A Study Reports on Demand Forecasting of Plastic Product In Pondicherry: Plastic Pvt (Ltd)

Description
Demand forecasting is the activity of estimating the quantity of a product or service that consumers will purchase. Demand forecasting involves techniques including both informal methods, such as educated guesses, and quantitative methods, such as the use of historical sales data or current data from test markets. Demand forecasting may be used in making pricing decisions, in assessing future capacity requirements, or in making decisions on whether to enter a new market.

A STUDY REPORTS ON DEMAND FORECASTING OF PLASTIC PRODUCT IN PONDICHERRY: PLASTIC PVT (LTD)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF CHARTS PAGE NO ii iii iv v

INTRODUCTION I 1.1 Profile of Organization 1.2 Corporation Vision II III IV IV VI VII VIII IX X NEED FOR THE STUDY REVIEW OF LITERATURE OBJECTIVES RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION FINDINGS OF THE STUDY SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS LIMITATIONS 7 8 25 26 28 42 44 45 46 1

XI

SCOPE FOR THE FUTHER STUDY ANNEXURE

47 48

ABSTRACT
Demands are wants for specific products backed by an ability to pay. Many people want a Mercedes; only a few are willing and able to buy one. Companies must measure not only how many people want their product but also how many would actually be willing and able to buy it Forecasting is the process of estimation in unknown situations. Prediction is a similar, but more general term, and usually refers to estimation of time series, cross-sectional or longitudinal data. In more recent years, Forecasting has evolved into the practice of Demand Planning in every day business forecasting for manufacturing companies. The discipline of demand planning, also sometimes referred to as supply chain forecasting, embraces both statistical forecasting and consensus process. This is the project about an analysis on demand and forecasting of plastic product in Puducherry with reference to ACT Plastic Private Ltd, Mettupalayam. This may helpful to identify the demand of the plastic product in Puducherry areas. This projects has following objectives. To identify potential demand for the plastic product at different areas in Puducherry. To estimate demand of plastic product in near future. To find out the consumption rate of plastic product in Puducherry. To study and understand the quality needs of plastic product by the customer. To identify competitor market demand. The Research design of this project, it contains 50 samples which were taken from plastic related company in Puducherry locations. This project analysed on the basis of two statistical tools such as percentage and weighted average tools. Finally the result of the study concluded that there is huge need of plastics will be demanded after two years in plastic sectors. Once the demands are identified, it would be possible for the management to take the necessary action to improve in getting highly sophisticated markets.

LIST OF TABLES

Sl. No 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Table Name

Page no.

Respondent on type of industry Respondent on business period Respondent on preference to the place the order Respondent on quantity needed per month Respondent on supplier rating Respondent on specification needed of plastic products. Respondent on types of raw material using Respondent on quantity needed per month ( Blow moulding) Respondent on demand after 2 years in injection moulding Respondents on satisfaction Respondent on major suppliers Respondents on satisfaction level Respondent on factors influence to purchase Weighted average table 1 Weighted average table 2

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 41

LIST OF CHARTS
Sl. No 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

Table Name

Page no.

Respondent on type of industry Respondent on business period Respondent on preference to the place the order Respondent on quantity needed per month Respondent on supplier rating Respondent on specification needed of plastic products. Respondent on types of raw material using Respondent on quantity needed per month ( Blow moulding) Respondent on demand after 2 years in injection moulding Respondents on satisfaction Respondent on major suppliers Respondents on satisfaction level Respondent on factors influence to purchase

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION – COMPANY

1.1.1 COMPANY MILESTONES: ? June 2003 : ACT Commissioned with Two Injection Molding Machines ? October 2004 : Installed 5 more machines in 2004 ? January 2005: Commissioned Paint Unit in Chennai ? March 2005 : Achieved the Target of 1 Crore Turnover ? June 2005: Machine service and mold service facility installed ? January 2006: Fabrication of Plastic Chairs ? February 2007: Got ISO 9001:2001 Certificate

1.1.2 COMPANY PROFILE: ACT is prestigious manufacturer and supplier of industrial mouldings, commodity

mouldings, automotive mouldings, machine parts painting, single point source for spares, etc. Initially started in Pondicherry, ACT soon expanded our operations to Chennai.

ACT are one of the leading manufacturers and exporters of industrial moulding, commodity moulding, automotive moulding, machine parts painting, single point source for spares, etc. Established in July 2003 in Pondicherry, ACT soon expanded our operations and set up office in Chennai in March 2006.

An ISO 9001: 2000 certified company for quality management system, ACT produce premium quality products for our distinguished customers. ACT has the technical expertise to produce innovative products. ACT has the caliber to deliver small batches for a large variety of application. Within a short span of time ACT have earned a strong foothold in the market.

1.1.3 TEAM ACT has a team of expert professionals who strive to achieve customer satisfaction. ACT use the famous ‘5S methodology’ in our work culture. Our quality control department strives hard to sustain the same standards of high quality of the products.

1.2.1 CORPORATE VISION ? ACT envisage becoming a single source supplier of molding, painting requirements and any other outsourcing requirements”

1.2.2 MISION ? Building up high quality of performance with team spirit ? Meeting Customer Requirements by Zero defects ? Continual Improvement

1.2.3 CLIENTELE ? GM Pens International Private Ltd., (Reynolds,) ? Nilkamal Plastics ? Brite Brothers Private Ltd. ? Supreme Industries Private Ltd, ? TVS Sundaram Fasteners Limited, etc.

1.3. ACT – PRODUCTION

1.3.1 Manufacturing Capability ACT have total building area of 4500 sq. feet. ACT has the capability to store raw materials. Our manufacturing unit is designed in such a way that it has the capacity of processing plastic of 30 tons per month.

1.3.2 About Injection Molding Machine The Injection molding machine converts granule are pelleted raw plastic into final molded parts via a melt inject and pack and cool cycle. A typical injection molding machine consist of the following major components ? Injection System ? Hydraulic system ? Mold system ? Clamping Control System 1.3.3 Industrial Molding ? Molded articles, like PPHP, PPCP, HIPS, ABS, PC, and NYLON. ( OEM ) 1.3.4 Machine parts Coating ACT offer a heterogeneous variety of coating techniques to serve our clients needs in economical and artistic manner. ACT apply finishes on products from phosphates, oil, paint, lacquer, and rust preventatives, to color coding by either bulk or other methods. 1.3.5 Bulk Coating This is a cost-effective method of applying decorative and protective paint finishes to small parts, which lend themselves to one of these processes 1.3.6 Spray Coating: Spray coating is a method through which can select the coating from a broad varity of colours and textures. 1.3.7 Power Coating It is the direct application of powdered paint on to a metallic part by charging the paint particles with electrostatic electricity, which is applied by a powder spray gun. These particles are attracted to the grounded part. The coated part is then heated to a degree, which when the paint particles melt, flow and are fused into a high quality uniform protective finish that is aesthetically pleasing any highly durable. Finishes utilizing this method are available in variety of colors and

textures. Powder coatings offer Urethanes, Epoxies, Polyesters, Hi-Brids, Full range of colors, glosses and textures. 1.3.8 Electrostatic Power Spray Conveyor System This system uses a powder spray booth and a curing oven connected by an overhead conveyor. The parts are suspended on racks on the overhead conveyor. These parts are then carried by conveyor to the powder booth for coating either manually or automatically and then to the oven for curing. The conveyor chain speed for is variable from 1 to 16 feet per minute to accommodate part size, mass and powder curing. 1.3.9 Single Point Source for Spares ACT supply single point source for spares such as hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical & electronic spares with in 48 hrs.

1.3.10 Hydraulic and pneumatic ACT supply components for horizontal pumps, vertical pumps, submersible pumps, submerged pumps (pump body, impellers, housing for the electric parts, command panels, venturi pipes, diffusers), filters for compressors, filter casings, non-return valves, thermometers for oil circuit manufacturing machines. Furthermore ACTsupply the folloing products mentions below.

? Lock – Tide ? Ring Core ? Bearing Industrial & Automotive ? Oil Seals ? V- Belts ? Pulleys ? Sprockets ? Tapes and Couplings ? Hydraulic Hoses & fittings and repairs to valves, pumps and cylinders

ACT also stock hydraulic spares, which comprises of ? Seal kits ? Seals (Individual) ? Pumps (complete) ? Pump Cartridges ? Pump Seal Kits ? Pump Shafts ? Pump Couplings ? Pump Valves (Proportional) ? Valves (Directional) ? Motors ? Check Valves ? Flow Control Valves ? Lubrication Parts ? Pressure Gauges ? Temperature Gauges

1.3.11 Pneumatic spares ACT supply jack hammer / hand held rock drills in India. Our hand held drill machines are carefully designed and used for marble mines and construction sites in rocks. These machines drill vertically and horizontally.

1.3.12 Electrical & electronic spares ACT also deal with diverse kinds of electrical and electronic spares such as EAPL, OMRON, PLA, LAKSHMI, SALZER, EMCO, PCB and Sensors.

1.4 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Managing Director

Chief Operating Officer

Admin.& Account Manager

Production Engineer

Maintenance
Executive

Store & Dispatch Executive

Executive- QA & Customer Service

HR- Assistant

Supervisor Production

Electricians

Store Assistant

QA-Inspectors

Operators

CHAPTER-2
NEED FOR THE STUDY • • This analysis helps to pre estimate the demand about the plastic products. This analysis helps concern to get the decision about the market and devise suitable strategies for expansion. • Since forecasting considers being backbone of the Company sales, this progression will lead to the success of the Company’s expansions strategy. . This analysis help to know the opportunities and threats of plastic product demand

CHAPTER-3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE DEFINITIONS: Demands are wants for specific products backed by an ability to pay. Many people want a Mercedes; only a few are willing and able to buy one. Companies must measure not only how many people want their product but also how many would actually be willing and able to buy it Forecasting the art of anticipating what buyers are likely to do under a given set of conditions MEANING: Forecasting is the process of estimation in unknown situations. Prediction is a similar, but more general term, and usually refers to estimation of time series, cross-sectional or longitudinal data. In more recent years, Forecasting has evolved into the practice of Demand Planning in every day business forecasting for manufacturing companies. The discipline of demand planning, also sometimes referred to as supply chain forecasting, embraces both statistical forecasting and consensus process.Forecasting is commonly used in discussion of time-series data. NATURE AND USE OF FORECAST A forecast is an estimate of an event which will happen in future. The event may be demand of a product, Rain fall at a particular place, population of a country or growth of a technology. The forecast value is not a deterministic quantity. Since it is only an estimate based on the past data related to a particular event, proper care must be given in estimating it. In any industrial enterprise forecast is the first level decision activity. That is the demand of a particular product must be available before taking up any other decision problem like, material planning, scheduling type of production system ( Mass or batch production) to be implement, etc,.

So forecasting provides a basis for coordination of plans for activities in various part of a company. All the functional managers in any organization will base their decisions on the forecast value. so, it is a vital information for the organization. Due to these reasons, roper care should be exercised while estimating forecast values. In business, forecasts may be classified into technology forecast , economic forecasts and demand forecasts. TECHNOLOGY FORECAST: Technology is a combination of hardware and software. Hardware is any physical product while software is the know-how , technique or procedure. Technology forecast deals with certain characteristics such as level of technical performance, rate of technological advances. Technological forecast is a prediction of the future characteristics of useful machines, products, process, procedures or techniques. Based on the importance of this activity, Government of India has established a “technology information forecasting and assessment council (TIFAC)”, under the ministry of science and technology to promote action oriented studies and forecasting in selected areas. ECONOMIC FORECASTS: Government agencies and other organizations involve in collecting data and prediction of estimate on the general business environment. These will be useful to government agencies in predicting future tax revenues, level of business growth, level of employment, level of inflation, etc. Also, these will be useful to business circles to plan their future activities based on the level of business growth. DEMAND FORECAST: The demand forecast gives the expected level of demand for goods or services. This is the basic input for business planning and control. Hence, the decisions for all the functions of any corporate house are influenced by the demand forecast.

FACTORS AFFECTING FORECAST(DEMAND):

The factors affecting forecast are given below: • • • • • • • • • • • • Business cycle Random variation Customer’s plan Product’s life cycle Competition’s efforts and prices Customer’s condidence and attitude Quality Credit policy Design of goods or services Reputation for service Sales effort Advertising

COMPANY DEMAND It Is the company’s estimated share of market demand at alternative levels of company marketing effort in a given time period, it is depends on how its products, services , prices , communications and so on are perceived relative to the competitors.

COMPANY SALES FORECAST: It is the expected level of company sales based on a chosen marketing plan and an assumed marketing environment

APPLICATIONS OF FORECASTING: Forecasting has application in many situations: Supply chain management Weather forecasting and Meteorology Transport planning and Transportation forecasting Economic forecasting Technology forecasting Earthquake prediction Land use forecasting Product forecasting Player and team performance in sports Prediction Calculating Demand Forecast Accuracy Prognosis Estimation Foresight (future studies) Technology forecasting

PLASTICS- OVERVIEW: Plastic can be classified in many ways, but most commonly by their polymer backbone (polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate and other acrylics, silicones, polyurethanes, etc.). Other classifications include thermoplastic, thermoset, elastomer, engineering plastic, addition or condensation or polyaddition (depending on polymerization method used), and glass transition temperature or Tg.

Some plastics are partially crystalline and partially amorphous in molecular structure, giving them both a melting point (the temperature at which the attractive intermolecular forces are overcome) and one or more glass transitions (temperatures above which the extent of localized molecular is substantially increased). So-called semi-crystalline plastics include polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), polyamides (nylons), polyesters and some polyurethanes. Many plastics are completely amorphous, such as polystyrene and its copolymers, poly(methyl methacrylate), and all thermosets. Plastics are polymers: long chains of atoms bonded to one another. Common thermoplastics range from 20,000 to 500,000 in molecular weight, while thermosets are assumed to have infinite molecular weight. These chains are made up of many repeating molecular units, known as "repeat units", derived from "monomers"; each polymer chain will have several 1000's of repeat units. The vast majority of plastics are composed of polymers of carbon and hydrogen alone or with oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine or sulfur in the backbone. (Some of commercial interest are silicon based.) The backbone is that part of the chain on the main "path" linking a large number of repeat units together. To vary the properties of plastics, both the repeat unit with different molecular groups "hanging" or "pendant" from the backbone, (usually they are "hung" as part of the monomers before linking monomers together to form the polymer chain). This customization by repeat unit's molecular structure has allowed plastics to become such an indispensable part of twenty first-century life by fine tuning the properties of the polymer. People experimented with plastics based on natural polymers for centuries. In the nineteenth century a plastic material based on chemically modified natural polymers was discovered: Charles Goodyear discovered vulcanization of rubber (1839) and Alexander Parkes, English inventor (1813—1890) created the earliest form of plastic in 1855. He mixed pyroxylin, a partially nitrated form of cellulose (cellulose is the major component of plant cell walls), with alcohol and camphor. This produced a hard but flexible transparent material, which he called "Parkesine." The first plastic based on a synthetic polymer was made from phenol and formaldehyde, with the first viable and cheap synthesis methods invented by Leo Hendrik Baekeland in 1909, the product being known as Bakelite. Subsequently poly(vinyl chloride), polystyrene, polyethylene (polyethene), polypropylene (polypropene), polyamides (nylons), polyesters, acrylics, silicones, polyurethanes were amongst the many varieties of plastics developed and have great commercial success.

The development of plastics has come from the use of natural materials (e.g., chewing gum, shellac) to the use of chemically modified natural materials (e.g., natural rubber, nitrocellulose, collagen) and finally to completely synthetic molecules (e.g., epoxy, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene). In 1959, Koppers Company in Pittsburgh, PA had a team that developed the expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam cup. On this team was Edward J. Stoves who made the first commercial foam cup. The experimental cups were made of puffed rice glued together to form a cup to show how it would feel and look. The chemistry was then developed to make the cups commercial. Today, the cup is used throughout the world in countries desiring fast food, namely, the United States, Japan, Australia,and New Zealand. Freon was never used in the cups. As Stoves said, "We didn't know freon was bad for the ozone, but we knew it was not good for people so the cup never used freon to expand the beads."[citation needed] The foam cup can be buried, and it is as stable as concrete and brick. No plastic film is required to protect the air and underground water. If it is properly incinerated at high temperatures, the only chemicals generated are water, carbon dioxide and carbon ash. If burned without enough oxygen or at lower temperatures (as in a campfire or household fireplace) it can produce toxic vapors and other hazardous byproducts.[1][2] EPS can be recycled to make park benches, flower pots and toys. CELLULOSE-BASED PLASTICS: CELLULOID AND RAYON All Goodyear had done with vulcanization was improve the properties of a natural polymer. The next logical step was to use a natural polymer, cellulose, as the basis for a new material. Inventors were particularly interested in developing synthetic substitutes for those natural materials that were expensive and in short supply, since that meant a profitable market to exploit. Ivory was a particularly attractive target for a synthetic replacement. An Englishman from Birmingham named Alexander Parkes developed a "synthetic ivory" named "pyroxlin", which he marketed under the trade name "Parkesine", and which won a bronze medal at the 1862 World's fair in London. Parkesine was made from cellulose treated with nitric acid and a solvent. The output of the process hardened into a hard, ivory-like material that could be molded when heated. However, Parkes was not able to scale up the process reliably, and products made from Parkesine quickly warped and cracked after a short period of use.

Englishmen Daniel Spill and the American John Wesley Hyatt both took up where Parkes left off. Parkes had failed for lack of a proper softener, but they independantly discovered that camphor would work well. Spill launched his product as Xylonite in 1869, while Hyatt patented his "Celluloid" in 1870, naming it after cellulose. Rivalry between Spill's British Xylonite Company and Hyatt's American Celluloid Company led to an expensive decadelong court battle, with neither company being awarded rights, as ultimately Parkes was credited with the product's invention. As a result, both companies operated in parallel on both sides of the Atlantic. Celluloid/Xylonite proved extremely versatile in its field of application, providing a cheap and attractive replacement for ivory, tortoiseshell, and bone, and traditional products such as billiard balls and combs were much easier to fabricate with plastics. Some of the items made with cellulose in the nineteenth century were beautifully designed and implemented. For example, celluloid combs made to tie up the long tresses of hair fashionable at the time are now highly-collectable jewel-like museum pieces. Such pretty trinkets were no longer only for the rich. Hyatt was something of an industrial genius who understood what could be done with such a shapeable, or "plastic", material, and proceeded to design much of the basic industrial machinery needed to produce good-quality plastic materials in quantity. Some of Hyatt's first products were dental pieces, and sets of false teeth built around celluloid proved cheaper than existing rubber dentures. However, celluloid dentures tended to soften when hot, making tea drinking tricky, and the camphor taste tended to be difficult to suppress. Celluloid's real breakthrough products were waterproof shirt collars, cuffs, and the false shirtfronts known as "dickies", whose unmanageable nature later became a stock joke in silent-movie comedies. They did not wilt and did not stain easily, and Hyatt sold them by trainloads. Corsets made with celluloid stays also proved popular, since perspiration did not rust the stays, as it would if they had been made of metal. Celluloid could also be used in entirely new applications. Hyatt figured out how to fabricate the material in a strip format for movie film. By the year 1900, movie film was a major market for celluloid.

However, celluloid still tended to yellow and crack over time, and it had another more dangerous defect: it burned very easily and spectacularly, unsurprising given that mixtures of nitric acid and cellulose are also used to synthesize smokeless powder. Ping-pong balls, one of the few products still made with celluloid, sizzle and burn if set on fire, and Hyatt liked to tell stories about celluloid billiard balls exploding when struck very hard. These stories might have had a basis in fact, since the billiard balls were often celluloid covered with paints based on another, even more flammable, nitrocellulose product known as "collodion". If the balls had been imperfectly manufactured, the paints might have acted as primer to set the rest of the ball off with a bang. Cellulose was also used to produce cloth. While the men who developed celluloid were interested in replacing ivory, those who developed the new fibers were interested in replacing another expensive material, silk. In 1884, a French chemist, the Comte de Chardonnay, introduced a cellulose-based fabric that became known as "Chardonnay silk". It was an attractive cloth, but like celluloid it was very flammable, a property completely unacceptable in clothing. After some ghastly accidents, Chardonnay silk was taken off the market. In 1894, three British inventors, Charles Cross, Edward Bevan, and Clayton Beadle, patented a new "artificial silk" or "art silk" that was much safer. The three men sold the rights for the new fabric to the French Courtauld company, a major manufacturer of silk, which put it into production in 1905, using cellulose from wood pulp as the "feedstock" material. Art silk, technically known as Cellulose Acetate, became well known under the trade name "rayon", and was produced in great quantities through the 1930s, when it was supplanted by better artificial fabrics. It still remains in production today, often in blends with other natural and artificial fibers. It is cheap and feels smooth on the skin, though it is weak when wet and creases easily. It could also be produced in a transparent sheet form known as "cellophane". Cellulose Acetate became the standard substrate for movie and camera film, instead of its very flammable predecessor.

POLYSTYRENE AND PVC

After the First World War, improvements in chemical technology led to an explosion in new forms of plastics. Among the earliest examples in the wave of new plastics were "polystyrene" (PS) and "polyvinyl chloride" (PVC), developed by IG Farben of Germany. Polystyrene is a rigid, brittle, inexpensive plastic that has been used to make plastic model kits and similar knickknacks. It would also be the basis for one of the most popular "foamed" plastics, under the name "styrene foam" or "Styrofoam". Foam plastics can be synthesized in an "open cell" form, in which the foam bubbles are interconnected, as in an absorbent sponge, and "closed cell", in which all the bubbles are distinct, like tiny balloons, as in gas-filled foam insulation and floatation devices. In the late 1950s "High Impact" styrene was introduced, which was not brittle. It finds much current use as the substance of toy figurines and novelties.

PVC has side chains incorporating chlorine atoms, which form strong bonds. PVC in its normal form is stiff, strong, heat and weather resistant, and is now used for making plumbing, gutters, house siding, enclosures for computers and other electronics gear. PVC can also be softened with chemical processing, and in this form it is now used for shrink-wrap, food packaging, and raingear.

Nylon The real star of the plastics industry in the 1930s was "polyamide" (PA), far better known by its trade name, "nylon". Nylon was the first purely synthetic fiber, introduced by Du Pont Corporation at the 1939 World's Fair in New York City.

In 1927, Du Pont had begun a secret development project designated "Fiber66", under the direction of Harvard chemist Wallace Carothers and chemistry department director Elmer Keiser Bolton. Carothers had been hired to perform pure research, and he worked to understand the new materials' molecular structure and physical properties. He took some of the first steps in the molecular design of the materials. His work led to the discovery of synthetic nylon fiber, which was very strong but also very flexible. The first application was for bristles for toothbrushes. However, Du Pont's real target was silk, particularly silk stockings. Carothers and his team synthesized a number of different polyamides including polyamide6.6 and 4.6, as well as polyesters.

General condensation polymerization reaction for nylon It took Du Pont twelve years and US$27 million to refine nylon, and to synthesize and develop the industrial processes for bulk manufacture. With such a major investment, it was no surprise that Du Pont spared little expense to promote nylon after its introduction, creating a public sensation, or "nylon mania". Nylon mania came to an abrupt stop at the end of 1941 when the USA entered World War II. The production capacity that had been built up to produce nylon stockings, or just "nylons", for American women was taken over to manufacture vast numbers of parachutes for fliers and paratroopers. After the war ended, Du Pont went back to selling nylon to the public, engaging in another promotional campaign in 1946 that resulted in an even bigger craze, triggering the so called "nylon riots". Subsequently polyamides 6, 10, 11, and 12 have been developed based on monomers which are ring compounds, e.g. caprolactam. Nylons still remain important plastics, and not just for use in fabrics. In its bulk form it is very wear resistant, particularly if oil-impregnated, and so is used to build gears, bearings, bushings, and because of good heat-resistance, increasingly for under-the-hood applications in cars, and other mechanical parts.

PLASTICS EXPLOSION: ACRYLIC, POLYETHYLENE, Etc.

Other plastics emerged in the prewar period, though some would not come into widespread use until after the war. By 1936, American, British, and German companies were producing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), better known as acrylic glass. Although acrylics are now well known for their use in paints and synthetic fibers, such as fake furs, in their bulk form they are actually very hard and more transparent than glass, and are sold as glass replacements under trade names such as Plexiglas and Lucite. Plexiglas was used to build aircraft canopies during the war, and it is also now used as a marble replacement for countertops. Another important plastic, polyethylene (PE), sometimes known as polythene, was discovered in 1933 by Reginald Gibson and Eric Fawcett at the British industrial giant Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). This material evolved into two forms, low density polyethylene (LDPE), and high density polyethylene (HDPE).

PEs are cheap, flexible, durable, and chemically resistant. LDPE is used to make films and packaging materials, while HDPE is used for containers, plumbing, and automotive fittings. While PE has low resistance to chemical attack, it was found later that a PE container could be made much more robust by exposing it to fluorine gas, which modified the surface layer of the container into the much tougher polyfluoroethylene. Polyethylene would lead after the war to an improved material, polypropylene (PP), which was discovered in the early 1950s by Giulio Natta. It is common in modern science and technology that the growth of the general body of knowledge can lead to the same inventions in different places at about the same time, but polypropylene was an extreme case of this phenomenon, being separately invented about nine times. The ensuing litigation was not resolved until 1989. Polypropylene managed to survive the legal process and two American chemists working for Phillips Petroleum, J. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks, are now generally credited as the "official" inventors of the material. Polypropylene is similar to its ancestor, polyethylene, and

shares polyethylene's low cost, but it is much more robust. It is used in everything from plastic bottles to carpets to plastic furniture, and is very heavily used in automobiles.

Polyurethane was invented by Friedrich Bayer & Company in 1937, and would come into use after the war, in blown form for mattresses, furniture padding, and thermal insulation. It is also one of the components (in non-blown form) of the fiber spandex. In 1939, IG Farben filed a patent for polyepoxide or epoxy. Epoxies are a class of thermoset plastic that form cross-links and cure when a catalyzing agent, or hardener, is added. After the war they would come into wide use for coatings, adhesives, and composite materials. Composites using epoxy as a matrix include glass-reinforced plastic, where the structural element is glass fiber, and carbon-epoxy composites, in which the structural element is carbon fiber. Fiberglass is now often used to build sport boats, and carbon-epoxy composites are an increasingly important structural element in aircraft, as they are lightweight, strong, and heat resistant. Two chemists named Rex Whinfield and James Dickson, working at a small English company with the quaint name of the "Calico Printer's Association" in Manchester, developed polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE) in 1941, and it would be used for synthetic fibers in the postwar era, with names such as polyester, dacron, and terylene. PET is less gas-permeable than other low-cost plastics and so is a popular material for making bottles for Coca-Cola and other carbonated drinks, since carbonation tends to attack other plastics, and for acidic drinks such as fruit or vegetable juices. PET is also strong and abrasion resistant, and is used for making mechanical parts, food trays, and other items that have to endure abuse. PET films are used as a base for recording tape. One of the most impressive plastics used in the war, and a top secret, was polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), better known as Teflon, which could be deposited on metal surfaces as a scratch-proof and corrosion-resistant, low-friction protective coating. The polyfluoroethylene surface layer created by exposing a polyethylene container to fluorine gas is very similar to Teflon.

A Du Pont chemist named Roy Plunkett discovered Teflon by accident in 1938. During the war, it was used in gaseous-diffusion processes to refine uranium for the atomic bomb, as the process was highly corrosive. By the early 1960s, Teflon adhesion-resistant frying pans were in demand.

Teflon was later used to synthesize the breathable fabric Gore-Tex®, which can be used to manufacture wet weather clothing that is able to "breathe". Its structure allows water vapour molecules to pass, while not permitting water as liquide to enter. Gore-Tex is also used for surgical applications such as garments and implants; Teflon strand is used to make dental floss; and Teflon mixed with fluorine compounds is used to make decoy flares dropped by aircraft to distract heat-seeking missiles. After the war, the new plastics that had been developed entered the consumer mainstream in a flood. New manufacturing were developed, using various forming, molding, casting, and extrusion processes, to churn out plastic products in vast quantities. American consumers enthusiastically adopted the endless range of colorful, cheap, and durable plastic gimmicks being produced for new suburban home life. One of the most visible parts of this plastics invasion was Earl Tupper's Tupperware, a complete line of sealable polyethylene food containers that Tupper cleverly promoted through a network of housewives who sold Tupperware as a means of bringing in some money. The Tupperware line of products was well thought out and highly effective, greatly reducing spoilage of foods in storage. Thin-film plastic wrap that could be purchased in rolls also helped keep food fresh. Another prominent element in 1950s homes was Formica, a plastic laminate that was used to surface furniture and cabinetry. Formica was durable and attractive. It was particularly useful in kitchens, as it did not absorb, and could be easily cleaned of stains from food preparation, such as blood or grease. With Formica, a very attractive and well-built table could be built using low-cost and lightweight plywood with Formica covering, rather than expensive and heavy hardwoods like oak or mahogany.

Composite materials like fiberglass came into use for building boats and, in some cases, cars. Polyurethane foam was used to fill mattresses, and Styrofoam was used to line ice coolers and make float toys. Plastics continue to be improved. General Electric introduced Lexan, a high-impact polycarbonate plastic, in the 1970s. Du Pont developed Kevlar®, an extremely strong synthetic fiber that was best known for its use in ballistic rated clothing and combat helmets. Kevlar was so impressive that its manufacturer, DuPont, deemed it necessary to release an official statement denying alien involvement. [3] Plastics are durable and degrade very slowly. In some cases, burning plastic can release toxic fumes. Also, the manufacturing of plastics often creates large quantities of chemical pollutants. By the 1990s, plastic recycling programs were common in the United States and elsewhere. Thermoplastics can be remelted and reused, and thermoset plastics can be ground up and used as filler, though the purity of the material tends to degrade with each reuse cycle. There are methods by which plastics can be broken back down to a feedstock state. To assist recycling of disposable items, the Plastic Bottle Institute of the Society of the Plastics Industry devised a now-familiar scheme to mark plastic bottles by plastic type. A recyclable plastic container using this scheme is marked with a triangle of three "chasing arrows", which enclose a number giving the plastic type:

Plastics type marks: the Resin identification code PET (PETE): Polyethylene Terephthalate - Commonly found on: 2-liter soft drink bottles, cooking oil bottles, peanut butter jars. HDPE: High Density Polyethylene - Commonly found on: detergent bottles, milk jugs. PVC: Polyvinyl Chloride - Commonly found on: plastic pipes, outdoor furniture, shrinkwrap, water bottles, salad dressing and liquid detergent containers.

LDPE: Low Density Polyethylene - Commonly found on: dry-cleaning bags, produce bags, trash can liners, food storage containers. PP: Polypropylene - Commonly found on: bottle caps, drinking straws PS: Polystyrene - Commonly found on: "Styrofoam peanuts," cups, plastic tableware, meat trays, take-away food clamshell containers OTHER: Other - This plastic category, as its name of "other" implies, is any plastic other than the named #1 – #6, Commonly found on: certain kinds of food containers, Tupperware, and Nalgene bottles. Unfortunately, recycling plastics has proven difficult. The biggest problem with plastic recycling is that it is difficult to automate the sorting of plastic waste, and so it is labor intensive. Typically, workers sort the plastic by looking at the resin identification code, though common containers like soda bottles can be sorted from memory. Other recyclable materials, such as metals, are easier to process mechanically. However, new mechanical sorting processes are being utilized to increase plastic recycling capacity and efficiency. While containers are usually made from a single type and color of plastic, making them relatively easy to sort out, a consumer product like a cellular phone may have many small parts consisting of over a dozen different types and colors of plastics. In a case like this, the resources it would take to separate the plastics far exceed their value and the item is discarded. However, developments are taking place in the field of Active Disassembly, which may result in more consumer product components being re-used or recycled. Recycling certain types of plastics can be unprofitable, as well. For example, polystyrene is rarely recycled because it is usually not cost effective. These unrecyclable wastes can be disposed of in landfills, incinerated or used to produce electricity at waste-to-energy plants. Biodegradable plastics Research has been done on biodegradable plastics that break down with exposure to sunlight (e.g. ultra-violet radiation), water (or humidity), bacteria, enzymes, wind abrasion and some instances rodent pest or insect attack are also included as forms of biodegradation or environmental degradation. It is clear some of these modes of degradation will only work if the plastic is exposed at the surface, while other modes will only be effective if certain conditions are found in landfill or composting systems. Starch powder has been mixed with

plastic as a filler to allow it to degrade more easily, but it still does not lead to complete breakdown of the plastic. Some researchers have actually genetically engineered bacteria that synthesize a completely biodegradable plastic, but this material is expensive at present e.g. BP's Biopol. BASF make Ecoflex, a fully biodegradable polyester for food packaging applications. A potential disadvantage of biodegradable plastics is that the carbon that is locked up in them is released into the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas carbon dioxide when they degrade, though if they are made from natural materials, such a vegetable crop derivatives or animal products, there is no net gain in carbon dioxide emissions, although concern will be for a worse greenhouse gas, methane release. So far, these plastics have proven too costly and limited for general use, and critics have pointed out that the only real problem they address is roadside litter, which is regarded as a secondary issue. When such plastic materials are dumped into landfills, they can become "mummified" and persist for decades even if they are supposed to be biodegradable. There have been some success stories. The Courtauld concern, the original producer of rayon, came up with a revised process for the material in the mid-1980s to produce "Tencel". Tencel has many superior properties over rayon, but is still produced from "biomass" feedstocks, and its manufacture is extraordinarily clean by the standards of plastic production. Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana have been working on developing biodegradable resins, sheets and films made with zein (corn protein).[1]PDF (96.7 KiB) Recently, however, a new type of biodegradable resin has made its debut in the United States, called Plastarch Material (PSM). It is heat, water, and oil resistant and sees a 70% degradation in 90 days. Biodegradable plastics based on polylactic acid (once derived from dairy products, now from cereal crops such as maize) have entered the marketplace, for instance as polylactates as disposable sandwich packs. An alternative to starch based resins are additives such as Bio-Batch an additive that allows the manufacturers to make PE, PS, PP, PET, and PVC totally biodegradable in landfills where 94.8% of most plastics end up according to the EPA According to their latest MSW report done in 2003, located under Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2003 Data Tables. It is also possible that bacteria will eventually develop the ability to degrade plastics. This has already happened with nylon: two types of nylon eating bacteria, Flavobacteria and

Pseudomonas, were found in 1975 to possess enzymes (nylonase) capable of breaking down nylon. While not a solution to the disposal problem, it is likely that bacteria will evolve the ability to use other synthetic plastics as well. The latter possibility was in fact the subject of a cautionary novel by Kit Pedler and Gerry Davis (screenwriter), the creators of the Cybermen, re-using the plot of the first episode of their Doomwatch series. The novel, "Mutant 59: The Plastic Eater", written in 1971, is the story of what could happen if a bacterium were to evolve - or be artificially cultured - to eat plastics, and be let loose in a major city. In the novel, the mutant bacterium is cultured by a lone scientist experimenting with the common germ Bacillus prodigiosus, with the intent of solving the world's plastic waste disposal problem; it is the 59th attempted variant (hence the novel's title), and is accidentally released when the scientist suffers a fatal cerebral haemorrhage, dropping a test-tube containing the bacteria into a sink as he collapses. Needless to say, the consequences would be - and, in the novel, are - catastrophic; a modern city such as London would be paralysed if all its plastic suddenly began disappearing under bacterial action.

CHAPTER-4
OBJECTIVES

• • • • •

To identify potential demand for the plastic product at different areas in Puducherry. To estimate demand of plastic product in near future.

To find out the consumption rate of plastic product in Puducherry.

To study and understand the quality needs of plastic product by the customer.

To identify competitor market demand.

CHAPTER-5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5.1.1 RESEARCH DESIGN The research design which was selected was narrative one. It narrates the whole research in a simple manner. 5.1.2 TYPES OF DATA COLLECTED ? Primary Data Questionnaires are prepared and interview was conducted. Most of the questions are consist of multiple choices. The questionnaires were conducted in English. Generally 23 questions are prepared and asked to the plastic related unit in Puducherry locations. ? Secondary Data Secondary data was collected from Internets, various books, Journals, and Company Records. 5.1.3 QUESTIONNAIRE CONSTRUCTION In this Questionnaire Constructed on the basis of two types. There are Multiple choice and close ended ( Yes/ No) Questions. 5.1.4 DEFINING THE POPULATIONS The Population or Universe can be infinite. The population is said to be finite if it consist of a fixed number of elements so that it is possible to enumerate it in its totality. So In this projects consist of finite population. 5.1.5 SAMPLE SIZE Nearly 50 sample are taken in Pondicherry locations. 5.1.6 FIELD WORK The field works is done at ACT Plastic Private Ltd., Metupalayam industrial Estate, Puducherry and plastic related companies locating in Puducherry

5.1.7 PERIOD OF SURVEY The period is from August 1, 2007 to September, 2007.

5.1.8 DESCRIPTION OF STATISTICAL TOOLS USED ? Percentage method ? Weighted average

5.2 PERCENTAGE METHOD:

In this project Percentage method test was used. The following are the formula

No of Respondent Percentage of Respondent = Total no. of Respondents x 100

5.4 WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD ? Weighted average can be defined as an average whose component items are multiplied by certain values (weights) and the aggregate of the products are divided by the total of weights. ? One of the limitations of simple arithmetic mean is that it gives equal importance to all the items of the distribution. ? In certain cases relative importance of all the items in the distribution is not the same. Where the importance of the items varies.

?

It is essential to allocate weight applied but may vary in different cases. Thus weightage is a number standing for the relative importance of the items.

CHAPTER-6
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

6.1 PERCENTAGE METHOD TABLE: 1 RESPONDENT ON TYPE OF INDUSTRY Type of Industry 1 2 3 4 5 Total Commodity Automobile Engineering Textile Medicine Frequency 18 7 11 6 8 50 Percent 36.0 14.0 22.0 12.0 16.0 100.0

CHART- 1: RESPONDENT ON TYPE OF INDUSTRY
40.0%

30.0%

Percent

20.0%
36.0%

10.0%
14.0%

22.0%

16.0% 12.0%

0.0% commodity automobile engineering textile medicine

type of industry

INFERENCE :

From the above bar diagram, we interpret that 36% is commodity ,14% is automobile , 22% is engineering ,12% is textile and 16% is medicine. TABLE: 2 RESPONDENTS ON BUSINESS PERIOD Business Period 1 2 3 4-5 years 6-10 years above 10 years Frequency 18 8 24 50 Percent 36.0 16.0 48.0 100.0

Total

CHART: 2 RESPONDENTS ON BUSINESS PERIOD

25

20

15

Count

24 48.0%

10
18 36.0%

5
8 16.0%

0 4-5 years 6-10 years above 10 years

beeing in this industry

INFERENCE :

From the above bar diagram, we interpret that most of industry exist above 10 years(48%) in the industry TABLE: 3 RESPONDENTS ON PREFERENCE TO PLACE THE ORDER

Preference to place the order 1 2 3 Based on demand Seasonal Periodically Total

Frequency 45 3 2 50

Percent 90.0 6.0 4.0 100.0

CHART: 3 RESPONDENTS ON PREFERENCE TO PLACE THE ORDER

50

40

Count

30

45 90.0%

20

10

0 based on demand

3 6.0%

2…

seasonal

periodically

placed an order

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, we interpret that most of the industry placed an order based on

demand ( 90%).

TABLE: 4 RESPONDENTS ON QUANITITY NEEDED PER MONTH

Quantity needed per month 1 2 6-15 ton 26-40 ton Total

Frequency 26 24 50

Percent 52.0 48.0 100.0

CHART: 4 RESPONDENTS ON QUANITITY NEEDED PER MONTH

60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

Percent

30.0%
52.0% 48.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% 6-15 ton 26-40 ton

quantity needed per month(injection molding)

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, we interpret that quantity of plastic needed per month (injection molding) for 6-15 ton is 52% and 26-40 ton is 48%.

TABLE: 5 RESPONDENTS ON SUPPLIERS RATING Suppliers rating 1 2 3 4 5 Much better Some what better About the same Some what worse Much worse Total Frequency 3 2 40 4 1 50 Percent 6.0 4.0 80.0 8.0 2.0 100.0

CHART: 5 RESPONDENTS ON SUPPLIERS RATING
comparing of present suppliers much better some what better about the same some what worse much worse

4 8.0%

1 2. 0 %

3 6.0% 2 4.…

40 80.0%

INFERENCE : From the above pie diagram, we interpret that most of the industry had opinion that similar products offered by other suppliers is about the same (80%) compare to present supplier.

TABLE: 6 RESPONDENTS ON SPECIFICATION NEEDED OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS Specification needed of plastics products 1 2 1-250 gms 251--500 gms Total Frequency 43 7 50 Percent 86.0 14.0 100.0

CHART: 6 RESPONDENTS ON SPECIFICATION NEEDED OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS

100.0%

80.0%

Percent

60.0%

86.0%

40.0%

20.0%

14.0%

0.0% 1-250 gms 251--500 gms

needed specification

INFERENCE: From the above bar diagram, we interpret that majority of the industries needed specification of plastic product is 1-250 grams (86%). TABLE: 7 RESPONDENTS ON TYPES OF RAW MATERIAL USING

Types of raw material 1 2 3 ABS Pphp & ppcp ALL THE RAW MATERIAL Total

Frequency 20 20 10 50

Percent 40.0 40.0 20.0 100.0

CHART: 7 RESPONDENTS ON TYPES OF RAW MATERIAL USING

type of raw material

20

15

Frequency

10

20 40.0%

20 40.0%

5

10 20.0%

0 ABS pphp&ppcp ALL THE RAW MATERIAL

type of raw material

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, we interpret that raw material used by more industry are ABS (40%)and PPHP & PPLP (40%)

TABLE: 8 RESPONDENTS ON QUANTITY NEEDED PER MONTH ( BLOW MOLDING) Quantity needed per month 1 2 6-15 ton 26-40 ton Total Frequency 26 24 50 Percent 52.0 48.0 100.0

CHART: 8 RESPONDENTS ON QUANTITY NEEDED PER MONTH ( BLOW MOLDING)

quantity needed per month(injection molding)

60

50

40

Percent

30
52.0% 48.0%

20

10

0 6-15 ton 26-40 ton

quantity needed per month(injection molding)

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, it is clear that 52% of the industry need 6-15 tons of blow molding per month.

TABLE: 9 RESPONDENTS ON DEMAND AFTER 2 YEARS IN INJECTION Demand after 2 year 1 2 26-40 ton above 40 ton Total Frequency 19 31 50 Percent 38.0 62.0 100.0

CHART: 9 RESPONDENTS ON DEMAND AFTER 2 YEARS IN INJECTION

60.0%

Percent

40.0%

62.0%

20.0%

38.0%

0.0% 26-40 ton above 40 ton

demand after 2 years(injection molding)

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, it has been forecasted that that 86% of the industry need above 40 tons of Injection Molding per month after 2 year.

TABLE: 10 RESPONDENTS ON SATISFATION satisfation 1 2 yes no Total Frequency 47 3 50 Percent 94.0 6.0 100.0

CHART: 10 RESPONDENTS ON SATISFATION

satisfied with plastic product

50

40

Frequency

30

47 94.0%

20

10

0 yes

3…

no

satisfied with plastic product

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, we interpret that in the Industries 94% are satisfied with the present supplier.

TABLE: 11 RESPONDENTS ON MAJOR SUPPLIERS Major suppliers Count Supreme Brite ACT SABA Sri mother plastics Vijay India Hitech plastics ACE Mahavir plastics Pondy hitech Other 28 10 12 18 6 2 4 2 6 7 5 Yes Percentage 56.0 20.0 24.0 36.0 12.0 4.0 8.0 4.0 12.0 14.0 10.0 Count 22 40 38 32 44 48 46 48 44 43 45 No Percentage 44.0 80.0 76.0 64.0 88.0 96.0 92.0 96.0 88.0 86.0 90.0

CHART: 11 RESPONDENTS ON MAJOR SUPPLIERS

5 .00% 7.00% 6.0 0% 2.00% 4 .00% 2 .00% 6.00% 10.00% 28 .00%

Row
sup reme bri te ACT SABA sri mother pl asti cs vijay i ndi a h itech plastics ACE m aha vi r pl asti cs p ondy hite ch o ther

18.00 %

12 .00%

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, it shows that 28% of market share occupied by supreme next to that is saba(18%) TABLE: 12 RESPONDENTS ON SATISFACTION LEVEL

Factor Price Safety and reliability Brand Delivery time Service

Highly satisfied Group 4 0 40 0 45

Satisfied Group 46 50 10 50 5

CHART: 12 RESPONDENTS ON SATISFACTION LEVEL

50

Row
pri ce safety and reli abl ili ty Brand Deli very time Service

40

Values

30

20

10

highly satisfi ed g roup

satisfi ed g roup

Column

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, it is clear that most of the industry highly satisfied with the service(90%) of supplier for purchasing raw material and most of them satisfied with the delivery time ,safety and reliability for purchasing raw material .

TABLE: 13 RESPONDENTS ON FACTORS INFLUENCE TO PURCHASE Factor influence to purchase Cost 1 2 safety and reliability 4 5 Brand 3 4 delivery time 2 3 Service 1 2 3 4 Count 43 7 8 42 25 25 43 7 7 8 18 17

CHART: 13 RESPONDENTS ON FACTORS INFLUENCE TO PURCHASE
Column : Count

17 18 8 7 7 43 7 8

Row
cost 1 cost 2 saf ety and reli abi lity 4 saf ety and reli abi lity 5 brand 3 brand 4 delivery t ime 2 delivery t ime 3 servi ce 1 servi ce 2 servi ce 3 servi ce 4

43

42

25

25

INFERENCE : From the above bar diagram, it is clear that most of the industries purchase raw material first because of low cost then second by delivery time followed by brand and service.

6.2WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD The respondents are asked about the satisfaction level. Their levels are calculated below. TABLE No: 6.2.1 Factor Price safety and reliability Brand Delivery time Service Source: Primary data TABLE No: 6.2.2 Point Weightage Factor Price Safety and Reliability Brand Delivery time Service 0 None 0 0 0 0 0 1 Highly dissatisfied 0 0 0 0 0 2 Dissatisfied 0 0 0 0 0 3 satisfied 15 150 150 30 138 4 Highly satisfied 180 0 0 160 16 Total 195 150 150 190 154 Avg. 3.90 3.00 3.00 3.80 3.08 Rank 1 4 5 2 3 None 0 0 0 0 0 Highly dissatisfies 0 0 0 0 0 Dissatisfied 0 0 0 0 0 satisfied 5 50 50 10 46 highly satisfied 45 0 0 40 4

Inference: Form the above calculation it is inferred that the respondents are giving more Weightage to the Price, Delivery time, Service, Safety and reliability and Brand respectively.

CHAPTER-7
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

? From the study if is found that 36% is commodity ,14% is automobile , 22% is engineering ,12% is textile and 16% is medicine ? From the study we found that most of industry exist above 10 years(48%) in the industry. 36 % of respondent have 4-5 years experience and 16 % have 6-10 years experience ? According to the study it is found that most of the industry placed an order based on demand ( 90%), and 6 % of the respondent placing the order on the basis of seasonal ? From the study it is found that quantity of plastic needed per month (injection molding) for 6-15 ton is 52% and 26-40 ton is 48%. ? In ACT Plastic according to the study it is found that, most of the industry had opinion that similar products offered by other suppliers is about the same(80%) compare to present supplier ? From that study it is found that majority of the industries needed specification of plastic product is 1-250 grams (86%) and 14 % of the respondent needed 251 – 500 gms ? It is found that raw material used by more industry are ABS (40%)and PPHP & PPLP (40%). 20 % of the respondent are using all kind of materials. ? It is found that, 52% of the industry need 6-15 tons of blow molding per month and 48 % of the respondent needed of the plastics upto 40 ton.

? According to this study it is found that , 62% of the industry need above 40 tons of Injection Molding per month after 2 year and 38 % of the respondent needed 26 – 40 tonns after 2 years per month ? It is found that, 94% are satisfied with the present supplier ? From the study it is found that 28% of market share occupied by supreme next to that is saba (18%) ? From the study it is found that, most of the industry highly satisfied with the service(90%) of supplier for purchasing raw material and most of them satisfied with the delivery time ,safety and reliability for purchasing raw material ? From the study it is found that, most of the industries purchase raw material first because of low cost then second by delivery time followed by brand and service

CHAPTER-8
SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

? Overall study it is observed that there is high quantity of plastics will be demanded in future. Many Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) and plastics needs company planning to setup the plant in Pondicherry. ? The company can installed the high technology injection moulding machines. Presently ACT Company using Low technology and manual machines, this can be changed. ? The company can follow the expansion strategy. ? The Company can for go for certification like TPM, EMS, and TS 16496

CHAPTER-9
CONCLUSION

In today’s business dynamic, knowledge and technology based, people are being called on take on higher and more complex responsibilities. With increased responsibility, comes higher impact on the organization’s success. Demand and forecasting, a main strategy for identify the market potential. The demand forecast gives the expected levels of demand for goods or services. This is the basic input for business planning and control. Hence, the decisions for all the functions of any corporate house are influenced by the demand forecast.

Finally, From the overall study of an analysis on demand and forecasting of plastic product the researcher may conclude that there is huge need of plastics will be demanded after 2 years in plastics sectors in Puducherry location. It may be Approximately 50 tons per month. This will happen due to many Original Equipment Manufacturing units planning to Setup Company in Puducherry Locations. Once the demands are identified, it would be possible for the management to take the necessary action to improve the business.

CHAPTER-10
LIMITATIONS

• • •

The study is based upon small populations like 50 samples

The time duration of the study is less than the expected

Since this is the new project called “demand and forecasting”, sufficient review of literature /case study is not available.

•

The Project data can be valid up to six months, Hence there are chances of changes in the findings and result obtained

CHAPTER-11
SCOPE FOR THE FURTHER STUDY

• • • •

The project throws light on the specification for plastic product in Puducherry

The project was developed to identify potential demand for plastic product

It will be helpful for the Management to expand the plant in future.

This project can be base for the students who are doing the project in the related area.

ANNEXURE - I

QUESTIONNAIRE

An Analysis on demand and forecast of plastics with reference to ACT plastics Private Limited, Puducherry. Questionnaire

1. Company Name:

………………………………….. ………………………………….. …………………………………..

2. Contact Person &Phone No:………………………………….. 3. Core Business: ……………………………………

4. What type of industry you belong to? a. Commodity b. Automobile c. Engineering d. Textile e. Medicine ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

f. Other, please specify …………………… 5. Since how long have you been in this industry? a. 1-3 yrs b. 3-5 yrs c. 5-10 yrs d. More than 10 yrs ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

6. Are you using plastic product? a. Yes. b. No ( ) ( )

7. Are you purchasing plastic parts from outside? a. Yes b. No ( ) ( )

8. If yes, what types of produt you are purchasing? a. Injection molded component b. Blow molding component. ( ) ( )

c. others specify………………………… 9. What type of process you prefer? a. Injection Moulding b. Blow Moulding c. Compression Moulding d. Thermoforming ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

10. Where are you buying plastic product? a. Puducherry b. Chennai c. Other state 11. Who are your major Suppliers? a. Supreme b. Brite c. ACT d. SABA e. Sri Mother Plastics f. Vijay India g. Hitech Plastics h. ACE i. j. Mahavir Plastics Pondy Hitech ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

k. Others, please specify …………………..

12. What is your preference to place an order? a. Based on demand b. Seasonal c. Periodically d. Yearly once ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

13. How much quantity(in metric ton) you need for a year ?

I. Injection Molding a. 1- 5 ton b. 6-15 ton c. 16-25 ton d. 25-40 ton e. More than 40 ton ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

II.

Blow Molding a. 1- 5 ton b. 6-15 ton c. 16-25 ton d. 25-40 ton e. More than 40 ton ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

14. What is your demand (in metric ton) after 2 years?

I. Injection Molding a. 1- 5 ton f. 6-15 ton g. 16-25 ton h. 25-40 ton i. More than 40 ton ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

II.

Blow Molding a. 1- 5 ton b. 6-15 ton c. 16-25 ton d. 25-40 ton e. More than 40 ton ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

15. What is the needed specification of your plastic products?

a. 1-250 gms b 250-500 gms c. 500-1000 gms d. 1-3 kgs e. More than 3

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

16. Thinking of similar products offered by other suppliers, How would you compare present product offered by your supplier?
a. Much better b. Some what better c. About the same d. Some what worse e. Much worse f. Don’t know ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

17. What type of raw materials you prefer in your plastic products? a. ABS b. HDPE c. PPHP&PPLP d. PC e. Nylon f. All the above ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

18. Are you satisfied with product quality? a. Yes b. No ( ) ( )

19. Rate the following factor that influence to purchase? a. Cost b. Safety and reliability c. Brand d. Delivery time e. Service ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

20. Mention your satisfaction level? Highly Satisfied a. Price Satisfied None Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied

b. Safety and Reliability

c. Brand

d.Deliverytime

21. How about your communication system to our company? a. Not effective b. Effective c. Very effective ( ) ( ) ( )

22. Do you want to switch over your present suppliers? a. Yes b. No. ( ) ( )

23. If yes, Please specify Name& reason ……………………………………

24. What is your expectation apart from these factors discussed above?

Please specify………………………………………………………….

ANNEXURE – II

II. BLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

1.Mr. Kothari, C.R., “Research Methodology - Methods & Techniques” Publishers- New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Second Edition, 2004. 2. Mr.Gupta, S.P., “Statistical Methods”, Sultan Chand & Sons Publishers, New Delhi, Thirty Fourth Editions, 2005. 3. Mr.R.Panneerselvam., “Production and Operations Management” Eastern Economy Edition Prentice –hall of India private limited.New Delhi, Second Edition 4 Mr.Philip Kotler., “ Marketing Management” Pearson Prentice Hall, Delhi , Twelfth Edition,2007

WEB SITES: 1. www.actpaintplast.com
2. www.marketch.org

3. www.highfuntioningautism.com 4. www.larsperner.com 5. www.ask.com 6. www.managementhelp.org



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