Description
A Research Reports On The Motivations Of Christian Pilgrims: A Cultural Heritage Site-St Nicholas Church In Myra, Motivation is a psychological feature that arouses an organism to act towards a desired goal and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal-directed behaviors. It can be considered a driving force; a psychological one that compels or reinforces an action toward a desired goal. For example, hunger is a motivation that elicits a desire to eat. Motivation is the purpose or psychological cause of an action.
A Research Reports On The Motivations Of Christian Pilgrims: A Cultural Heritage Site-St Nicholas Church In Myra
Abstract Cultural Heritage is a hallmark interest area in whole world with exhibitions, excavations, archaeological expeditions, museums and antique sites and undoubtly, pilgrimage tourism is a bridge between cultural heritage and tourism that playing an important role increasing this interest. Tied to cultural heritage with above mentioned elements, this paper attempts to investigate the motivations of tourists visiting to religious destinations that usually influenced by religious reasons. However, this might not be the available issue for all tourists, since visitors to religious sites may visit a destination not only for being pilgrimage, but also to satisfy various needs linked with social, cultural and recreational factors. In this way there are limited empiric researches that explore the links between cultural heritage and pilgrimage tourism and visitation patterns of tourists. So, an interview were made to Christian visitors of St. Nicholas Church in Myra during the summer season, 2012. In the end of the study motivations were defined based on tourists religious affiliation and have effects on choosing a pilgrimage destination. Keywords: motivation, pilgrimage tourism, St. Nicholas Church.
1.Introduction Researchers have used most theories of motivation in order to understand the factors that influence decision to making a journey. Refer to Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the field of tourism has been one of the oldest theories that lead to motivation (Maslow, 1943) and Burkart and Medlik (1981) divided tourism motivations into two groups; the motivation to travel that unknown and different cultures, people and traditions and places to see better conditions with a request for a specific purpose. However, despite their effectiveness, most motivations to travel are unable to perform. It's important not only why they want to travel but also learn the place that preferred which proporties it has. At this point, two issues arise: a) The willing and desires of man who want to travel, b) The demands that the place present.
1
Therefore, it's important to know which destination proporties are effective. When looking to literature, Dann's work about tourist motivation (1981) is seen as the most persistent and the current study. According to Dann (1977) there are push and pull factors that pushed to travel. Push factors direct the person to travel. It contains a lot of socio-psychological reasons. Pull factors are factors that appeal to tourists' needs and desires. Crompton (1979), had the same idea through nine motivation. They are escaping from the current request, self-discovery, relaxation, prestige, not to be front of people, make new friendships, social integration, innovation, and education. The first seven factors push and the last two factors identified as pull factors. According to Maya and Jarvis (1981), travel motivation divided into four. These include cultural, physical, personal and prestige and location factors. Motivations are used to identify sub-groups of tourism and seen useful to distinguish between different types of tourists. For example, Lang and O'Leary (1997) also identified motivation depending on the typology of tourists and based on these typologies distinguished e.g. eco tourists than the others.
1.1 Tourist Motivational Theories The study of tourist behavior and motivation has become an active and significant contributor in the overall analysis of tourism (Pearce, 1996). Working on the theory of human motivation and esteem needs, Maslow (1954) stated that all people in society have a desire for self-respect and self-esteem. Going forward, Maslow classified these needs into two subsidiary sets. These are, first, the desire for strength, achievement, adequacy, mastery, and competence; second, the desire for reputation or prestige, status, dominance, recognition, attention, importance, and appreciation. The theory proposed by Heckhausen (1980) explains that wants, expectations, and energy coalesce to produce motivation which can be applied to actions that are planned before execution. Heckhausen described that there are two transitional stages for the completion ofan action: intention formation and volition. According to Heckhausen, the first stage of motivation is the intention formation, and the second stage is the analytical evaluation of the intention. In other words, the motivation to visit a particular destination first originates from the intention or the desire to visit and then the individual analyzes the intention and decides which place to visit based on the nature of the intention. In his research on tourists' motivational theory, Dann (1977) proposed that the answer to the question "What makes tourists travel" lies primarily in the socio-psychological concepts of anomie and ego enhancement. The connection between "what makes tourists travel" and
2
the anomie society (a society suffering from lawlessness, anxiety, and uncertainty) from which they come thus acts as a hallmark for the current theoretical perspective. Traveling may provide the individual with a new social position that can be exploited for personal needs and recognition. This aspect of the escape motivation is termed ego enhancement. A tourist can go to a place where his/her social position is unknown and where he/she can feel superior as a result of this lack of knowledge. Travel not only represents fulfillment of certain basic needs in the potential tourist but that traveling offers the tourist an alternative world to that in which he/she lives daily (Dann, 1977). In addition, travel has the advantage of permitting the traveler to behave in a manner normally circumvented by the dictates of convention. This could be considered a motivation to visit reenactment sites where the tourists gets an opportunity to act and behave with absolutely different characteristics and attributes.
1.2. Cultural heritage tourism It's frequently quoted as being one of the largest and fastest growing segments of global tourism. It is an economic activity that is regarded as a means of access to culture, and culture, in turn, attracts tourism, which is now a well-established expression of globalization. Moreover, culture and heritage generate tourism flows with uneven and irregular geographic distribution, with tourist destinations dependent on cultural offerings, architectural riches, museums etc. Culture becomes a tourist attraction and also gives a sound argument for the preservation of a given region (McKercher, Ho, & du Cros, 2005). A number of niche markets, sometimes characterized as special-interest tourism, have emerged in the latter part of the twentieth century (Jansen-Verbeke, 1996). Cultural tourism has been identified as a new market that reflects changed needs and tastes though it is a form of tourism that has always existed. Tourism organizations commonly used one of two definitions of cultural tourism as assigned by the World Tourism Organization. First, a more specific view of cultural tourism was the movement of persons for essentially cultural motivations such as study/education tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travels to festivals and other cultural events, visits to sites and monuments, pilgrimages and travels to study nature, folklore and art. Second, a broader view encompasses all movements of people because the travel satisfies human needs for diversity through expanding cultural level of the individuals and providing knowledge through new experiences and encounters (Richards, 2002). Another way to approach cultural tourism was suggested by Kantanen and Tikkanen (2006) in that it is an entity constructed, preferred and consumed explicitly or implicitly as cultural appreciation either as experiences or through knowledge gaining.
3
The heritage has been used in cultural tourism to promote positive images of a site ortown. The towns declared World Heritage sites by UNESCO have an outstanding advantage to compete in the promotion and development of resources for tourism, because a cultural destination is greatly affected by its image (Milman & Pizam, 1995; Baloglu & McCleary, 1999; Castro, Armario, & Ruiz, 2007). Also, World Heritage site status positively influences the process of destination choice (Goodall, 1988; Gartner, 1989; Crompton & Ankomah, 1993). Moreover, destination image has a positive influence on perceived quality and satisfaction (Chon, 1991; Echtner & Ritchie, 1991; Ross, 1993). The heritage tourism has become a field of study well defined by scientific literature (Xiao & Smith, 2006). 'Cultural tourism' is applied to a wide range of activities: Heritage, attendance at performances of music, dance and theatre etc. The label 'cultural tourist' is used, too, regardless of whether the cultural event is the primary reason for the visit or whether incidental to some other. So various levels have been identified in tourists who visit historic sites, showing different behaviour and consumption patterns and big differences are detected even between 'specific' and 'general' cultural tourists (McKercher & du Cros, 2003). The segmentation criteria have been attitude, benefits (Frochot & Morrison, 2000; Frochot, 2005), demographics (Chen & Hsu, 2000; Chhabra, Sills, & Rea, 2002) or spending propensity (Caserta & Russo, 2002; Jang, Ismail, & Ham, 2002; Jang, Morrison, & O'Leary, 2004). One of the advantages of cultural tourism, as described by Jansen-Verbeke (1996), was to gain acceptance over other forms of tourism. As a result, there has been a growing interest in this kind of tourism from cultural and tourism organizations (Hughes, 2002). Cultural tourism has also gained popularity in response to changing travel trends and tourist demographics. Some of the more evident reasons include aging baby boomers who participate in travel, use of the Internet and other information technology regarding development of knowledge about travel destinations, increase in weekend travel, desire for diversity in tourism activities such as cultural tourism and demand for vacation packages (Chhabra, 2009). There are many studies on tourists' cultural motivations (Prentice, Witt, & Hamer, 1998; Chhabra, Healy, & Sills, 2003) that characterize the profile of such tourists as 'upmarket', with high socio-economic status (Kima, Chengb, & O'Leary, 2007). But there is only limited knowledge about its nature. It is necessary to conduct a range of analyses to ascertain in detail the motivations of cultural tourists and the factors related to culture, social class, enculturation and personality that influence what a tourist knows and is ready for and interested in. The association between tourist satisfaction and returning to or recommending the destination has been widely addressed (Beeho & Prentice, 1997; Bramwell, 1998; Kozak,
4
2001; Yoon & Uysal, 2005), but less work has been done on the motivations prompting destination choice for the first time. Insights into the tourist motivations are necessary to properly manage the heritage tourism (du Cros, 2001; McKercher, 2002; McKercher & du Cros, 2003). However, recent studies show that, in practice, managers of heritage sites have not correctly managed the motivation of the tourists (Beeho & Prentice, 1997; Garrod &Fyall, 2000; Watson & McCracken, 2002). The literature recognizes that some tourists are more highly motivated by cultural tourism than others (Tsiotsou & Vasaioti, 2006).
2. Method Tourist attractions where religious historic artefactst that presented are often regarded and approached as heritage attractions in the tourism literature. Murray and Graham (1997), for example, suggested that the Camino de Santiago can be seen as a heritage complex. It is known that heritage attractions are perceived differently by different people and are visited for various reasons such as their appearance (Russo, 2002) St. Nicholas Church in Myra is regarded as a heritage site as it is a historic construction of great importance to the monotheistic religions in general. Qualitative Research is one of the producting information process through understand change of community, organizational structure, their histories, style of people lifes (Strauss ve Corbin, 1990). Contrary to quantitative research which is based on statistical data analysis, qualitative research seeks answer to how is qualifying of issues and what kind of meanings they are loading (Dey, 1993). Storey (2007) declares that qualitative research target discovering of subjective view of people. Qualitative data is a kind of information that gets perception and thoughts about issues of people and contained with different technics as interview and observation in natural environment (Leech ve Onwuegbuzie, 2007). For this purpose, with the method of interviewing, to determine thoughts of Russian and German visitors on motivation, we asked open ended question and sect and strength of religious belief and the answers were examined in different periods between August-November, 2012. Tourists were selected between daily trip and weekly trip visitors of St. Nicholas through random sampling on 12-15 pm in day. To analysis of data, we used method of Cultural Analyse. As Honcock (2004) declared, purpose to studies about culture analyse is defining and commenting of specific groups. This defining generally is related to the frame of perceptions, processes and particular to that cultural conception. For this reason, use of the participants
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involved in the study of written and oral language, behavior patterns, perceptions and shared experiences emerge as areas of research may focus on (Y?ld?r?m ve ?im?ek, 2008:70). In this study, Myra and St. Nikolas church, which is the most visited of the two nationalities in the Russian and German tourists disqualified differences in perception about the religious motivations. Data analysis is done with descriptive analysis, or content analysis. The main aim of this research which is the subject of culture and in the process create a culture of identification of individuals or groups' perceptions, experiences and attitudes of the transfer of their perspectives. (Y?ld?r?m ve ?im?ek, 2008:71-72). Part of the descriptive analysis of the study were analyzed with SPSS 18 Package Program and the results presented in the table below as frequency analysis and quantitative data.
3. Findings According to Sect of Visitors and Strength of Visitors' Religious Belief Tables, mainly "Orthodoks" Visitors* (N=78) are coming and their opinion about strength of beliefs is "Neither not religious nor religious"** (N=50) and "Religious" (N=52).
Table 1. Sect of Visitors* Frequency Percent (%) Catholic Protestant Anglican Orthodoks Others Total 29 20 2 78 11 140 20,07 14,3 1,4 55,7 7,9 100,0
Table 2. Strength of Visitors' Religious Belief** Frequency Percent (%) Not religious at all Not religious Neither not religious nor religious Religious Religious at all Total 23 10 50 52 5 140 16,4 7,1 35,7 37,1 3,6 100,0
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Content analysis of the study were asked in order to uncover the answers given by means of open-ended questions about religious motivations of tourists on the experiences and thoughts (your satisfaction and dissatisfaction about St. Nicholas Church). Areas of the tour takes place for Russian tourists Myra, St. Nicholas Church and those with day tour to Kekova and German tourists outside the Myra and St. Nicholas about overall satisfaction 140 responses were received with the way Nikolas Russian tourists routes indicated by "Everything was very good," "Everything is so beautiful" statements, by German tourists "Very impressive" statements can be interpreted as a high degree of satisfaction. It's created a positive impact on the direction of the motivations emerged during our interviews and observations. However it was wanted to tourists in their time in St. Nicholas that they were uncomfortable and finally some results have been obtained to state. According to the German and Russian tourists in these areas of discomfort, as they are stated, "Sellers very insists," "Sellers are not so arrogant and so shopping here," "there are a lot of apartment surfing", "there are many visitors at the same time", "the spruikers are too much" are negative effect on expression levels of overall satisfaction. Taking action on issues such this, may be useful. German and Russian tourists had a negative thoughts in the direction of the visitors around the church and brochures and thinking of some services such as written material deficiencies in their own language. These improvements have been made by ministerial matters. Especially according to the Russian tourists indicated by higher levels of belief "in the church a long trip more sociable", "I want the church to be an active place of worship," "I want to have rituals", "I want to spend more time in the church", "? don't want glass in front of grave," "I want to pastor the church," "This is not a place of entertainment. We are coming to think of religion, "" should be a place to put candles and to pray, "" I want the Holy fountain". . Motivations of pilgrims who came with the purpose of both visiting and being pilgrim, will increase by assure their services.
4. Proposals 1. The tour programme should be arranged to visitors who come purpose of being pilgrim. 2. 6th of December is not just a ritual to activate, ?t should be also especially in high season
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3. After the renovation and restoration of the church to pray at certain times of the church museum with free admission opening and management of a certain separation between the dates should be arrenged. 4. It should be arrange the Church for worship properly 5. It should be brochurs about Church
This research relies on the reasoning discussed in the tourism literature that understanding of a tourist's experience of a site should be seen in relation to the links between the tourist and the site. More specifically, in the context of heritage tourism this experience should be based on a tourist's perception of the site in relation to his or her own heritage.
References
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doc_958018500.docx
A Research Reports On The Motivations Of Christian Pilgrims: A Cultural Heritage Site-St Nicholas Church In Myra, Motivation is a psychological feature that arouses an organism to act towards a desired goal and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal-directed behaviors. It can be considered a driving force; a psychological one that compels or reinforces an action toward a desired goal. For example, hunger is a motivation that elicits a desire to eat. Motivation is the purpose or psychological cause of an action.
A Research Reports On The Motivations Of Christian Pilgrims: A Cultural Heritage Site-St Nicholas Church In Myra
Abstract Cultural Heritage is a hallmark interest area in whole world with exhibitions, excavations, archaeological expeditions, museums and antique sites and undoubtly, pilgrimage tourism is a bridge between cultural heritage and tourism that playing an important role increasing this interest. Tied to cultural heritage with above mentioned elements, this paper attempts to investigate the motivations of tourists visiting to religious destinations that usually influenced by religious reasons. However, this might not be the available issue for all tourists, since visitors to religious sites may visit a destination not only for being pilgrimage, but also to satisfy various needs linked with social, cultural and recreational factors. In this way there are limited empiric researches that explore the links between cultural heritage and pilgrimage tourism and visitation patterns of tourists. So, an interview were made to Christian visitors of St. Nicholas Church in Myra during the summer season, 2012. In the end of the study motivations were defined based on tourists religious affiliation and have effects on choosing a pilgrimage destination. Keywords: motivation, pilgrimage tourism, St. Nicholas Church.
1.Introduction Researchers have used most theories of motivation in order to understand the factors that influence decision to making a journey. Refer to Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the field of tourism has been one of the oldest theories that lead to motivation (Maslow, 1943) and Burkart and Medlik (1981) divided tourism motivations into two groups; the motivation to travel that unknown and different cultures, people and traditions and places to see better conditions with a request for a specific purpose. However, despite their effectiveness, most motivations to travel are unable to perform. It's important not only why they want to travel but also learn the place that preferred which proporties it has. At this point, two issues arise: a) The willing and desires of man who want to travel, b) The demands that the place present.
1
Therefore, it's important to know which destination proporties are effective. When looking to literature, Dann's work about tourist motivation (1981) is seen as the most persistent and the current study. According to Dann (1977) there are push and pull factors that pushed to travel. Push factors direct the person to travel. It contains a lot of socio-psychological reasons. Pull factors are factors that appeal to tourists' needs and desires. Crompton (1979), had the same idea through nine motivation. They are escaping from the current request, self-discovery, relaxation, prestige, not to be front of people, make new friendships, social integration, innovation, and education. The first seven factors push and the last two factors identified as pull factors. According to Maya and Jarvis (1981), travel motivation divided into four. These include cultural, physical, personal and prestige and location factors. Motivations are used to identify sub-groups of tourism and seen useful to distinguish between different types of tourists. For example, Lang and O'Leary (1997) also identified motivation depending on the typology of tourists and based on these typologies distinguished e.g. eco tourists than the others.
1.1 Tourist Motivational Theories The study of tourist behavior and motivation has become an active and significant contributor in the overall analysis of tourism (Pearce, 1996). Working on the theory of human motivation and esteem needs, Maslow (1954) stated that all people in society have a desire for self-respect and self-esteem. Going forward, Maslow classified these needs into two subsidiary sets. These are, first, the desire for strength, achievement, adequacy, mastery, and competence; second, the desire for reputation or prestige, status, dominance, recognition, attention, importance, and appreciation. The theory proposed by Heckhausen (1980) explains that wants, expectations, and energy coalesce to produce motivation which can be applied to actions that are planned before execution. Heckhausen described that there are two transitional stages for the completion ofan action: intention formation and volition. According to Heckhausen, the first stage of motivation is the intention formation, and the second stage is the analytical evaluation of the intention. In other words, the motivation to visit a particular destination first originates from the intention or the desire to visit and then the individual analyzes the intention and decides which place to visit based on the nature of the intention. In his research on tourists' motivational theory, Dann (1977) proposed that the answer to the question "What makes tourists travel" lies primarily in the socio-psychological concepts of anomie and ego enhancement. The connection between "what makes tourists travel" and
2
the anomie society (a society suffering from lawlessness, anxiety, and uncertainty) from which they come thus acts as a hallmark for the current theoretical perspective. Traveling may provide the individual with a new social position that can be exploited for personal needs and recognition. This aspect of the escape motivation is termed ego enhancement. A tourist can go to a place where his/her social position is unknown and where he/she can feel superior as a result of this lack of knowledge. Travel not only represents fulfillment of certain basic needs in the potential tourist but that traveling offers the tourist an alternative world to that in which he/she lives daily (Dann, 1977). In addition, travel has the advantage of permitting the traveler to behave in a manner normally circumvented by the dictates of convention. This could be considered a motivation to visit reenactment sites where the tourists gets an opportunity to act and behave with absolutely different characteristics and attributes.
1.2. Cultural heritage tourism It's frequently quoted as being one of the largest and fastest growing segments of global tourism. It is an economic activity that is regarded as a means of access to culture, and culture, in turn, attracts tourism, which is now a well-established expression of globalization. Moreover, culture and heritage generate tourism flows with uneven and irregular geographic distribution, with tourist destinations dependent on cultural offerings, architectural riches, museums etc. Culture becomes a tourist attraction and also gives a sound argument for the preservation of a given region (McKercher, Ho, & du Cros, 2005). A number of niche markets, sometimes characterized as special-interest tourism, have emerged in the latter part of the twentieth century (Jansen-Verbeke, 1996). Cultural tourism has been identified as a new market that reflects changed needs and tastes though it is a form of tourism that has always existed. Tourism organizations commonly used one of two definitions of cultural tourism as assigned by the World Tourism Organization. First, a more specific view of cultural tourism was the movement of persons for essentially cultural motivations such as study/education tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travels to festivals and other cultural events, visits to sites and monuments, pilgrimages and travels to study nature, folklore and art. Second, a broader view encompasses all movements of people because the travel satisfies human needs for diversity through expanding cultural level of the individuals and providing knowledge through new experiences and encounters (Richards, 2002). Another way to approach cultural tourism was suggested by Kantanen and Tikkanen (2006) in that it is an entity constructed, preferred and consumed explicitly or implicitly as cultural appreciation either as experiences or through knowledge gaining.
3
The heritage has been used in cultural tourism to promote positive images of a site ortown. The towns declared World Heritage sites by UNESCO have an outstanding advantage to compete in the promotion and development of resources for tourism, because a cultural destination is greatly affected by its image (Milman & Pizam, 1995; Baloglu & McCleary, 1999; Castro, Armario, & Ruiz, 2007). Also, World Heritage site status positively influences the process of destination choice (Goodall, 1988; Gartner, 1989; Crompton & Ankomah, 1993). Moreover, destination image has a positive influence on perceived quality and satisfaction (Chon, 1991; Echtner & Ritchie, 1991; Ross, 1993). The heritage tourism has become a field of study well defined by scientific literature (Xiao & Smith, 2006). 'Cultural tourism' is applied to a wide range of activities: Heritage, attendance at performances of music, dance and theatre etc. The label 'cultural tourist' is used, too, regardless of whether the cultural event is the primary reason for the visit or whether incidental to some other. So various levels have been identified in tourists who visit historic sites, showing different behaviour and consumption patterns and big differences are detected even between 'specific' and 'general' cultural tourists (McKercher & du Cros, 2003). The segmentation criteria have been attitude, benefits (Frochot & Morrison, 2000; Frochot, 2005), demographics (Chen & Hsu, 2000; Chhabra, Sills, & Rea, 2002) or spending propensity (Caserta & Russo, 2002; Jang, Ismail, & Ham, 2002; Jang, Morrison, & O'Leary, 2004). One of the advantages of cultural tourism, as described by Jansen-Verbeke (1996), was to gain acceptance over other forms of tourism. As a result, there has been a growing interest in this kind of tourism from cultural and tourism organizations (Hughes, 2002). Cultural tourism has also gained popularity in response to changing travel trends and tourist demographics. Some of the more evident reasons include aging baby boomers who participate in travel, use of the Internet and other information technology regarding development of knowledge about travel destinations, increase in weekend travel, desire for diversity in tourism activities such as cultural tourism and demand for vacation packages (Chhabra, 2009). There are many studies on tourists' cultural motivations (Prentice, Witt, & Hamer, 1998; Chhabra, Healy, & Sills, 2003) that characterize the profile of such tourists as 'upmarket', with high socio-economic status (Kima, Chengb, & O'Leary, 2007). But there is only limited knowledge about its nature. It is necessary to conduct a range of analyses to ascertain in detail the motivations of cultural tourists and the factors related to culture, social class, enculturation and personality that influence what a tourist knows and is ready for and interested in. The association between tourist satisfaction and returning to or recommending the destination has been widely addressed (Beeho & Prentice, 1997; Bramwell, 1998; Kozak,
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2001; Yoon & Uysal, 2005), but less work has been done on the motivations prompting destination choice for the first time. Insights into the tourist motivations are necessary to properly manage the heritage tourism (du Cros, 2001; McKercher, 2002; McKercher & du Cros, 2003). However, recent studies show that, in practice, managers of heritage sites have not correctly managed the motivation of the tourists (Beeho & Prentice, 1997; Garrod &Fyall, 2000; Watson & McCracken, 2002). The literature recognizes that some tourists are more highly motivated by cultural tourism than others (Tsiotsou & Vasaioti, 2006).
2. Method Tourist attractions where religious historic artefactst that presented are often regarded and approached as heritage attractions in the tourism literature. Murray and Graham (1997), for example, suggested that the Camino de Santiago can be seen as a heritage complex. It is known that heritage attractions are perceived differently by different people and are visited for various reasons such as their appearance (Russo, 2002) St. Nicholas Church in Myra is regarded as a heritage site as it is a historic construction of great importance to the monotheistic religions in general. Qualitative Research is one of the producting information process through understand change of community, organizational structure, their histories, style of people lifes (Strauss ve Corbin, 1990). Contrary to quantitative research which is based on statistical data analysis, qualitative research seeks answer to how is qualifying of issues and what kind of meanings they are loading (Dey, 1993). Storey (2007) declares that qualitative research target discovering of subjective view of people. Qualitative data is a kind of information that gets perception and thoughts about issues of people and contained with different technics as interview and observation in natural environment (Leech ve Onwuegbuzie, 2007). For this purpose, with the method of interviewing, to determine thoughts of Russian and German visitors on motivation, we asked open ended question and sect and strength of religious belief and the answers were examined in different periods between August-November, 2012. Tourists were selected between daily trip and weekly trip visitors of St. Nicholas through random sampling on 12-15 pm in day. To analysis of data, we used method of Cultural Analyse. As Honcock (2004) declared, purpose to studies about culture analyse is defining and commenting of specific groups. This defining generally is related to the frame of perceptions, processes and particular to that cultural conception. For this reason, use of the participants
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involved in the study of written and oral language, behavior patterns, perceptions and shared experiences emerge as areas of research may focus on (Y?ld?r?m ve ?im?ek, 2008:70). In this study, Myra and St. Nikolas church, which is the most visited of the two nationalities in the Russian and German tourists disqualified differences in perception about the religious motivations. Data analysis is done with descriptive analysis, or content analysis. The main aim of this research which is the subject of culture and in the process create a culture of identification of individuals or groups' perceptions, experiences and attitudes of the transfer of their perspectives. (Y?ld?r?m ve ?im?ek, 2008:71-72). Part of the descriptive analysis of the study were analyzed with SPSS 18 Package Program and the results presented in the table below as frequency analysis and quantitative data.
3. Findings According to Sect of Visitors and Strength of Visitors' Religious Belief Tables, mainly "Orthodoks" Visitors* (N=78) are coming and their opinion about strength of beliefs is "Neither not religious nor religious"** (N=50) and "Religious" (N=52).
Table 1. Sect of Visitors* Frequency Percent (%) Catholic Protestant Anglican Orthodoks Others Total 29 20 2 78 11 140 20,07 14,3 1,4 55,7 7,9 100,0
Table 2. Strength of Visitors' Religious Belief** Frequency Percent (%) Not religious at all Not religious Neither not religious nor religious Religious Religious at all Total 23 10 50 52 5 140 16,4 7,1 35,7 37,1 3,6 100,0
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Content analysis of the study were asked in order to uncover the answers given by means of open-ended questions about religious motivations of tourists on the experiences and thoughts (your satisfaction and dissatisfaction about St. Nicholas Church). Areas of the tour takes place for Russian tourists Myra, St. Nicholas Church and those with day tour to Kekova and German tourists outside the Myra and St. Nicholas about overall satisfaction 140 responses were received with the way Nikolas Russian tourists routes indicated by "Everything was very good," "Everything is so beautiful" statements, by German tourists "Very impressive" statements can be interpreted as a high degree of satisfaction. It's created a positive impact on the direction of the motivations emerged during our interviews and observations. However it was wanted to tourists in their time in St. Nicholas that they were uncomfortable and finally some results have been obtained to state. According to the German and Russian tourists in these areas of discomfort, as they are stated, "Sellers very insists," "Sellers are not so arrogant and so shopping here," "there are a lot of apartment surfing", "there are many visitors at the same time", "the spruikers are too much" are negative effect on expression levels of overall satisfaction. Taking action on issues such this, may be useful. German and Russian tourists had a negative thoughts in the direction of the visitors around the church and brochures and thinking of some services such as written material deficiencies in their own language. These improvements have been made by ministerial matters. Especially according to the Russian tourists indicated by higher levels of belief "in the church a long trip more sociable", "I want the church to be an active place of worship," "I want to have rituals", "I want to spend more time in the church", "? don't want glass in front of grave," "I want to pastor the church," "This is not a place of entertainment. We are coming to think of religion, "" should be a place to put candles and to pray, "" I want the Holy fountain". . Motivations of pilgrims who came with the purpose of both visiting and being pilgrim, will increase by assure their services.
4. Proposals 1. The tour programme should be arranged to visitors who come purpose of being pilgrim. 2. 6th of December is not just a ritual to activate, ?t should be also especially in high season
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3. After the renovation and restoration of the church to pray at certain times of the church museum with free admission opening and management of a certain separation between the dates should be arrenged. 4. It should be arrange the Church for worship properly 5. It should be brochurs about Church
This research relies on the reasoning discussed in the tourism literature that understanding of a tourist's experience of a site should be seen in relation to the links between the tourist and the site. More specifically, in the context of heritage tourism this experience should be based on a tourist's perception of the site in relation to his or her own heritage.
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