Description
This is a presentation describes characteristics of american style of management, indian style of management and japanese style of management.
Management Styles
Click to edit Master subtitle style
2/7/13
What is Management Style?
Ø A management style is an overall method
of leadership used by a manager. ØManagers have to perform many roles in an organization and how they handle various situations will depend on their style of management. ØManagement style reflects the culture of the management.
2/7/13
American management style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
2/7/13
Management approach
Ø
American management is based on top down decision making. Decision making is mostly individual based, it flows from top to bottom which makes it a fast process. Company policies change after there is a change in leadership. Emphasis on knowledge management.
Ø
Ø Ø
2/7/13
Contd.
ØAmerican management advocates “short
term planning”.
ØOrganization structure is bureaucratic with
specific lines of individual responsibility and accountability.
ØAmerican companies hire people through
campus recruitment and experienced people from other companies which lead to 2/7/13 culture of frequent hopping.
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 - April 17, 1790)
ØHe was the father of American
management system. ØHe was a author, publisher, politician, scientist and diplomat. ØHe was the finance minister of USA.
2/7/13
Contd..
ØPeople are loyal towards profession not
towards the company.
ØPromotions based on performance. ØTraining and development are considered to
be a expense.
ØLeadership style is directive in nature. ØLeader is the decision maker. ØChain communication network.
2/7/13
Worker characteristics and attitudes
Characteristics Nationalism Education Social cooperation American Management Strong sense of nationalism Normal system through high school Competitive
2/7/13
Contd..
Willingness to work Engage in political together power plays to become stars Respect for Normal authority Attitude towards Little self discipline work
Management competitive focus and policies
Policy area Overall focus Operating strategy Quality control American Management Focus on the bottom line Optimize with a given set of constraints Inspect for the optimum level of defects
Contd. .
Vendor and customer No special relationship
Production
Large plant for production
Management accounting and control
Policy area
Overall reporting strategy American Management Used to inform management ,emphasis on financial measurement Top down roll down financial budgets to lower levels Short run production cost
Planning and control
Cost
The Impact of American Culture on Management Style
of social action
Ø Independent enterprise as the instrument
ØEmployee selection and reward based on
merit
Ø Decisions based on objective analysis
2/7/13
Contd
Ø Wide sharing in decision making Ø Competition producing efficiency Ø Never-ending search for improvement
2/7/13
Indian management style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
2/7/13
CONTENT
?Management style-an introduction ?Various management style ?Characteristics of Indian management style ?Evolution of Indian management ?Need of Indian style of management ?Conclusion
2/7/13
Various Indian Management Styles
?
Pioneering innovative management style -Offering new products -Acquisition of sophisticated plant & technology -A preference for high risk -High return investment -A strong concern for product quality -Accent on innovation and experimentation -Preference for hiring creative youngsters ? Conservative management style
2/7/13
CONTD…
?Professionalist management style
-Hiring technocrats -Formal training for junior managers -Recruitment is based purely on qualification and merit rather than contacts -Formal market research before product launching ?Intuitive management style
2/7/13
CONTD…
?Nurturant management style
-Concerned for customer satisfaction -Co-operative stance toward rival organization -Stress on familial relations with staff -Involvement of the management in the employees personal problem -Emphasis on welfare measures for staff -Emphasis on business integrity ?Detached management style
2/7/13
Contd…
?Control oriented management
-Emphasis on centralized decisionmaking -Setting up of special task forces for troubleshooting -Staff adhere strictly to only job description rather than freely respond to circumstances -Close supervision of staff -Emphasis on strict discipline ?Organic, informal management style
2/7/13
Contd…
?Commercialist style
-Emphasis on individual rather than collective or team accountability -Accent on caring for the enterprise’s own affairs rather than getting involved in community welfare -Management concern for itself rather than other stakeholders -Discouragement of executives from getting involved in community welfare activities ?Altruistic management style
2/7/13
Contd…
?Result oriented management style
-Offering of relatively low cost -Emphasis on performance based rather than seniority based promotions -Entry into familiar markets rather than looking for monopolistic markets -Rewarding of outstanding staff performance -Open and competitive filling of managerial vacancies ?Soft management style
2/7/13
Characteristics of Indian Management
?Familial Feeling ?Patronage ?Sense of security in the Staff ?Obedience to Authority ?Personality cult ?Personality based delegation
2/7/13
Contd…
?Gulf between personal policies and practices ?Restricted sharing of information ?Top management interference in finance ?Low priority for technology up gradation ?Ad hoc Marketing
2/7/13
2/7/13
Need of Indian style of Management
?A typical type of management can be
successful in a typical society ?Failure to develop an Indigenous style of management ?Need to understand Indian psychology ?Need to theoreotising the style by the successful Indian manager ?Lack in the patriotism at Macro level
2/7/13
CONCLUSION
?Mixed breed of Indians ?One had retain family values and emotional
touch ?Others are complacent and unashamed of being morally bankrupt ?Indians need an India centric management theory
2/7/13
Japanese style of management
Click to edit Master subtitle style
2/7/13
Outline
Ø Evolution of Japanese Management Ø Its Characteristics Ø Understanding
Ø The Company as the Family Ø Education, Business and Social Prestige Ø Participatory Management
Ø 5 s's of Japanese management Ø Toyota Production System (TPS) Ø The M's Ø The seven waste Ø Japanese vs Indian vs American style of
management
2/7/13
Evolution of Japanese Management
Ø Japan in Transition Ø Tradition vs. modernity Ø Zaibatsu Ø Japanese Management Ø Convergence with Western practices or cultural adaptation
2/7/13
Characteristics
Ø Company-wide union or house union Ø General preference for inexperienced fresh graduates
from schools or colleges Ø Preference for promotions from within Ø Life-time employment
Ø TQM
“ A management approach, centered on quality, based on the participation of all org. members and aiming at long-term success through customer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society."
2/7/13
TQM comprises four process steps
ØKaizen
Improvement
-
Continuous Process
ØAtarimae Hinshitsu supposed to
Things will work as they are
ØKansei
applies the in the
Examining the way the user product leads to improvement product itself. Things should have an aesthetic
-
ØMiryokuteki Hinshitsu 2/7/13
quality
Characteristics
Ø Training practices
Ø On-the-job training Ø In-house and outside training Ø Job rotation
Ø Decision making and consultation practices
Ø Bottom-up communication Ø Regular management-labour consultation
Ø Settlement of conflict trough negotiations
2/7/13
Japanese Management – The Company as the Family Ø Social belonging
Ø Life-time employment and loyalty Ø Social status of employees linked to success of
company Ø Social role of employment
Ø company song
Ø Emphasis on harmony (suppression of conflict) Ø Paternalism Ø Seniority system
2/7/13
Ø Fresh graduates are recruited each spring through
Japanese Management – Recruitment and Training
company's entrance examinations and interviews Ø Well known corporations usually focus on a few high ranking schools and universities
Ø Costs and benefits of training internalised within one
firm (paternalism / loyalty) Ø Continuous training
Ø Seniority system facilitates on-the-job training
Ø Senior workers train junior workers without fear of
2/7/13
jeopardizing their own position
Ø Process of decision making not centralized at
Japanese Management – Participatory Management
the top
Ø Process of broad consultation and consensus
Ø System cannot move capable individuals
upwards
Ø Moves authority downward through personal
contacts and relationships junior)
(of CEO and
2/7/13
Japanese Management – Participatory Management
Ø Anyone with a stake in the decision will be consulted
(hierarchical relationship blurred). Ø Explains why talented, able and young employees can be satisfied under the seniority-based system
Ø The Father-leader
Ø Authoritarian Ø Able to advance corporate goals through unobtrusive
2/7/13
persuasion and conciliation Ø Synthesizes group with warmth, sincerity and humaneness
The 5 s's of japanese management
Ø Phase 1 - Seiri ( ?? ) Ø Phase 2 - Seiton ( ?? )
Sorting Straighten or Set
in Order
Ø Phase 3 - Seis? ( ?? )
Sweeping or
Shining
Ø Phase 4 - Seiketsu ( ?? )
2/7/13
Standardizing
Ø Combines management philosophy and practices to form
Toyota Production System (TPS)
an integrated socio-technical system . Ø Segio Singo and Fiji Toyoda developed the system between 1948-75 . Ø Commonly used terminology in TPS Ø The k’s Ø Kaizen (continuous improvement ) Ø Kanban (Index card, sign) Ø Keisetsu(system or series) – vertical, horizontal Ø Karoshi
2/7/13
The M's
ØPrefix mu-, which is known, as product improvement program or campaign ØMuda ( ?? ) -:None ,Trivia or un-useful . ØMura ( ? or ?? ) -: Unevenness,
inconsistency .
ØMuri ( ?? ?? ) -: overburden,
2/7/13 unreasonableness
The seven waste
ØDefects ØOverproduction ØConveyance ØWaiting ØInventory ØMotion ØOver processing
2/7/13
Management practice
Employee Requirements
American style of Indian style of management management
Task requirements and abilities Family relation and caste memberships of employees have to be considered Organizational leaders display a high level of personal involvement with their subordinates. Leaders provide nurturance contingent upon the subordinate's task accomplishment
Japanese style of management
Leadership Style
Participative management style where input is solicited / Relationships remain impersonal
Each spring recruitment procedure for fresh graduates as generalist
Participative management style And emphasis on high level involvement with greater responsibility and accountability
2/7/13
Cont.
Motivational Work an end Work is viewed as a Aspects itself / means to an and Rewards Intrinsic end i.e. for the sake rewards of satisfying family needs. Little demand for changing work tasks, only the compensation is relevant Human Objective resource selection Nepotism and caste management criteria considerations practices Downsizing, affect selection and performance compensation. pay Training less emphasized 2/7/13
Work determine a person’s esteem in the society And there is a fair evaluation of performance Promotion is based on seniority
Ability selection
References
Ø Bhappu, A.D. (2000): The Japanese Family: An
institutional logic for Japanese corporate networks and Japanese management. Academy ofManagement, Vol. 25, pp. 409-415 Ø Steffensen, S.K. (1998): Informational network industrialization and Japanese business Ø management. Journal of Organizational Change,Vol. 11, pp. 515-529 Ø Japanese management culture. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2008, from the Wiki:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Japanese management culture
2/7/13
References
?2006,November 16th, Datta,Kanika, Is there
an ‘Indian style of management, retrieved on
http://www.rediff.com/money ?2007,January 31st, YES Indian style of management, retrieved onhttp://greathumancapital.wordpress.com
2/7/13
Thank You
2/7/13
doc_886870453.pptx
This is a presentation describes characteristics of american style of management, indian style of management and japanese style of management.
Management Styles
Click to edit Master subtitle style
2/7/13
What is Management Style?
Ø A management style is an overall method
of leadership used by a manager. ØManagers have to perform many roles in an organization and how they handle various situations will depend on their style of management. ØManagement style reflects the culture of the management.
2/7/13
American management style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
2/7/13
Management approach
Ø
American management is based on top down decision making. Decision making is mostly individual based, it flows from top to bottom which makes it a fast process. Company policies change after there is a change in leadership. Emphasis on knowledge management.
Ø
Ø Ø
2/7/13
Contd.
ØAmerican management advocates “short
term planning”.
ØOrganization structure is bureaucratic with
specific lines of individual responsibility and accountability.
ØAmerican companies hire people through
campus recruitment and experienced people from other companies which lead to 2/7/13 culture of frequent hopping.
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 - April 17, 1790)
ØHe was the father of American
management system. ØHe was a author, publisher, politician, scientist and diplomat. ØHe was the finance minister of USA.
2/7/13
Contd..
ØPeople are loyal towards profession not
towards the company.
ØPromotions based on performance. ØTraining and development are considered to
be a expense.
ØLeadership style is directive in nature. ØLeader is the decision maker. ØChain communication network.
2/7/13
Worker characteristics and attitudes
Characteristics Nationalism Education Social cooperation American Management Strong sense of nationalism Normal system through high school Competitive
2/7/13
Contd..
Willingness to work Engage in political together power plays to become stars Respect for Normal authority Attitude towards Little self discipline work
Management competitive focus and policies
Policy area Overall focus Operating strategy Quality control American Management Focus on the bottom line Optimize with a given set of constraints Inspect for the optimum level of defects
Contd. .
Vendor and customer No special relationship
Production
Large plant for production
Management accounting and control
Policy area
Overall reporting strategy American Management Used to inform management ,emphasis on financial measurement Top down roll down financial budgets to lower levels Short run production cost
Planning and control
Cost
The Impact of American Culture on Management Style
of social action
Ø Independent enterprise as the instrument
ØEmployee selection and reward based on
merit
Ø Decisions based on objective analysis
2/7/13
Contd
Ø Wide sharing in decision making Ø Competition producing efficiency Ø Never-ending search for improvement
2/7/13
Indian management style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
2/7/13
CONTENT
?Management style-an introduction ?Various management style ?Characteristics of Indian management style ?Evolution of Indian management ?Need of Indian style of management ?Conclusion
2/7/13
Various Indian Management Styles
?
Pioneering innovative management style -Offering new products -Acquisition of sophisticated plant & technology -A preference for high risk -High return investment -A strong concern for product quality -Accent on innovation and experimentation -Preference for hiring creative youngsters ? Conservative management style
2/7/13
CONTD…
?Professionalist management style
-Hiring technocrats -Formal training for junior managers -Recruitment is based purely on qualification and merit rather than contacts -Formal market research before product launching ?Intuitive management style
2/7/13
CONTD…
?Nurturant management style
-Concerned for customer satisfaction -Co-operative stance toward rival organization -Stress on familial relations with staff -Involvement of the management in the employees personal problem -Emphasis on welfare measures for staff -Emphasis on business integrity ?Detached management style
2/7/13
Contd…
?Control oriented management
-Emphasis on centralized decisionmaking -Setting up of special task forces for troubleshooting -Staff adhere strictly to only job description rather than freely respond to circumstances -Close supervision of staff -Emphasis on strict discipline ?Organic, informal management style
2/7/13
Contd…
?Commercialist style
-Emphasis on individual rather than collective or team accountability -Accent on caring for the enterprise’s own affairs rather than getting involved in community welfare -Management concern for itself rather than other stakeholders -Discouragement of executives from getting involved in community welfare activities ?Altruistic management style
2/7/13
Contd…
?Result oriented management style
-Offering of relatively low cost -Emphasis on performance based rather than seniority based promotions -Entry into familiar markets rather than looking for monopolistic markets -Rewarding of outstanding staff performance -Open and competitive filling of managerial vacancies ?Soft management style
2/7/13
Characteristics of Indian Management
?Familial Feeling ?Patronage ?Sense of security in the Staff ?Obedience to Authority ?Personality cult ?Personality based delegation
2/7/13
Contd…
?Gulf between personal policies and practices ?Restricted sharing of information ?Top management interference in finance ?Low priority for technology up gradation ?Ad hoc Marketing
2/7/13
2/7/13
Need of Indian style of Management
?A typical type of management can be
successful in a typical society ?Failure to develop an Indigenous style of management ?Need to understand Indian psychology ?Need to theoreotising the style by the successful Indian manager ?Lack in the patriotism at Macro level
2/7/13
CONCLUSION
?Mixed breed of Indians ?One had retain family values and emotional
touch ?Others are complacent and unashamed of being morally bankrupt ?Indians need an India centric management theory
2/7/13
Japanese style of management
Click to edit Master subtitle style
2/7/13
Outline
Ø Evolution of Japanese Management Ø Its Characteristics Ø Understanding
Ø The Company as the Family Ø Education, Business and Social Prestige Ø Participatory Management
Ø 5 s's of Japanese management Ø Toyota Production System (TPS) Ø The M's Ø The seven waste Ø Japanese vs Indian vs American style of
management
2/7/13
Evolution of Japanese Management
Ø Japan in Transition Ø Tradition vs. modernity Ø Zaibatsu Ø Japanese Management Ø Convergence with Western practices or cultural adaptation
2/7/13
Characteristics
Ø Company-wide union or house union Ø General preference for inexperienced fresh graduates
from schools or colleges Ø Preference for promotions from within Ø Life-time employment
Ø TQM
“ A management approach, centered on quality, based on the participation of all org. members and aiming at long-term success through customer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society."
2/7/13
TQM comprises four process steps
ØKaizen
Improvement
-
Continuous Process
ØAtarimae Hinshitsu supposed to
Things will work as they are
ØKansei
applies the in the
Examining the way the user product leads to improvement product itself. Things should have an aesthetic
-
ØMiryokuteki Hinshitsu 2/7/13
quality
Characteristics
Ø Training practices
Ø On-the-job training Ø In-house and outside training Ø Job rotation
Ø Decision making and consultation practices
Ø Bottom-up communication Ø Regular management-labour consultation
Ø Settlement of conflict trough negotiations
2/7/13
Japanese Management – The Company as the Family Ø Social belonging
Ø Life-time employment and loyalty Ø Social status of employees linked to success of
company Ø Social role of employment
Ø company song
Ø Emphasis on harmony (suppression of conflict) Ø Paternalism Ø Seniority system
2/7/13
Ø Fresh graduates are recruited each spring through
Japanese Management – Recruitment and Training
company's entrance examinations and interviews Ø Well known corporations usually focus on a few high ranking schools and universities
Ø Costs and benefits of training internalised within one
firm (paternalism / loyalty) Ø Continuous training
Ø Seniority system facilitates on-the-job training
Ø Senior workers train junior workers without fear of
2/7/13
jeopardizing their own position
Ø Process of decision making not centralized at
Japanese Management – Participatory Management
the top
Ø Process of broad consultation and consensus
Ø System cannot move capable individuals
upwards
Ø Moves authority downward through personal
contacts and relationships junior)
(of CEO and
2/7/13
Japanese Management – Participatory Management
Ø Anyone with a stake in the decision will be consulted
(hierarchical relationship blurred). Ø Explains why talented, able and young employees can be satisfied under the seniority-based system
Ø The Father-leader
Ø Authoritarian Ø Able to advance corporate goals through unobtrusive
2/7/13
persuasion and conciliation Ø Synthesizes group with warmth, sincerity and humaneness
The 5 s's of japanese management
Ø Phase 1 - Seiri ( ?? ) Ø Phase 2 - Seiton ( ?? )
Sorting Straighten or Set
in Order
Ø Phase 3 - Seis? ( ?? )
Sweeping or
Shining
Ø Phase 4 - Seiketsu ( ?? )
2/7/13
Standardizing
Ø Combines management philosophy and practices to form
Toyota Production System (TPS)
an integrated socio-technical system . Ø Segio Singo and Fiji Toyoda developed the system between 1948-75 . Ø Commonly used terminology in TPS Ø The k’s Ø Kaizen (continuous improvement ) Ø Kanban (Index card, sign) Ø Keisetsu(system or series) – vertical, horizontal Ø Karoshi
2/7/13
The M's
ØPrefix mu-, which is known, as product improvement program or campaign ØMuda ( ?? ) -:None ,Trivia or un-useful . ØMura ( ? or ?? ) -: Unevenness,
inconsistency .
ØMuri ( ?? ?? ) -: overburden,
2/7/13 unreasonableness
The seven waste
ØDefects ØOverproduction ØConveyance ØWaiting ØInventory ØMotion ØOver processing
2/7/13
Management practice
Employee Requirements
American style of Indian style of management management
Task requirements and abilities Family relation and caste memberships of employees have to be considered Organizational leaders display a high level of personal involvement with their subordinates. Leaders provide nurturance contingent upon the subordinate's task accomplishment
Japanese style of management
Leadership Style
Participative management style where input is solicited / Relationships remain impersonal
Each spring recruitment procedure for fresh graduates as generalist
Participative management style And emphasis on high level involvement with greater responsibility and accountability
2/7/13
Cont.
Motivational Work an end Work is viewed as a Aspects itself / means to an and Rewards Intrinsic end i.e. for the sake rewards of satisfying family needs. Little demand for changing work tasks, only the compensation is relevant Human Objective resource selection Nepotism and caste management criteria considerations practices Downsizing, affect selection and performance compensation. pay Training less emphasized 2/7/13
Work determine a person’s esteem in the society And there is a fair evaluation of performance Promotion is based on seniority
Ability selection
References
Ø Bhappu, A.D. (2000): The Japanese Family: An
institutional logic for Japanese corporate networks and Japanese management. Academy ofManagement, Vol. 25, pp. 409-415 Ø Steffensen, S.K. (1998): Informational network industrialization and Japanese business Ø management. Journal of Organizational Change,Vol. 11, pp. 515-529 Ø Japanese management culture. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2008, from the Wiki:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Japanese management culture
2/7/13
References
?2006,November 16th, Datta,Kanika, Is there
an ‘Indian style of management, retrieved on
http://www.rediff.com/money ?2007,January 31st, YES Indian style of management, retrieved onhttp://greathumancapital.wordpress.com
2/7/13
Thank You
2/7/13
doc_886870453.pptx