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COMPARISON BETWEEN
CHINA MOBILE & VODAFONE
COMPANIES ON THE BASIS OF
SWOT ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION OF VODAFONE COMPANY:
• It is a British multinational mobil n t!or" o# rator h a$%uart r $ in N !bur&' B r"shir ' (nit $ )in*$om+ Vo$a,on is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil t l .ommuni.ation n t!or" .om#an&' bas $ on r / nu ' an$ has a mar" t /alu o, about 012+3 billion 4No/ mb r 35567+ Th nam Vo$a,on .om s ,rom /oi. $ata ,on ' .hos n b& th .om#an& to 8r ,l .t th #ro/ision o, /oi. an$ $ata s r/i. s o/ r mobil #hon s8+ It !as ,oun$ $ in 269: as ;a.al T l .om' an$ b .am in$ # n$ nt 2662+ ) & # o#l < Sir =ohn Bon$ 4Chairman7 Vittorio Colao 4CEO7 =ohn Bu.hanan 4D #ut& Chairman7 An$& Hal,or$ 4CFO7 It .urr ntl& has o# rations in :2 .ountri s an$ #artn r n t!or"s in a ,urth r >5 .ountri s+ As o, Mar.h :2' 3556' th .om#an& m#lo&s mor than 16'555 # o#l !orl$!i$ + ?ro$u.ts #romot $ b& th @rou# in.lu$ Vo$a,on li/ A' Vo$a,on Mobil Conn .t (SB Mo$ m' Vo$a,on Conn .t to Fri n$s' Vo$a,on ?ass#ort' Vo$a,on Fr $om ?a."s' Vo$a,on at Hom ' Vo$a,on 125 an$ Amob M $ia S&st ms+
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•
Vo$a,on o!ns >BC o, V riDon Wir l ss' th lar* st !ir l ss t l .ommuni.ations n t!or" in th (nit $ Stat s' bas $ on numb r o, subs.rib rs+
•
It is list $ on th Lon$on Sto." EE.han* ' !h r it is a .onstitu nt o, th FTSE 255 in$ E+
INDRODUCTION OF CHINA MOBILE COMPANY:
• China Mobil Limit $ !as start $ in 2661+ Ori*inall& it !as .all $ China T l .om 4Hon* )on*7 an$ th n China Mobil 4Hon* )on*7 an$ ,inall& China Mobile Limited as ! "no! it to$a&+ Its #ubli. o,, rin* in 2661 * n rat $ .a#ital o, (SD F3+B million+ H a$%uart rs < Gu n-s ;oa$' Hon* )on* ) & # o#l < Wan* =ianDhou 4Chairman & CEO7
• • • •
It is th !orl$Hs lar* st mobil n t!or"+ China Mobil has also th *r at st numb r o, mobil subs.rib rs+ As o, 3556' it is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil #hon o# rator' !ith o/ r B59 million .ustom rs'th lar* st Chin s .om#an& list $ o/ rs as an$ th lar* st t l .om in Asia+ A stat Io!n $ nt r#ris $ir .tl& .ontroll $ b& th *o/ rnm nt o, th ? o#l -s ; #ubli. o, China but also a #ubli. .om#an& that is list $ on th NYSE an$ th Hon* )on* sto." E.han* ' China Mobil has $ominat $ Chin s mobil s r/i. s sin. its in. #tion+ S r/i. s < Mobil s r/i. s Valu Ia$$ $ mobil s r/i. s I? t l #hon&
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STRENGHTS: 4VODA?HONE COM?ANY7
• Vo$a,on is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil t l .ommuni.ation n t!or" .om#an&' bas $ on r / nu + ; / nu O# ratin* in.om ?ro,it Total ass ts Total %uit& • • 0>2+53 billion 43559J567 0B+9B1 billion 43559J567 0:+519 billion 43559J567 02B3+1 billion 43559J567 09>+19 billion 43559J567
It .urr ntl& has o# rations in :2 .ountri s an$ #artn r n t!or"s in a ,urth r >5 .ountri s+ Bas $ on subs.rib rs' it is th !orl$-s s .on$ lar* st mobil #hon o# rator b hin$ China Mobil ' !ith o/ r >31 million subs.rib rs in :2 mar" ts a.ross B .ontin nts as o, 3556+ As o, Mar.h :2' 3556' th .om#an& m#lo&s mor than 16'555 # o#l !orl$!i$ + Vo$a,on o!ns >BC o, V riDon Wir l ss' th lar* st !ir l ss t l .ommuni.ations n t!or" in th (nit $ Stat s' bas $ on numb r o, subs.rib rs+
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In Mar.h 3551' Sa,ari.om' !hi.h is #art o!n $ b& Vo$a,on an$ th l a$in* mobil .ommuni.ation #ro/i$ r in ) n&a' laun.h $ a mobil #a&m nt solution $ / lo# $ b& Vo$a,on +MI?ESA is aim $ at mobil .ustom rs !ho $o not ha/ a ban" a..ount' t&#i.all& b .aus th & $o not ha/ a.. ss to a ban" or th ir in.om is insu,,i.i nt to Kusti,& a ban" a..ount+ Th MI?ESA s&st m allo!s .ustom rs to $ #osit an$ !ith$ra! .ash /ia lo.al a* nts' an$ trans, r mon & to oth r mobil #hon us rs /ia SMS+
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•
B& F bruar& 3559' th MI?ESA mon & trans, r s&st m in ) n&a ha$ *ain $ 2+L million .ustom rs an$ Vo$a,on announ. $ that it !as to Et n$ th s r/i. to A,*hanistan+ Th s r/i. h r !as laun.h $ on th ;oshan n t!or" un$ r th bran$ MI?aisa !ith a $i,, r nt ,o.us to th ) n&an s r/i. + MI?aisa !as tar* t $ as a / hi.l ,or mi.ro,inan. institutions4MFI7 loan $isburs m nts an$ r #a&m nts' alon*si$ busin ss to busin ss a##li.ations su.h as salar& +
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?ro$u.ts #romot $ b& th @rou# in.lu$ Vo$a,on li/ A' Vo$a,on Mobil Conn .t (SB Mo$ m' Vo$a,on Conn .t to Fri n$s' Vo$a,on ?ass#ort' Vo$a,on Fr $om ?a."s' Vo$a,on at Hom ' Vo$a,on 125 an$ Amob M $ia S&st ms+ B t! n =un an$ Au*ust 3556' Vo$a,on sus# n$ $ roamin* .har* s !ithin :B $i,, r nt .ountri s' allo!in* th ir .ustom rs to ta" th ir stan$ar$ () #ri. #lan abroa$+
• • • • • • • • • • • •
Vo$a,on s#onsors th ,ollo!in* t ams an$ / nts to a$/ rtis th ir .om#an& !orl$!i$ +< )shitiK' Annual T .hnoImana* m nt , sti/al o, IIT )hara*#ur' Strat *i. ?artn r 3559 Albania national ,ootball t am' 3559 s#onsor Brisban Lions Football Club' Australian rul s ,ootball t am' maKor s#onsor ,rom 3551' this s#onsorshi# n$ $ on O.tob r :2' 3556 In$ian ?r mi r L a*u 4Cri." t7' Asso.iat s#onsor Bu.har st ;in* M Vo$a,on Bu.har st Chall n* 51' #rimar& s#onsor Clar @a li. Athl ti. Asso.iation D uts.h Tour n!a* n Mast rs 4DTM I @ rman Tourin* Car Mast rs7 s ri s 43553M35517 4,orm rl& D37+ Vo$a,on Oa"s an$ Vo$a,on D rb& hors ra. s @a li. Athl ti. Asso.iation I Vo$a,on is on o, th main s#onsors o, Ir lan$-s @AA AllIIr lan$ S nior Football Cham#ionshi# ,or th 3556 Summ r+ Dublin @AA I @a li. Football t am' b *innin* in 3525 until 352L t.+
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STRENGTHS: 4CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY7
• China Mobil !as list $ ,i,th in Mill!ar$ Bro!n-s Bran$D To# 255 Bran$s in 3551+ This !oul$ ha/ b unh ar$ o, 25 & ars a*o 4or / n l ss7+ Th n !s m ans that th .om#an& is b .omin* mor than a busin ss sin. it is no! also a bran$ i+ + #oss ssin* bran$ %uit& an$ bran$ /alu + Oth r Chin s bran$s to br a" th to# 255 ! r th Ban" o, China' th Chin s Constru.tion Ban" an$ IBBC+ It is ar*u $ b& man& that Chin s .om#ani s ar not stron* in r lation to mar" tin* but # rha#s thin*s ar .han*in*+ China Mobil -s has th !orl$-s lar* st @SM n t!or"' !hi.h n.om#ass s all :2 #ro/in. s' autonomous r *ions an$ $ir .tl&Ia$minist r $ muni.i#aliti s in Mainlan$ China an$ in.lu$ s Hon* )on*' too+ Th .om#an& has ma$ *oo$ #ro,its o/ r r . nt & ars+ China Mobil has *on $o!n th a.%uisition trail on a numb r o, o..asions+ In its arl& $a&s it too" o/ r =ian*su Mobil 426617+ Oth r im#ortant a.%uisitions in.lu$ FuKian Mobil ' H nan Mobil ' an$ Hainan Mobil 426667N I an$ B iKin* Mobil ' Shan*hai Mobil ' TianKin Mobil an$ H b i Mobil 435557+ Th s $ / lo#m nts ha/ $ li/ r $ stron* *ro!th+ China Mobil is numb r on in th Chin s mar" t+ It r .or$ $ a L1+BC mar" t shar in 355L+ It is th !orl$-s lar* st $i*ital mobil .om#an&' an$ s r/ s mor .ustom As o, 3556' it is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil #hon o# rator' !ith o/ r B59 million .ustom rs' th lar* st Chin s .om#an& list $ o/ rs as an$ th lar* st t l .om in Asia rs than an& oth r mobil su##li r+ Whil a stat Io!n $ nt r#ris ' it is list $ on both th NYSE an$ th Hon* )on* sto." E.han* + China Mobil E#an$ $ o/ rs as in 3551' !ith th #ur.has o, ?a"t l in ?a"istan' an$ laun.h $ th OON@ bran$ th r a & ar lat r+ In Ma& 3559 th .om#an& too" o/ r China Ti ton*' a ,iE $Ilin t l .om an$ th thir$ lar* st broa$ban$ IS? in China' thus a$$in* int rn t s r/i. s to its .or busin ss o, mobil s r/i. s+
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WEAKNESSES : 4 VODAFONE COM?ANY7
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In th ()' its hom *roun$' Vo$a,on has ba$l& un$ r# r,orm $ in th last , ! & ars $u to bris" .han* in a$ministration+ It has sli## $ ,rom ,irst to thir$ lar* st t l .om o# rator+
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(S busin ss not n arl& as stron* as Euro# anJr st o, th !orl$ o# rations 95C o, its busin ss is * n rat $ in Euro#
•
(ntil r . ntl& Vo$a,on 4s# .aill& Airt l in In$ia7 $i$ not o!n its o!n to! rs' !hi.h !as a #arti.ular str n*th o, som o, its .om# titors su.h as Hut.hison Essar+ To! rs ar im#ortant i, &our .om#an& !ish s to #ro/i$ !i$ .o/ ra* nationall&+
•
Th ,a.t that th has not #ull $ o,, a $ al !ith South A,ri.a-s MTN .oul$ si*nal th la." o, an& r al m r*in* mar" t in/ stm nt o##ortunit& ,or th busin ss on. th In$ian mar" t has b .om matur +
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It $o s not ha/ that mu.h .ustom rs as that o, China Mobil althou*h it has *ot its n t!or" in :2 .ountri s a.ross th *lob+
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WEAKNESSES : 4CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY7
•
A..or$in* to th h a$ o, China Mobil ' China-s hom I*ro!n mobil t .hnolo*& is a , ! & ars b hin$ that o, its int rnational .om# titors sin. it !as ha/in* #robl ms !ith han$s ts+ Ess ntiall&
t .hnolo*& !as la**in* b hin$+ ?art o, th #robl m !as th .hoi. to s!a# to TDISCDMA-s n t!or" !hi.h man& !oul$ .onsi$ r in, rior to th t .hnolo*& o,, r $ b& Euro# an an$ Am ri.an alt rnati/ s 4!hi.h th ir .om# titors ha/ $ .i$ $ to a$o#t7+
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Th .om#an& is not *loball& $i/ rsi,i $+ T l .oms .om#ani s t n$ to tra$ in mor than on .ountr&' usuall& throu*h a.%uisition' KointI/ ntur s or strat *i. allian. s 4,or Eam#l th Vo$a,on .om#an& has tra$ in man& .ountri s+7+ This ma& l a/ th .om#an& E#os $ i, th Chin s mar" t ! r to *o into a $ # or sustain $ $ .lin +
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Althou*h it is th lar* st @SM .om#an& in th !hol !orl$ r *ar$in* th numb r o, .ostum rs but still its r / nu is #r t& mu.h l ss than th /o$a,on .om#an&+
•
@?;S is not & t ,ull& ,un.tionl $ in all o, its .o/ r $ r *ions as it is ,ull& ,un.tionl $ in Vo$a,on +
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OPPORTUNITIES: 4VODAFONE COM?ANY7
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Vo$a,on has *r at o##ortunit& to in.r as its .ustom rs b& r $u.in* its .ost' b .aus its .ost is #r tt& mu.h hi*h as .om#ar to China Mobil Com#an& !hi.h ha/ / r& l ast .osts+
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It has *ot an o##ortunit& to b .om th lar* st Sta" hol$ rs in man& oth r .ountri s li" @ rman&' N th rlan$ ' Nor!a& t. Kust li" In$ia' !h r it has *ot th lar* st Sta" in th T l .ommuni.ation Mar" t+
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It .an also im#ro/ its r s ar.h an$ $ / lo#m nt o, n ! mobil t .hnolo*i s +
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It has *ot a *oo$ o##ortunit& to b .om th lar* st mobil .om#an& r *ar$in* th numb r o, .ustom rs b& ,o.usin* on $ / lo#in* mar" ts ' ,or Eam#l A,ri.a' Latin Am ri.a' ;ussia t.+
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It .an o/ rta" China Mobil r *ar$in* th numb r o, .ustom rs b& im#ro/in* th r a$ministration' b& #ro/i$in* mor ,a.iliti s in (rban ar as an$ Et n$in* its .o/ ra* ar a to ;ural ar as+
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It .an Et n$ it Mobil Mon & Tras, r S r/i. to oth r .ontri s o, th *lob ,or Eam#l in In$ia' Albania' A,ri.an .ountri s t.' as ! ll !hi.h !ill im#ro/ th r / nu +
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It .an in.r as its .ustom rs b& s#ons rin* mor an$ mor int rnational / nts +*+ in s#orts ' it .an s#ons r Foot ball Wor$ .u#' Cri." t !or$ .u#' Ba$m ntan Wor$ .u# t.+
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OPPORTUNITIES: 4CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY7
• Th Chin s .onom& has un$ r*on normous *ro!th' !hi.h has l a$ to th hu* $ man$ ,or mobil t l #hon s' $ /i. s an$ t .hnolo*i s+ A..or$in* to th Chin s @o/ rnm nt' China is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil mar" t !ith B35 million mobil #hon us rs+ This numb r .oul$ r a.h L55 million b& 3525+ Bu$* t us rs in China ar $ri/in* *ro!th in th mobil t l .oms s .tor+ China Mobil r #ort $ a n t #ro,it b t! n =anuar& an$ Mar.h 3559 o, aroun$ 3>+2bn &uan 40:+>bnN 03+3bn7 !hi.h is a ris o, :1C on 3551 a..or$in* to BBC N !s+ Sin. th .iti s ha/ b .om saturat $' mu.h o, th n ! *ro!th is #r $i.t $ ,or rural China an$ it is this s *m nt that is most li" l& to b tar* t $ b& th lar* o# rators+ t .hnolo*i s #ro/i$ th lar* st o##ortunit& ,or China T l .om+ As it is th lar* st @SM .om#an& basis on th numb r o, .ustom rs 4 !hi.h is B59 million b& 35567 ' it .an b .om th !orl$ lar* t @SM #ro/i$in* .om#an& on r / nu basis as ! ll' b& Et n$in* its n t!or$ a.ross th *lob as that o, th Vo$a,on !hi.h Et n$ $ its n t!or" to :2 .ountri s a.ross th *lob + China Mobil Com#an& 4 i+ + OON@ mobil .om#an&7 .an b at all th oth r .om#ani s in ?a"istan +*+ Mobilin"' u,on ' !ari$ ' t l nor' b& r $u.in* th r .ost' intro$u.in* n ! s r/i. s ,or Eam#l Mobil Mon & Trans, r S r/i. as Vo$a,on $i$ start it in man& .ountri s a.ross th *lob an$ oth r s r/i. s as ! ll b .aus it is lar* st .om#an& in th !orl$ so it !ill not a,,a.t its r / nu that mu.h i, th & r $u. s th r .ost .om#arin* to oth r .om#ani s in ?a"istan+ It .an Et n$ its n t!or$ to Euro# 4 !h r it shoul$ .om# t !ith Vo$a,on 7 ' to (SA' to Latin Am ri.a ' to A,ri.a' to Mi$$l East ' to ;ussia' to Mon*olia ' to Australlia an$ man& oth r r *ions an$ .ountri s+ Than this .om#an& !ill b .om unb atibl +
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It .an in.r as its .ustom rs b& s#ons rin* mor an$ mor int rnational / nts +*+ in s#orts ' it .an s#ons r Foot ball Wor$ .u#' Cri." t !or$ .u#'
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Ba$m ntan Wor$ .u# t. as $i$ b& Vo$a,on in man& .ountri s a.ross th *lob +
THREATS: 4VODAFONE COM?ANY7
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It has *ot hi*hl& .om# titi/ mar" t mar" t a.ross th *lob +*+ China Mobil Com#an& m r* $ as lar* st @SM #ro/i$in* .om#an& in th !hol !orl$+
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I, China Mobil .om#an& intro$u. $ its s r/i. s in Euro# an$ In$ia 4 th lar* st mar" ts o, Vo$a,on 7 than th r !oul$ b a *r at $ .r as in th r / nu o, th .om#an&+
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It still la*s b hin$ maKor .om# titors in th (SA+
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Th r ar Etr m l& hi*h # n tration rat s o, n ! .om#ani s in " & Euro# an mar" ts+
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Euro# an (nion r *ulation on .rossIbor$ r . ll #hon usa* b& .ustom rs+
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D / lo#m nt o, VoI? .ommuni.ation ma& also r $u. th us o, @SM a.ross th *lob ' s# .iall& in Euro# an$ Am ri.a+
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THREATS: 4CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY7
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It has *ot hi*hl& .om# titi/ mar" t mar" t a.ross th *lob +*+ Vo$a,on Mobil Com#an& m r* $ as lar* st @SM #ro/i$in* .om#an& in th !hol !orl$ on th basis o, r / nu ' an$ its numb r o, .ustom rs in.r as $a& b& $a& b .aus it has intro$u. $ its n t!or" in :2 .ountri s a.ross th *lob + N ! subs.rib rs ar mainl& lo!Ius ' lo!I/alu + So a/ ra* r / nu is ,allin* as th mobil #hon mar" t matur s an$ th mar" t b .om s mor #ri. .om# titi/ + So mobil #hon su##li rs ar a!aitin* th intro$u.tion o, mobil t .hnolo*i s to r Ku/ nat th mar" t an$ stimulat $ man$ as Chin s .ustom rs .onsum th n ! a$$ $ /alu s r/i. s+ China Mobil .oul$ ,a. mor .om# tition in th ,utur as th Chin s @o/ rnm nt #lans to allo! mor o# rators into th mar" t+ China Mobil has 15C o, th 3@ mar" t in China+ China (ni.om !ants to b .om th bi** st o# rator' an$ China T l .om aims to !in 2BC o, th mar" t b& 3525+
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China Mobil has a numb r o, s r/i. obli*ations un$ r a*r m nts !ith th Chin s 4?;C7 @o/ rnm nt+ So th busin ss ma& b obli* $ to #ro/i$ un#ro,itabl s r/i. s that #a& a so.ial $i/i$ n$+ A$$ $ to this th Ministr& o, In,ormation an$ In$ustr& has allo.at $ a limit $ ,r %u n.& 4>>MHD7 to th .om#an& !hi.h !ill not su##ort lar* numb rs o, subs.rib rs in th ,utur + As Vo$a,on is th m r*in* @SM #ro/i$ r .om#an& on th basis o, numb r o, .ustom r s so China Mobil ma& los th r .ustom rs i, Vo$a,on intro$u. $ its n t!or" in ?a"istan ' China an$ Hon* )on*+ An$ that !oul$ r $u. th ir r / nu to a *r at Et nt+
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CONCLUSION & SUGESTIONS
FO; CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY<
• As th .om#an& is not *loball& $i/ rsi,i $+ T l .oms .om#ani s t n$ to tra$ in mor than on .ountr&' usuall& throu*h a.%uisition' KointI/ ntur s or strat *i. allian. s 4,or Eam#l th Vo$a,on .om#an& has tra$ in man& .ountri s+7+ This ma& l a/ th .om#an& E#os $ i, th Chin s mar" t ! r to *o into a $ # or sustain $ $ .lin +
So China Mobil shoul$ intro$u. $ th ir n t!or" s r/i. s in oth r .ountri s a.ross th *lob Kust li" Vo$a,on !ho ha/ intro$u. $ th r s r/i. s in :2 .ountri s in th !orl$ !hil China Mobil has th ir s r/i. s onl& in : .ountri s+ • A..or$in* to th h a$ o, China Mobil ' China-s hom I*ro!n mobil t .hnolo*& is a , ! & ars b hin$ that o, its int rnational .om# titors sin. it !as ha/in* #robl ms !ith han$s ts+ Ess ntiall& t .hnolo*& !as la**in* b hin$+ ?art o, th #robl m !as th .hoi. to s!a# to TDISCDMA-s n t!or" !hi.h man& !oul$ .onsi$ r in, rior to th t .hnolo*& o,, r $ b& Vo$a,on + An$ China (ni.om !ants to b .om th bi** st o# rator in China+
So in or$ r to ta" .om# titi/ a$/anta* s ,rom th ir .om# tators' th & shoul$ start im#l m ntation o, t .hnolo*&+ • • As th r a$/ rtis m nts ar / r& l ss as .om#ar to Vo$a#hon so th & shoul$ in.r as th r a$/ rtis m nt+ Th s#ons rshi#s o, .hina mobil ,on is / r& l ss as .om#ar to /o$a ,on so th & shoul$ in.r as th ir s#ons rshi# to * t .om#atiti/ a$/anta* s+
•
Th ban$!i$th utiliDation o, .hina mobil ,on .om#ani is onl& >>MHD !hi.h is l ss as .om#ar to /o$a ,on ' $u to !hi.h its blo."in* .a#abilit& o, .alls in bus& hours is mor than /o$a ,on an$ so it has #oor %ualit& o, s r/i. s than /o$a ,on
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CONCLUSION & SUGESTIONS
FO; VODAFONE COM?ANY<
• As Vo$a,on has *ot hi*hl& .om# titi/ mar" t a.ross th *lob +*+ China Mobil Com#an& m r* $ as lar* st @SM #ro/i$in* .om#an& in th !hol !orl$+
So Vo$a,on shoul$ in.r as th ir numb r o, .ustom rs to .om# t !ith China Mobil Com#an& b& $ .r asin* th ir .ost+
•
It still la*s b hin$ maKor .om# titors in th (SA+ So Vo$a,on shoul$ .om# t in th (SA mar" t b& intro$u.in* th ir n t!or" in th (SA an$ it shoul$ $ .r as th ir .ost to th minimum #ossibl Kust to .o/ r th mar" t+
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As th r is Etr m l& hi*h # n tration rat s o, n ! .om#ani s in " & Euro# an mar" ts+
So Vo$a,on Com#an& shoul$ o,, r mor an$ mor s r/i. s to its .ustom rs !ith th minimum .ost #ossibl to sto# th # n tration o, th n ! .om# titors+ • D / lo#m nt o, VoI? .ommuni.ation ma& also r $u. th us o, @SM a.ross th *lob ' s# .iall& in Euro# an$ Am ri.a+
So Vo$a,on shoul$ o,, r mor #a."a* s s# .iall& r *ar$in* ma"in* o, .alls !ith th minimum .ost #ossibl + B .aus it !ill h l# th @SM n t!or" to .om# t !ith th VoI? .ommuni.ation' oth r!is it !ill *r atl& a,, .t th r / nu o, th Vo$a,on s# .iall& in Euro# an$ Am ri.a !h r th VoI? .ommuni.ation is $ / lo#in* !ith normous s# $+
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doc_343806725.pdf
COMPARISON BETWEEN
CHINA MOBILE & VODAFONE
COMPANIES ON THE BASIS OF
SWOT ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION OF VODAFONE COMPANY:
• It is a British multinational mobil n t!or" o# rator h a$%uart r $ in N !bur&' B r"shir ' (nit $ )in*$om+ Vo$a,on is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil t l .ommuni.ation n t!or" .om#an&' bas $ on r / nu ' an$ has a mar" t /alu o, about 012+3 billion 4No/ mb r 35567+ Th nam Vo$a,on .om s ,rom /oi. $ata ,on ' .hos n b& th .om#an& to 8r ,l .t th #ro/ision o, /oi. an$ $ata s r/i. s o/ r mobil #hon s8+ It !as ,oun$ $ in 269: as ;a.al T l .om' an$ b .am in$ # n$ nt 2662+ ) & # o#l < Sir =ohn Bon$ 4Chairman7 Vittorio Colao 4CEO7 =ohn Bu.hanan 4D #ut& Chairman7 An$& Hal,or$ 4CFO7 It .urr ntl& has o# rations in :2 .ountri s an$ #artn r n t!or"s in a ,urth r >5 .ountri s+ As o, Mar.h :2' 3556' th .om#an& m#lo&s mor than 16'555 # o#l !orl$!i$ + ?ro$u.ts #romot $ b& th @rou# in.lu$ Vo$a,on li/ A' Vo$a,on Mobil Conn .t (SB Mo$ m' Vo$a,on Conn .t to Fri n$s' Vo$a,on ?ass#ort' Vo$a,on Fr $om ?a."s' Vo$a,on at Hom ' Vo$a,on 125 an$ Amob M $ia S&st ms+
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•
Vo$a,on o!ns >BC o, V riDon Wir l ss' th lar* st !ir l ss t l .ommuni.ations n t!or" in th (nit $ Stat s' bas $ on numb r o, subs.rib rs+
•
It is list $ on th Lon$on Sto." EE.han* ' !h r it is a .onstitu nt o, th FTSE 255 in$ E+
INDRODUCTION OF CHINA MOBILE COMPANY:
• China Mobil Limit $ !as start $ in 2661+ Ori*inall& it !as .all $ China T l .om 4Hon* )on*7 an$ th n China Mobil 4Hon* )on*7 an$ ,inall& China Mobile Limited as ! "no! it to$a&+ Its #ubli. o,, rin* in 2661 * n rat $ .a#ital o, (SD F3+B million+ H a$%uart rs < Gu n-s ;oa$' Hon* )on* ) & # o#l < Wan* =ianDhou 4Chairman & CEO7
• • • •
It is th !orl$Hs lar* st mobil n t!or"+ China Mobil has also th *r at st numb r o, mobil subs.rib rs+ As o, 3556' it is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil #hon o# rator' !ith o/ r B59 million .ustom rs'th lar* st Chin s .om#an& list $ o/ rs as an$ th lar* st t l .om in Asia+ A stat Io!n $ nt r#ris $ir .tl& .ontroll $ b& th *o/ rnm nt o, th ? o#l -s ; #ubli. o, China but also a #ubli. .om#an& that is list $ on th NYSE an$ th Hon* )on* sto." E.han* ' China Mobil has $ominat $ Chin s mobil s r/i. s sin. its in. #tion+ S r/i. s < Mobil s r/i. s Valu Ia$$ $ mobil s r/i. s I? t l #hon&
•
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STRENGHTS: 4VODA?HONE COM?ANY7
• Vo$a,on is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil t l .ommuni.ation n t!or" .om#an&' bas $ on r / nu + ; / nu O# ratin* in.om ?ro,it Total ass ts Total %uit& • • 0>2+53 billion 43559J567 0B+9B1 billion 43559J567 0:+519 billion 43559J567 02B3+1 billion 43559J567 09>+19 billion 43559J567
It .urr ntl& has o# rations in :2 .ountri s an$ #artn r n t!or"s in a ,urth r >5 .ountri s+ Bas $ on subs.rib rs' it is th !orl$-s s .on$ lar* st mobil #hon o# rator b hin$ China Mobil ' !ith o/ r >31 million subs.rib rs in :2 mar" ts a.ross B .ontin nts as o, 3556+ As o, Mar.h :2' 3556' th .om#an& m#lo&s mor than 16'555 # o#l !orl$!i$ + Vo$a,on o!ns >BC o, V riDon Wir l ss' th lar* st !ir l ss t l .ommuni.ations n t!or" in th (nit $ Stat s' bas $ on numb r o, subs.rib rs+
•
•
•
In Mar.h 3551' Sa,ari.om' !hi.h is #art o!n $ b& Vo$a,on an$ th l a$in* mobil .ommuni.ation #ro/i$ r in ) n&a' laun.h $ a mobil #a&m nt solution $ / lo# $ b& Vo$a,on +MI?ESA is aim $ at mobil .ustom rs !ho $o not ha/ a ban" a..ount' t&#i.all& b .aus th & $o not ha/ a.. ss to a ban" or th ir in.om is insu,,i.i nt to Kusti,& a ban" a..ount+ Th MI?ESA s&st m allo!s .ustom rs to $ #osit an$ !ith$ra! .ash /ia lo.al a* nts' an$ trans, r mon & to oth r mobil #hon us rs /ia SMS+
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•
B& F bruar& 3559' th MI?ESA mon & trans, r s&st m in ) n&a ha$ *ain $ 2+L million .ustom rs an$ Vo$a,on announ. $ that it !as to Et n$ th s r/i. to A,*hanistan+ Th s r/i. h r !as laun.h $ on th ;oshan n t!or" un$ r th bran$ MI?aisa !ith a $i,, r nt ,o.us to th ) n&an s r/i. + MI?aisa !as tar* t $ as a / hi.l ,or mi.ro,inan. institutions4MFI7 loan $isburs m nts an$ r #a&m nts' alon*si$ busin ss to busin ss a##li.ations su.h as salar& +
•
?ro$u.ts #romot $ b& th @rou# in.lu$ Vo$a,on li/ A' Vo$a,on Mobil Conn .t (SB Mo$ m' Vo$a,on Conn .t to Fri n$s' Vo$a,on ?ass#ort' Vo$a,on Fr $om ?a."s' Vo$a,on at Hom ' Vo$a,on 125 an$ Amob M $ia S&st ms+ B t! n =un an$ Au*ust 3556' Vo$a,on sus# n$ $ roamin* .har* s !ithin :B $i,, r nt .ountri s' allo!in* th ir .ustom rs to ta" th ir stan$ar$ () #ri. #lan abroa$+
• • • • • • • • • • • •
Vo$a,on s#onsors th ,ollo!in* t ams an$ / nts to a$/ rtis th ir .om#an& !orl$!i$ +< )shitiK' Annual T .hnoImana* m nt , sti/al o, IIT )hara*#ur' Strat *i. ?artn r 3559 Albania national ,ootball t am' 3559 s#onsor Brisban Lions Football Club' Australian rul s ,ootball t am' maKor s#onsor ,rom 3551' this s#onsorshi# n$ $ on O.tob r :2' 3556 In$ian ?r mi r L a*u 4Cri." t7' Asso.iat s#onsor Bu.har st ;in* M Vo$a,on Bu.har st Chall n* 51' #rimar& s#onsor Clar @a li. Athl ti. Asso.iation D uts.h Tour n!a* n Mast rs 4DTM I @ rman Tourin* Car Mast rs7 s ri s 43553M35517 4,orm rl& D37+ Vo$a,on Oa"s an$ Vo$a,on D rb& hors ra. s @a li. Athl ti. Asso.iation I Vo$a,on is on o, th main s#onsors o, Ir lan$-s @AA AllIIr lan$ S nior Football Cham#ionshi# ,or th 3556 Summ r+ Dublin @AA I @a li. Football t am' b *innin* in 3525 until 352L t.+
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STRENGTHS: 4CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY7
• China Mobil !as list $ ,i,th in Mill!ar$ Bro!n-s Bran$D To# 255 Bran$s in 3551+ This !oul$ ha/ b unh ar$ o, 25 & ars a*o 4or / n l ss7+ Th n !s m ans that th .om#an& is b .omin* mor than a busin ss sin. it is no! also a bran$ i+ + #oss ssin* bran$ %uit& an$ bran$ /alu + Oth r Chin s bran$s to br a" th to# 255 ! r th Ban" o, China' th Chin s Constru.tion Ban" an$ IBBC+ It is ar*u $ b& man& that Chin s .om#ani s ar not stron* in r lation to mar" tin* but # rha#s thin*s ar .han*in*+ China Mobil -s has th !orl$-s lar* st @SM n t!or"' !hi.h n.om#ass s all :2 #ro/in. s' autonomous r *ions an$ $ir .tl&Ia$minist r $ muni.i#aliti s in Mainlan$ China an$ in.lu$ s Hon* )on*' too+ Th .om#an& has ma$ *oo$ #ro,its o/ r r . nt & ars+ China Mobil has *on $o!n th a.%uisition trail on a numb r o, o..asions+ In its arl& $a&s it too" o/ r =ian*su Mobil 426617+ Oth r im#ortant a.%uisitions in.lu$ FuKian Mobil ' H nan Mobil ' an$ Hainan Mobil 426667N I an$ B iKin* Mobil ' Shan*hai Mobil ' TianKin Mobil an$ H b i Mobil 435557+ Th s $ / lo#m nts ha/ $ li/ r $ stron* *ro!th+ China Mobil is numb r on in th Chin s mar" t+ It r .or$ $ a L1+BC mar" t shar in 355L+ It is th !orl$-s lar* st $i*ital mobil .om#an&' an$ s r/ s mor .ustom As o, 3556' it is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil #hon o# rator' !ith o/ r B59 million .ustom rs' th lar* st Chin s .om#an& list $ o/ rs as an$ th lar* st t l .om in Asia rs than an& oth r mobil su##li r+ Whil a stat Io!n $ nt r#ris ' it is list $ on both th NYSE an$ th Hon* )on* sto." E.han* + China Mobil E#an$ $ o/ rs as in 3551' !ith th #ur.has o, ?a"t l in ?a"istan' an$ laun.h $ th OON@ bran$ th r a & ar lat r+ In Ma& 3559 th .om#an& too" o/ r China Ti ton*' a ,iE $Ilin t l .om an$ th thir$ lar* st broa$ban$ IS? in China' thus a$$in* int rn t s r/i. s to its .or busin ss o, mobil s r/i. s+
•
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WEAKNESSES : 4 VODAFONE COM?ANY7
•
In th ()' its hom *roun$' Vo$a,on has ba$l& un$ r# r,orm $ in th last , ! & ars $u to bris" .han* in a$ministration+ It has sli## $ ,rom ,irst to thir$ lar* st t l .om o# rator+
•
(S busin ss not n arl& as stron* as Euro# anJr st o, th !orl$ o# rations 95C o, its busin ss is * n rat $ in Euro#
•
(ntil r . ntl& Vo$a,on 4s# .aill& Airt l in In$ia7 $i$ not o!n its o!n to! rs' !hi.h !as a #arti.ular str n*th o, som o, its .om# titors su.h as Hut.hison Essar+ To! rs ar im#ortant i, &our .om#an& !ish s to #ro/i$ !i$ .o/ ra* nationall&+
•
Th ,a.t that th has not #ull $ o,, a $ al !ith South A,ri.a-s MTN .oul$ si*nal th la." o, an& r al m r*in* mar" t in/ stm nt o##ortunit& ,or th busin ss on. th In$ian mar" t has b .om matur +
•
It $o s not ha/ that mu.h .ustom rs as that o, China Mobil althou*h it has *ot its n t!or" in :2 .ountri s a.ross th *lob+
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WEAKNESSES : 4CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY7
•
A..or$in* to th h a$ o, China Mobil ' China-s hom I*ro!n mobil t .hnolo*& is a , ! & ars b hin$ that o, its int rnational .om# titors sin. it !as ha/in* #robl ms !ith han$s ts+ Ess ntiall&
t .hnolo*& !as la**in* b hin$+ ?art o, th #robl m !as th .hoi. to s!a# to TDISCDMA-s n t!or" !hi.h man& !oul$ .onsi$ r in, rior to th t .hnolo*& o,, r $ b& Euro# an an$ Am ri.an alt rnati/ s 4!hi.h th ir .om# titors ha/ $ .i$ $ to a$o#t7+•
Th .om#an& is not *loball& $i/ rsi,i $+ T l .oms .om#ani s t n$ to tra$ in mor than on .ountr&' usuall& throu*h a.%uisition' KointI/ ntur s or strat *i. allian. s 4,or Eam#l th Vo$a,on .om#an& has tra$ in man& .ountri s+7+ This ma& l a/ th .om#an& E#os $ i, th Chin s mar" t ! r to *o into a $ # or sustain $ $ .lin +
•
Althou*h it is th lar* st @SM .om#an& in th !hol !orl$ r *ar$in* th numb r o, .ostum rs but still its r / nu is #r t& mu.h l ss than th /o$a,on .om#an&+
•
@?;S is not & t ,ull& ,un.tionl $ in all o, its .o/ r $ r *ions as it is ,ull& ,un.tionl $ in Vo$a,on +
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OPPORTUNITIES: 4VODAFONE COM?ANY7
•
Vo$a,on has *r at o##ortunit& to in.r as its .ustom rs b& r $u.in* its .ost' b .aus its .ost is #r tt& mu.h hi*h as .om#ar to China Mobil Com#an& !hi.h ha/ / r& l ast .osts+
•
It has *ot an o##ortunit& to b .om th lar* st Sta" hol$ rs in man& oth r .ountri s li" @ rman&' N th rlan$ ' Nor!a& t. Kust li" In$ia' !h r it has *ot th lar* st Sta" in th T l .ommuni.ation Mar" t+
•
It .an also im#ro/ its r s ar.h an$ $ / lo#m nt o, n ! mobil t .hnolo*i s +
•
It has *ot a *oo$ o##ortunit& to b .om th lar* st mobil .om#an& r *ar$in* th numb r o, .ustom rs b& ,o.usin* on $ / lo#in* mar" ts ' ,or Eam#l A,ri.a' Latin Am ri.a' ;ussia t.+
•
It .an o/ rta" China Mobil r *ar$in* th numb r o, .ustom rs b& im#ro/in* th r a$ministration' b& #ro/i$in* mor ,a.iliti s in (rban ar as an$ Et n$in* its .o/ ra* ar a to ;ural ar as+
•
It .an Et n$ it Mobil Mon & Tras, r S r/i. to oth r .ontri s o, th *lob ,or Eam#l in In$ia' Albania' A,ri.an .ountri s t.' as ! ll !hi.h !ill im#ro/ th r / nu +
•
It .an in.r as its .ustom rs b& s#ons rin* mor an$ mor int rnational / nts +*+ in s#orts ' it .an s#ons r Foot ball Wor$ .u#' Cri." t !or$ .u#' Ba$m ntan Wor$ .u# t.+
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OPPORTUNITIES: 4CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY7
• Th Chin s .onom& has un$ r*on normous *ro!th' !hi.h has l a$ to th hu* $ man$ ,or mobil t l #hon s' $ /i. s an$ t .hnolo*i s+ A..or$in* to th Chin s @o/ rnm nt' China is th !orl$-s lar* st mobil mar" t !ith B35 million mobil #hon us rs+ This numb r .oul$ r a.h L55 million b& 3525+ Bu$* t us rs in China ar $ri/in* *ro!th in th mobil t l .oms s .tor+ China Mobil r #ort $ a n t #ro,it b t! n =anuar& an$ Mar.h 3559 o, aroun$ 3>+2bn &uan 40:+>bnN 03+3bn7 !hi.h is a ris o, :1C on 3551 a..or$in* to BBC N !s+ Sin. th .iti s ha/ b .om saturat $' mu.h o, th n ! *ro!th is #r $i.t $ ,or rural China an$ it is this s *m nt that is most li" l& to b tar* t $ b& th lar* o# rators+
t .hnolo*i s #ro/i$ th lar* st o##ortunit& ,or China T l .om+ As it is th lar* st @SM .om#an& basis on th numb r o, .ustom rs 4 !hi.h is B59 million b& 35567 ' it .an b .om th !orl$ lar* t @SM #ro/i$in* .om#an& on r / nu basis as ! ll' b& Et n$in* its n t!or$ a.ross th *lob as that o, th Vo$a,on !hi.h Et n$ $ its n t!or" to :2 .ountri s a.ross th *lob + China Mobil Com#an& 4 i+ + OON@ mobil .om#an&7 .an b at all th oth r .om#ani s in ?a"istan +*+ Mobilin"' u,on ' !ari$ ' t l nor' b& r $u.in* th r .ost' intro$u.in* n ! s r/i. s ,or Eam#l Mobil Mon & Trans, r S r/i. as Vo$a,on $i$ start it in man& .ountri s a.ross th *lob an$ oth r s r/i. s as ! ll b .aus it is lar* st .om#an& in th !orl$ so it !ill not a,,a.t its r / nu that mu.h i, th & r $u. s th r .ost .om#arin* to oth r .om#ani s in ?a"istan+ It .an Et n$ its n t!or$ to Euro# 4 !h r it shoul$ .om# t !ith Vo$a,on 7 ' to (SA' to Latin Am ri.a ' to A,ri.a' to Mi$$l East ' to ;ussia' to Mon*olia ' to Australlia an$ man& oth r r *ions an$ .ountri s+ Than this .om#an& !ill b .om unb atibl +•
•
•
•
•
•
It .an in.r as its .ustom rs b& s#ons rin* mor an$ mor int rnational / nts +*+ in s#orts ' it .an s#ons r Foot ball Wor$ .u#' Cri." t !or$ .u#'
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Ba$m ntan Wor$ .u# t. as $i$ b& Vo$a,on in man& .ountri s a.ross th *lob +
THREATS: 4VODAFONE COM?ANY7
•
It has *ot hi*hl& .om# titi/ mar" t mar" t a.ross th *lob +*+ China Mobil Com#an& m r* $ as lar* st @SM #ro/i$in* .om#an& in th !hol !orl$+
•
I, China Mobil .om#an& intro$u. $ its s r/i. s in Euro# an$ In$ia 4 th lar* st mar" ts o, Vo$a,on 7 than th r !oul$ b a *r at $ .r as in th r / nu o, th .om#an&+
•
It still la*s b hin$ maKor .om# titors in th (SA+
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Th r ar Etr m l& hi*h # n tration rat s o, n ! .om#ani s in " & Euro# an mar" ts+
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Euro# an (nion r *ulation on .rossIbor$ r . ll #hon usa* b& .ustom rs+
•
D / lo#m nt o, VoI? .ommuni.ation ma& also r $u. th us o, @SM a.ross th *lob ' s# .iall& in Euro# an$ Am ri.a+
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THREATS: 4CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY7
•
It has *ot hi*hl& .om# titi/ mar" t mar" t a.ross th *lob +*+ Vo$a,on Mobil Com#an& m r* $ as lar* st @SM #ro/i$in* .om#an& in th !hol !orl$ on th basis o, r / nu ' an$ its numb r o, .ustom rs in.r as $a& b& $a& b .aus it has intro$u. $ its n t!or" in :2 .ountri s a.ross th *lob + N ! subs.rib rs ar mainl& lo!Ius ' lo!I/alu + So a/ ra* r / nu is ,allin* as th mobil #hon mar" t matur s an$ th mar" t b .om s mor #ri. .om# titi/ + So mobil #hon su##li rs ar a!aitin* th intro$u.tion o,
mobil t .hnolo*i s to r Ku/ nat th mar" t an$ stimulat $ man$ as Chin s .ustom rs .onsum th n ! a$$ $ /alu s r/i. s+ China Mobil .oul$ ,a. mor .om# tition in th ,utur as th Chin s @o/ rnm nt #lans to allo! mor o# rators into th mar" t+ China Mobil has 15C o, th 3@ mar" t in China+ China (ni.om !ants to b .om th bi** st o# rator' an$ China T l .om aims to !in 2BC o, th mar" t b& 3525+•
•
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China Mobil has a numb r o, s r/i. obli*ations un$ r a*r m nts !ith th Chin s 4?;C7 @o/ rnm nt+ So th busin ss ma& b obli* $ to #ro/i$ un#ro,itabl s r/i. s that #a& a so.ial $i/i$ n$+ A$$ $ to this th Ministr& o, In,ormation an$ In$ustr& has allo.at $ a limit $ ,r %u n.& 4>>MHD7 to th .om#an& !hi.h !ill not su##ort lar* numb rs o, subs.rib rs in th ,utur + As Vo$a,on is th m r*in* @SM #ro/i$ r .om#an& on th basis o, numb r o, .ustom r s so China Mobil ma& los th r .ustom rs i, Vo$a,on intro$u. $ its n t!or" in ?a"istan ' China an$ Hon* )on*+ An$ that !oul$ r $u. th ir r / nu to a *r at Et nt+
•
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CONCLUSION & SUGESTIONS
FO; CHINA MOBILE COM?ANY<
• As th .om#an& is not *loball& $i/ rsi,i $+ T l .oms .om#ani s t n$ to tra$ in mor than on .ountr&' usuall& throu*h a.%uisition' KointI/ ntur s or strat *i. allian. s 4,or Eam#l th Vo$a,on .om#an& has tra$ in man& .ountri s+7+ This ma& l a/ th .om#an& E#os $ i, th Chin s mar" t ! r to *o into a $ # or sustain $ $ .lin +
So China Mobil shoul$ intro$u. $ th ir n t!or" s r/i. s in oth r .ountri s a.ross th *lob Kust li" Vo$a,on !ho ha/ intro$u. $ th r s r/i. s in :2 .ountri s in th !orl$ !hil China Mobil has th ir s r/i. s onl& in : .ountri s+ • A..or$in* to th h a$ o, China Mobil ' China-s hom I*ro!n mobil t .hnolo*& is a , ! & ars b hin$ that o, its int rnational .om# titors sin. it !as ha/in* #robl ms !ith han$s ts+ Ess ntiall&
t .hnolo*& !as la**in* b hin$+ ?art o, th #robl m !as th .hoi. to s!a# to TDISCDMA-s n t!or" !hi.h man& !oul$ .onsi$ r in, rior to th t .hnolo*& o,, r $ b& Vo$a,on + An$ China (ni.om !ants to b .om th bi** st o# rator in China+So in or$ r to ta" .om# titi/ a$/anta* s ,rom th ir .om# tators' th & shoul$ start im#l m ntation o,
t .hnolo*&+ • • As th r a$/ rtis m nts ar / r& l ss as .om#ar to Vo$a#hon so th & shoul$ in.r as th r a$/ rtis m nt+ Th s#ons rshi#s o, .hina mobil ,on is / r& l ss as .om#ar to /o$a ,on so th & shoul$ in.r as th ir s#ons rshi# to * t .om#atiti/ a$/anta* s+•
Th ban$!i$th utiliDation o, .hina mobil ,on .om#ani is onl& >>MHD !hi.h is l ss as .om#ar to /o$a ,on ' $u to !hi.h its blo."in* .a#abilit& o, .alls in bus& hours is mor than /o$a ,on an$ so it has #oor %ualit& o, s r/i. s than /o$a ,on
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CONCLUSION & SUGESTIONS
FO; VODAFONE COM?ANY<
• As Vo$a,on has *ot hi*hl& .om# titi/ mar" t a.ross th *lob +*+ China Mobil Com#an& m r* $ as lar* st @SM #ro/i$in* .om#an& in th !hol !orl$+
So Vo$a,on shoul$ in.r as th ir numb r o, .ustom rs to .om# t !ith China Mobil Com#an& b& $ .r asin* th ir .ost+
•
It still la*s b hin$ maKor .om# titors in th (SA+ So Vo$a,on shoul$ .om# t in th (SA mar" t b& intro$u.in* th ir n t!or" in th (SA an$ it shoul$ $ .r as th ir .ost to th minimum #ossibl Kust to .o/ r th mar" t+
•
As th r is Etr m l& hi*h # n tration rat s o, n ! .om#ani s in " & Euro# an mar" ts+
So Vo$a,on Com#an& shoul$ o,, r mor an$ mor s r/i. s to its .ustom rs !ith th minimum .ost #ossibl to sto# th # n tration o, th n ! .om# titors+ • D / lo#m nt o, VoI? .ommuni.ation ma& also r $u. th us o, @SM a.ross th *lob ' s# .iall& in Euro# an$ Am ri.a+
So Vo$a,on shoul$ o,, r mor #a."a* s s# .iall& r *ar$in* ma"in* o, .alls !ith th minimum .ost #ossibl + B .aus it !ill h l# th @SM n t!or" to .om# t !ith th VoI? .ommuni.ation' oth r!is it !ill *r atl& a,, .t th r / nu o, th Vo$a,on s# .iall& in Euro# an$ Am ri.a !h r th VoI? .ommuni.ation is $ / lo#in* !ith normous s# $+
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