 10-12% ? T&D losses are high: 30% - 50%.
? The Government plans to add 1 lakh MW of generation capacity by 2012 77,000 MW in the public sector and 23,000 MW from the private sector.
? Hydel projects aggregating 50000 MW to be developed by 2017 – huge untapped potential in the North-East and Jammu & Kashmir
? Transmission sector - Capital investment of USD 150 billion required in next 10-15 years to develop a National Grid, first transmission system in private sector.
? Distribution sector – Successful implementation of distribution reforms (as in Delhi) expected to encourage similar steps in other urban areas in the country.
Infrastructure
Anything that forms the core of the functioning of any country is infrastructure.
Power
Progress
?Electricity Act aims to revitalize the power sector (commercially viable) ?Generation (including captive power plants) freed from licensing ?Sale of power to third parties (other than bankrupt state utilities) allowed ?Distribution reform encouraged ?PPP in transmission – 1200 km transmission line project by Powerlinks Transmission Limited under implementation
T & D Losses
Divided into Three Parts Technical Losses Thefts by State Electricity Board Staff; where Meters are installed unofficially off the record Theft by consumers; either by hooking or hampering the meter
How they Can be handled
Reduction in Technical Loss is easier part Initially distribution lines were extended in haphazard manner leading to load development Reconfiguring the loads offers an immediate scope for loss reduction It could be done using load flow analysis Detecting unofficial loads Physical detection RPF & Tala took over Noida and North Delhi
Replace Faulty meters
Private Players have a Unique Consumer Numbers even if it Was a hut. Whereas in SEBs the consumer record is inevitably incomplete
Getting meters read is a major effort in the State of Orissa 40% meters were not read.
There are flat charges, charged from many consumers Using non-hookable insulated wires.
Electricity Theft in Rural Areas
A Case Study from Rajasthan. Conducted by Prayas, an NGO
• Study was conducted in a primarily agricultural electricity distribution Sub-division in South Rajasthan.
• Thrust was mainly on identifying a different approach to Institutional reforms in the Power Sector, than
• Large scale Privatisation Model that has been pushed by World Bank.
• The Study focuses on distribution losses in Rural areas.
Measures of Rajasthan State Electricity Board To check distribution losses. • Installation of Meters; • Release of connections to all applicants in agriculture Category; • Strengthening Vigilance;
Findings of the Study: • Non-Tribal agriculturally developed area accounts for most of the electricity consumption. • Urgent need for maintenance of distribution system. • Commercial losses constitute the major portion of distribution losses. • Unaccounted energy can be categorised in • defective meters • wrong meter reading • illegal hooking
• Illegal hooking is rampant in agricultural categories. • General mass of consumers expressed support and willingness to undertake social vigilance. • Politically powerful lobby of rich farmers opposed the project.
• Illegal connections out-numbered legal connections.
Reasons Identified by Prayas for high level of Electricity Theft • Backlog of Electricity Connections; giving a moral Justification. • Poor and Interrupted Power Supply; • Corruption; • High Entry Cost; Rs. 25000 for small farmers. • High Tariff; Rs. 200 per month, whereas use of kerosene is Rs. 20-25 per month.
Recommendations • Pure Technical approach is not sufficient to control Theft; • Release of Temporary connections; • Conversion of flat rate into meter;
• Region specific commercial policy.
Railway Turn Around
• Shift towards Market Orientation and Customer Focus. • Focus on Revenue Generation rather than cost control. • Leasing out of the catering and parcel service businesses.
• IR attracted private investments under the wagon investment schemes. • This freed up resources for utilisation in more remunerative activities. • Bringing down working expenses was achieved through measures such as the freeze on filling up vacancies and improving technical efficiency.
• Increased use of technology resulted in improving technical efficiency in services. • IR also focused on the sub-strategy capacity enhancement and ensured better capacity utilisation. Through enhanced axle-load and reduction in turnaround time of wagons by 14%, IR increased wagon capacity available per day by 36%. • The number of employees, which peaked at 1.652 million in 1991, was brought down progressively to 1.472 million by 2003, and to 1.412 million by 2006. •One of the elements of retrenchment is to trim excess staff. The approach that IR adopted was not to fill up vacancies created by retirement or other reasons.
Dedicated Freight Corridor • A dedicated freight corridor exclusively for running freight trains at a maximum permissible speed of 100 Kmph.
• DFC will not add to the capacity of the Indian Railways, but will improve transit.
• DFC will reduce transit time between Delhi and Mumbai from 60 hours to 36 hours.
• It
will also reduce the cost of operation. total length of the route for DFC is 2,700 km.
• The
• Currently the trains handling containers are single stack containers, but DFC will have double stack containers of 25 tonne axle load, which will increase the cargo handling capacity to 25 per cent.
• The length of a conventional goods train is 650 m and runs at 75 km per hour, whereas for DFC the length of the train will be 1.5 km and will run on the speed of 100 km per hour. • The Railways will spend Rs 2,000 crore on signalling, and will procure fixed signalling equipment. • Advanced Signaling System facilitating better and efficient operation of trains. • Transfer trains from the existing corridor to the DFC and vice versa through predetermined Junction arrangement, equipped with grade separators to facilitate smooth transfer of trains between the two networks.
Dedicated Freight Corridor The salient features of the project are:
· Primarily Double Line corridor (except where Single Line is justified on traffic considerations) running parallel to the existing corridors, so as to maximize the usage of available railway land; · The track sub structure like formation, bridges etc are to be fit for 32.5-ton axle load but the track super structure like track, sleepers, ballast etc are to be fit for 25-ton axle load. · The loop length on the proposed corridor to be 1500 meters long to facilitate running of long haul trains.
• Western Corridor will start from the Jawaharlal Nehru Port to Dadri connecting Baroda, Ahmedabad, Palanpur, Jaipur and Rewari to Tughlakabad and Dadri. • The western corridor comprising mainly of container traffic has envisaged about four logistic parks, one each near cities like Delhi, Jaipur, Ahemdabad and Boroda. • Eastern Corridor will start from Ludhiana to Sonnagar via Ambala, Saharanpur, Khurja and Allahabad. • Both the corridors would be joined by a link between Dadri and Khurja, the feeder routes of this corridor connecting ports of Gujarat.
Roads -Progress & Issues
Status of NHDP and other NHAI projects
(kms)
Total Completed Under Implementation To be awarded GQ 5846 3121 2725 NS-EW 7274 653 410 6211 Port Connectivity 356 69 229 58 Others 777 194 121 462 Total 14253 4037 3485 6731
Issues ? Road Networks have fallen way behind growth in traffic ? Budgets for expansion and maintenance are inadequate
Source - NHAI website
Need to move away from road construction to road service
Roads
Issues
? Focus on asset creation not management ? NHAI is managing through short term tolling/ maintenance contracts ? Long term contracts ? Future toll revenues can be securitised ? Maintenance responsibility with private sector
Indian Aviation
CURRENT SCENARIO
Number of Aircraft (Scheduled Operation)
Passengers – Domestic ( Millions) – International( Millions) Number of airports / airstrips – AAI – International Airports Number of Airlines 14
321
69 26 454 97 16
Airport Infrastructure Development Policy Framework ?? Airport development in India- traditionally in public sector. ?? AAI Act and Aircraft Rules amended ( 2004) to enable private participation. ?? Public Private Participation (PPP) Model now the cornerstone of airport development. ?? 100% FDI permitted in Greenfield Airports( Feb 2006)- Development of new airports permissible entirely in Private Sector as well.
Airport Development- Focus Areas ?? Existing airports ?? Capacity Constraints ?? AIRSIDE ?? TERMINALS
?? Spread of Growth at other airports
?? Development of Regional Airports
Initiatives On Airports ?? Metro airports ?? Delhi & mumbai, the two major international Airports restructured through jv route (2006) ?? Greenfield Airports ?? New greenfield airports under construction at hyderabad and bangalore. ?? Non Metro Airports ?? State owned aai taking up select 35 non-metro airports for modernisation. ?? CITY SIDE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-METRO AIRPORTS THROUGH PPP
Opportunities • Indian aviation growing at a spectacular pace. • Investment opportunities- US $ 110 billion by 2020 – New Aircraft US $ 80 billion – Airport Infrastructure US $ 30 billion • Other areas- Steady induction of new aircraft - Potential to become regional Maintenance Hub - Investment of US $ 100 million each already committed by Boeing and Airbus. Training - demand for trained manpower - New Flying Training Institute at Gondia
doc_152943888.ppt