Description
The derivatives market is the financial market for derivatives, financial instruments like futures contracts or options, which are derived from other forms of assets.
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah
5th October 2007
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The genesis
The proposal to start the equity derivatives market in India was submitted by the NSE to SEBI in 1996. Motivation? (a) Further development of the equity market, (b) differentiate NSE from BSE. SEBI’s response was to set up a 28-person committee. The chairman was Dr. L. C. Gupta. The role of the committee: decide phasing of products, risk management for derivatives, to ensure the safety of equity markets.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The genesis
The proposal to start the equity derivatives market in India was submitted by the NSE to SEBI in 1996. Motivation? (a) Further development of the equity market, (b) differentiate NSE from BSE. SEBI’s response was to set up a 28-person committee. The chairman was Dr. L. C. Gupta. The role of the committee: decide phasing of products, risk management for derivatives, to ensure the safety of equity markets.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The genesis
The proposal to start the equity derivatives market in India was submitted by the NSE to SEBI in 1996. Motivation? (a) Further development of the equity market, (b) differentiate NSE from BSE. SEBI’s response was to set up a 28-person committee. The chairman was Dr. L. C. Gupta. The role of the committee: decide phasing of products, risk management for derivatives, to ensure the safety of equity markets.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Institutional development for equity derivatives
The same trading and clearing infrastructure as spot for equity derivatives. The ?rst product decided by the committee was index derivatives. Motivation? The index is less vulnerable to short-squeezes than individual stocks. Trading forwards was only permitted on securities by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1952. The law had to be amended to permit trading index derivatives. Cash settlement was required for derivatives on index; contracts that were not physically settled had to be enforceable. Once the above laws were amended, the path was cleared for doing cash settlement for equity derivatives trades.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Institutional development for equity derivatives
The same trading and clearing infrastructure as spot for equity derivatives. The ?rst product decided by the committee was index derivatives. Motivation? The index is less vulnerable to short-squeezes than individual stocks. Trading forwards was only permitted on securities by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1952. The law had to be amended to permit trading index derivatives. Cash settlement was required for derivatives on index; contracts that were not physically settled had to be enforceable. Once the above laws were amended, the path was cleared for doing cash settlement for equity derivatives trades.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Institutional development for equity derivatives
The same trading and clearing infrastructure as spot for equity derivatives. The ?rst product decided by the committee was index derivatives. Motivation? The index is less vulnerable to short-squeezes than individual stocks. Trading forwards was only permitted on securities by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1952. The law had to be amended to permit trading index derivatives. Cash settlement was required for derivatives on index; contracts that were not physically settled had to be enforceable. Once the above laws were amended, the path was cleared for doing cash settlement for equity derivatives trades.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Institutional development for equity derivatives
The same trading and clearing infrastructure as spot for equity derivatives. The ?rst product decided by the committee was index derivatives. Motivation? The index is less vulnerable to short-squeezes than individual stocks. Trading forwards was only permitted on securities by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1952. The law had to be amended to permit trading index derivatives. Cash settlement was required for derivatives on index; contracts that were not physically settled had to be enforceable. Once the above laws were amended, the path was cleared for doing cash settlement for equity derivatives trades.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
What happened in between the proposal to the start of the market?
The amendment to the SCRA was crucial. An index was constructed at the NSE, speci?cally suited to be liquid enough to be an underlying for derivatives. This is the Nifty index. Any trader on the derivatives market had to be certi?ed to trade derivatives. This initiated a tremendous effort to train the equity community on using equity derivatives, and set up processes for the certi?cation of members.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The evolution of equity derivatives in India
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Index futures
It took four years from 1996 to the start of derivatives trading in 2000. The ?rst to trade were index futures in June 2000. At each point in time, there are three contract maturities: one-, two-, three-months. The contracts mature on the last Thursday of each month.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Growth of the derivatives market
The initial market growth was very slow – the average daily traded volumes for the ?rst six months was consistently under a crore rupees. The ?rst ?llip to equity derivatives trading came at the end of the IT crash of 2001. SEBI moved the spot market decisively from weekly to rolling settlement and permitted trading of:
1 2 3
Index options in June 2001, Stock options in July, and Stock futures in November 2001.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Growth in Indian equity derivatives
100
Trading volume (Rs. billion)
10
NSE BSE
1
0
Jun 00 Sep 00 Dec 00 Mar 01 Jun 01 Sep 01 Dec 01
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The state of the market today
Equity derivatives trade 2.5 to 3 times the volumes of equity spot with 25,000 to 30,000 crores daily. The index is the most traded product, rather than individual stocks. Index options are around 24% of the product. Stock options trading is very thin. Most of the trading is concentrated in the near-month contract.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The size of the market today
INR 69,313 crore is USD 17.55 billion. Ie, the daily F&O trades are equal to 1.6% of the equity market cap and four times that annually. If the brokerage revenues are 15 bps on the roundtrip trade, it is INR 2.6 million daily.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The ten most active underlyings in the NSE F&O segment
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Number of stocks with derivatives trading on them
At the start of every month, the set of stocks is re-assessed for entry into the derivatives market. The assessment is done using a set of rules – little ambiguity about which stocks are candidates for trading derivatives:
1
2
3
4
The stock should be among the top 500 stocks by market cap and traded volume averaged over the last six months. The market open position should not be less than Rs.500 million. It should take more than Rs.100,000 to move the stock price by more than quarter sigma. If the issue size of an IPO is more than Rs.50 billion, derivatives can be issued on the stock on the date of listing.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Nifty futures volumes
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Nifty options volumes
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
What India did differently
A uni?ed exchange for trading both spot and derivatives. A new methodology for stock market index, targetting low cost to arbitrage derivatives. Cash settlement for stock options and futures. Intra-day real-time marginning at the client level.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
doc_117064892.pdf
The derivatives market is the financial market for derivatives, financial instruments like futures contracts or options, which are derived from other forms of assets.
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah
5th October 2007
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The genesis
The proposal to start the equity derivatives market in India was submitted by the NSE to SEBI in 1996. Motivation? (a) Further development of the equity market, (b) differentiate NSE from BSE. SEBI’s response was to set up a 28-person committee. The chairman was Dr. L. C. Gupta. The role of the committee: decide phasing of products, risk management for derivatives, to ensure the safety of equity markets.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The genesis
The proposal to start the equity derivatives market in India was submitted by the NSE to SEBI in 1996. Motivation? (a) Further development of the equity market, (b) differentiate NSE from BSE. SEBI’s response was to set up a 28-person committee. The chairman was Dr. L. C. Gupta. The role of the committee: decide phasing of products, risk management for derivatives, to ensure the safety of equity markets.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The genesis
The proposal to start the equity derivatives market in India was submitted by the NSE to SEBI in 1996. Motivation? (a) Further development of the equity market, (b) differentiate NSE from BSE. SEBI’s response was to set up a 28-person committee. The chairman was Dr. L. C. Gupta. The role of the committee: decide phasing of products, risk management for derivatives, to ensure the safety of equity markets.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Institutional development for equity derivatives
The same trading and clearing infrastructure as spot for equity derivatives. The ?rst product decided by the committee was index derivatives. Motivation? The index is less vulnerable to short-squeezes than individual stocks. Trading forwards was only permitted on securities by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1952. The law had to be amended to permit trading index derivatives. Cash settlement was required for derivatives on index; contracts that were not physically settled had to be enforceable. Once the above laws were amended, the path was cleared for doing cash settlement for equity derivatives trades.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Institutional development for equity derivatives
The same trading and clearing infrastructure as spot for equity derivatives. The ?rst product decided by the committee was index derivatives. Motivation? The index is less vulnerable to short-squeezes than individual stocks. Trading forwards was only permitted on securities by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1952. The law had to be amended to permit trading index derivatives. Cash settlement was required for derivatives on index; contracts that were not physically settled had to be enforceable. Once the above laws were amended, the path was cleared for doing cash settlement for equity derivatives trades.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Institutional development for equity derivatives
The same trading and clearing infrastructure as spot for equity derivatives. The ?rst product decided by the committee was index derivatives. Motivation? The index is less vulnerable to short-squeezes than individual stocks. Trading forwards was only permitted on securities by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1952. The law had to be amended to permit trading index derivatives. Cash settlement was required for derivatives on index; contracts that were not physically settled had to be enforceable. Once the above laws were amended, the path was cleared for doing cash settlement for equity derivatives trades.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Institutional development for equity derivatives
The same trading and clearing infrastructure as spot for equity derivatives. The ?rst product decided by the committee was index derivatives. Motivation? The index is less vulnerable to short-squeezes than individual stocks. Trading forwards was only permitted on securities by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1952. The law had to be amended to permit trading index derivatives. Cash settlement was required for derivatives on index; contracts that were not physically settled had to be enforceable. Once the above laws were amended, the path was cleared for doing cash settlement for equity derivatives trades.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
What happened in between the proposal to the start of the market?
The amendment to the SCRA was crucial. An index was constructed at the NSE, speci?cally suited to be liquid enough to be an underlying for derivatives. This is the Nifty index. Any trader on the derivatives market had to be certi?ed to trade derivatives. This initiated a tremendous effort to train the equity community on using equity derivatives, and set up processes for the certi?cation of members.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The evolution of equity derivatives in India
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Index futures
It took four years from 1996 to the start of derivatives trading in 2000. The ?rst to trade were index futures in June 2000. At each point in time, there are three contract maturities: one-, two-, three-months. The contracts mature on the last Thursday of each month.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Growth of the derivatives market
The initial market growth was very slow – the average daily traded volumes for the ?rst six months was consistently under a crore rupees. The ?rst ?llip to equity derivatives trading came at the end of the IT crash of 2001. SEBI moved the spot market decisively from weekly to rolling settlement and permitted trading of:
1 2 3
Index options in June 2001, Stock options in July, and Stock futures in November 2001.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Growth in Indian equity derivatives
100
Trading volume (Rs. billion)
10
NSE BSE
1
0
Jun 00 Sep 00 Dec 00 Mar 01 Jun 01 Sep 01 Dec 01
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The state of the market today
Equity derivatives trade 2.5 to 3 times the volumes of equity spot with 25,000 to 30,000 crores daily. The index is the most traded product, rather than individual stocks. Index options are around 24% of the product. Stock options trading is very thin. Most of the trading is concentrated in the near-month contract.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The size of the market today
INR 69,313 crore is USD 17.55 billion. Ie, the daily F&O trades are equal to 1.6% of the equity market cap and four times that annually. If the brokerage revenues are 15 bps on the roundtrip trade, it is INR 2.6 million daily.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
The ten most active underlyings in the NSE F&O segment
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Number of stocks with derivatives trading on them
At the start of every month, the set of stocks is re-assessed for entry into the derivatives market. The assessment is done using a set of rules – little ambiguity about which stocks are candidates for trading derivatives:
1
2
3
4
The stock should be among the top 500 stocks by market cap and traded volume averaged over the last six months. The market open position should not be less than Rs.500 million. It should take more than Rs.100,000 to move the stock price by more than quarter sigma. If the issue size of an IPO is more than Rs.50 billion, derivatives can be issued on the stock on the date of listing.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Nifty futures volumes
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
Nifty options volumes
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
What India did differently
A uni?ed exchange for trading both spot and derivatives. A new methodology for stock market index, targetting low cost to arbitrage derivatives. Cash settlement for stock options and futures. Intra-day real-time marginning at the client level.
Susan Thomas and Ajay Shah for the Colombo Stock Exchange
A case study of the Indian equity derivatives market
doc_117064892.pdf