Description
Collaboration is working with each other to do a task.[1] It is a recursive[2] process where two or more people or organizations work together to realize shared goals, (this is more than the intersection of common goals seen in co-operative ventures, but a deep, collective, determination to reach an identical objective
TECHNICAL RESEARCH REPORT
Successful Industry-University Collaborations in Manufacturing Technology
by Takehisa Seino and Jeffrey A. Coriale
TR 2005-99
ISR develops, applies and teaches advanced methodologies of design and analysis to solve complex, hierarchical, heterogeneous and dynamic problems of engineering technology and systems for industry and government. ISR is a permanent institute of the University of Maryland, within the Glenn L. Martin Institute of Technology/A. James Clark School of Engineering. It is a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center. Web sitehttp://www.isr.umd.edu
I R
INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS RESEARCH
Succes s f ulI ndus t ryU ni vers i t y C ol l aborat i ons i n M anuf act uri ng Technol ogy Takehi s a Sei no1 and J ef f r ey A .Cor i al e2 1 Cor por at e M anuf act ur i ng Engi neer i ng Cent er ,Tos hi ba Cor por at i on,J apan 2I ns t i t ut ef orSys t em s Res ear ch,U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and,U SA act uri ng com pani es have i ndependent l y A bs t ract - H i s t ori cal l y, m any Japanes e m anuf devel oped m anuf act uri ng t echnol ogi es s uch as advanced proces s es and equi pm ent ,m et hods of anal yzi ng m anuf act uri ng phenom ena, and product i on m anagem ent and qual i t y cont rol s ys t em s ,w hi ch m ai nt ai nt he com pet i t i venes s ofproductdevel opm entand product i on.M os tof t hes e com pani es are begi nni ng t o recogni ze t he i m port ance ofcol l aborat i ng w i t h uni vers i t i es , w here advanced t echnol ogi es and m et hodol ogi es are res earched, as a w ay t o adapt t ot he s hort l eadt i m e requi rem ent sf or res earch and devel opm ent i n m anuf act uri ng t echnol ogy. Becaus e oft he m any chal l enges t ot he s ucces s ofj oi ntres earch,t he ant i ci pat ed res ul t s are not al w ays obt ai ned.I nt hi s paper ,key f act ors f or t he s ucces s ofi ndus t ryuni vers i t y col l aborat i on i nt he m anuf act uri ng t echnol ogy f i el d are di s cus s ed by dem ons t rat i ng act uals ucces s f ulcas es carri ed outby Tos hi ba and t he U ni vers i t y ofM aryl and.
??I N TR O D U C TI ON I nJ apan’ s hi ghgr ow t h er a,m any J apanes e m anuf act ur i ng i ndus t r i es i nt r oduced t echnol ogi es f or Thes ei ndus t r i es pr oduct devel opm ent f r om advanced com pani es i n Eur ope and t he U . S. ?1?. ef f i ci ent l yr eal i zed and pr oduced new pr oduct s by devel opi ng m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogi es s uch as advanced m anuf act ur i ng pr oces s es and equi pm ent , m et hods of anal yzi ng m anuf act ur i ng phenom ena,pr oduct i on m anagem entand qual i t y cont r ols ys t em s .The com pani es gr ew as a r es ul t . l y. J apanes e com pani es Hi s t or i cal l y, t hes e t echnol ogi es have been devel oped i ndependent bel i eved m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogi es w er e one ofJ apan’ ss t r engt hs ,and t hatby devel opi ng t hem on t hei row n t hey w oul d m ai nt ai n pr oductdevel opm entand pr oduct i on com pet i t i venes s . H ow ever ,t oday m os t of t hes e com pani es ar e begi nni ng t o r ecogni ze t he i m por t ance of i es t hatr es ear ch advanced t echnol ogi es and m et hodol ogi es as a w ay t o col l abor at i ng w i t h uni ver s i t adaptt ot he s hor tl eadt i m e R& D r equi r em ent si nt hi s ar ea. Becaus e of m any chal l enges t ot he s ucces s of j oi nt r es ear ch, t he ant i ci pat ed r es ul t s ar e not opr i at er es ear cher s or l abor at or i es al w ays obt ai ned.O ne chal l enge i st he di f f i cul t y of f i ndi ng appr wi t hi n a uni ver s i t y.A not her i s def i ni ng s ui t abl er es ear ch t ar get s .M any m anuf act ur i ng com pani es ar e not s uf f i ci ent l yt aki ng advant age of t he exper t i s e and know l edge of uni ver s i t yr es ear cher st o as s i s ti n det er mi ni ng s ui t abl et hem es f or j oi nt r es ear ch.I ns t ead,j oi nt r es ear ch t hem es t end t o be det er mi ned f r om i deas concei ved by m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s .A t hi r d chal l enge i nvol ves t he di f f i cul t y of obt ai ni ng pr act i cal r es ear ch r es ul t s .U ni ver s i t yr es ear cher s ar e exper t si n m odel and al gor i t hm devel opm ent , but t ypi cal l y do not under s t and t he det ai l s of i ndus t r i al m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy.Ther ef or et he m odel s and al gor i t hm s t hey devel op do notencom pas s al lt he neces s ar y f act or s needed f or t he r es ul t st o be r eadi l y us ef uli n a m anuf act ur i ng envi r onm ent .A s a r es ul t ,t he t s m anuf act ur i ng com pany of t en needs t o s pend addi t i onal ef f or t m odi f yi ng t he r es ear ch r es ul bef or et hey can be us ed. M any r es ear ch s t udi es r egar di ng i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i on w er er epor t ed i nJ apan f r om
var i ous vi ew poi nt s ,i ncl udi ng t he r ol e of t he uni ver s i t y,TLO ( Technol ogy Li cens e Or gani zat i on) , ent r epr eneur s hi p, cont r act , and i nt el l ect ual pr oper t y [ 2] [ 5] . H ow ever , concr et e m anagem ent appr oaches f or t he i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i on f r om t he vi ew poi nt of m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogi es m anagem entw er e notdi s cus s ed enough i nt hes er es ear ch s t udi es . I nt hi s paper ,t hr ee key f eat ur es f or s ucces s of i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y cooper at i on i n m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy ar e di s cus s ed by dem ons t r at i ng act ual s ucces s f ul cas es car r i ed out by t he Cor por at e t ut ef or M anuf act ur i ng Engi neer i ng Cent er ( CM C) of Tos hi ba Cor por at i on ( Tos hi ba) and t he I ns t i Sys t em s Res ear ch ( I SR)oft he U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and ( UM D) .The f eat ur es ar e: ( 1) The w ay t he i nt er di s ci pl i nar y or gani zat i on of t he I SR w i t hi nt he U ni ver s i t yf aci l i t at es f i ndi ng appr opr i at er es ear cher s ; s and goal s ar e cl ar i f i ed t o def i ne ef f ect i ve t hem es f orj oi ntr es ear ch;and ( 2)H ow concept ( 3)The s t r ong and cont i nuous com m uni cat i ons bet w een m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s and r es ear cher s
??H O W I SR ’ SI N TER D I SC I PLI N A RY O R G A N IZATI ON W I TH I N TH E U N I V ER SI TY FA C I LI TATES FI NDI N G A PPR O PR I ATE R ESEA R C H ER S W hen t hey s ear ch f or s ui t abl e uni ver s i t i es f or j oi ntr es ear ch,m anuf act ur i ng com pani es t ypi cal l y cont act peopl et hey know f r om pr evi ous or pr eexi s t i ng r el at i ons hi ps or i nves t i gat ei nf or m at i on f ound i n uni ver s i t ypubl i s hed paper s ,r epor t s or w eb pages .O nce a pot ent i aluni ver s i t y par t ner i s ti s ver yi m por t ant f or t he m anuf act ur er t o be abl et o connect w i t ht he appr opr i at e i dent i f i ed, i r es ear cher s .D i al ogue and negot i at i on ar e needed t o es t abl i s h cr uci al t i m e and r es ul t par am et er s t hat w i l l benef i tt he com pany. H ow ever , com pani es t ypi cal l y f i nd i t di f f i cul tt o m eet t he rl abor at or i es . appr opr i at er es ear cher s orvi s i tt hei I nt hi ss ect i on, I SR’ si nt er di s ci pl i nar y or gani zat i on i s pr es ent ed as a w ay t of aci l i t at ef i ndi ng appr opr i at er es ear cher s .W e w i l ldem ons t r at eI SR’ s act i vi t i es ,begi nni ng w i t hi t si ni t i alcont actw i t h Tos hi ba. s ci pl i nar y or gani z at i on ofI SR A.I nt er di I SR began i n 1985 as a N at i onal Sci ence Foundat i on Engi neer i ng Res ear ch Cent er [ 6] .I SR com pl et ed i t sf ul lf undi ng cycl e( 11 year s ) ,gai ned uni ver s i t yi ns t i t ut es t at us al ong t he w ay,and i s di s ci pl i nar y now f ul l y s el f s uppor t i ng. I SR’ s uni que s ys t em s engi neer i ng envi r onm ent of i nt er r es ear ch i s com pos ed ofr es ear cher sf r om f i ve col l eges and 11 uni t s acr os s cam pus ,al l ow i ng I SR t o br i ng t oget hera w i de var i et y oft eam s t hatcan addr es st he needs ofcom pani es . k on t opi cs ofs t r at egi c pr i or i t yt o I SR’ si ndus t r y par t ner s hi ps t r at egy s eeks m ut ualbenef i tand w or bot h par t i es .I SR pr es ent l y w or ks w i t h about 35 com pani es on a var i et y of t opi cs . H ow ever ,i t em phas i zes deeperand br oaderpar t ner s hi ps w i t h as el ects etofcom pani es w el lal i gned w i t hI SR t o benef i tf r om hi ghl y cr os s di s ci pl i nar y,s ys t em s or i ent ed R& D . I SR s uppor t st hi ss t r at egy by em pl oyi ng a pr oces s of1)under s t andi ng t he cus t om er[ W hatar et he cus t om er ’ s needs ,i nt er es t s and or gani zat i on? W hatdo bot hf acul t y and t he com pany w ant ? W her e t i ng t he r i ghtpeopl et oget her t o def i ne t he par t ner s hi p ar et he col l abor at i on oppor t uni t i es ?] ;2) get and col l abor at i on oppor t uni t i es ,i ncl udi ng cos t s ; and 3) s el ect i ng t he bes t bus i nes s vehi cl et o i m pl em entt he par t ner s hi p. I n addi t i on t o t hi s pr oces s ,I SR’ ss t r uct ur al as pect s hel p i ndus t r i al par t ner s hi ps t o becom e i s hed.A cr i t i calcom ponenti st o have a s t af f pos i t i on dedi cat ed t o bui l di ng r el at i ons hi ps ,as es t abl
ot her have al s o obs er ved [ 7] [ 9] . Thi ss t af f m em ber cat al yzes ,f aci l i t at es and i nt egr at es al lt he neces s ar y el em ent s and w or ks t o under s t and t he needs of com pani es .I n col l abor at i on w i t hI SR’ s Di r ect or ,t he s t af f m em ber i dent i f i es t he m os tappr opr i at eI SR r es ear cher s acr os st he cam pus as i on.Thi si s a w el com e s our ce of coor di nat i on f or bot h com pani es and t he candi dat es f or col l abor at f acul t y,as s i s t i ng t o cr eat e par t ner s hi ps on t opi cs of m ut uali nt er es t .The s t af fm em ber pr ovi des a , “one s t op s hoppi ng” s er vi ce f orbot ht he com pany and t he f acul t y and w or ks acr os st echni cal ,l egal and bus i nes s dom ai ns .The s t af fm em beri nvol ves t he appr opr i at ef acul t y;uni ver s i t y adm i ni s t r at i on and l egals t af f ;and i ndus t r yt echni cals t af f and m anagem entas needed i n or der t o hel pf or m and m ai nt ai nt he par t ner s hi p.Fi gur e 1 pi ct or i al l ys how s t hes er el at i ons hi ps and i nt er act i ons .
gur e1 Fi
B.Appl i cat i on t oi ni t i alcont actf r om Tos hi ba CM C Tos hi ba CM C s er ves a gr oup of bus i nes s and pr oduct uni t si nt he com pany.Recogni zi ng t hat Tos hi ba i sat echnol ogycent r i c, har dw ar ei nt ens i ve cul t ur e, CM C m ade a s t r at egi c deci s i on t o under s t and and adopt m or e i nf or m at i oncent r i c appr oaches t o t echnol ogy devel opm ent and par t i cul ar l yt o m anuf act ur i ng s ys t em s .To br oaden i t s per s pect i ve i ni nf or m at i on and s ys t em s ar eas , CM C s ought ext er nal par t ner s , par t i cul ar l y uni ver s i t y r es ear ch gr oups w i t h i ns i ght i nt o s ys t em s ai ded m anuf act ur i ng s ys t em s . Tos hi ba CM C cont act ed t he U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and i nt he s um m erof2000 t hr ough a pr eexi s t i ng a CM C l eaderhad been a s t udentofU ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and Pr es i dentC. D .M ot e) . r el at i ons hi p( Fr om t hi si ni t i alcont act ,I SR w as cl ear l yi dent i f i ed as a r epos i t or yf or cr os s di s ci pl i nar ys ys t em s r es ear ch and engi neer i ng s ki l l s and t hei r appl i cat i on t o m anuf act ur i ng [ 10] .CM C deci ded t o hol d m ul t i day m eet i ngs w i t hI SR f or di s cus s i ons of t he s al i entconcept s ,s cope,and r es ear ch exper t i s e needed t of or m ul at e and i m pl em entkey com ponent s of i t ss t r at egy.I SR’ s dedi cat ed s t af fm em ber i mi zat i on, gat her ed f acul t y w hos er es ear ch encom pas s ed ar eas s uch as oper at i ons r es ear ch, opt m odel i ng and s i m ul at i on, s ens i ng and cont r ol , and s of t w ar e engi neer i ng. Thes e f acul t y had exper i ence i n appl yi ng t hei rr es ear ch t o el ect r oni cs m anuf act ur i ng,m anuf act ur i ng l ogi s t i cs ,cont r ol s ys t em s ,and chem i cal engi neer i ng.Thi si nt er act i on w as a s uper b oppor t uni t yt ot hi nk about and ei ns i gni f i cantdept h, s t i m ul at i ng ent hus i as m on bot hs i des al ong w i t h an evol ve a l ar ger pi ct ur appr eci at i on oft he i ndi vi dual si nvol ved. Tabl e1 s how s t he s um m ar y of t he t echnol ogy m anagem entappr oaches t hatar ei ndi cat ed i nt hi s
s ect i on. Tabl e 1:A ppr oaches and appl i cat i ons f orfinding appropriate researchers or laboratories in universities Challenges to Approaches for Applications at CMC and ISR collaborations overcoming the issues ISR dedicated staff member catalyzes and facilitates Difficulty in finding Interdisciplinary partnership appropriate researchers organization of units or laboratories in within the university CMC meets with researchers from universities different disciplines within the university
??C LA R I FY I N G TH E C O N C EPT A N D G O A LS TO D EFI N E TH E TH EM ES O F JO I NT R ESEA R C H The s econd f eat ur e of s ucces s f ul i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i ons i st o cl ar i f yt he concept and goal s and def i ne j oi nt r es ear ch t hem es . A gai n, w e w i l l des cr i be t he act ual act i vi t i es of Tos hi ba CM C and U M d’ sI SR.W e begi n by di s cus s i ng t he needs ofm anuf act ur i ng i ndus t r i es . act ur i ng t echnol ogy i sa f i el d of pr oces si nnovat i on, i ts houl d us e var i ous Becaus e m anuf t echnol ogi es and appr oaches t os ol ve i s s ues i n pr oduct devel opm ent and pr oduct i on. H ow ever , m anuf act ur i ng i ndus t r i es t end t o det er mi ne j oi ntr es ear ch t hem es bas ed on i deas concei ved s ol el y by m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s . Becaus e t he m ai n mi s s i on of m anuf act ur i ng engi neer si nvol ves devel opi ng and pr oduci ng hi ghqual i t y pr oduct s ata l ow cos tand w i t h hi gh pr oduct i vi t y,t hey t end t ot hi nk about i m por t ant pr oces s es , appr oaches ,s ys t em s and equi pm ent w hi ch coul di m pr ove m anuf act ur abi l i t y or pr oduct per f or m ance, r educe cos t , or pr ovi de s om e com bi nat i on of t hes e f act or s . Thi si ndependent appr oach of def i ni ng j oi nt r es ear ch t hem es bas ed s ol el y upon t he m anuf act ur i ng engi neer ’ s per s pect i ve does notbr i ng t he gr eat es tbenef i tt ot he com pany. I ndus t r yuni ver s i t y cooper at i on al l ow s bot hs i des t os har e know l edge and exper i ence. For t he oj ect st hatbot h m eett he par t ner s hi pt o be s ucces s f ul ,i ti si m por t antatt he out s ett oj oi nt l y def i ne pr needs oft he com pany and ar ei nt el l ect ual l ys t i m ul at i ng t of acul t y[ 11] . A.Cl ar i f yi ng t he conceptt o def i ne j oi ntr es ear ch pr oj ectcandi dat es Tos hi ba CM C f ound t hat cl ar i f yi ng i t s m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy concept s w as es s ent i al i n deas f r om uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s . s t i m ul at i ng i To begi n di s cus s i ons , Tos hi ba CM C i nt r oduced t hei r new “D i gi t al M anuf act ur i ng ( DM ’ g) ” m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy concept — a m et hodol ogy t hatus es expl i ci tknow l edge and i nf or m at i on t echnol ogy ( I T) t o mi ni mi ze l os s es of qual i t y, cos t and l ead t i me i n pr oduct devel opm ent and pr oduct i on [ 12] .I n t he D M ’ g f r am ew or k, s i x s ubj ect f r am es ar e def i ned t o ef f i ci ent l y appl y t echnol ogi es and m et hods t o act ualact i vi t i es . Fi gur e2 s how s w her et he s i xs ubj ectf r am es ar e appl i ed al ong t he t w o axes t or epr es entpr oduct devel opm ent and pr oduct i on w or kf l ow. Each s ubj ect f r am e connect ss equent i al pr oces s es al ong he t w o axes w i t h di gi t aldat a and i nf or m at i on.A f t eri nt r oduci ng t hi s conceptand i t sf r am ew or kt o t I SR f acul t y,Tos hi ba CM C expl ai ned t he t echnol ogi es and s ys t em s of each s ubj ectf r am e cur r ent l y i n devel opm ent .
Af t erext ens i ve di s cus s i on,I SR f acul t y pr opos ed a r evi s ed D M ’ gf r am ew or k( Fi gur e 3)and us ef ul t echnol ogy bas ed on t hei rr es ear ch,i ncl udi ng w eb appl i cat i ons ,deci s i onm aki ng t ool s( D M T) and vi s ual i zat i on t ool s . es ear ch t hatw oul df i tt he Thi sr es ul t ed i n Tos hi ba CM C pr opos i ng s om e candi dat es f orj oi ntr pr opos al s and i deas gener at ed by t he I SR f acul t y.
D evel opm entaxi s
Productpl anni ng
Fram e1: Vi rt ualdes i gn of Product& M anuf act uri ng Vi r t ualdes i gn ofpr oces s Fram e2: Vi rt ualdes i gn of product i on l i ne Pr oduct i on l i ne des i gn Sys .
Speci f i cat i ons C onceptdes i gn D et ai l ed des i gn Proces s des i gn Prot ot ypi ng/ t es t D et ai l ed proces s des i gn Product i on l i ne cons t ruct i on
Fram e3: C ons i s t ent& col l ect i ve us e ofdi gi t ali nf o.
Par t s desi gn & Pr oduct i on s ys t em
Pr oduct i on axi s
O rder
Purchas e
Product i on
Product i on cont rol Tes t/qual i t y cont rol M ai nt enance TPM
es Logi s t i cs Sal
Fram e4: C ont rol& m anagem entof m anuf act uri ng i nf o.& qual i t y Di gi t alQ C s ys t em REA LM I CS Fram e5: R em ot e m anagem ent Rem ot e M ai nt enance Gl obalREA LM I CS Fram e6: Suppl y C hai n M anagem ent Seam l es s Pr oduct i on Sys t em
Fi gur e 2:Fr am ew or k ofD i gi t alM anuf act ur i ng
H um an K now l edge ( M ode 1)
H ow t o repres entt hi s ?
Di gi t alD at a From Sens ors ( M ode 3)
Suppl i er D at a
D evel opm ent axi s
( M ode 2) Product / Proces s Speci f i cat i ons
D. M. T.1
( ???)
D. M. T.2 ( M ode 4) D. M. T.3
Di gi t al K now l edge
Product i on axi s H ow ?
( M ode 5) and ( M ode 2) D. M. T.1 D. M. T.2 D. M. T.3
PD M
( M ode 4)
( M ode 4) Product i on Speci f i cat i ons
ER P
Fi gur e 3:Revi s ed Fr am ew or k ofD i gi t alM anuf act ur i ng
B.Cl ar i f yi ng t he goal st o det er mi ne concr et et hem es f or j oi ntr es ear ch A gr eei ng on goal si s anot heri m por t ants t ep i n det er mi ni ng a j oi ntr es ear ch t hem e.I ti s es peci al l y cr uci al t hat i s s ues i m por t ant t ot he m anuf act ur i ng com pany ar e cl ar i f i ed at t hi ss t age. H er e we ulm et hod Tos hi ba CM C and I SR us ed t o det er mi ne t he j oi ntr es ear ch t hem e of des cr i be a s ucces s f a “s eam l es s pr oduct i on s ys t em , ” w hi ch i s one of t he D M ’ gs ubj ect f r am es des cr i bed above. I t r eal i zes t he s eam l es st r ans f er of dat a and i nf or m at i on f r om pl anni ng and s al es t o pr oduct i on as or t hi s s how n i n Fi gur e 4. Tos hi ba CM C m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s det er mi ned t he i t em s needed f s ys t em bas ed on t he I SR i deas and pr opos al s gener at ed dur i ng t he D M ’ g concept cl ar i f i cat i on m eet i ng.They r ecogni zed t hatone r equi r em entw as us ef ult ool sf or s ol vi ng com pl i cat ed deci s i ons and def i ned cr eat i ng us ef ulD M T as a goalf or a j oi ntr es ear ch pr oj ect .They anal yzed w her eDM T w oul d be r equi r ed i nt he s eam l es s pr oduct i on s ys t em and des i gned t he bas i cl ogi c of D M T. Thi s s t ep hel ped t he I SR r es ear cher s cons i derhow t hei rt echnol ogi es and m et hods appl i ed t ot he t ar get s oft he j oi ntr es ear ch candi dat e pr oj ect . he D M T i dent i f i ed as “A dvanced Avai l abl e To Fi nal l y,CM C and I SR agr eed t oj oi nt l yr es ear ch t Pr om i s e( AATP) ”[ 13,14] .The s econd year f ol l ow on pr oj ect w as t i t l ed “Pr oduct i on Capabi l i t y Pl anni ng ( PCP) ”[ 15] and t he year t hr ee pr oj ectw as “Pr oduct i on Loadi ng” [ 16] .A l lt hr ee have pr oduced us ef ulr es ul t sf orTos hi ba CM C.
es Pl anni ng Sal
( H ead quar t er s)
Show i ng Pr oduct i on C apabi l i t y
Pl anni ng Pl anni ng Syst em Syst em
Pr oduct i on
( C apt i ve f act or y and af f i l i at ed pl ant )
A dvanced A TP
Pr oduct i on C apabi l i t y
R ealt i m e due dat e pr om i si ng
M MR RP P
D em and,For ecast
m on t ue w ed t hu
M er i al Mat at er i al Syst em Syst em
f r i
Pr oduct i on C apabi l i t y Pl anni ng ( PC P)
FAT R equest Pr oduct i on Or der
M ES
Suppl i er
Pr ocur em entst at us, M at er i ali nvent or y Fact or y capaci t y
Pr oduct i on Loadi ng
Fi gur e 4
eci s i on M aki ng Tool sf orSeam l es s Pr oduct i on
Tabl e 2:A ppr oaches and appl i cat i ons f ordef i ni ng s ui t abl er es ear ch t ar get s Challenges to Approaches for Applications at CMC and ISR collaborations overcoming the issues CMC introduces the Digital Manufacturing concept and stimulates feedback from faculty which allows CMC to propose candidate joint research themes Clarifying the concept Defining suitable and goals to define the research targets Clarification of the joint research themes of joint research goals was achieved through the Seamless Production System theme, a component of the Digital Manufacturing framework.
??STR O N G A N D C O N TI NUO US CO M M UNI C ATI O N S BETW EEN M A U FA C TU R I NG EN G I N EER S A N D R ESEA R C H ER S U ni ver s i t y r es ear cher s t ypi cal l y devel op m odel s and al gor i t hm s t hat des cr i be det ai l ed f undam ent alphenom ena and m et hods i n addi t i on t os peci f i c appl i cat i ons .G ener al i zed phenom ena and m et hods ar e us ef ul f or w i del y appl yi ng t he r es ul t s of t he w or k. H ow ever ,t he m odel s and i vi t i es ar e di f f i cul tt o us e di r ect l yi n act ual m anuf act ur i ng al gor i t hm s of m any j oi nt r es ear ch act act i vi t i es becaus e uni ver s i t yr es ear cher st ypi cal l y do not under s t and al lt he neces s ar y det ai l s of i ndus t r i al m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy. Thi s cr eat es a need f or s i gni f i cant i m pr ovem ent of t he r es ear ch r es ul t s atm anuf act ur i ng com pani es pr i ort o ut i l i zat i on. St r ong and cont i nuous com m uni cat i ons bet w een i ndus t r i al m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s and uni ver s i t yr es ear cher si s neces s ar yt o over com e t hi s pr obl em .M anuf act ur i ng engi neer s know t he act ualcom pl exi t y and det ai l s of m anuf act ur i ng act i vi t i es ,and t hey can des cr i be t hes et of acul t ys o es ear ch can encom pas st hes ef act or s as t hey devel op t hei rm odel s and al gor i t hm s . t he j oi ntr I n t hi s s ect i on w e s how m anagem ent appr oaches f or devel opi ng an envi r onm ent w her e m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s oft he com pany and uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s can com m uni cat es t r ongl y and cont i nuous l y. O ne of t hes e appr oaches i nvol ves bui l di ng r el at i ons hi ps by m aki ng a par t ner s hi p cont r act .The ot her appr oach i ncl udes s endi ng m anuf act ur i ng engi neer st o uni ver s i t yl abor at or i es f orf acet of ace com m uni cat i ons w i t h uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s[ 7] . A s des cr i bed i ns ect i ons 2. B. and 3. A. ,s ever al ext ended m eet i ngs and di s cus s i ons w er e hel d uni t i es bet w een Tos hi ba CM C s t af f and I SR f acul t y and adm i ni s t r at i on t oi dent i f ys peci f i c oppor t f or j oi nt col l abor at i on. Fol l ow i ng t he I SR pr oces sf or f or mi ng par t ner s hi ps des cr i bed i ns ect i on 2. A. ,i tw as t hen appr opr i at et os el ectt he bes tbus i nes s vehi cl et oi m pl em entt he par t ner s hi p. I SR pr opos ed,and Tos hi ba CM C agr eed,t o par t ner w i t hI SR as a Sus t ai ni ng M em ber i nI SR’ s ndus t r i al A f f i l i at es Pr ogr am . Thi s vehi cl e put sa s t r ong bus i nes s agr eem ent i n pl ace. The I agr eem entdef i nes t he t er m s and condi t i ons of m em ber s hi p,t he annualdues am ount ,and des cr i bes t he pr oces s and r i ght sf or publ i cat i ons and i nt el l ect ual pr oper t yr es ul t i ng f r om t he j oi nt r es ear ch. Thi st ook cons i der abl et i met o com pl et e,butt hr ough a dedi cat ed ef f or t ,pl us f l exi bi l i t yf r om bot h Tos hi ba and t he uni ver s i t y( w or ki ng w i t hi nt hei row n cons t r ai nt s ) ,pl us r eas onabl enes s and f ai r nes s
dur i ng t he bus i nes s agr eem entnegot i at i ons ,w e w er e abl et os ucces s f ul l y accom pl i s ht hi st as k. A por t i on of t he m em ber s hi p dues ar e al l ocat ed t ot he s peci f i cj oi ntr es ear ch pr oj ect s .A pl an w as or col l abor at i ve r es ear ch and t os end Tos hi ba cr eat ed t oi dent i f yt wo t ot hr ee key ar eas per year f m anuf act ur i ng engi neer st o w or ki nI SR r es ear ch gr oups f or per i ods of 612 m ont hs i n each of t hes e ar eas . Tw o Vi s i t i ng Sci ent i s t Tos hi ba engi neer s ar e w or ki ng i n I SR at m os tt i m es . Thes e Vi s i t i ng Sci ent i s t s m ai nt ai nr egul arcont actw i t ht hei rTos hi ba CM C m anagem ent ,w hi l e w or ki ng as f ul land val ued m em ber s of t hei rr es pect i ve I SR f acul t yr es ear ch gr oups . The Vi s i t i ng Sci ent i s t vehi cl e pr ovi des dai l y oppor t uni t i es f or cont i nuous and s t r ong com m uni cat i on, al l ow i ng t he i ndus t r i al i vi t i es s ot he f acul t y m anuf act ur i ng engi neert of ul l y des cr i be t he key el em ent s ofm anuf act ur i ng act can i ncor por at et hes ei t em s i nt ot he r es ear ch pr oj ect .I tal s o pr ovi des an envi r onm entt o under s t and each ot her bet t er , w hi ch l eads t oi dent i f yi ng addi t i onal r es ear ch pr oj ect st hat addr es sr eal w or l d i s s ues and ar ei nt el l ect ual l ys t i m ul at i ng t o uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s . Technol ogy t r ans f er i s a cont i nual pr oces s . The act i ve engagem ent and hos t i ng of Vi s i t i ng Sci ent i s t s atI SR i ncr eas es t he pr obabi l i t y of devel opi ng us ef ulr es ear ch r es ul t s ,pr ovi des a s t r ong t si n Tos hi ba appl i cat i ons ,and s uppor t s m or er api d vehi cl et o ens ur et he us e of t he r es ear ch r es ul t echnol ogy t r ans f er . Tabl e 3:A ppr oaches and appl i cat i ons f orobt ai ni ng pr act i calr es ear ch r es ul t s Challenges to Approaches for Applications at CMC and ISR collaborations overcoming the issues
Difficulty of obtaining practical research results Strong and continuous communications between manufacturing engineers and researchers Environment developed where CMC engineers and ISR researchers can have continual face-to-face interactions (Visiting Scientist Program and contract)
5.SU M M A RY & C O N C LU SIO N Thi s paper f ocus ed on t he i s s ue t hat i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i ons do not al w ays obt ai nt he ant i ci pat ed r es ul t s becaus e of t he m any chal l enges t o s ucces s . Succes s f ul i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i ons bet w een Tos hi ba and t he U ni ver s i t y of M ar yl and w er e dem ons t r at ed by adopt i ng t hr ee key f eat ur es :i nt er di s ci pl i nar y or gani zat i on of I SR w i t hi n t he U ni ver s i t y f or f i ndi ng appr opr i at er es ear cher s , cl ar i f yi ng t he concept and goal st o def i ne ef f ect i ve t hem es f or j oi nt r es ear ch, and s t r ong and cont i nuous com m uni cat i on bet w een m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s and r es ear cher s . ndi ng I nt he f i r s tf eat ur e, t he i nt er di s ci pl i nar y or gani zat i on of I SR w i t hi nt he U ni ver s i t yf or f i appr opr i at er es ear cher s w as des cr i bed.The exi s t ence of t he I SR dedi cat ed s t af f m em ber di d m uch t o cat al yze and f aci l i t at et he par t ner s hi p.I tw as es peci al l y hel pf ulf or t he m anuf act ur i ng com pany aldi f f er entdi s ci pl i nes w i t hi nt he U ni ver s i t y. t o m eetw i t ht he bes tr es ear cher sf r om s ever The s econd f eat ur e,cl ar i f yi ng t he conceptand goal st o def i ne ef f ect i ve t hem es f or j oi ntr es ear ch, he m anuf act ur i ng com pany had t wo s t eps .The f i r s ts t ep w as cl ar i f yi ng t he conceptas a s t r at egy oft f or s t i m ul at i ng i deas f r om uni ver s i t y r es ear cher s . Tos hi ba CM C s ucceeded i n t r i gger i ng t he
cr eat i vi t y of I SR f acul t y by i nt r oduci ng t he concept of “D i gi t al m anuf act ur i ng” as t hei r new s t r at egy f or m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogi es . CM C obt ai ned s ever al us ef ul i deas w hi ch l ed t ot he gener at i on of t he candi dat es f or j oi nt r es ear ch. The s econd s t ep w as t o cl ar i f yt he j oi nt r es ear ch t ar get s ,t o hel pt he uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s cons i der how t hei rt echnol ogi es and m et hods coul d be appl i ed t ot hes e goal s . The s ucces s f ulappl i cat i on of t hi s m et hod w as dem ons t r at ed t hr ough t he t hem e of a “s eam l es s pr oduct i on s ys t em , ” a com ponent i nt he di gi t al m anuf act ur i ng f r am ew or k. Tos hi ba CM C and I SR det er mi ned appr opr i at et hem es f or j oi ntr es ear ch pr oj ect s by adopt i ng t hi s f eat ur e. zed s t r ong and cont i nuous com m uni cat i ons bet w een m anuf act ur i ng The t hi r df eat ur e em phas i engi neer s and r es ear cher s . D evel opi ng an envi r onm ent w her e m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s and uni ver s i t y r es ear cher s coul d hol d f acet of ace com m uni cat i ons w as accom pl i s hed t hr ough devel opi ng a par t ner s hi p cont r act and al l ow i ng m anuf act ur i ng engi neer st o w or k dai l yi nI SR r es ear ch gr oups f orext ended per i ods oft i m e. i nuous com m uni cat i ons hel ped over com e t he i s s ue t hatt he r es ul t s of m any j oi nt St r ong and cont r es ear ch pr oj ect s ar e di f f i cul tt o us e di r ect l yi n act ual m anuf act ur i ng act i vi t i es . Thi s appr oach al l ow ed i ndus t r i al m anuf act ur i ng engi neer st of ul l y des cr i be t he key el em ent s of m anuf act ur i ng act i vi t i es ,s ot he f acul t y coul di ncor por at et hes ei t em s i nt ot he r es ear ch pr oj ect s .The out putw as t he appl i cat i on oft he j oi ntr es ear ch r es ul t si nt o Tos hi ba act ualm anuf act ur i ng s ys t em s i n as hor tper i od oft i m e. ze s ucces s es i ni ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i ons becaus e oft he di f f er ences I ti s noteas yt or eal i i nt he pur pos es of uni ver s i t i es and m anuf act ur i ng com pani es .The gr eat es tbenef i tcan be achi eved t hr ough i nt egr at i ng advanced t echnol ogi es devel oped i n uni ver s i t i es w i t h t he l ar ge var i et y of ur i ng s ys t em .The f eat ur es pr es ent ed i nt hi s paperar e us ef ult echnol ogy t echnol ogi es i n a m anuf act m anagem entm et hods t hathel p achi eve s ucces s f ulpar t ner s hi ps .
R EFR EN C ES [ 1]N i w a,K .and Yam ada,H . ,Technol ogy M anagem entSt r at egy,Sei s ans eiPubl i s hi ng,1999 ( i nJ apanes e) . ver s i t y Cooper at i on,N i kkeiBP Publ i s hi ng,2003( i nJ apanes e) . [ 2]N i s hi m ur a,Y. ,I ndus t r yU ni [ 3]N i s hi o,K . ,“Cons t r uct i on ofa M echani s m f orPr om ot i ng Com m er ci al i zat i on ofRes ear ch Res ul t sf r om U ni ver s i t i es i nJ apan”,Econom i c Revi ew 2001. 1,pp. 6483,2001( i nJ apanes e) . ndus t r yU ni ver s i t y Cooper at i on i nJ apan”,RI TEIPol i cy D i s cus s i on Paper [ 4]H ar ayam a,Y. ,“I Ser i es 04P001,2003( i nJ apanes e) . [ 5]N i s hi m ur a,H . ,“I s s ues ofTechnol ogy D evel opm entand I ndus t r yU ni ver s i t y Cooper at i on”, The J apan Res ear ch and D evel opm entCent erf orM et al s N o. 185,2002( i nJ apanes e) [ 6]N SF Engi neer i ng Res ear ch Cent erw eb s i t e; ht t p: / / w w w. ns f . gov/ f undi ng/ pgm _s um m . j s p?pi ms _i d=5502& or g=EEC [ 7]A bs her ,M . ,Br yer s ,J . ,Cos t er t on,W . ,etal . ,aut hor i ng com m i t t ee,“ERC Bes tPr act i ces M anual ; A Col l abor at i ve Pr oductoft he N SF Engi neer i ng Res ear ch Cent er s ”;Chapt er5 I ndus t r i al t p: / / w w w. er cas s oc. or g/ m anual / bp_i ndex. ht m Col l abor at i on and Technol ogy Tr ans f er ;1998;ht [ 8]H ar ber t ,T. ,“I n Sear ch ofPar t nerf orPos s i bl e LongTer m Rel at i ons hi p”;El ect r oni c Bus i nes s
m agazi ne;pp.5868;J ul y 2004. [ 9]D ei t er ,J . S. ,“Par t ner s hi pI nt er m edi ar y A gr eem ent s ”;Feder alLabor at or y Cons or t i um Mi dAt l ant i c Regi onalM eet i ng Pr oceedi ngs ;Sept em ber1416,2004; ht t p: / / w w w. f eder al l abs . or g/ Cont ent O bj ect s / Event s / Sept em ber _2004_M i dAt l ant i c_Regi onal _ M eet i ng/ W ednes day/ D ei t er _2_PI A. pdf [ 10]I ns t i t ut ef orSys t em s Res ear ch,U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and w eb s i t e; ht t p: / / w w w. i s r . um d. edu/ I SR/ H P. ht m [ 11]H as s el m o,N . ,M cK i nnel l ,H . ,cochai r s oft he Res ear ch Col l abor at i on I ni t i at i ve f or“W or ki ng Toget her ,Cr eat i ng K now l edge:The U ni ver s i t yI ndus t r y Res ear ch Col l abor at i on I ni t i at i ve”; ngt oget her . pdf ?pubI D =230 2001;ht t p: / / w w w. vi s i ons 2020. gov/ Repor t s / BH EF/ 2001_w or ki [ 12] Sei no, T. ,I keda, Y. , Ki nos hi t a, M . , et al . , “The I m pact of D i gi t al M anuf act ur i ng on Technol ogy M anagem ent ”,Pr oceedi ngs Vol .1.PI CM ET’ 01,pp.3132,O r egon,U SA ,2001. t i St age [ 13]K ot ake,M . ,Zhao,Z. ,Bal l ,M . ,“O pt i mi zat i onBas ed Avai l abl eToPr om i s ewi t h M ul Res our ce Avai l abi l i t y”,A nnal s ofO per at i ons Res ear ch, 2005. [ 14]Shi r as u,Y. ,K ot ake,M . ,Bal l ,M . ,Zhao,Z. ,“Tos hi ba A dvanced ATP and I t sA ppl i cat i on”, Pos t eratTECH 2004,U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and,M ar ch 19,2004. ,“O pt i mi zat i onbas ed Pr oduct i on Capabi l i t y Pl anni ng and Pr oduct i on Loadi ng”, [ 15]Shi r as u,Y. Sem i naratR. H .Sm i t h SchoolofBus i nes s ,U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and,N ovem ber13,2003. i mi zat i onBas ed Pr oduct i on [ 16]M i zus aw a,H . ,Shi r as u,Y. ,Bal l ,M . ,Zhao,Z. ,“A ppl i cat i on ofO pt Loadi ng atTos hi ba Cor por at i on”;Pos t eratTECH 2004,U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and,M ar ch 19, 2004.
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Collaboration is working with each other to do a task.[1] It is a recursive[2] process where two or more people or organizations work together to realize shared goals, (this is more than the intersection of common goals seen in co-operative ventures, but a deep, collective, determination to reach an identical objective
TECHNICAL RESEARCH REPORT
Successful Industry-University Collaborations in Manufacturing Technology
by Takehisa Seino and Jeffrey A. Coriale
TR 2005-99
ISR develops, applies and teaches advanced methodologies of design and analysis to solve complex, hierarchical, heterogeneous and dynamic problems of engineering technology and systems for industry and government. ISR is a permanent institute of the University of Maryland, within the Glenn L. Martin Institute of Technology/A. James Clark School of Engineering. It is a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center. Web sitehttp://www.isr.umd.edu
I R
INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS RESEARCH
Succes s f ulI ndus t ryU ni vers i t y C ol l aborat i ons i n M anuf act uri ng Technol ogy Takehi s a Sei no1 and J ef f r ey A .Cor i al e2 1 Cor por at e M anuf act ur i ng Engi neer i ng Cent er ,Tos hi ba Cor por at i on,J apan 2I ns t i t ut ef orSys t em s Res ear ch,U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and,U SA act uri ng com pani es have i ndependent l y A bs t ract - H i s t ori cal l y, m any Japanes e m anuf devel oped m anuf act uri ng t echnol ogi es s uch as advanced proces s es and equi pm ent ,m et hods of anal yzi ng m anuf act uri ng phenom ena, and product i on m anagem ent and qual i t y cont rol s ys t em s ,w hi ch m ai nt ai nt he com pet i t i venes s ofproductdevel opm entand product i on.M os tof t hes e com pani es are begi nni ng t o recogni ze t he i m port ance ofcol l aborat i ng w i t h uni vers i t i es , w here advanced t echnol ogi es and m et hodol ogi es are res earched, as a w ay t o adapt t ot he s hort l eadt i m e requi rem ent sf or res earch and devel opm ent i n m anuf act uri ng t echnol ogy. Becaus e oft he m any chal l enges t ot he s ucces s ofj oi ntres earch,t he ant i ci pat ed res ul t s are not al w ays obt ai ned.I nt hi s paper ,key f act ors f or t he s ucces s ofi ndus t ryuni vers i t y col l aborat i on i nt he m anuf act uri ng t echnol ogy f i el d are di s cus s ed by dem ons t rat i ng act uals ucces s f ulcas es carri ed outby Tos hi ba and t he U ni vers i t y ofM aryl and.
??I N TR O D U C TI ON I nJ apan’ s hi ghgr ow t h er a,m any J apanes e m anuf act ur i ng i ndus t r i es i nt r oduced t echnol ogi es f or Thes ei ndus t r i es pr oduct devel opm ent f r om advanced com pani es i n Eur ope and t he U . S. ?1?. ef f i ci ent l yr eal i zed and pr oduced new pr oduct s by devel opi ng m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogi es s uch as advanced m anuf act ur i ng pr oces s es and equi pm ent , m et hods of anal yzi ng m anuf act ur i ng phenom ena,pr oduct i on m anagem entand qual i t y cont r ols ys t em s .The com pani es gr ew as a r es ul t . l y. J apanes e com pani es Hi s t or i cal l y, t hes e t echnol ogi es have been devel oped i ndependent bel i eved m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogi es w er e one ofJ apan’ ss t r engt hs ,and t hatby devel opi ng t hem on t hei row n t hey w oul d m ai nt ai n pr oductdevel opm entand pr oduct i on com pet i t i venes s . H ow ever ,t oday m os t of t hes e com pani es ar e begi nni ng t o r ecogni ze t he i m por t ance of i es t hatr es ear ch advanced t echnol ogi es and m et hodol ogi es as a w ay t o col l abor at i ng w i t h uni ver s i t adaptt ot he s hor tl eadt i m e R& D r equi r em ent si nt hi s ar ea. Becaus e of m any chal l enges t ot he s ucces s of j oi nt r es ear ch, t he ant i ci pat ed r es ul t s ar e not opr i at er es ear cher s or l abor at or i es al w ays obt ai ned.O ne chal l enge i st he di f f i cul t y of f i ndi ng appr wi t hi n a uni ver s i t y.A not her i s def i ni ng s ui t abl er es ear ch t ar get s .M any m anuf act ur i ng com pani es ar e not s uf f i ci ent l yt aki ng advant age of t he exper t i s e and know l edge of uni ver s i t yr es ear cher st o as s i s ti n det er mi ni ng s ui t abl et hem es f or j oi nt r es ear ch.I ns t ead,j oi nt r es ear ch t hem es t end t o be det er mi ned f r om i deas concei ved by m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s .A t hi r d chal l enge i nvol ves t he di f f i cul t y of obt ai ni ng pr act i cal r es ear ch r es ul t s .U ni ver s i t yr es ear cher s ar e exper t si n m odel and al gor i t hm devel opm ent , but t ypi cal l y do not under s t and t he det ai l s of i ndus t r i al m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy.Ther ef or et he m odel s and al gor i t hm s t hey devel op do notencom pas s al lt he neces s ar y f act or s needed f or t he r es ul t st o be r eadi l y us ef uli n a m anuf act ur i ng envi r onm ent .A s a r es ul t ,t he t s m anuf act ur i ng com pany of t en needs t o s pend addi t i onal ef f or t m odi f yi ng t he r es ear ch r es ul bef or et hey can be us ed. M any r es ear ch s t udi es r egar di ng i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i on w er er epor t ed i nJ apan f r om
var i ous vi ew poi nt s ,i ncl udi ng t he r ol e of t he uni ver s i t y,TLO ( Technol ogy Li cens e Or gani zat i on) , ent r epr eneur s hi p, cont r act , and i nt el l ect ual pr oper t y [ 2] [ 5] . H ow ever , concr et e m anagem ent appr oaches f or t he i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i on f r om t he vi ew poi nt of m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogi es m anagem entw er e notdi s cus s ed enough i nt hes er es ear ch s t udi es . I nt hi s paper ,t hr ee key f eat ur es f or s ucces s of i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y cooper at i on i n m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy ar e di s cus s ed by dem ons t r at i ng act ual s ucces s f ul cas es car r i ed out by t he Cor por at e t ut ef or M anuf act ur i ng Engi neer i ng Cent er ( CM C) of Tos hi ba Cor por at i on ( Tos hi ba) and t he I ns t i Sys t em s Res ear ch ( I SR)oft he U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and ( UM D) .The f eat ur es ar e: ( 1) The w ay t he i nt er di s ci pl i nar y or gani zat i on of t he I SR w i t hi nt he U ni ver s i t yf aci l i t at es f i ndi ng appr opr i at er es ear cher s ; s and goal s ar e cl ar i f i ed t o def i ne ef f ect i ve t hem es f orj oi ntr es ear ch;and ( 2)H ow concept ( 3)The s t r ong and cont i nuous com m uni cat i ons bet w een m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s and r es ear cher s
??H O W I SR ’ SI N TER D I SC I PLI N A RY O R G A N IZATI ON W I TH I N TH E U N I V ER SI TY FA C I LI TATES FI NDI N G A PPR O PR I ATE R ESEA R C H ER S W hen t hey s ear ch f or s ui t abl e uni ver s i t i es f or j oi ntr es ear ch,m anuf act ur i ng com pani es t ypi cal l y cont act peopl et hey know f r om pr evi ous or pr eexi s t i ng r el at i ons hi ps or i nves t i gat ei nf or m at i on f ound i n uni ver s i t ypubl i s hed paper s ,r epor t s or w eb pages .O nce a pot ent i aluni ver s i t y par t ner i s ti s ver yi m por t ant f or t he m anuf act ur er t o be abl et o connect w i t ht he appr opr i at e i dent i f i ed, i r es ear cher s .D i al ogue and negot i at i on ar e needed t o es t abl i s h cr uci al t i m e and r es ul t par am et er s t hat w i l l benef i tt he com pany. H ow ever , com pani es t ypi cal l y f i nd i t di f f i cul tt o m eet t he rl abor at or i es . appr opr i at er es ear cher s orvi s i tt hei I nt hi ss ect i on, I SR’ si nt er di s ci pl i nar y or gani zat i on i s pr es ent ed as a w ay t of aci l i t at ef i ndi ng appr opr i at er es ear cher s .W e w i l ldem ons t r at eI SR’ s act i vi t i es ,begi nni ng w i t hi t si ni t i alcont actw i t h Tos hi ba. s ci pl i nar y or gani z at i on ofI SR A.I nt er di I SR began i n 1985 as a N at i onal Sci ence Foundat i on Engi neer i ng Res ear ch Cent er [ 6] .I SR com pl et ed i t sf ul lf undi ng cycl e( 11 year s ) ,gai ned uni ver s i t yi ns t i t ut es t at us al ong t he w ay,and i s di s ci pl i nar y now f ul l y s el f s uppor t i ng. I SR’ s uni que s ys t em s engi neer i ng envi r onm ent of i nt er r es ear ch i s com pos ed ofr es ear cher sf r om f i ve col l eges and 11 uni t s acr os s cam pus ,al l ow i ng I SR t o br i ng t oget hera w i de var i et y oft eam s t hatcan addr es st he needs ofcom pani es . k on t opi cs ofs t r at egi c pr i or i t yt o I SR’ si ndus t r y par t ner s hi ps t r at egy s eeks m ut ualbenef i tand w or bot h par t i es .I SR pr es ent l y w or ks w i t h about 35 com pani es on a var i et y of t opi cs . H ow ever ,i t em phas i zes deeperand br oaderpar t ner s hi ps w i t h as el ects etofcom pani es w el lal i gned w i t hI SR t o benef i tf r om hi ghl y cr os s di s ci pl i nar y,s ys t em s or i ent ed R& D . I SR s uppor t st hi ss t r at egy by em pl oyi ng a pr oces s of1)under s t andi ng t he cus t om er[ W hatar et he cus t om er ’ s needs ,i nt er es t s and or gani zat i on? W hatdo bot hf acul t y and t he com pany w ant ? W her e t i ng t he r i ghtpeopl et oget her t o def i ne t he par t ner s hi p ar et he col l abor at i on oppor t uni t i es ?] ;2) get and col l abor at i on oppor t uni t i es ,i ncl udi ng cos t s ; and 3) s el ect i ng t he bes t bus i nes s vehi cl et o i m pl em entt he par t ner s hi p. I n addi t i on t o t hi s pr oces s ,I SR’ ss t r uct ur al as pect s hel p i ndus t r i al par t ner s hi ps t o becom e i s hed.A cr i t i calcom ponenti st o have a s t af f pos i t i on dedi cat ed t o bui l di ng r el at i ons hi ps ,as es t abl
ot her have al s o obs er ved [ 7] [ 9] . Thi ss t af f m em ber cat al yzes ,f aci l i t at es and i nt egr at es al lt he neces s ar y el em ent s and w or ks t o under s t and t he needs of com pani es .I n col l abor at i on w i t hI SR’ s Di r ect or ,t he s t af f m em ber i dent i f i es t he m os tappr opr i at eI SR r es ear cher s acr os st he cam pus as i on.Thi si s a w el com e s our ce of coor di nat i on f or bot h com pani es and t he candi dat es f or col l abor at f acul t y,as s i s t i ng t o cr eat e par t ner s hi ps on t opi cs of m ut uali nt er es t .The s t af fm em ber pr ovi des a , “one s t op s hoppi ng” s er vi ce f orbot ht he com pany and t he f acul t y and w or ks acr os st echni cal ,l egal and bus i nes s dom ai ns .The s t af fm em beri nvol ves t he appr opr i at ef acul t y;uni ver s i t y adm i ni s t r at i on and l egals t af f ;and i ndus t r yt echni cals t af f and m anagem entas needed i n or der t o hel pf or m and m ai nt ai nt he par t ner s hi p.Fi gur e 1 pi ct or i al l ys how s t hes er el at i ons hi ps and i nt er act i ons .
gur e1 Fi
B.Appl i cat i on t oi ni t i alcont actf r om Tos hi ba CM C Tos hi ba CM C s er ves a gr oup of bus i nes s and pr oduct uni t si nt he com pany.Recogni zi ng t hat Tos hi ba i sat echnol ogycent r i c, har dw ar ei nt ens i ve cul t ur e, CM C m ade a s t r at egi c deci s i on t o under s t and and adopt m or e i nf or m at i oncent r i c appr oaches t o t echnol ogy devel opm ent and par t i cul ar l yt o m anuf act ur i ng s ys t em s .To br oaden i t s per s pect i ve i ni nf or m at i on and s ys t em s ar eas , CM C s ought ext er nal par t ner s , par t i cul ar l y uni ver s i t y r es ear ch gr oups w i t h i ns i ght i nt o s ys t em s ai ded m anuf act ur i ng s ys t em s . Tos hi ba CM C cont act ed t he U ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and i nt he s um m erof2000 t hr ough a pr eexi s t i ng a CM C l eaderhad been a s t udentofU ni ver s i t y ofM ar yl and Pr es i dentC. D .M ot e) . r el at i ons hi p( Fr om t hi si ni t i alcont act ,I SR w as cl ear l yi dent i f i ed as a r epos i t or yf or cr os s di s ci pl i nar ys ys t em s r es ear ch and engi neer i ng s ki l l s and t hei r appl i cat i on t o m anuf act ur i ng [ 10] .CM C deci ded t o hol d m ul t i day m eet i ngs w i t hI SR f or di s cus s i ons of t he s al i entconcept s ,s cope,and r es ear ch exper t i s e needed t of or m ul at e and i m pl em entkey com ponent s of i t ss t r at egy.I SR’ s dedi cat ed s t af fm em ber i mi zat i on, gat her ed f acul t y w hos er es ear ch encom pas s ed ar eas s uch as oper at i ons r es ear ch, opt m odel i ng and s i m ul at i on, s ens i ng and cont r ol , and s of t w ar e engi neer i ng. Thes e f acul t y had exper i ence i n appl yi ng t hei rr es ear ch t o el ect r oni cs m anuf act ur i ng,m anuf act ur i ng l ogi s t i cs ,cont r ol s ys t em s ,and chem i cal engi neer i ng.Thi si nt er act i on w as a s uper b oppor t uni t yt ot hi nk about and ei ns i gni f i cantdept h, s t i m ul at i ng ent hus i as m on bot hs i des al ong w i t h an evol ve a l ar ger pi ct ur appr eci at i on oft he i ndi vi dual si nvol ved. Tabl e1 s how s t he s um m ar y of t he t echnol ogy m anagem entappr oaches t hatar ei ndi cat ed i nt hi s
s ect i on. Tabl e 1:A ppr oaches and appl i cat i ons f orfinding appropriate researchers or laboratories in universities Challenges to Approaches for Applications at CMC and ISR collaborations overcoming the issues ISR dedicated staff member catalyzes and facilitates Difficulty in finding Interdisciplinary partnership appropriate researchers organization of units or laboratories in within the university CMC meets with researchers from universities different disciplines within the university
??C LA R I FY I N G TH E C O N C EPT A N D G O A LS TO D EFI N E TH E TH EM ES O F JO I NT R ESEA R C H The s econd f eat ur e of s ucces s f ul i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i ons i st o cl ar i f yt he concept and goal s and def i ne j oi nt r es ear ch t hem es . A gai n, w e w i l l des cr i be t he act ual act i vi t i es of Tos hi ba CM C and U M d’ sI SR.W e begi n by di s cus s i ng t he needs ofm anuf act ur i ng i ndus t r i es . act ur i ng t echnol ogy i sa f i el d of pr oces si nnovat i on, i ts houl d us e var i ous Becaus e m anuf t echnol ogi es and appr oaches t os ol ve i s s ues i n pr oduct devel opm ent and pr oduct i on. H ow ever , m anuf act ur i ng i ndus t r i es t end t o det er mi ne j oi ntr es ear ch t hem es bas ed on i deas concei ved s ol el y by m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s . Becaus e t he m ai n mi s s i on of m anuf act ur i ng engi neer si nvol ves devel opi ng and pr oduci ng hi ghqual i t y pr oduct s ata l ow cos tand w i t h hi gh pr oduct i vi t y,t hey t end t ot hi nk about i m por t ant pr oces s es , appr oaches ,s ys t em s and equi pm ent w hi ch coul di m pr ove m anuf act ur abi l i t y or pr oduct per f or m ance, r educe cos t , or pr ovi de s om e com bi nat i on of t hes e f act or s . Thi si ndependent appr oach of def i ni ng j oi nt r es ear ch t hem es bas ed s ol el y upon t he m anuf act ur i ng engi neer ’ s per s pect i ve does notbr i ng t he gr eat es tbenef i tt ot he com pany. I ndus t r yuni ver s i t y cooper at i on al l ow s bot hs i des t os har e know l edge and exper i ence. For t he oj ect st hatbot h m eett he par t ner s hi pt o be s ucces s f ul ,i ti si m por t antatt he out s ett oj oi nt l y def i ne pr needs oft he com pany and ar ei nt el l ect ual l ys t i m ul at i ng t of acul t y[ 11] . A.Cl ar i f yi ng t he conceptt o def i ne j oi ntr es ear ch pr oj ectcandi dat es Tos hi ba CM C f ound t hat cl ar i f yi ng i t s m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy concept s w as es s ent i al i n deas f r om uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s . s t i m ul at i ng i To begi n di s cus s i ons , Tos hi ba CM C i nt r oduced t hei r new “D i gi t al M anuf act ur i ng ( DM ’ g) ” m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy concept — a m et hodol ogy t hatus es expl i ci tknow l edge and i nf or m at i on t echnol ogy ( I T) t o mi ni mi ze l os s es of qual i t y, cos t and l ead t i me i n pr oduct devel opm ent and pr oduct i on [ 12] .I n t he D M ’ g f r am ew or k, s i x s ubj ect f r am es ar e def i ned t o ef f i ci ent l y appl y t echnol ogi es and m et hods t o act ualact i vi t i es . Fi gur e2 s how s w her et he s i xs ubj ectf r am es ar e appl i ed al ong t he t w o axes t or epr es entpr oduct devel opm ent and pr oduct i on w or kf l ow. Each s ubj ect f r am e connect ss equent i al pr oces s es al ong he t w o axes w i t h di gi t aldat a and i nf or m at i on.A f t eri nt r oduci ng t hi s conceptand i t sf r am ew or kt o t I SR f acul t y,Tos hi ba CM C expl ai ned t he t echnol ogi es and s ys t em s of each s ubj ectf r am e cur r ent l y i n devel opm ent .
Af t erext ens i ve di s cus s i on,I SR f acul t y pr opos ed a r evi s ed D M ’ gf r am ew or k( Fi gur e 3)and us ef ul t echnol ogy bas ed on t hei rr es ear ch,i ncl udi ng w eb appl i cat i ons ,deci s i onm aki ng t ool s( D M T) and vi s ual i zat i on t ool s . es ear ch t hatw oul df i tt he Thi sr es ul t ed i n Tos hi ba CM C pr opos i ng s om e candi dat es f orj oi ntr pr opos al s and i deas gener at ed by t he I SR f acul t y.
D evel opm entaxi s
Productpl anni ng
Fram e1: Vi rt ualdes i gn of Product& M anuf act uri ng Vi r t ualdes i gn ofpr oces s Fram e2: Vi rt ualdes i gn of product i on l i ne Pr oduct i on l i ne des i gn Sys .
Speci f i cat i ons C onceptdes i gn D et ai l ed des i gn Proces s des i gn Prot ot ypi ng/ t es t D et ai l ed proces s des i gn Product i on l i ne cons t ruct i on
Fram e3: C ons i s t ent& col l ect i ve us e ofdi gi t ali nf o.
Par t s desi gn & Pr oduct i on s ys t em
Pr oduct i on axi s
O rder
Purchas e
Product i on
Product i on cont rol Tes t/qual i t y cont rol M ai nt enance TPM
es Logi s t i cs Sal
Fram e4: C ont rol& m anagem entof m anuf act uri ng i nf o.& qual i t y Di gi t alQ C s ys t em REA LM I CS Fram e5: R em ot e m anagem ent Rem ot e M ai nt enance Gl obalREA LM I CS Fram e6: Suppl y C hai n M anagem ent Seam l es s Pr oduct i on Sys t em
Fi gur e 2:Fr am ew or k ofD i gi t alM anuf act ur i ng
H um an K now l edge ( M ode 1)
H ow t o repres entt hi s ?
Di gi t alD at a From Sens ors ( M ode 3)
Suppl i er D at a
D evel opm ent axi s
( M ode 2) Product / Proces s Speci f i cat i ons
D. M. T.1
( ???)
D. M. T.2 ( M ode 4) D. M. T.3
Di gi t al K now l edge
Product i on axi s H ow ?
( M ode 5) and ( M ode 2) D. M. T.1 D. M. T.2 D. M. T.3
PD M
( M ode 4)
( M ode 4) Product i on Speci f i cat i ons
ER P
Fi gur e 3:Revi s ed Fr am ew or k ofD i gi t alM anuf act ur i ng
B.Cl ar i f yi ng t he goal st o det er mi ne concr et et hem es f or j oi ntr es ear ch A gr eei ng on goal si s anot heri m por t ants t ep i n det er mi ni ng a j oi ntr es ear ch t hem e.I ti s es peci al l y cr uci al t hat i s s ues i m por t ant t ot he m anuf act ur i ng com pany ar e cl ar i f i ed at t hi ss t age. H er e we ulm et hod Tos hi ba CM C and I SR us ed t o det er mi ne t he j oi ntr es ear ch t hem e of des cr i be a s ucces s f a “s eam l es s pr oduct i on s ys t em , ” w hi ch i s one of t he D M ’ gs ubj ect f r am es des cr i bed above. I t r eal i zes t he s eam l es st r ans f er of dat a and i nf or m at i on f r om pl anni ng and s al es t o pr oduct i on as or t hi s s how n i n Fi gur e 4. Tos hi ba CM C m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s det er mi ned t he i t em s needed f s ys t em bas ed on t he I SR i deas and pr opos al s gener at ed dur i ng t he D M ’ g concept cl ar i f i cat i on m eet i ng.They r ecogni zed t hatone r equi r em entw as us ef ult ool sf or s ol vi ng com pl i cat ed deci s i ons and def i ned cr eat i ng us ef ulD M T as a goalf or a j oi ntr es ear ch pr oj ect .They anal yzed w her eDM T w oul d be r equi r ed i nt he s eam l es s pr oduct i on s ys t em and des i gned t he bas i cl ogi c of D M T. Thi s s t ep hel ped t he I SR r es ear cher s cons i derhow t hei rt echnol ogi es and m et hods appl i ed t ot he t ar get s oft he j oi ntr es ear ch candi dat e pr oj ect . he D M T i dent i f i ed as “A dvanced Avai l abl e To Fi nal l y,CM C and I SR agr eed t oj oi nt l yr es ear ch t Pr om i s e( AATP) ”[ 13,14] .The s econd year f ol l ow on pr oj ect w as t i t l ed “Pr oduct i on Capabi l i t y Pl anni ng ( PCP) ”[ 15] and t he year t hr ee pr oj ectw as “Pr oduct i on Loadi ng” [ 16] .A l lt hr ee have pr oduced us ef ulr es ul t sf orTos hi ba CM C.
es Pl anni ng Sal
( H ead quar t er s)
Show i ng Pr oduct i on C apabi l i t y
Pl anni ng Pl anni ng Syst em Syst em
Pr oduct i on
( C apt i ve f act or y and af f i l i at ed pl ant )
A dvanced A TP
Pr oduct i on C apabi l i t y
R ealt i m e due dat e pr om i si ng
M MR RP P
D em and,For ecast
m on t ue w ed t hu
M er i al Mat at er i al Syst em Syst em
f r i
Pr oduct i on C apabi l i t y Pl anni ng ( PC P)
FAT R equest Pr oduct i on Or der
M ES
Suppl i er
Pr ocur em entst at us, M at er i ali nvent or y Fact or y capaci t y
Pr oduct i on Loadi ng
Fi gur e 4
eci s i on M aki ng Tool sf orSeam l es s Pr oduct i onTabl e 2:A ppr oaches and appl i cat i ons f ordef i ni ng s ui t abl er es ear ch t ar get s Challenges to Approaches for Applications at CMC and ISR collaborations overcoming the issues CMC introduces the Digital Manufacturing concept and stimulates feedback from faculty which allows CMC to propose candidate joint research themes Clarifying the concept Defining suitable and goals to define the research targets Clarification of the joint research themes of joint research goals was achieved through the Seamless Production System theme, a component of the Digital Manufacturing framework.
??STR O N G A N D C O N TI NUO US CO M M UNI C ATI O N S BETW EEN M A U FA C TU R I NG EN G I N EER S A N D R ESEA R C H ER S U ni ver s i t y r es ear cher s t ypi cal l y devel op m odel s and al gor i t hm s t hat des cr i be det ai l ed f undam ent alphenom ena and m et hods i n addi t i on t os peci f i c appl i cat i ons .G ener al i zed phenom ena and m et hods ar e us ef ul f or w i del y appl yi ng t he r es ul t s of t he w or k. H ow ever ,t he m odel s and i vi t i es ar e di f f i cul tt o us e di r ect l yi n act ual m anuf act ur i ng al gor i t hm s of m any j oi nt r es ear ch act act i vi t i es becaus e uni ver s i t yr es ear cher st ypi cal l y do not under s t and al lt he neces s ar y det ai l s of i ndus t r i al m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogy. Thi s cr eat es a need f or s i gni f i cant i m pr ovem ent of t he r es ear ch r es ul t s atm anuf act ur i ng com pani es pr i ort o ut i l i zat i on. St r ong and cont i nuous com m uni cat i ons bet w een i ndus t r i al m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s and uni ver s i t yr es ear cher si s neces s ar yt o over com e t hi s pr obl em .M anuf act ur i ng engi neer s know t he act ualcom pl exi t y and det ai l s of m anuf act ur i ng act i vi t i es ,and t hey can des cr i be t hes et of acul t ys o es ear ch can encom pas st hes ef act or s as t hey devel op t hei rm odel s and al gor i t hm s . t he j oi ntr I n t hi s s ect i on w e s how m anagem ent appr oaches f or devel opi ng an envi r onm ent w her e m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s oft he com pany and uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s can com m uni cat es t r ongl y and cont i nuous l y. O ne of t hes e appr oaches i nvol ves bui l di ng r el at i ons hi ps by m aki ng a par t ner s hi p cont r act .The ot her appr oach i ncl udes s endi ng m anuf act ur i ng engi neer st o uni ver s i t yl abor at or i es f orf acet of ace com m uni cat i ons w i t h uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s[ 7] . A s des cr i bed i ns ect i ons 2. B. and 3. A. ,s ever al ext ended m eet i ngs and di s cus s i ons w er e hel d uni t i es bet w een Tos hi ba CM C s t af f and I SR f acul t y and adm i ni s t r at i on t oi dent i f ys peci f i c oppor t f or j oi nt col l abor at i on. Fol l ow i ng t he I SR pr oces sf or f or mi ng par t ner s hi ps des cr i bed i ns ect i on 2. A. ,i tw as t hen appr opr i at et os el ectt he bes tbus i nes s vehi cl et oi m pl em entt he par t ner s hi p. I SR pr opos ed,and Tos hi ba CM C agr eed,t o par t ner w i t hI SR as a Sus t ai ni ng M em ber i nI SR’ s ndus t r i al A f f i l i at es Pr ogr am . Thi s vehi cl e put sa s t r ong bus i nes s agr eem ent i n pl ace. The I agr eem entdef i nes t he t er m s and condi t i ons of m em ber s hi p,t he annualdues am ount ,and des cr i bes t he pr oces s and r i ght sf or publ i cat i ons and i nt el l ect ual pr oper t yr es ul t i ng f r om t he j oi nt r es ear ch. Thi st ook cons i der abl et i met o com pl et e,butt hr ough a dedi cat ed ef f or t ,pl us f l exi bi l i t yf r om bot h Tos hi ba and t he uni ver s i t y( w or ki ng w i t hi nt hei row n cons t r ai nt s ) ,pl us r eas onabl enes s and f ai r nes s
dur i ng t he bus i nes s agr eem entnegot i at i ons ,w e w er e abl et os ucces s f ul l y accom pl i s ht hi st as k. A por t i on of t he m em ber s hi p dues ar e al l ocat ed t ot he s peci f i cj oi ntr es ear ch pr oj ect s .A pl an w as or col l abor at i ve r es ear ch and t os end Tos hi ba cr eat ed t oi dent i f yt wo t ot hr ee key ar eas per year f m anuf act ur i ng engi neer st o w or ki nI SR r es ear ch gr oups f or per i ods of 612 m ont hs i n each of t hes e ar eas . Tw o Vi s i t i ng Sci ent i s t Tos hi ba engi neer s ar e w or ki ng i n I SR at m os tt i m es . Thes e Vi s i t i ng Sci ent i s t s m ai nt ai nr egul arcont actw i t ht hei rTos hi ba CM C m anagem ent ,w hi l e w or ki ng as f ul land val ued m em ber s of t hei rr es pect i ve I SR f acul t yr es ear ch gr oups . The Vi s i t i ng Sci ent i s t vehi cl e pr ovi des dai l y oppor t uni t i es f or cont i nuous and s t r ong com m uni cat i on, al l ow i ng t he i ndus t r i al i vi t i es s ot he f acul t y m anuf act ur i ng engi neert of ul l y des cr i be t he key el em ent s ofm anuf act ur i ng act can i ncor por at et hes ei t em s i nt ot he r es ear ch pr oj ect .I tal s o pr ovi des an envi r onm entt o under s t and each ot her bet t er , w hi ch l eads t oi dent i f yi ng addi t i onal r es ear ch pr oj ect st hat addr es sr eal w or l d i s s ues and ar ei nt el l ect ual l ys t i m ul at i ng t o uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s . Technol ogy t r ans f er i s a cont i nual pr oces s . The act i ve engagem ent and hos t i ng of Vi s i t i ng Sci ent i s t s atI SR i ncr eas es t he pr obabi l i t y of devel opi ng us ef ulr es ear ch r es ul t s ,pr ovi des a s t r ong t si n Tos hi ba appl i cat i ons ,and s uppor t s m or er api d vehi cl et o ens ur et he us e of t he r es ear ch r es ul t echnol ogy t r ans f er . Tabl e 3:A ppr oaches and appl i cat i ons f orobt ai ni ng pr act i calr es ear ch r es ul t s Challenges to Approaches for Applications at CMC and ISR collaborations overcoming the issues
Difficulty of obtaining practical research results Strong and continuous communications between manufacturing engineers and researchers Environment developed where CMC engineers and ISR researchers can have continual face-to-face interactions (Visiting Scientist Program and contract)
5.SU M M A RY & C O N C LU SIO N Thi s paper f ocus ed on t he i s s ue t hat i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i ons do not al w ays obt ai nt he ant i ci pat ed r es ul t s becaus e of t he m any chal l enges t o s ucces s . Succes s f ul i ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i ons bet w een Tos hi ba and t he U ni ver s i t y of M ar yl and w er e dem ons t r at ed by adopt i ng t hr ee key f eat ur es :i nt er di s ci pl i nar y or gani zat i on of I SR w i t hi n t he U ni ver s i t y f or f i ndi ng appr opr i at er es ear cher s , cl ar i f yi ng t he concept and goal st o def i ne ef f ect i ve t hem es f or j oi nt r es ear ch, and s t r ong and cont i nuous com m uni cat i on bet w een m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s and r es ear cher s . ndi ng I nt he f i r s tf eat ur e, t he i nt er di s ci pl i nar y or gani zat i on of I SR w i t hi nt he U ni ver s i t yf or f i appr opr i at er es ear cher s w as des cr i bed.The exi s t ence of t he I SR dedi cat ed s t af f m em ber di d m uch t o cat al yze and f aci l i t at et he par t ner s hi p.I tw as es peci al l y hel pf ulf or t he m anuf act ur i ng com pany aldi f f er entdi s ci pl i nes w i t hi nt he U ni ver s i t y. t o m eetw i t ht he bes tr es ear cher sf r om s ever The s econd f eat ur e,cl ar i f yi ng t he conceptand goal st o def i ne ef f ect i ve t hem es f or j oi ntr es ear ch, he m anuf act ur i ng com pany had t wo s t eps .The f i r s ts t ep w as cl ar i f yi ng t he conceptas a s t r at egy oft f or s t i m ul at i ng i deas f r om uni ver s i t y r es ear cher s . Tos hi ba CM C s ucceeded i n t r i gger i ng t he
cr eat i vi t y of I SR f acul t y by i nt r oduci ng t he concept of “D i gi t al m anuf act ur i ng” as t hei r new s t r at egy f or m anuf act ur i ng t echnol ogi es . CM C obt ai ned s ever al us ef ul i deas w hi ch l ed t ot he gener at i on of t he candi dat es f or j oi nt r es ear ch. The s econd s t ep w as t o cl ar i f yt he j oi nt r es ear ch t ar get s ,t o hel pt he uni ver s i t yr es ear cher s cons i der how t hei rt echnol ogi es and m et hods coul d be appl i ed t ot hes e goal s . The s ucces s f ulappl i cat i on of t hi s m et hod w as dem ons t r at ed t hr ough t he t hem e of a “s eam l es s pr oduct i on s ys t em , ” a com ponent i nt he di gi t al m anuf act ur i ng f r am ew or k. Tos hi ba CM C and I SR det er mi ned appr opr i at et hem es f or j oi ntr es ear ch pr oj ect s by adopt i ng t hi s f eat ur e. zed s t r ong and cont i nuous com m uni cat i ons bet w een m anuf act ur i ng The t hi r df eat ur e em phas i engi neer s and r es ear cher s . D evel opi ng an envi r onm ent w her e m anuf act ur i ng engi neer s and uni ver s i t y r es ear cher s coul d hol d f acet of ace com m uni cat i ons w as accom pl i s hed t hr ough devel opi ng a par t ner s hi p cont r act and al l ow i ng m anuf act ur i ng engi neer st o w or k dai l yi nI SR r es ear ch gr oups f orext ended per i ods oft i m e. i nuous com m uni cat i ons hel ped over com e t he i s s ue t hatt he r es ul t s of m any j oi nt St r ong and cont r es ear ch pr oj ect s ar e di f f i cul tt o us e di r ect l yi n act ual m anuf act ur i ng act i vi t i es . Thi s appr oach al l ow ed i ndus t r i al m anuf act ur i ng engi neer st of ul l y des cr i be t he key el em ent s of m anuf act ur i ng act i vi t i es ,s ot he f acul t y coul di ncor por at et hes ei t em s i nt ot he r es ear ch pr oj ect s .The out putw as t he appl i cat i on oft he j oi ntr es ear ch r es ul t si nt o Tos hi ba act ualm anuf act ur i ng s ys t em s i n as hor tper i od oft i m e. ze s ucces s es i ni ndus t r yuni ver s i t y col l abor at i ons becaus e oft he di f f er ences I ti s noteas yt or eal i i nt he pur pos es of uni ver s i t i es and m anuf act ur i ng com pani es .The gr eat es tbenef i tcan be achi eved t hr ough i nt egr at i ng advanced t echnol ogi es devel oped i n uni ver s i t i es w i t h t he l ar ge var i et y of ur i ng s ys t em .The f eat ur es pr es ent ed i nt hi s paperar e us ef ult echnol ogy t echnol ogi es i n a m anuf act m anagem entm et hods t hathel p achi eve s ucces s f ulpar t ner s hi ps .
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