A PROJECT REPORT ON ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMERS USING GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (GSM) IN HYDERABAD
Project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this Project Report titled “Analysis of Customers IN using Global System by for me Mobile to the
Communications(GSM)
HYDE A!AD"
Submitted
Department of ##### is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any other University or Institution for the award any degree diploma/certificate or published any time before
!!!!! Date"
Signature of the Student
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ABSTRACT:
Indian mobile industry has witnessed a dramatic rowth! "hea# mobile
handsets$ a%%ordable airtime rates$ low initial cost and a%%ordable monthly rentals made it easy %or anybody to o mobile! As #er latest
statistics India has around &'( million mobile subscribers! In India where the youth constitute ma)ority o% the #o#ulation a war between the ser*ice #ro*iders is on to ca#ture this mar+et! Students contribute ,(- o% youth #o#ulation! The ob)ecti*e o% this study is to %ind the o#inion o% the student who is already usin any o% the ser*ice #ro*ider and the satis%action le*el o%
the ser*ice #ro*ided! Air Tel$ .oda%one$ Idea$ "ell one are the %our com#anies which are included in study!
/rimary source0
A well structured 1uestionnaire is #re#ared to +now the res#ondents o#inion about the ser*ice o% their ser*ice #ro*ider!
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Secondary Source0
Di%%erent web sites$ com#any re#orts$ research com#any2s re#orts 3Mc4insey$ /5"$ etc!!!6! The sam#le si7e ta+en %or study is 8((! Thou h the %i ures show Air Tel has ma)or share in mar+et$ study has shown that amon student community to which the study is conducted
.oda%one has lar er share than Air Tel! Reasons li+e /ac+a es o%%ered by .oda%one are attractin students$ which ma+es it a ha*e a lar er ood com#are to the other
share! Ser*ices and networ+ o% Air Tel is
#layers in the mar+et but it is .ODAFONE which o%%ers better #ac+a es!
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
I would li+e to e9#ress my
ratitude to :::: Faculty o% uidance$ constructi*e
MAR4ETIN; and /ro)ect ;uide$ %or his ins#irin
criticism and #ersonal interest he has ta+en %or the com#letion o% #ro)ect titled$ <ANA=>SIS OF "USTOMERS USIN; ;SM SER.I"E
/RO.IDERS IN AND?RA /RADES?@!
I am also than+%ul %or the encoura ement e9tended by ::::$ Director o% the colle e!!
I e9tended my sincere than+s to my %riends who hel#ed me in com#letion o% the #ro)ect!
::::
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE DATA ANALYSIS & INTERRETATION CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS QUESTIONNAIRE BIBLOGRAPHY
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In last decade Indian mobile #hone industry has witnessed a dramatic rowth! "hea# mobile handsets$ a%%ordable airtime rates$ low
initial cost and a%%ordable monthly rentals made it easy %or anybody to o mobile! As #er latest statistics India has around &'( million mobile subscribers! I% the ser*ice #ro*iders ca#ture another &( to &, - share in untouched mar+et it is hu e business %or the ma)or ser*ice #ro*iders in the mar+et! In the Indian #o#ulation we ha*e '(- youth in that ma)or #art is the student community! Now a day A out o% , students are usin mobile #hones most o% the students are oin %or the mobile #hones to
stay connected with their #arents and %riends! The ser*ice #ro*iders are introducin di%%erent #ac+a es and they are i*in di%%erent o%%ers
to ca#ture the student community! The subscribers will o#t to one ser*ice #ro*ider i% they are satis%ied with the ser*ice o%%ered is meetin their e9#ectations! In that
the networ+ o% the ser*ice #ro*ider will #lay a *ital role! The students are o#tin %or a ser*ice #ro*ider i% they are ettin ood #ac+a es$
latest technolo y$ and uninterru#ted networ+!
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NEED FOR STUDY:
The mobile industry in India continues to row at a ra#id #ace!
India has about &,B!C million ;SMDbased mobile subscribers at the end o% December 8((C$ accordin to %i ures released by the
"ellular O#erators Association o% India 3"OAI6 ! The subscriber base re#resents a si ni%icant increase on the B,!C million ;SM customers re#orted at the same time last year and shows healthy monthly rowth! Bharti Airtel consolidated its #osition as India2s lar est ;SM o#erator in October$ addin million mar+! Number two ;SM o#erator .oda%one Essar$ which ado#ted the .oda%one brand in Se#tember$ added o*er &!, million customers in October to ta+e its total base to around E( million! IDEA "ellular has licenses to o#erate in && circles 5ith a customer base o% o*er &C million! BSN= is the ne9t lar est #layer in the Indian mar+et with &8!CE million customers! o*er 8 million customers to brea+ the '(
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OBFE"TI.ES0
? To com#are e%%iciency and 1uality o% the ser*ice #ro*iders! ? To measure the mar+et share o% ma)or ser*ice #ro*iders amon student community!
MET?ODO=O;> OF STUD>0
? Data is collected %rom the #rimary and secondary sources! ? /rimary Source0 A well structured 1uestionnaire is #re#ared to +now the res#ondents o#inion! ? Secondary Source0 Di%%erent web sites$ com#any re#orts$ research com#anies re#orts 3Mc4insey$ /5"$ etc!!!6!
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SAMPLE SELECTION:
A sam#le is +nown as the subunit o% #o#ulation which shares the similar %eatures! The number o% units in the sam#le is +nown as the sam#le si7e! In this study a sam#le si7e o% 8((! ?ere$ in this conte9t a sam#le re%ers to the subscribers o% the ma)or ;SM ser*ice #ro*iders in and around ?yderabad co*ered by the study! A%ter the selection o% sam#le$ the sam#lin method. was done based on the con*enient sam#lin
ANA=>SIS0
The collected data has been coded and re#resented the
dia rammatically in the %orm o% bar dia rams by calculatin
res#ondents and #ercenta e! Based on this suitable inter#retations were made!
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Based on the res#onses obtained and recommendations were retainin
athered data suitable
i*en which can hel# the ser*ice #ro*iders in
their subscribers!
=IMITATIONS0
? The res#onses may *ary %rom one subscriber to another! The res#onses e9#erience! i*en may be biased and de#end u#on the a e and
? Data collected cannot be asserted to be %ree %rom errors$ as the sam#le si7e is small ? In s#ite o% ta+in all the necessary measures there is a chance in
occurrence o% minor errors due to the lac+ o% e9#erience on the #art o% researcher!
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Mar$eting
esearc%&
research is de%ined as the <Systematic desi n$ o% data and %indin s rele*ant to a the com#any! Mar+etin lobally$ accordin Research is to ESOMAR$
Mar+etin
collection$ analysis$ and re#ortin s#eci%ic mar+etin situation %acin
now about a USG&'!, billion industry
the 5orld Association o% O#inion and Mar+et Research /ro%essionals! A com#any can hire the ser*ices o% a mar+etin research
%irm or conduct research in creati*e and a%%ordable ways such as0 • En a in #ro%essors or students to desi n and conduct
studies! Many lar e com#anies hire summer trainees %rom mana ement institutions %or costDe%%ecti*e mar+et research year a%ter year! Awardin li*e #ro)ects to MBA students as
#art o% their course wor+ is also a common #ractice! • Monitorin #ublished in%ormation and actions news
systematically! This may be done by e9aminin
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#a#ers$ web sites$ and industry re#orts and by *isitin com#etiti*e outlets!
E%%ecti*e mar+etin • Ste# &0
research in*ol*es si9 ste#s! They are0 the #roblem and the research
De%ine
ob)ecti*es! • • • • • Ste# 80 De*elo# the research #lan! Ste# A0 "ollect the In%ormation! Ste# E0 Analy7e the In%ormation! Ste# ,0 /resent the Findin s! Ste# '0 Ma+e the Decision!
MOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA:
IndiaHs 8&!,B millionDline tele#hone networ+ is the lar est in Asia$ Ard lar est amon emer in economies 3a%ter "hina and Re#ublic o%
4orea6 and the &8th lar est in the world! IndiaHs telecom networ+ com#rises o% 8C$C,A tele#hone e9chan es$ with a total e1ui##ed ca#acity o% 8C8!&C =a+h lines and 88'!A =a+h wor+in =on tele#hones! The
Distance Transmission Networ+ has nearly &$C($((( route
+ilometers o% terrestrial Microwa*e Radio Relay I "oDa9ial cables and about &C&$((( route +ilometers o% O#tical Fiber "ables! Fully automatic International Subscriber Dialin 3ISD6 ser*ice is a*ailable to almost all
the countries! The total number o% stations connected to National Subscriber Dialin 3NSD6 is o*er &J$((( and this is increasin %ast! >et
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the #resent teleDdensity is *ery low at about 8!8 #er hundred #ersons$ o%%erin a *ast sco#e %or rowth! In the %ield o% International
communications$ tremendous #ro ress was made by the use o% Satellite "ommunication and submarine lin+s! It is there%ore not sur#risin that India has one o% the %astest rowin telecommunication rowin
systems in the world with system si7e 3total connections6
at an a*era e o% more than 8( #ercent o*er the last E years!
The
*oice
and
nonD*oice
telecom
ser*ices
include
data
transmission$ %acsimile$ mobile radio$ radio #a in $ .DSAT and leased line ser*ices to cater to *ariety o% needs$ both residential and business! A dedicated /ac+et Switched /ublic Data Networ+ 3IDNET6 with international access %or com#uter communication ser*ices is also a*ailable! ISDN ser*ice has already been introduced in the ma)or cities! Other ser*ices li+e Intelli ent Networ+ 3IN6$ Frame Relay 3FR6 and Asynchronous a##lications Trans%er will be Mode 3ATM6 %or in wide the band near multimedia %uture!
introduced
In the %ield o% international communications$ IndiaHs o*erseas ser*ice carrier .idesh Sanchar Ni am =td! 3.SN=6 has made
tremendous #ro ress by usin
e9tensi*e in%rastructure o% satellite ateways$ O#tical Fiber Multi
earth stations$ stateDo%DtheDart di ital
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Media
submarine
"ables
and
Multi
Media
Data
Switches!
Fully
automatic international subscriber dialin
3ISD6 ser*ice is #ro*ided to
almost all the countries in the world! In %uture$ .SN= is #ositionin itsel% to #ro*ide bandwidth on demand$ ;lobal .irtual /ri*ate
Networ+s$ ISDN$ BDISDN$ .SATs$ MiniDM and hand held /ersonal "ommunications! The telecommunications initiati*e in the country is led by Ministry o% "ommunications throu h the De#artment o% Telecommunication I De#artment Telecom Ser*ices and its underta+in s %or #ro*ision o% basic tele#hone ser*ices$ national and international lon communications$ manu%acture o% com#lete ran e o% distance telecom
e1ui#ment$ research and de*elo#ment$ and consultancy ser*ices! The Telecom "ommission #er%orms the E9ecuti*e and /olicy ma+in %unctions! The Telecom Re ulatory Authority o% India #er%orms the %unctions o% an inde#endent re ulatory body!
Ser*ices O%%ered
• • • • • •
Tele#hone Ser*ices NSDKISD Ser*ices "om#uteri7ed Trun+ Ser*ices /ay /hones National I International =eased =ines "ircuits Tele9
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Tele ra#h Ser*ices 3Manual I Automatic6
8, based /ac+et Switched Data Networ+ 3INET6 ;ateway /ac+et Switched Data Ser*ices 3;/SS6 ;ateway Electronic Data Interchan e Ser*ice 3;EDIS6 ;ateway EDMail and Store I Forward FA: Ser*ice 3;EMSDE((6 "oncert /ac+et Ser*ice 3"/S6 SatelliteDbased Remote Area Business Messa e Networ+ Electronic Mail .oice Mail AudioDTe9t Radio /a in "ellular Mobile Tele#hone /ublic Mobile Radio Trun+ed Ser*ice .ideoDTe9 .ideo "on%erencin .DSAT Internet ISDN INMARSAT Mobile Ser*ice INMARSAT Data Ser*ice ?ome "ountry Direct Ser*ice Intelli ent Networ+ 3IN6 Ser*ices
"ellular and /a in
Ser*ices
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"ellular and #a in
ser*ices thou h not a *ery old means o%
communication in India has *ery ra#idly cau ht the ima ination o% the #eo#le! The re*olution that started with #a ers soon Mobile #hones! /a ers bein a*e way to
one way and with limited a##lication ha*e
almost disa##eared$ as mobiles became the %a*orite! 5ith more and more inno*ati*e o%%ers li+e #re#aid cards %rom telecom ser*ice o#erators$ the mobile culture is rowin ! 5ith more #layers enterin rown stron er$ caterin to the
the mar+et$ the com#etition has
demands o% consumers! .ODAFONE$ Airtel$ Idea and Reliance are doin *ery well and are always comin is a ra in %a*orite amon u# with new schemes and #lans! SMS and the old! A shi%t towards
both the youn
mobile tele#hony is a##arent %rom the %act that the share o% cellular connections in new connections is Steadily oin u# and had reached 'A- in December 8((8!
"ell #hones now come chea#er and so does the monthly bill! As a result one can still hear some rud es %rom ser*ice #ro*iders as they
claim lac+ o% use o% enou h airtime to ma+e it a #ro%itable business!
Today$ India has 88 #ri*ate com#anies #ro*idin
cellular ser*ices
in &J telecom circles and E metro cities 3Delhi$ Mumbai$ "hennai and "alcutta6! E*er since their introduction$ cellular ser*ices ha*e shown a %air rowth with the subscriber base crossin the & million mar+ by the
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%irst 1uarter o% &BBB!India has ado#ted the ;lobal System o% Mobile "ommunication 3;SM6 %or #ro*ision o% cellular ser*ices! The cellular ser*ices in India o#erate in the %re1uency band JB(DB(8!, M?7 K BA,D BEC!, M?7! In metro cities$ each o#erator has been allocated a %re1uency s#ectrum o% '!8L'!8 M?7 3e9ce#t "hennai where ,!JL,!J M?7 s#ectrum has been allocated6$ while %or other telecom circles a s#ectrum o% E!E LE!E M?7 has been allocated!
"ellular Mobile Tele#hone Ser*ice /ro*iders
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Bharti "ellular =td Sterlin "ellular =td
B/= Mobile "ommunications =td .ODAFONEison Ma9 Telecom =td Modi Telstra /*t! =td Usha Martin Tele+om =td R/; "ellular Sera*ices =td S+ycell "ommunications /*t! =td Airtel Di ilin+ India =td Fascel =td ?e9acom India =td FT Mobiles =td 4oshi+a Telecom /*t! =td Tata "ommunications /*t! =td Escotel Mobile "omm! /*t! =td
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• • • • • • •
Bharti Telenet =td R/; "ellcom =td Modicom Networ+ /*t! =td Birla ATIT "omm! =td Reliance Telecom =td B/= "ellular =td Srini*as "ellcom =td
=etters and Tele rams
=etters ha*e been written %rom a es and the Indian /ostal ser*ice is one o% the bi est and most e9#erienced ser*ices! About B(- o%
the #ostal outlets are in rural India! On an a*era e a #ost o%%ice co*ers an area o% about 8& s1! +m and a #o#ulation o% about '$'(( #eo#le! The Indian #ostal system currently #ro*ides AJ ser*ices which can be cate ori7ed as "ommunication0 letters$ #ostcards$ news#a#ers Trans#ortation0 #arcels$ money orders etc! Other ser*ices0 resource mobili7ation$ #ostal li%e insurance #ostal ser*ices$ the whole country has been di*ided into
• • •
For #ro*idin
twentyDtwo #ostal circles! Each "ircle is coterminous with a State e9ce#t %or some! Besides these twentyDtwo circles$ there is another circle$ called Base "ircle$ to cater to the #ostal communication needs o%
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the
Armed
Forces!
Telecommunication in%rastructure was established in India in &J,'! They were tele ra#hic data communication lin+s #rinci#ally %or
o*ernment and military use! Tele rams bein
the %astest means o%
communication in areas where #hone lines did not reach$ led to its use by the common man! E*en now #hone lines do not connect many interior re ions o% India and the tele ram is used to %ill in the ?owe*er it is a %ast disa##earin a#!
means o% communication$ as
connecti*ity in India both in terms o% tele#hone lines and wireless communication has ra#idly rown!
"ourier ser*ices
Time was when one had to wait %or wee+s to ether to see the other #erson recei*e im#ortant document! The common man had no access to %a9 machines nor was he aware o% its utility! Then came alon the s#eed #ost$ which too too+ about a wee+ to deli*er! The start
o% #ri*ate courier ser*ices howe*er chan ed all that! Documents could now reach within the day or by the ne9t day! Moreo*er they are more reliable as chances o% mis#lacement are minimal! Today businesses as well as indi*iduals are increasin ly de#endant on the courier ser*ice!
Internet
Once the Internet mar+et s#ace was o#ened u# to #ri*ate - 17 -
Internet Ser*ice /ro*iders 3IS/s6 in &BBJ$ the mar+et has witnessed #henomenal rowth! In certain states there has been a hi h
#ercenta e in #enetration$ but in others it has been slow due to low telecom #enetration$ low bandwidth and abo*e all illiteracy! All tourist s#ots howe*er are more or less connected to the net! "yber ca%es are as common a si ht as tele#hone booths and connecti*ity in India has arri*ed %or the common man! One need no lon er in*est in a com#uter$ which is still a costly commodity! Thou h email and Internet browsin remain the %a*orite #ur#oses eDcommerce and eDbusiness ha*e #ut their %oot in! Ban+s ha*e now %acilitated Internet ban+in ! The Indian Railways o%%ers a com#uteri7ed reser*ation system which enables a #erson to boo+ his tic+ets online and %rom anywhere! It also #ro*ides other ser*ices li+e railway timetables and tic+et a*ailability! Airlines boo+in s$ Mo*ie tic+et boo+in s$ hos#ital a##ointments and e*en consultations are widely a*ailable! "onnecti*ity is %ast s#readin areas and the Internet is becomin in all
more and more user %riendly!
Facilities in connecti*ity are easily a*ailable e*en thou h not a *ery hi h #ercenta e o% Indians use these %acilities!
The
ood news is that with im#ro*ements in bandwidth and
#enetration o% Internet throu h /"s as well as cable T.$ the Internet user base in India will e9#and by lea#s and bounds! The cable route in %act is bein touted as a si ni%icant #athway %or the #roli%eration o% the
Internet in India! India already boasts o% AC million cable connections
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3e9#ected to )um# to &(( million by 8((J6$ which could additionally be con*erted into Internet connections! Than+s to the wireless a##lication #rotocol 35A/6$ Internet is comin to India throu h mobile #hones as
well! .oice o*er I/$ a dream so %ar %or India$ too is e9#ected to be reality in the %uture!
Hist !" # GSM:
Durin e9#eriencin the early &BJ(s$ analo ra#id cellular tele#hone systems were
rowth in Euro#e$ #articularly in Scandina*ia and
the United 4in dom$ but also in France and ;ermany! Each country de*elo#ed its own system$ which was incom#atible with e*eryone elseHs in e1ui#ment and o#eration! This was an undesirable situation$ because not only was the mobile e1ui#ment limited to o#eration within national boundaries$ which in a uni%ied Euro#e were increasin ly unim#ortant$ but there was also a *ery limited mar+et %or each ty#e o% e1ui#ment$ so economies o% scale and the subse1uent sa*in s could not be reali7ed! The Euro#eans reali7ed this early on$ and in &BJ8 the "on%erence o% Euro#ean /osts and Tele ra#hs 3"E/T6 %ormed a study rou# called the
;rou#e S#ecial Mobile 3;SM6 to study and de*elo# a #anDEuro#ean #ublic land mobile system! The #ro#osed system had to meet certain criteria0 ;ood sub)ecti*e s#eech 1uality
•
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• • • • • •
=ow terminal and ser*ice cost Su##ort %or international roamin Ability to su##ort handheld terminals Su##ort %or ran e o% new ser*ices and %acilities S#ectral e%%iciency ISDN com#atibility
In &BJB$ ;SM res#onsibility was trans%erred to the Euro#ean Telecommunication Standards Institute 3ETSI6$ and #hase I o% the ;SM s#eci%ications were #ublished in &BB(! "ommercial ser*ice was started in midD&BB&$ and by &BBA there were A' ;SM networ+s in 88 countries ! Althou h standardi7ed in Euro#e$ ;SM is not only a Euro#ean standard! O*er 8(( ;SM networ+s 3includin D"S&J(( and
/"S&B((6 are o#erational in &&( countries around the world! In the be innin which had o% &BBE$ there were &!A million subscribers worldwide$ rown to more than ,, million by October &BBC! 5ith North a delayed entry into the ;SM %ield with a deri*ati*e o%
America ma+in
;SM called /"S&B(($ ;SM systems e9ist on e*ery continent$ and the acronym ;SM now a#tly stands %or ;lobal System %or Mobile
communications! The de*elo#ers o% ;SM chose an un#ro*en 3at the time6 di ital system$ as o##osed to the thenDstandard analo cellular systems li+e
AM/S in the United States and TA"S in the United 4in dom! They had %aith that ad*ancements in com#ression al orithms and di ital si nal - 20 -
#rocessors would allow the %ul%illment o% the ori inal criteria and the continual im#ro*ement o% the system in terms o% 1uality and cost! The o*er J((( #a es o% ;SM recommendations try to allow %le9ibility and com#etiti*e inno*ation to amon su##liers$ #ro#er but #ro*ide enou h the
standardi7ation
uarantee
interwor+in
between
com#onents o% the system! This is done by #ro*idin
%unctional and
inter%ace descri#tions %or each o% the %unctional entities de%ined in the system!
RADIO INTERFACE
;SM is a cellular networ+$ which means that mobile #hones connect to it by searchin %or cells in the immediate *icinity! ;SM
networ+s o#erate in %our di%%erent %re1uency ran es! Most ;SM networ+s o#erate in the B(( M?7 or &J(( M?7 bands! Some countries in the Americas 3includin the United States and "anada6 use the J,(
M?7 and &B(( M?7 bands because the B(( and &J(( M?7 %re1uency bands were already allocated! The rarer E(( and E,( M?7 %re1uency bands are assi ned in some countries$ notably Scandina*ia$ where these %re1uencies were
#re*iously used %or %irstD eneration systems! In the B(( M?7 band the u#lin+ %re1uency band is JB(DB&, M?7$ and the downlin+ %re1uency band is BA,DB'( M?7! This 8, M?7 bandwidth is subdi*ided into &8E carrier %re1uency channels$ each
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s#aced 8(( +?7 a#art! Time di*ision multi#le9in
is used to allow ei ht
%ullDrate or si9teen hal%Drate s#eech channels #er radio %re1uency channel! There are ei ht radio timeslots 3 i*in ei ht burst #eriods6
rou#ed into what is called a TDMA %rame! ?al% rate channels use alternate %rames in the same timeslot! The channel data rate is 8C(!JAA +bitKs$ and the %rame duration is E!'&, ms! The transmission #ower in the handset is limited to a ma9imum o% 8 watts in ;SMJ,(KB(( and & watt in ;SM&J((K&B((! ;SM has used a *ariety o% *oice codecs to s1uee7e A!&+?7 audio into between ' and &A+b#s! Ori inally$ two codecs$ named a%ter the ty#es o% data channel they were allocated$ were used$ called MFull RateM 3&A+b#s6 and M?al% RateM 3'+b#s6! These used a system based u#on linear #redicti*e codin 3=/"6! In addition to bein e%%icient with
bitrates$ these codecs also made it easier to identi%y more im#ortant #arts o% the audio$ allowin the air inter%ace layer to #rioriti7e and
better #rotect these #arts o% the si nal! ;SM was %urther enhanced in &BBC with the ;SMDEFR codec$ a &8!8+b#s codec that uses a %ull rate channel! Finally$ with the de*elo#ment o% UMTS$ EFR was re%actored into a *ariableDrate codec called AMRDNarrowband$ which is hi h 1uality and robust a ainst inter%erence when used on %ull rate channels$ and less robust but still
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relati*ely hi h 1uality when used in channels!
ood radio conditions on hal%Drate
There are %our di%%erent cell si7es in a ;SM networ+ D macro$ micro$ #ico and umbrella cells! The co*era e area o% each cell *aries accordin to the im#lementation en*ironment! Macro cells can be
re arded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on a mast or a buildin abo*e a*era e roo% to# le*el! Micro cells are cells whose
antenna hei ht is under a*era e roo% to# le*elN they are ty#ically used in urban areas! /icocells are small cells whose diameter is a %ew do7en metersN they are mainly used indoors! Umbrella cells are used to co*er shadowed re ions o% smaller cells and %ill in those cells! "ell hori7ontal radius *aries de#endin antenna on antenna hei ht$ a#s in co*era e between
ain and #ro#a ation conditions %rom a cou#le o% hundred
meters to se*eral tens o% +ilometers! The lon est distance the ;SM s#eci%ication su##orts in #ractical use is A, +m or 88 miles! There are also se*eral im#lementations o% the conce#t o% an e9tended cell$ where the cell radius could be double or e*en more$ de#endin antenna system$ the ty#e o% terrain and the timin ad*ance! on the
Indoor co*era e is also su##orted by ;SM and may be achie*ed by usin an indoor #icocell base station$ or an indoor re#eater with
distributed indoor antennas %ed throu h #ower s#litters$ to deli*er the
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radio si nals %rom an antenna outdoors to the se#arate indoor distributed antenna system! These are ty#ically de#loyed when a lot o% call ca#acity is needed indoors$ %or e9am#le in sho##in centers or
air#orts! ?owe*er$ this is not a #rere1uisite$ since indoor co*era e is also #ro*ided by inDbuildin nearby cells! The modulation used in ;SM is ;aussian minimum shi%t +eyin 3;MS46$ a +ind o% continuousD#hase %re1uency shi%t +eyin ! In ;MS4$ the si nal to be modulated onto the carrier is %irst smoothed with a ;aussian lowD#ass %ilter #rior to bein which %ed to a %re1uency modulator$ channels #enetration o% the radio si nals %rom
reatly reduces the inter%erence to nei hborin
3ad)acent channel inter%erence6! A nearby ;SM handset is usually the source o% the Mdit dit dit$ dit dit dit$ dit dit ditM si nal that can be heard %rom time to time on home stereo systems$ tele*isions$ com#uters$ and #ersonal music de*ices! 5hen these audio de*ices are in the near %ield o% the ;SM handset$ the radio si nal is stron enou h that the solid state am#li%iers in the noise itsel% re#resents
audio chain %unction as a detector! The clic+in
the #ower bursts that carry the TDMA si nal! These si nals ha*e been +nown to inter%ere with other electronic de*ices$ such as car stereos and #ortable audio #layers! This is a %orm o% RFI$ and could be miti ated or eliminated by use o% additional shieldin andKor by#ass
- 24 -
ca#acitors in these audio de*ices$ howe*er$ the increased cost o% doin so is di%%icult %or a desi ner to )usti%y!
SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE:
One o% the +ey %eatures o% ;SM is the Subscriber Identity Module 3SIM6$ commonly +nown as a SIM card! The SIM is a detachable smart card containin the userHs subscri#tion in%ormation and #honeboo+!
This allows the user to retain his or her in%ormation a%ter switchin handsets! Alternati*ely$ the user can also chan e o#erators while retainin the handset sim#ly by chan in the SIM! Some o#erators will
bloc+ this by allowin
the #hone to use only a sin le SIM$ or only a SIM
issued by themN this #ractice is +nown as SIM loc+in $ and is ille al in some countries! In the United States$ "anada$ Euro#e and Australia$ many o#erators loc+ the mobiles they sell! This is done because the #rice o% the mobile #hone and is ty#ically subsidised to try with to re*enue %rom
subscri#tions
o#erators
want
a*oid
subsidisin
com#etitorHs mobiles! A subscriber can usually contact the #ro*ider to remo*e the loc+ %or a %ee$ utili7e #ri*ate ser*ices to remo*e the loc+$ or ma+e use o% am#le so%tware and websites a*ailable on the Internet to unloc+ the handset themsel*es! 5hile most web sites o%%er the unloc+in %or a %ee$ some do it %or %ree! The loc+in a##lies to the
handset$ identi%ied by its International Mobile E1ui#ment Identity 3IMEI6 number$ not to the account 3which is identi%ied by the SIM
- 25 -
card6! It is always #ossible to switch to another 3nonDloc+ed6 handset i% such other handset is a*ailable! Some #ro*iders will unloc+ the #hone %or %ree i% the customer has held an account %or a certain #eriod! Third #arty unloc+in ser*ices
e9ist that are o%ten 1uic+er and lower cost than that o% the o#erator! In most countries remo*in the loc+ is le al! "in ular and TDMobile
#ro*ide %ree unloc+ ser*ices to their customers a%ter A months o% subscri#tion! In countries li+e India$ /a+istan$ Indonesia$ Bel ium$ etc!$ all #hones are sold unloc+ed! ?owe*er$ in Bel ium$ it is unlaw%ul %or o#erators there to o%%er any %orm o% subsidy on the #honeHs #rice! This was also the case in Finland until A#ril &$ 8(('$ when sellin subsidi7ed combinations o% handsets and accounts became le al thou h o#erators ha*e to unloc+ #hone %ree o% char e a%ter a certain #eriod 3at most 8E months6!
GSM SECURITY:
;SM was desi ned with a moderate le*el o% security! The system was desi ned to authenticate the subscriber usin sharedDsecret
cry#to ra#hy! "ommunications between the subscriber and the base station can be encry#ted! The de*elo#ment o% UMTS introduces an o#tional USIM$ that uses a lon er authentication +ey to security$ as well as mutually authenticatin i*e reater
the networ+ and the user D
- 26 -
whereas ;SM only authenticated the user to the networ+ 3and not *ice *ersa6! The security model there%ore o%%ers con%identiality and
authentication$ but limited authori7ation ca#abilities$ and no nonD re#udiation! ;SM uses se*eral cry#to ra#hic al orithms %or security! The A,K& and A,K8 stream ci#hers are used %or ensurin o*erDtheDair *oice
#ri*acy! A,K& was de*elo#ed %irst and is a stron er al orithm used within Euro#e and the United StatesN A,K8 is wea+er and used in other countries! A lar e security ad*anta e o% ;SM o*er earlier systems is that the 4ey$ the cry#to *ariable stored on the SIM card that is the +ey to any ;SM ci#herin al orithm$ is ne*er sent o*er the air inter%ace!
Serious wea+nesses ha*e been %ound in both al orithms$ and it is #ossible to brea+ A,K8 in realDtime in a ci#herte9tDonly attac+! The system su##orts multi#le al orithms so o#erators may re#lace that ci#her with a stron e!
S$!%i&$s '! %i($( )" GSM:
From the be innin $ the #lanners o% ;SM wanted ISDN
com#atibility in terms o% the ser*ices o%%ered and the control si nallin used! ?owe*er$ radio transmission limitations$ in terms o% bandwidth and cost$ do not allow the standard ISDN BDchannel bit rate o% 'E +b#s to be #ractically achie*ed!
- 27 -
Usin
the ITUDT de%initions$ telecommunication ser*ices can be
di*ided into bearer ser*ices$ teleser*ices$ and su##lementary ser*ices! The most basic teleser*ice su##orted by ;SM is tele#hony! As with all other communications$ s#eech is di itally encoded and transmitted throu h the ;SM networ+ as a di ital stream! There is also an emer ency ser*ice$ where the nearest emer encyDser*ice #ro*ider is noti%ied by dialin three di its 3similar to B&&6!
A *ariety o% data ser*ices is o%%ered! ;SM users can send and recei*e data$ at rates u# to B'(( b#s$ to users on /OTS 3/lain Old Tele#hone Ser*ice6$ ISDN$ /ac+et Switched /ublic Data Networ+s$ and "ircuit Switched /ublic Data Networ+s usin a *ariety o% access
methods and #rotocols$ such as :!8, or :!A8! Since ;SM is a di ital networ+$ a modem is not re1uired between the user and ;SM networ+$ althou h an audio modem is re1uired inside the ;SM networ+ to interwor+ with /OTS! Other data ser*ices include ;rou# A %acsimile$ as described in ITUDT recommendation T!A($ which is su##orted by use o% an
a##ro#riate %a9 ada#tor! A uni1ue %eature o% ;SM$ not %ound in older analo systems$ is the Short Messa e Ser*ice 3SMS6! SMS is a ser*ice %or short al#hanumeric 3u# to &'( bytes6
bidirectional
messa es! Messa es are trans#orted in a storeDandD%orward %ashion! For #ointDtoD#oint SMS$ a messa e can be sent to another subscriber to the ser*ice$ and an ac+nowled ement o% recei#t is #ro*ided to the
- 28 -
sender! SMS can also be used in a cellDbroadcast mode$ %or sendin messa es such as tra%%ic u#dates or news u#dates! Messa es can also be stored in the SIM card %or later retrie*al Su##lementary ser*ices are #ro*ided on to# o% teleser*ices or bearer ser*ices! In the current 3/hase I6 s#eci%ications$ they include se*eral %orms o% call %orward 3such as call %orwardin when the mobile o% out oin
subscriber is unreachable by the networ+6$ and call barrin or incomin calls$ %or e9am#le when roamin
in another country! Many
additional su##lementary ser*ices will be #ro*ided in the /hase 8 s#eci%ications$ such as caller identi%ication$ call waitin $ multiD#arty con*ersations!
GSM S*)s&!i)$! S$!%i&$s:
There are two basic ty#es o% ser*ices o%%ered throu h ;SM0 tele#hony 3also re%erred to as teleser*ices6 and data 3also re%erred to as bearer ser*ices6! Tele#hony ser*ices are mainly *oice ser*ices that #ro*ide subscribers with the com#lete ca#ability 3includin necessary
terminal e1ui#ment6 to communicate with other subscribers! Data ser*ices #ro*ide the ca#acity necessary to transmit a##ro#riate data si nals between two access #oints creatin an inter%ace to the
networ+! In addition to normal tele#hony and emer ency callin $ the %ollowin subscriber ser*ices are su##orted by ;SM0
- 29 -
•
DualDtone multi%re1uency 3DTMF6D DTMF is a tone si nalin scheme o%ten used %or *arious control #ur#oses *ia the tele#hone networ+$ such as remote control o% an answerin machine! ;SM su##orts %ullDori inatin DTMF!
•
Facsimile
rou# IIIO;SM su##orts ""ITT ;rou# A %acsimile! As
standard %a9 machines are desi ned to be connected to a tele#hone usin analo si nals$ a s#ecial %a9 con*erter
connected to the e9chan e is used in the ;SM system! This enables a ;SMPconnected %a9 to communicate with any analo %a9 in the networ+!
•
Short messa e ser*icesOA con*enient %acility o% the ;SM networ+ is the short messa e ser*ice! A messa e consistin o%
a ma9imum o% &'( al#hanumeric characters can be sent to or %rom a mobile station! This ser*ice can be *iewed as an ad*anced %orm o% al#hanumeric #a in with a number o%
ad*anta es! I% the subscriberHs mobile unit is #owered o%% or has le%t the co*era e area$ the messa e is stored and o%%ered bac+ to the subscriber when the mobile is #owered on or has reentered the co*era e area o% the networ+! This %unction ensures that the messa e will be recei*ed!
•
"ell broadcastOa *ariation o% the short messa e ser*ice is the cell broadcast %acility! A messa e o% a ma9imum o% BA characters can be broadcast to all mobile subscribers in a
- 30 -
certain
eo ra#hic area! Ty#ical a##lications include tra%%ic
con estion warnin s and re#orts on accidents!
•
.oice mailOthis ser*ice is actually an answerin
machine
within the networ+$ which is controlled by the subscriber! "alls can be %orwarded to the subscriberHs *oiceDmail bo9 and the subscriber chec+s %or messa es *ia a #ersonal security code!
•
Fa9 mailOwith this ser*ice$ the subscriber can recei*e %a9 messa es at any %a9 machine! The messa es are stored in a ser*ice center %rom which they can be retrie*ed by the subscriber *ia a #ersonal security code to the desired %a9 number!
S*''+$,$-t.!" S$!%i&$s
;SM su##orts a com#rehensi*e set o% su##lementary ser*ices that can com#lement and su##ort both tele#hony and data ser*ices! Su##lementary ser*ices are de%ined by ;SM and are characteri7ed as re*enueD eneratin ser*ices %ollows! "all %orwardin Othis ser*ice %orward incomin i*es the subscriber the ability to %eatures! A #artial listin o% su##lementary
•
calls to another number i% the called mobile
unit is not reachable$ i% it is busy$ i% there is no re#ly$ or i% call %orwardin is allowed unconditionally!
- 31 -
•
Barrin
o% out oin
callsOthis ser*ice ma+es it #ossible %or a calls!
mobile subscriber to #re*ent all out oin
•
Barrin
o% incomin
callsOthis %unction allows the subscriber calls! The %ollowin e9ists0 barin two conditions %or calls and
to #re*ent incomin incomin barrin /=MN!
•
call barrin o% incomin
o% all incomin
calls when roamin
outside the home
Ad*ice o% char e 3Ao"6OThe Ao" ser*ice #ro*ides the mobile subscriber with an estimate o% the call char es! There are two ty#es o% Ao" in%ormation0 one that #ro*ides the subscriber with an estimate o% the bill and one that can be used %or immediate char in #ur#oses! Ao" %or data calls is #ro*ided on
the basis o% time measurements!
•
"all holdOthis ser*ice enables the subscriber to interru#t an on oin call and then subse1uently reestablish the call! The
call hold ser*ice is only a##licable to normal tele#hony!
•
"all waitin Othis ser*ice enables the mobile subscriber to be noti%ied o% an incomin call durin a con*ersation! The call! "all
subscriber can answer$ re)ect$ or i nore the incomin waitin usin
•
is a##licable to all ;SM telecommunications ser*ices
a circuitDswitched connection!
Multi#arty ser*iceOthe multi#arty ser*ice enables a mobile subscriber to establish a multi#arty con*ersationOthat is$ a
- 32 -
simultaneous con*ersation between three and si9 subscribers! This ser*ice is only a##licable to normal tele#hony!
•
"allin
line
identi%ication
#resentationKrestrictionOThese
ser*ices su##ly the called #arty with the inte rated ser*ices di ital networ+ 3ISDN6 number o% the callin restriction ser*ice enables the callin #arty! The
#arty to restrict the
#resentation! The restriction o*errides the #resentation! "losed user They are a rou#s 3"U;s6O"U;s are enerally com#arable to a /B:!
rou# o% subscribers who are ca#able o% only callin
themsel*es and certain numbers
- 33 -
&! 5hich Ser*ice #ro*ider are you currently subscribin mobileQ
%or your
"ATE;OR> Air Tel V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
RES/ONDENTS /0 /1 23 34
- 34 -
RESPONDENTS 100 80 60 40 20 0 Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell one
RESPONDENTS
INTERPRETATION:
O*t # 055 '$ '+$ 67 '.!ti&i'.t$( i- s*!%$" it is # *-( /0 .!$ *si-8 Ai! T$+9 /1 .!$ *si-8 V (.# -$9 23 .!$ *si-8 I($. .-( 34 .!$ *si-8 C$++ O-$: T7$ ,.; !it" # t7$ ,.!<$t s7.!$ is &.'t*!$( )" VODAFONE:
8! 5hat is the ser*ice which you subscribedQ "ATE;OR> Air Tel V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$ /RE/AID 59 53 28 00 /OST/AID 13 26 03 18
- 35 -
0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One PREPAID POSTPAID
INTERPRETATION:
O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ =2 ,$,)$!s .!$ '!$'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s .-( 31 .!$ ' st'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ =2 ,$,)$!s .!$ '!$'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s .-( 0>.!$ ' st'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts s*)s&!i)$!s: # I($. 04 ,$,)$!s .!$ P!$'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s .-( 52.!$ P st'.i(
- 36 -
O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 5 ,$,)$!s .!$ P!$'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s .-( 34 .!$ P st'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s:
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
EA&$++$-t 34 07 03 00
G ( 31 52 24 15
A%$!.8$ 07 10 00 00
P ! 00 10 04 03
2: H 6 ( " * #i-( t7$ s$!%i&$s # " *! '! %i($!?
E! "e lle n#
A% er a& e
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
oo d Po or
- 37 -
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 2@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ s$!%i&$ ##$!$( )" Ai! T$+ .!$ EA&$++$-t9 23 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$s is G ( .-( 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is A%$!.8$:
$
O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ s$!%i&$ ##$!$( )" V (.# -$ is EA&$++$-t9 =0 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$s is G (9 35 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 35 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is P !: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ s$!%i&$ ##$!$( )" I($. is EA&$++$-t9 0@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is G (9 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 5@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is P !: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ s$!%i&$ ##$!$( )" C$++ O-$ is EA&$++$-t9 3= ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is G (9 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ P !:
@: W7" (i( " * 't # ! t7is s$!%i&$ '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
A(%$!tis$,$-t 07 13 13 11
S$+# D$&isi 31 32 13 03
M.-" *s$!s iF!i$-( Ci!&+$ 34 34 05 04
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Air Tel
INTERPRETATION:
Ad%er#i'e(en# Self De"i'ion )an* +'er' in ,riend Cir"le Vodafone Idea Cell One
- 38 -
O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 5/ ,$,)$!s 't # ! Ai! T$+ )" s$$i-8 .- .(%$!tis$,$-t9 23 ,$,)$!s - t7$i! s$+# ($&isi - .-( 2@ ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 )$&.*s$ # ,.-" *s$!s i- t7$i! #!i$-( &i!&+$: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 32 ,$,)$!s 't # ! V (.# -$ )" s$$i-8 .- .(%$!tis$,$-t9 20 ,$,)$!s - t7$i! s$+# ($&isi - .-( 2@ ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 )$&.*s$ # ,.-" *s$!s i- t7$i! #!i$-( &i!&+$: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 32 ,$,)$!s 't # ! I($. )" s$$i-8 .- .(%$!tis$,$-t9 32 ,$,)$!s - t7$i! s$+# ($&isi - .-( 5= ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 )$&.*s$ # ,.-" *s$!s i- t7$i! #!i$-( &i!&+$: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 33 ,$,)$!s 't # ! C$++ O-$ )" s$$i-8 .- .(%$!tis$,$-t 9 52 ,$,)$!s - t7$i! s$+# ($&isi - .-( 5@,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 )$&.*s$ # ,.-" *s$!s i- t7$i! #!i$-( &i!&+$: =: H 6 ( " * #i-( t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" t7$ s$!%i&$ '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
EA&$++$-t 21 0 03 0
G ( 38 51 21 11
A%$!.8$ 13 21 0 04
P ! 0 07 07 03
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
E! "e lle n# A% er a& e oo d $ Po or
Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
INTERPRETATION:
- 39 -
O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 03 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" Ai! T$+ is EA&$++$-t9 24 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ G (9 32 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ P !: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" V (.# -$ is EA&$++$-t9 =3 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ G (9 03 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ A%$!.8$ .-( 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ P !: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" I($. is EA&$++$-t9 03 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ G (9 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ A%$!.8$ .-( 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ P !: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" C$++ O-$ is EA&$++$-t9 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ G (9 5@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ A%$!.8$ .-( 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ P !:
>: D " * t!" -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$(?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
Y$s 41 48 07 11
N 31 31 24 07
- 40 -
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Air Tel
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ @3 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" t7$ -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" Ai! T$+ .-( 23 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" ( -Bt t!": O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ @4 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" t7$ -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" V (.# -$ .-( 23 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" ( -Bt t!": O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" t7$ -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" I($. .-( 0@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" ( -Bt t!": O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" t7$ -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" C$++ O-$ .-( 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" ( -Bt t!":
-e' No
Vodafone Idea
Cell One
/: I# "$s # ! (>)9 7 6 #!$C*$-t+" " * t!" t7$ '.&<.8$s?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
E%$!" ti,$ N$6 O-$ L.*-&7$( 03 07 04 03
I# G ( R$s' -s$ is t7$!$ #! , t7$ Ot7$!s 38 41 03 08
- 41 -
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Air Tel VodafoneIdea Cell One
E%er* #i(e Ne. One /a+n"0ed
If $ood Re'1on'e i' #0ere fro( #0e O#0er'
INTERPRETATION: O*t # @3 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 67 s.i( 6i++ t!" 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" $%$!" ti,$ -$6 '.&<.8$ is +.*-&7$(9 24 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" i# 8 ( !$s' -s$ is t7$i! #! , t7$ '$ '+$ 67 *s$( it: O*t # @4 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 67 s.i( 6i++ t!" 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" $%$!" ti,$ -$6 '.&<.8$ is +.*-&7$(9 @3 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" i# 8 ( !$s' -s$ is t7$i! #! , t7$ '$ '+$ 67 *s$( it: O*t # 5/ !$s' -($-ts # I($. 67 s.i( 6i++ t!" 5@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" $%$!" ti,$ -$6 '.&<.8$ is +.*-&7$(9 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" i# 8 ( !$s' -s$ is t7$i! #! , t7$ '$ '+$ 67 *s$( it: O*t # 33 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 67 s.i( 6i++ t!" 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" $%$!" ti,$ -$6 '.&<.8$ is +.*-&7$(9 54 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" i# 8 ( !$s' -s$ is t7$i! #! , t7$ '$ '+$ 67 *s$( it: 4: D " * *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!Bs s$!%i&$ '.!.++$+ 6it7 &*!!$-t '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
Y$s 07 10 07 03
N 65 69 24 15
- 42 -
80 0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Air Tel
INTERPRETATION:
-e' No
Vodafone Idea
Cell One
O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 5/ ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!s '.!.++$+ t t7$ &*!!$-t s$!%i&$ '! %i($! .-( >= ,$,)$!s t7$" ( -Bt *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 35 ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!s '.!.++$+ t t7$ &*!!$-t s$!%i&$ '! %i($! .-( >1 ,$,)$!s t7$" ( -Bt *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 5/ ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!s '.!.++$+ t t7$ &*!!$-t s$!%i&$ '! %i($! .-( 0@ ,$,)$!s t7$" ( -Bt *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 52 ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!s '.!.++$+ t t7$ &*!!$-t s$!%i&$ '! %i($! .-( 3= ,$,)$!s t7$" ( -Bt *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$:
1: H 6 ( " * #i-( t7$ -$t6 !< # " *! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
EA&$++$-t 41 03 03 0
G ( 17 45 24 11
A%$!.8$ 14 13 04 07
P ! 0 18 0 0
- 43 -
50 40 30 20 10 0
A% er a& e el le n# $ oo d E! " Po or
Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ @3 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ N$t W !< # Ai! T$+ is EA&$++$-t9 3/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is G (9 3@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is P !: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ N$t W !< # V (.# -$ is EA&$++$-t9 @= ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is G (9 32 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is A%$!.8$ .-( 34 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is P !: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ N$t W !< # I($. is EA&$++$-t9 0@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is G (9 5@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is P !: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ N$t W !< # C$++ O-$ is EA&$++$-t9 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is G (9 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is P !: 35: H 6 is t7$ &*st ,$! &.!$ s$!%i&$ # " *! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
EA&$++$-t 13 07 07 0
G ( 38 48 18 11
A%$!.8$ 21 13 06 07
P ! 0 11 0 0
- 44 -
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 E!"ellen# $ood A%era&e Poor Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 32 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ # Ai! T$+ is EA&$++$-t9 24 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is G (9 03 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is P !: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ # V (.# -$ is EA&$++$-t9 @4 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is G (9 32 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is P !: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ # I($. is EA&$++$-t9 34 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is G (9 5> ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is P !: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ # C$++ O-$ is EA&$++$-t9 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is G (9 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is P !:
33: D " * .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t
't # ! s$!%i&$ " * .!$ *si-8?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
Y$s 62 48 24 11
N 10 31 07 07
- 45 -
0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Air Tel
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ >0 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t s$!%i&$ t7$" .!$ *si-8: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ @4 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t s$!%i&$ t7$" .!$ *si-8: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 0@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t s$!%i&$ t7$" .!$ *si-8: 't # ! t7$
-e' No
V (.# -$
Idea
Cell One
't # ! t7$
't # ! t7$ 't # ! t7$
O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t s$!%i&$ t7$" .!$ *si-8:
30: H 6 ,*&7 ( " * s'$-( $%$!" , -t7 # ! " *! , )i+$?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
055D255 10 13 21 07
255D=55 13 39 04 11
=55D455 28 13 03 0
455D3555 21 14 03 0
- 46 -
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002300 3002500 5002800 80021000
Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 35 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 055D2559 32 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 255D=559 04 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- =55D455 .-( 03 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 455D3555: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 32 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 055D2559 21 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 255D=559 32 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- =55D455 .-( 3@ ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 455D3555: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 03 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 055D2559 5@ ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 255D=559 52 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- =55D455 .-( 52 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 455D3555: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 5/ ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 055D2559 33 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 255D=559 55 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- =55D455 .-( 55 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 455D3555:
- 47 -
Out o% 8(( res#ondents who #artici#ated in the study C8 are usin are usin .oda%one$ A& are usin Idea and &J are usin "ell one!
Air Tel$ CB
The main criteria o% selectin
the ser*ice #ro*ider is the networ+ and the %riend oin to that ser*ice #ro*ider!
circle i% many uses in their %riend circle #eo#le are
- 48 -
Es#ecially the students where the study is conducted they are o#tin ser*ice #ro*ider because many uses in their %riend circle! The #ac+a es are #layin *ital role in choosin
%or a #articular
a #articular ser*ice! In this area
#ac+a es o%%ered by .oda%one are com#arati*ely better than the other ser*ice #ro*iders that2s the reason mar+et share o% .oda%one is more than the others! The networ+ o% .oda%one is #oor in rural areas they ha*e to im#ro*e the networ+ i% they want to increase their subscriber base! The customer care o% .oda%one is The networ+ and #ac+a es o% Air Tel is ood!
ood so$ it occu#ies the second #lace in the
mar+et share o% student community! The ma)ority subscribers o% Air Tel are business #eo#le the #ac+a es and ser*ices are more bene%icial to them! I% Air Tel wants to increase their subscriber base they ha*e to customer care o% Air Tel is ood! i*e more attractin #ac+a es! The
Idea occu#ies third #lace in the mar+et share o% student community! The networ+ and #ac+a es are a*era e! The customer care o% Idea is #oor!
"ell one occu#ies %ourth #lace in the mar+et share o% student community! The networ+ o% "ell one is e9cellent in e*ery #art o% India but the #ac+a es and the customer care o% "ell one is *ery #oor!
=IMITATIONS
The res#onses e9#erience! i*en may be biased and de#end u#on the a e and
- 49 -
Data collected cannot be asserted to be %ree %rom errors$ as the sam#le si7e is small! In s#ite o% ta+in all the necessary measures there is a chance in
occurrence o% minor errors due to the lac+ o% e9#erience on the #art o% researcher!
Recommendations
The Air Tel networ+ is ood com#are to the other ser*ice
#ro*iders in rural and urban areas o% Andhra /radesh! The #ac+a es are also ood but the #ac+a es are attractin business #eo#le and the
)obbers only! I% Air Tel wants to ca#ture the student community they ha*e to i*e more attractin #ac+a es! ood in the urban areas but it is #oor in
The .oda%one networ+ is
the rural areas o% Andhra /radesh! The ma)ority subscribers o% .ODAFONE are in urban areas only! I% they want to increase their subscriber base they ha*e to increase their networ+ in the rural areas! The mar+et share o% .ODAFONE in student community is com#are to the other #layers in the mar+et! The networ+ o% Idea is ood in the urban areas but it is #oor in ood when
the rural areas o% Andhra /radesh! The mar+et share o% Idea is also ood but the ser*ices and #ac+a es o%%ered by Idea are not attractin the student community! The mar+et share o% Idea in student
- 50 -
community is #oor! I% they want to increase their subscriber base they ha*e to increase their networ+ and they ha*e to #ac+a es! The networ+ o% "ell one is e9cellent in e*ery #art o% India! But the #ac+a es are *ery #oor! The mar+et share is also less in student community when com#are to the other #layers! I% they want to increase their mar+et share in the student community they ha*e to i*e more attractin #ac+a es! i*e more attractin
ANA=>SIS OF "USTOMERS USIN; ;=OBA= S>STEM FOR MOBI=E "OMMUNI"ATIONS 3;SM6 IN ?>DERABAD
Res#ondents /ro%ile
- 51 -
Name0 A e0
Se90
&! 5hich Ser*ice /ro*ider are you currently subscribin mobileQ Air Tel .oda%one Idea "ell One
%or your
8! 5hat is the Ser*ice which you subscribedQ /re#aid /ost#aid
A! ?ow do you %ind the ser*ices o% your #ro*iderQ E9cellent ;ood A*era e /oor
E! 5hy did you o#t %or this Ser*ice /ro*iderQ Ad*ertisement Sel% Decision
Many uses in your %riend circle ,! ?ow do you %ind the /ac+a es o%%ered by the Ser*ice /ro*iderQ E9cellent ;ood A*era e /oor
'! Do you try New /ac+a es O%%eredQ >es No
C! I% >es %or 3'6$ how %re1uently you try the #ac+a esQ E*ery time new one o%%eredK launched! I% ood res#onse is there %rom others who used it!
- 52 -
J! Do you use any other ser*ice #ro*iders Ser*ice /arallel with current #ro*iderQ >es No
B! ?ow do you %ind the networ+ o% your Ser*ice #ro*iderQ E9cellent &(! ;ood A*era e /oor
?ow is the customer care ser*ice o% your ser*ice #ro*iderQ E9cellent ;ood A*era e /oor
&&!
Do you ad*ice #eo#le to o#t %or ser*ice you are usin Q >es No
&8!
?ow much do you s#end e*ery month %or your mobileQ 8((DA(( A((D,(( ,((DJ(( J((D&(((
- 53 -
!I!I'(G A)HY 5ebsites
- 54 -
&! www!coai!com 8! www! smworld!com A! www!indiastat!com E! www!indiaDcellar!com ,! www!wi+i#edia!com '! www! oo le!com
Ma a7ines
&! Business world 8! Business Today A! Business Outloo+
News#a#ers
&! Business line 8! Business standard A! Economic times
- 55 -
doc_293031382.doc
Project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this Project Report titled “Analysis of Customers IN using Global System by for me Mobile to the
Communications(GSM)
HYDE A!AD"
Submitted
Department of ##### is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any other University or Institution for the award any degree diploma/certificate or published any time before
!!!!! Date"
Signature of the Student
-i-
ABSTRACT:
Indian mobile industry has witnessed a dramatic rowth! "hea# mobile
handsets$ a%%ordable airtime rates$ low initial cost and a%%ordable monthly rentals made it easy %or anybody to o mobile! As #er latest
statistics India has around &'( million mobile subscribers! In India where the youth constitute ma)ority o% the #o#ulation a war between the ser*ice #ro*iders is on to ca#ture this mar+et! Students contribute ,(- o% youth #o#ulation! The ob)ecti*e o% this study is to %ind the o#inion o% the student who is already usin any o% the ser*ice #ro*ider and the satis%action le*el o%
the ser*ice #ro*ided! Air Tel$ .oda%one$ Idea$ "ell one are the %our com#anies which are included in study!
/rimary source0
A well structured 1uestionnaire is #re#ared to +now the res#ondents o#inion about the ser*ice o% their ser*ice #ro*ider!
- ii -
Secondary Source0
Di%%erent web sites$ com#any re#orts$ research com#any2s re#orts 3Mc4insey$ /5"$ etc!!!6! The sam#le si7e ta+en %or study is 8((! Thou h the %i ures show Air Tel has ma)or share in mar+et$ study has shown that amon student community to which the study is conducted
.oda%one has lar er share than Air Tel! Reasons li+e /ac+a es o%%ered by .oda%one are attractin students$ which ma+es it a ha*e a lar er ood com#are to the other
share! Ser*ices and networ+ o% Air Tel is
#layers in the mar+et but it is .ODAFONE which o%%ers better #ac+a es!
- iii -
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
I would li+e to e9#ress my
ratitude to :::: Faculty o% uidance$ constructi*e
MAR4ETIN; and /ro)ect ;uide$ %or his ins#irin
criticism and #ersonal interest he has ta+en %or the com#letion o% #ro)ect titled$ <ANA=>SIS OF "USTOMERS USIN; ;SM SER.I"E
/RO.IDERS IN AND?RA /RADES?@!
I am also than+%ul %or the encoura ement e9tended by ::::$ Director o% the colle e!!
I e9tended my sincere than+s to my %riends who hel#ed me in com#letion o% the #ro)ect!
::::
- iv -
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE DATA ANALYSIS & INTERRETATION CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS QUESTIONNAIRE BIBLOGRAPHY
-v-
-1-
In last decade Indian mobile #hone industry has witnessed a dramatic rowth! "hea# mobile handsets$ a%%ordable airtime rates$ low
initial cost and a%%ordable monthly rentals made it easy %or anybody to o mobile! As #er latest statistics India has around &'( million mobile subscribers! I% the ser*ice #ro*iders ca#ture another &( to &, - share in untouched mar+et it is hu e business %or the ma)or ser*ice #ro*iders in the mar+et! In the Indian #o#ulation we ha*e '(- youth in that ma)or #art is the student community! Now a day A out o% , students are usin mobile #hones most o% the students are oin %or the mobile #hones to
stay connected with their #arents and %riends! The ser*ice #ro*iders are introducin di%%erent #ac+a es and they are i*in di%%erent o%%ers
to ca#ture the student community! The subscribers will o#t to one ser*ice #ro*ider i% they are satis%ied with the ser*ice o%%ered is meetin their e9#ectations! In that
the networ+ o% the ser*ice #ro*ider will #lay a *ital role! The students are o#tin %or a ser*ice #ro*ider i% they are ettin ood #ac+a es$
latest technolo y$ and uninterru#ted networ+!
-2-
NEED FOR STUDY:
The mobile industry in India continues to row at a ra#id #ace!
India has about &,B!C million ;SMDbased mobile subscribers at the end o% December 8((C$ accordin to %i ures released by the
"ellular O#erators Association o% India 3"OAI6 ! The subscriber base re#resents a si ni%icant increase on the B,!C million ;SM customers re#orted at the same time last year and shows healthy monthly rowth! Bharti Airtel consolidated its #osition as India2s lar est ;SM o#erator in October$ addin million mar+! Number two ;SM o#erator .oda%one Essar$ which ado#ted the .oda%one brand in Se#tember$ added o*er &!, million customers in October to ta+e its total base to around E( million! IDEA "ellular has licenses to o#erate in && circles 5ith a customer base o% o*er &C million! BSN= is the ne9t lar est #layer in the Indian mar+et with &8!CE million customers! o*er 8 million customers to brea+ the '(
-3-
-4-
OBFE"TI.ES0
? To com#are e%%iciency and 1uality o% the ser*ice #ro*iders! ? To measure the mar+et share o% ma)or ser*ice #ro*iders amon student community!
MET?ODO=O;> OF STUD>0
? Data is collected %rom the #rimary and secondary sources! ? /rimary Source0 A well structured 1uestionnaire is #re#ared to +now the res#ondents o#inion! ? Secondary Source0 Di%%erent web sites$ com#any re#orts$ research com#anies re#orts 3Mc4insey$ /5"$ etc!!!6!
-5-
SAMPLE SELECTION:
A sam#le is +nown as the subunit o% #o#ulation which shares the similar %eatures! The number o% units in the sam#le is +nown as the sam#le si7e! In this study a sam#le si7e o% 8((! ?ere$ in this conte9t a sam#le re%ers to the subscribers o% the ma)or ;SM ser*ice #ro*iders in and around ?yderabad co*ered by the study! A%ter the selection o% sam#le$ the sam#lin method. was done based on the con*enient sam#lin
ANA=>SIS0
The collected data has been coded and re#resented the
dia rammatically in the %orm o% bar dia rams by calculatin
res#ondents and #ercenta e! Based on this suitable inter#retations were made!
-6-
Based on the res#onses obtained and recommendations were retainin
athered data suitable
i*en which can hel# the ser*ice #ro*iders in
their subscribers!
=IMITATIONS0
? The res#onses may *ary %rom one subscriber to another! The res#onses e9#erience! i*en may be biased and de#end u#on the a e and
? Data collected cannot be asserted to be %ree %rom errors$ as the sam#le si7e is small ? In s#ite o% ta+in all the necessary measures there is a chance in
occurrence o% minor errors due to the lac+ o% e9#erience on the #art o% researcher!
-7-
-8-
Mar$eting
esearc%&
research is de%ined as the <Systematic desi n$ o% data and %indin s rele*ant to a the com#any! Mar+etin lobally$ accordin Research is to ESOMAR$
Mar+etin
collection$ analysis$ and re#ortin s#eci%ic mar+etin situation %acin
now about a USG&'!, billion industry
the 5orld Association o% O#inion and Mar+et Research /ro%essionals! A com#any can hire the ser*ices o% a mar+etin research
%irm or conduct research in creati*e and a%%ordable ways such as0 • En a in #ro%essors or students to desi n and conduct
studies! Many lar e com#anies hire summer trainees %rom mana ement institutions %or costDe%%ecti*e mar+et research year a%ter year! Awardin li*e #ro)ects to MBA students as
#art o% their course wor+ is also a common #ractice! • Monitorin #ublished in%ormation and actions news
systematically! This may be done by e9aminin
-9-
#a#ers$ web sites$ and industry re#orts and by *isitin com#etiti*e outlets!
E%%ecti*e mar+etin • Ste# &0
research in*ol*es si9 ste#s! They are0 the #roblem and the research
De%ine
ob)ecti*es! • • • • • Ste# 80 De*elo# the research #lan! Ste# A0 "ollect the In%ormation! Ste# E0 Analy7e the In%ormation! Ste# ,0 /resent the Findin s! Ste# '0 Ma+e the Decision!
MOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA:
IndiaHs 8&!,B millionDline tele#hone networ+ is the lar est in Asia$ Ard lar est amon emer in economies 3a%ter "hina and Re#ublic o%
4orea6 and the &8th lar est in the world! IndiaHs telecom networ+ com#rises o% 8C$C,A tele#hone e9chan es$ with a total e1ui##ed ca#acity o% 8C8!&C =a+h lines and 88'!A =a+h wor+in =on tele#hones! The
Distance Transmission Networ+ has nearly &$C($((( route
+ilometers o% terrestrial Microwa*e Radio Relay I "oDa9ial cables and about &C&$((( route +ilometers o% O#tical Fiber "ables! Fully automatic International Subscriber Dialin 3ISD6 ser*ice is a*ailable to almost all
the countries! The total number o% stations connected to National Subscriber Dialin 3NSD6 is o*er &J$((( and this is increasin %ast! >et
- 10 -
the #resent teleDdensity is *ery low at about 8!8 #er hundred #ersons$ o%%erin a *ast sco#e %or rowth! In the %ield o% International
communications$ tremendous #ro ress was made by the use o% Satellite "ommunication and submarine lin+s! It is there%ore not sur#risin that India has one o% the %astest rowin telecommunication rowin
systems in the world with system si7e 3total connections6
at an a*era e o% more than 8( #ercent o*er the last E years!
The
*oice
and
nonD*oice
telecom
ser*ices
include
data
transmission$ %acsimile$ mobile radio$ radio #a in $ .DSAT and leased line ser*ices to cater to *ariety o% needs$ both residential and business! A dedicated /ac+et Switched /ublic Data Networ+ 3IDNET6 with international access %or com#uter communication ser*ices is also a*ailable! ISDN ser*ice has already been introduced in the ma)or cities! Other ser*ices li+e Intelli ent Networ+ 3IN6$ Frame Relay 3FR6 and Asynchronous a##lications Trans%er will be Mode 3ATM6 %or in wide the band near multimedia %uture!
introduced
In the %ield o% international communications$ IndiaHs o*erseas ser*ice carrier .idesh Sanchar Ni am =td! 3.SN=6 has made
tremendous #ro ress by usin
e9tensi*e in%rastructure o% satellite ateways$ O#tical Fiber Multi
earth stations$ stateDo%DtheDart di ital
- 11 -
Media
submarine
"ables
and
Multi
Media
Data
Switches!
Fully
automatic international subscriber dialin
3ISD6 ser*ice is #ro*ided to
almost all the countries in the world! In %uture$ .SN= is #ositionin itsel% to #ro*ide bandwidth on demand$ ;lobal .irtual /ri*ate
Networ+s$ ISDN$ BDISDN$ .SATs$ MiniDM and hand held /ersonal "ommunications! The telecommunications initiati*e in the country is led by Ministry o% "ommunications throu h the De#artment o% Telecommunication I De#artment Telecom Ser*ices and its underta+in s %or #ro*ision o% basic tele#hone ser*ices$ national and international lon communications$ manu%acture o% com#lete ran e o% distance telecom
e1ui#ment$ research and de*elo#ment$ and consultancy ser*ices! The Telecom "ommission #er%orms the E9ecuti*e and /olicy ma+in %unctions! The Telecom Re ulatory Authority o% India #er%orms the %unctions o% an inde#endent re ulatory body!
Ser*ices O%%ered
• • • • • •
Tele#hone Ser*ices NSDKISD Ser*ices "om#uteri7ed Trun+ Ser*ices /ay /hones National I International =eased =ines "ircuits Tele9
- 12 -
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Tele ra#h Ser*ices 3Manual I Automatic6
8, based /ac+et Switched Data Networ+ 3INET6 ;ateway /ac+et Switched Data Ser*ices 3;/SS6 ;ateway Electronic Data Interchan e Ser*ice 3;EDIS6 ;ateway EDMail and Store I Forward FA: Ser*ice 3;EMSDE((6 "oncert /ac+et Ser*ice 3"/S6 SatelliteDbased Remote Area Business Messa e Networ+ Electronic Mail .oice Mail AudioDTe9t Radio /a in "ellular Mobile Tele#hone /ublic Mobile Radio Trun+ed Ser*ice .ideoDTe9 .ideo "on%erencin .DSAT Internet ISDN INMARSAT Mobile Ser*ice INMARSAT Data Ser*ice ?ome "ountry Direct Ser*ice Intelli ent Networ+ 3IN6 Ser*ices"ellular and /a in
Ser*ices
- 13 -
"ellular and #a in
ser*ices thou h not a *ery old means o%
communication in India has *ery ra#idly cau ht the ima ination o% the #eo#le! The re*olution that started with #a ers soon Mobile #hones! /a ers bein a*e way to
one way and with limited a##lication ha*e
almost disa##eared$ as mobiles became the %a*orite! 5ith more and more inno*ati*e o%%ers li+e #re#aid cards %rom telecom ser*ice o#erators$ the mobile culture is rowin ! 5ith more #layers enterin rown stron er$ caterin to the
the mar+et$ the com#etition has
demands o% consumers! .ODAFONE$ Airtel$ Idea and Reliance are doin *ery well and are always comin is a ra in %a*orite amon u# with new schemes and #lans! SMS and the old! A shi%t towards
both the youn
mobile tele#hony is a##arent %rom the %act that the share o% cellular connections in new connections is Steadily oin u# and had reached 'A- in December 8((8!
"ell #hones now come chea#er and so does the monthly bill! As a result one can still hear some rud es %rom ser*ice #ro*iders as they
claim lac+ o% use o% enou h airtime to ma+e it a #ro%itable business!
Today$ India has 88 #ri*ate com#anies #ro*idin
cellular ser*ices
in &J telecom circles and E metro cities 3Delhi$ Mumbai$ "hennai and "alcutta6! E*er since their introduction$ cellular ser*ices ha*e shown a %air rowth with the subscriber base crossin the & million mar+ by the
- 14 -
%irst 1uarter o% &BBB!India has ado#ted the ;lobal System o% Mobile "ommunication 3;SM6 %or #ro*ision o% cellular ser*ices! The cellular ser*ices in India o#erate in the %re1uency band JB(DB(8!, M?7 K BA,D BEC!, M?7! In metro cities$ each o#erator has been allocated a %re1uency s#ectrum o% '!8L'!8 M?7 3e9ce#t "hennai where ,!JL,!J M?7 s#ectrum has been allocated6$ while %or other telecom circles a s#ectrum o% E!E LE!E M?7 has been allocated!
"ellular Mobile Tele#hone Ser*ice /ro*iders
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Bharti "ellular =td Sterlin "ellular =td
B/= Mobile "ommunications =td .ODAFONEison Ma9 Telecom =td Modi Telstra /*t! =td Usha Martin Tele+om =td R/; "ellular Sera*ices =td S+ycell "ommunications /*t! =td Airtel Di ilin+ India =td Fascel =td ?e9acom India =td FT Mobiles =td 4oshi+a Telecom /*t! =td Tata "ommunications /*t! =td Escotel Mobile "omm! /*t! =td
- 15 -
• • • • • • •
Bharti Telenet =td R/; "ellcom =td Modicom Networ+ /*t! =td Birla ATIT "omm! =td Reliance Telecom =td B/= "ellular =td Srini*as "ellcom =td
=etters and Tele rams
=etters ha*e been written %rom a es and the Indian /ostal ser*ice is one o% the bi est and most e9#erienced ser*ices! About B(- o%
the #ostal outlets are in rural India! On an a*era e a #ost o%%ice co*ers an area o% about 8& s1! +m and a #o#ulation o% about '$'(( #eo#le! The Indian #ostal system currently #ro*ides AJ ser*ices which can be cate ori7ed as "ommunication0 letters$ #ostcards$ news#a#ers Trans#ortation0 #arcels$ money orders etc! Other ser*ices0 resource mobili7ation$ #ostal li%e insurance #ostal ser*ices$ the whole country has been di*ided into
• • •
For #ro*idin
twentyDtwo #ostal circles! Each "ircle is coterminous with a State e9ce#t %or some! Besides these twentyDtwo circles$ there is another circle$ called Base "ircle$ to cater to the #ostal communication needs o%
- 16 -
the
Armed
Forces!
Telecommunication in%rastructure was established in India in &J,'! They were tele ra#hic data communication lin+s #rinci#ally %or
o*ernment and military use! Tele rams bein
the %astest means o%
communication in areas where #hone lines did not reach$ led to its use by the common man! E*en now #hone lines do not connect many interior re ions o% India and the tele ram is used to %ill in the ?owe*er it is a %ast disa##earin a#!
means o% communication$ as
connecti*ity in India both in terms o% tele#hone lines and wireless communication has ra#idly rown!
"ourier ser*ices
Time was when one had to wait %or wee+s to ether to see the other #erson recei*e im#ortant document! The common man had no access to %a9 machines nor was he aware o% its utility! Then came alon the s#eed #ost$ which too too+ about a wee+ to deli*er! The start
o% #ri*ate courier ser*ices howe*er chan ed all that! Documents could now reach within the day or by the ne9t day! Moreo*er they are more reliable as chances o% mis#lacement are minimal! Today businesses as well as indi*iduals are increasin ly de#endant on the courier ser*ice!
Internet
Once the Internet mar+et s#ace was o#ened u# to #ri*ate - 17 -
Internet Ser*ice /ro*iders 3IS/s6 in &BBJ$ the mar+et has witnessed #henomenal rowth! In certain states there has been a hi h
#ercenta e in #enetration$ but in others it has been slow due to low telecom #enetration$ low bandwidth and abo*e all illiteracy! All tourist s#ots howe*er are more or less connected to the net! "yber ca%es are as common a si ht as tele#hone booths and connecti*ity in India has arri*ed %or the common man! One need no lon er in*est in a com#uter$ which is still a costly commodity! Thou h email and Internet browsin remain the %a*orite #ur#oses eDcommerce and eDbusiness ha*e #ut their %oot in! Ban+s ha*e now %acilitated Internet ban+in ! The Indian Railways o%%ers a com#uteri7ed reser*ation system which enables a #erson to boo+ his tic+ets online and %rom anywhere! It also #ro*ides other ser*ices li+e railway timetables and tic+et a*ailability! Airlines boo+in s$ Mo*ie tic+et boo+in s$ hos#ital a##ointments and e*en consultations are widely a*ailable! "onnecti*ity is %ast s#readin areas and the Internet is becomin in all
more and more user %riendly!
Facilities in connecti*ity are easily a*ailable e*en thou h not a *ery hi h #ercenta e o% Indians use these %acilities!
The
ood news is that with im#ro*ements in bandwidth and
#enetration o% Internet throu h /"s as well as cable T.$ the Internet user base in India will e9#and by lea#s and bounds! The cable route in %act is bein touted as a si ni%icant #athway %or the #roli%eration o% the
Internet in India! India already boasts o% AC million cable connections
- 18 -
3e9#ected to )um# to &(( million by 8((J6$ which could additionally be con*erted into Internet connections! Than+s to the wireless a##lication #rotocol 35A/6$ Internet is comin to India throu h mobile #hones as
well! .oice o*er I/$ a dream so %ar %or India$ too is e9#ected to be reality in the %uture!
Hist !" # GSM:
Durin e9#eriencin the early &BJ(s$ analo ra#id cellular tele#hone systems were
rowth in Euro#e$ #articularly in Scandina*ia and
the United 4in dom$ but also in France and ;ermany! Each country de*elo#ed its own system$ which was incom#atible with e*eryone elseHs in e1ui#ment and o#eration! This was an undesirable situation$ because not only was the mobile e1ui#ment limited to o#eration within national boundaries$ which in a uni%ied Euro#e were increasin ly unim#ortant$ but there was also a *ery limited mar+et %or each ty#e o% e1ui#ment$ so economies o% scale and the subse1uent sa*in s could not be reali7ed! The Euro#eans reali7ed this early on$ and in &BJ8 the "on%erence o% Euro#ean /osts and Tele ra#hs 3"E/T6 %ormed a study rou# called the
;rou#e S#ecial Mobile 3;SM6 to study and de*elo# a #anDEuro#ean #ublic land mobile system! The #ro#osed system had to meet certain criteria0 ;ood sub)ecti*e s#eech 1uality
•
- 19 -
• • • • • •
=ow terminal and ser*ice cost Su##ort %or international roamin Ability to su##ort handheld terminals Su##ort %or ran e o% new ser*ices and %acilities S#ectral e%%iciency ISDN com#atibility
In &BJB$ ;SM res#onsibility was trans%erred to the Euro#ean Telecommunication Standards Institute 3ETSI6$ and #hase I o% the ;SM s#eci%ications were #ublished in &BB(! "ommercial ser*ice was started in midD&BB&$ and by &BBA there were A' ;SM networ+s in 88 countries ! Althou h standardi7ed in Euro#e$ ;SM is not only a Euro#ean standard! O*er 8(( ;SM networ+s 3includin D"S&J(( and
/"S&B((6 are o#erational in &&( countries around the world! In the be innin which had o% &BBE$ there were &!A million subscribers worldwide$ rown to more than ,, million by October &BBC! 5ith North a delayed entry into the ;SM %ield with a deri*ati*e o%
America ma+in
;SM called /"S&B(($ ;SM systems e9ist on e*ery continent$ and the acronym ;SM now a#tly stands %or ;lobal System %or Mobile
communications! The de*elo#ers o% ;SM chose an un#ro*en 3at the time6 di ital system$ as o##osed to the thenDstandard analo cellular systems li+e
AM/S in the United States and TA"S in the United 4in dom! They had %aith that ad*ancements in com#ression al orithms and di ital si nal - 20 -
#rocessors would allow the %ul%illment o% the ori inal criteria and the continual im#ro*ement o% the system in terms o% 1uality and cost! The o*er J((( #a es o% ;SM recommendations try to allow %le9ibility and com#etiti*e inno*ation to amon su##liers$ #ro#er but #ro*ide enou h the
standardi7ation
uarantee
interwor+in
between
com#onents o% the system! This is done by #ro*idin
%unctional and
inter%ace descri#tions %or each o% the %unctional entities de%ined in the system!
RADIO INTERFACE
;SM is a cellular networ+$ which means that mobile #hones connect to it by searchin %or cells in the immediate *icinity! ;SM
networ+s o#erate in %our di%%erent %re1uency ran es! Most ;SM networ+s o#erate in the B(( M?7 or &J(( M?7 bands! Some countries in the Americas 3includin the United States and "anada6 use the J,(
M?7 and &B(( M?7 bands because the B(( and &J(( M?7 %re1uency bands were already allocated! The rarer E(( and E,( M?7 %re1uency bands are assi ned in some countries$ notably Scandina*ia$ where these %re1uencies were
#re*iously used %or %irstD eneration systems! In the B(( M?7 band the u#lin+ %re1uency band is JB(DB&, M?7$ and the downlin+ %re1uency band is BA,DB'( M?7! This 8, M?7 bandwidth is subdi*ided into &8E carrier %re1uency channels$ each
- 21 -
s#aced 8(( +?7 a#art! Time di*ision multi#le9in
is used to allow ei ht
%ullDrate or si9teen hal%Drate s#eech channels #er radio %re1uency channel! There are ei ht radio timeslots 3 i*in ei ht burst #eriods6
rou#ed into what is called a TDMA %rame! ?al% rate channels use alternate %rames in the same timeslot! The channel data rate is 8C(!JAA +bitKs$ and the %rame duration is E!'&, ms! The transmission #ower in the handset is limited to a ma9imum o% 8 watts in ;SMJ,(KB(( and & watt in ;SM&J((K&B((! ;SM has used a *ariety o% *oice codecs to s1uee7e A!&+?7 audio into between ' and &A+b#s! Ori inally$ two codecs$ named a%ter the ty#es o% data channel they were allocated$ were used$ called MFull RateM 3&A+b#s6 and M?al% RateM 3'+b#s6! These used a system based u#on linear #redicti*e codin 3=/"6! In addition to bein e%%icient with
bitrates$ these codecs also made it easier to identi%y more im#ortant #arts o% the audio$ allowin the air inter%ace layer to #rioriti7e and
better #rotect these #arts o% the si nal! ;SM was %urther enhanced in &BBC with the ;SMDEFR codec$ a &8!8+b#s codec that uses a %ull rate channel! Finally$ with the de*elo#ment o% UMTS$ EFR was re%actored into a *ariableDrate codec called AMRDNarrowband$ which is hi h 1uality and robust a ainst inter%erence when used on %ull rate channels$ and less robust but still
- 22 -
relati*ely hi h 1uality when used in channels!
ood radio conditions on hal%Drate
There are %our di%%erent cell si7es in a ;SM networ+ D macro$ micro$ #ico and umbrella cells! The co*era e area o% each cell *aries accordin to the im#lementation en*ironment! Macro cells can be
re arded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on a mast or a buildin abo*e a*era e roo% to# le*el! Micro cells are cells whose
antenna hei ht is under a*era e roo% to# le*elN they are ty#ically used in urban areas! /icocells are small cells whose diameter is a %ew do7en metersN they are mainly used indoors! Umbrella cells are used to co*er shadowed re ions o% smaller cells and %ill in those cells! "ell hori7ontal radius *aries de#endin antenna on antenna hei ht$ a#s in co*era e between
ain and #ro#a ation conditions %rom a cou#le o% hundred
meters to se*eral tens o% +ilometers! The lon est distance the ;SM s#eci%ication su##orts in #ractical use is A, +m or 88 miles! There are also se*eral im#lementations o% the conce#t o% an e9tended cell$ where the cell radius could be double or e*en more$ de#endin antenna system$ the ty#e o% terrain and the timin ad*ance! on the
Indoor co*era e is also su##orted by ;SM and may be achie*ed by usin an indoor #icocell base station$ or an indoor re#eater with
distributed indoor antennas %ed throu h #ower s#litters$ to deli*er the
- 23 -
radio si nals %rom an antenna outdoors to the se#arate indoor distributed antenna system! These are ty#ically de#loyed when a lot o% call ca#acity is needed indoors$ %or e9am#le in sho##in centers or
air#orts! ?owe*er$ this is not a #rere1uisite$ since indoor co*era e is also #ro*ided by inDbuildin nearby cells! The modulation used in ;SM is ;aussian minimum shi%t +eyin 3;MS46$ a +ind o% continuousD#hase %re1uency shi%t +eyin ! In ;MS4$ the si nal to be modulated onto the carrier is %irst smoothed with a ;aussian lowD#ass %ilter #rior to bein which %ed to a %re1uency modulator$ channels #enetration o% the radio si nals %rom
reatly reduces the inter%erence to nei hborin
3ad)acent channel inter%erence6! A nearby ;SM handset is usually the source o% the Mdit dit dit$ dit dit dit$ dit dit ditM si nal that can be heard %rom time to time on home stereo systems$ tele*isions$ com#uters$ and #ersonal music de*ices! 5hen these audio de*ices are in the near %ield o% the ;SM handset$ the radio si nal is stron enou h that the solid state am#li%iers in the noise itsel% re#resents
audio chain %unction as a detector! The clic+in
the #ower bursts that carry the TDMA si nal! These si nals ha*e been +nown to inter%ere with other electronic de*ices$ such as car stereos and #ortable audio #layers! This is a %orm o% RFI$ and could be miti ated or eliminated by use o% additional shieldin andKor by#ass
- 24 -
ca#acitors in these audio de*ices$ howe*er$ the increased cost o% doin so is di%%icult %or a desi ner to )usti%y!
SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE:
One o% the +ey %eatures o% ;SM is the Subscriber Identity Module 3SIM6$ commonly +nown as a SIM card! The SIM is a detachable smart card containin the userHs subscri#tion in%ormation and #honeboo+!
This allows the user to retain his or her in%ormation a%ter switchin handsets! Alternati*ely$ the user can also chan e o#erators while retainin the handset sim#ly by chan in the SIM! Some o#erators will
bloc+ this by allowin
the #hone to use only a sin le SIM$ or only a SIM
issued by themN this #ractice is +nown as SIM loc+in $ and is ille al in some countries! In the United States$ "anada$ Euro#e and Australia$ many o#erators loc+ the mobiles they sell! This is done because the #rice o% the mobile #hone and is ty#ically subsidised to try with to re*enue %rom
subscri#tions
o#erators
want
a*oid
subsidisin
com#etitorHs mobiles! A subscriber can usually contact the #ro*ider to remo*e the loc+ %or a %ee$ utili7e #ri*ate ser*ices to remo*e the loc+$ or ma+e use o% am#le so%tware and websites a*ailable on the Internet to unloc+ the handset themsel*es! 5hile most web sites o%%er the unloc+in %or a %ee$ some do it %or %ree! The loc+in a##lies to the
handset$ identi%ied by its International Mobile E1ui#ment Identity 3IMEI6 number$ not to the account 3which is identi%ied by the SIM
- 25 -
card6! It is always #ossible to switch to another 3nonDloc+ed6 handset i% such other handset is a*ailable! Some #ro*iders will unloc+ the #hone %or %ree i% the customer has held an account %or a certain #eriod! Third #arty unloc+in ser*ices
e9ist that are o%ten 1uic+er and lower cost than that o% the o#erator! In most countries remo*in the loc+ is le al! "in ular and TDMobile
#ro*ide %ree unloc+ ser*ices to their customers a%ter A months o% subscri#tion! In countries li+e India$ /a+istan$ Indonesia$ Bel ium$ etc!$ all #hones are sold unloc+ed! ?owe*er$ in Bel ium$ it is unlaw%ul %or o#erators there to o%%er any %orm o% subsidy on the #honeHs #rice! This was also the case in Finland until A#ril &$ 8(('$ when sellin subsidi7ed combinations o% handsets and accounts became le al thou h o#erators ha*e to unloc+ #hone %ree o% char e a%ter a certain #eriod 3at most 8E months6!
GSM SECURITY:
;SM was desi ned with a moderate le*el o% security! The system was desi ned to authenticate the subscriber usin sharedDsecret
cry#to ra#hy! "ommunications between the subscriber and the base station can be encry#ted! The de*elo#ment o% UMTS introduces an o#tional USIM$ that uses a lon er authentication +ey to security$ as well as mutually authenticatin i*e reater
the networ+ and the user D
- 26 -
whereas ;SM only authenticated the user to the networ+ 3and not *ice *ersa6! The security model there%ore o%%ers con%identiality and
authentication$ but limited authori7ation ca#abilities$ and no nonD re#udiation! ;SM uses se*eral cry#to ra#hic al orithms %or security! The A,K& and A,K8 stream ci#hers are used %or ensurin o*erDtheDair *oice
#ri*acy! A,K& was de*elo#ed %irst and is a stron er al orithm used within Euro#e and the United StatesN A,K8 is wea+er and used in other countries! A lar e security ad*anta e o% ;SM o*er earlier systems is that the 4ey$ the cry#to *ariable stored on the SIM card that is the +ey to any ;SM ci#herin al orithm$ is ne*er sent o*er the air inter%ace!
Serious wea+nesses ha*e been %ound in both al orithms$ and it is #ossible to brea+ A,K8 in realDtime in a ci#herte9tDonly attac+! The system su##orts multi#le al orithms so o#erators may re#lace that ci#her with a stron e!
S$!%i&$s '! %i($( )" GSM:
From the be innin $ the #lanners o% ;SM wanted ISDN
com#atibility in terms o% the ser*ices o%%ered and the control si nallin used! ?owe*er$ radio transmission limitations$ in terms o% bandwidth and cost$ do not allow the standard ISDN BDchannel bit rate o% 'E +b#s to be #ractically achie*ed!
- 27 -
Usin
the ITUDT de%initions$ telecommunication ser*ices can be
di*ided into bearer ser*ices$ teleser*ices$ and su##lementary ser*ices! The most basic teleser*ice su##orted by ;SM is tele#hony! As with all other communications$ s#eech is di itally encoded and transmitted throu h the ;SM networ+ as a di ital stream! There is also an emer ency ser*ice$ where the nearest emer encyDser*ice #ro*ider is noti%ied by dialin three di its 3similar to B&&6!
A *ariety o% data ser*ices is o%%ered! ;SM users can send and recei*e data$ at rates u# to B'(( b#s$ to users on /OTS 3/lain Old Tele#hone Ser*ice6$ ISDN$ /ac+et Switched /ublic Data Networ+s$ and "ircuit Switched /ublic Data Networ+s usin a *ariety o% access
methods and #rotocols$ such as :!8, or :!A8! Since ;SM is a di ital networ+$ a modem is not re1uired between the user and ;SM networ+$ althou h an audio modem is re1uired inside the ;SM networ+ to interwor+ with /OTS! Other data ser*ices include ;rou# A %acsimile$ as described in ITUDT recommendation T!A($ which is su##orted by use o% an
a##ro#riate %a9 ada#tor! A uni1ue %eature o% ;SM$ not %ound in older analo systems$ is the Short Messa e Ser*ice 3SMS6! SMS is a ser*ice %or short al#hanumeric 3u# to &'( bytes6
bidirectional
messa es! Messa es are trans#orted in a storeDandD%orward %ashion! For #ointDtoD#oint SMS$ a messa e can be sent to another subscriber to the ser*ice$ and an ac+nowled ement o% recei#t is #ro*ided to the
- 28 -
sender! SMS can also be used in a cellDbroadcast mode$ %or sendin messa es such as tra%%ic u#dates or news u#dates! Messa es can also be stored in the SIM card %or later retrie*al Su##lementary ser*ices are #ro*ided on to# o% teleser*ices or bearer ser*ices! In the current 3/hase I6 s#eci%ications$ they include se*eral %orms o% call %orward 3such as call %orwardin when the mobile o% out oin
subscriber is unreachable by the networ+6$ and call barrin or incomin calls$ %or e9am#le when roamin
in another country! Many
additional su##lementary ser*ices will be #ro*ided in the /hase 8 s#eci%ications$ such as caller identi%ication$ call waitin $ multiD#arty con*ersations!
GSM S*)s&!i)$! S$!%i&$s:
There are two basic ty#es o% ser*ices o%%ered throu h ;SM0 tele#hony 3also re%erred to as teleser*ices6 and data 3also re%erred to as bearer ser*ices6! Tele#hony ser*ices are mainly *oice ser*ices that #ro*ide subscribers with the com#lete ca#ability 3includin necessary
terminal e1ui#ment6 to communicate with other subscribers! Data ser*ices #ro*ide the ca#acity necessary to transmit a##ro#riate data si nals between two access #oints creatin an inter%ace to the
networ+! In addition to normal tele#hony and emer ency callin $ the %ollowin subscriber ser*ices are su##orted by ;SM0
- 29 -
•
DualDtone multi%re1uency 3DTMF6D DTMF is a tone si nalin scheme o%ten used %or *arious control #ur#oses *ia the tele#hone networ+$ such as remote control o% an answerin machine! ;SM su##orts %ullDori inatin DTMF!
•
Facsimile
rou# IIIO;SM su##orts ""ITT ;rou# A %acsimile! As
standard %a9 machines are desi ned to be connected to a tele#hone usin analo si nals$ a s#ecial %a9 con*erter
connected to the e9chan e is used in the ;SM system! This enables a ;SMPconnected %a9 to communicate with any analo %a9 in the networ+!
•
Short messa e ser*icesOA con*enient %acility o% the ;SM networ+ is the short messa e ser*ice! A messa e consistin o%
a ma9imum o% &'( al#hanumeric characters can be sent to or %rom a mobile station! This ser*ice can be *iewed as an ad*anced %orm o% al#hanumeric #a in with a number o%
ad*anta es! I% the subscriberHs mobile unit is #owered o%% or has le%t the co*era e area$ the messa e is stored and o%%ered bac+ to the subscriber when the mobile is #owered on or has reentered the co*era e area o% the networ+! This %unction ensures that the messa e will be recei*ed!
•
"ell broadcastOa *ariation o% the short messa e ser*ice is the cell broadcast %acility! A messa e o% a ma9imum o% BA characters can be broadcast to all mobile subscribers in a
- 30 -
certain
eo ra#hic area! Ty#ical a##lications include tra%%ic
con estion warnin s and re#orts on accidents!
•
.oice mailOthis ser*ice is actually an answerin
machine
within the networ+$ which is controlled by the subscriber! "alls can be %orwarded to the subscriberHs *oiceDmail bo9 and the subscriber chec+s %or messa es *ia a #ersonal security code!
•
Fa9 mailOwith this ser*ice$ the subscriber can recei*e %a9 messa es at any %a9 machine! The messa es are stored in a ser*ice center %rom which they can be retrie*ed by the subscriber *ia a #ersonal security code to the desired %a9 number!
S*''+$,$-t.!" S$!%i&$s
;SM su##orts a com#rehensi*e set o% su##lementary ser*ices that can com#lement and su##ort both tele#hony and data ser*ices! Su##lementary ser*ices are de%ined by ;SM and are characteri7ed as re*enueD eneratin ser*ices %ollows! "all %orwardin Othis ser*ice %orward incomin i*es the subscriber the ability to %eatures! A #artial listin o% su##lementary
•
calls to another number i% the called mobile
unit is not reachable$ i% it is busy$ i% there is no re#ly$ or i% call %orwardin is allowed unconditionally!
- 31 -
•
Barrin
o% out oin
callsOthis ser*ice ma+es it #ossible %or a calls!
mobile subscriber to #re*ent all out oin
•
Barrin
o% incomin
callsOthis %unction allows the subscriber calls! The %ollowin e9ists0 barin two conditions %or calls and
to #re*ent incomin incomin barrin /=MN!
•
call barrin o% incomin
o% all incomin
calls when roamin
outside the home
Ad*ice o% char e 3Ao"6OThe Ao" ser*ice #ro*ides the mobile subscriber with an estimate o% the call char es! There are two ty#es o% Ao" in%ormation0 one that #ro*ides the subscriber with an estimate o% the bill and one that can be used %or immediate char in #ur#oses! Ao" %or data calls is #ro*ided on
the basis o% time measurements!
•
"all holdOthis ser*ice enables the subscriber to interru#t an on oin call and then subse1uently reestablish the call! The
call hold ser*ice is only a##licable to normal tele#hony!
•
"all waitin Othis ser*ice enables the mobile subscriber to be noti%ied o% an incomin call durin a con*ersation! The call! "all
subscriber can answer$ re)ect$ or i nore the incomin waitin usin
•
is a##licable to all ;SM telecommunications ser*ices
a circuitDswitched connection!
Multi#arty ser*iceOthe multi#arty ser*ice enables a mobile subscriber to establish a multi#arty con*ersationOthat is$ a
- 32 -
simultaneous con*ersation between three and si9 subscribers! This ser*ice is only a##licable to normal tele#hony!
•
"allin
line
identi%ication
#resentationKrestrictionOThese
ser*ices su##ly the called #arty with the inte rated ser*ices di ital networ+ 3ISDN6 number o% the callin restriction ser*ice enables the callin #arty! The
#arty to restrict the
#resentation! The restriction o*errides the #resentation! "losed user They are a rou#s 3"U;s6O"U;s are enerally com#arable to a /B:!
rou# o% subscribers who are ca#able o% only callin
themsel*es and certain numbers
- 33 -
&! 5hich Ser*ice #ro*ider are you currently subscribin mobileQ
%or your
"ATE;OR> Air Tel V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
RES/ONDENTS /0 /1 23 34
- 34 -
RESPONDENTS 100 80 60 40 20 0 Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell one
RESPONDENTS
INTERPRETATION:
O*t # 055 '$ '+$ 67 '.!ti&i'.t$( i- s*!%$" it is # *-( /0 .!$ *si-8 Ai! T$+9 /1 .!$ *si-8 V (.# -$9 23 .!$ *si-8 I($. .-( 34 .!$ *si-8 C$++ O-$: T7$ ,.; !it" # t7$ ,.!<$t s7.!$ is &.'t*!$( )" VODAFONE:
8! 5hat is the ser*ice which you subscribedQ "ATE;OR> Air Tel V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$ /RE/AID 59 53 28 00 /OST/AID 13 26 03 18
- 35 -
0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One PREPAID POSTPAID
INTERPRETATION:
O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ =2 ,$,)$!s .!$ '!$'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s .-( 31 .!$ ' st'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ =2 ,$,)$!s .!$ '!$'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s .-( 0>.!$ ' st'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts s*)s&!i)$!s: # I($. 04 ,$,)$!s .!$ P!$'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s .-( 52.!$ P st'.i(
- 36 -
O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 5 ,$,)$!s .!$ P!$'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s .-( 34 .!$ P st'.i( s*)s&!i)$!s:
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
EA&$++$-t 34 07 03 00
G ( 31 52 24 15
A%$!.8$ 07 10 00 00
P ! 00 10 04 03
2: H 6 ( " * #i-( t7$ s$!%i&$s # " *! '! %i($!?
E! "e lle n#
A% er a& e
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
oo d Po or
- 37 -
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 2@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ s$!%i&$ ##$!$( )" Ai! T$+ .!$ EA&$++$-t9 23 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$s is G ( .-( 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is A%$!.8$:
$
O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ s$!%i&$ ##$!$( )" V (.# -$ is EA&$++$-t9 =0 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$s is G (9 35 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 35 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is P !: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ s$!%i&$ ##$!$( )" I($. is EA&$++$-t9 0@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is G (9 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 5@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is P !: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ s$!%i&$ ##$!$( )" C$++ O-$ is EA&$++$-t9 3= ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is G (9 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ s$!%i&$ P !:
@: W7" (i( " * 't # ! t7is s$!%i&$ '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
A(%$!tis$,$-t 07 13 13 11
S$+# D$&isi 31 32 13 03
M.-" *s$!s iF!i$-( Ci!&+$ 34 34 05 04
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Air Tel
INTERPRETATION:
Ad%er#i'e(en# Self De"i'ion )an* +'er' in ,riend Cir"le Vodafone Idea Cell One
- 38 -
O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 5/ ,$,)$!s 't # ! Ai! T$+ )" s$$i-8 .- .(%$!tis$,$-t9 23 ,$,)$!s - t7$i! s$+# ($&isi - .-( 2@ ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 )$&.*s$ # ,.-" *s$!s i- t7$i! #!i$-( &i!&+$: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 32 ,$,)$!s 't # ! V (.# -$ )" s$$i-8 .- .(%$!tis$,$-t9 20 ,$,)$!s - t7$i! s$+# ($&isi - .-( 2@ ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 )$&.*s$ # ,.-" *s$!s i- t7$i! #!i$-( &i!&+$: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 32 ,$,)$!s 't # ! I($. )" s$$i-8 .- .(%$!tis$,$-t9 32 ,$,)$!s - t7$i! s$+# ($&isi - .-( 5= ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 )$&.*s$ # ,.-" *s$!s i- t7$i! #!i$-( &i!&+$: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 33 ,$,)$!s 't # ! C$++ O-$ )" s$$i-8 .- .(%$!tis$,$-t 9 52 ,$,)$!s - t7$i! s$+# ($&isi - .-( 5@,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 )$&.*s$ # ,.-" *s$!s i- t7$i! #!i$-( &i!&+$: =: H 6 ( " * #i-( t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" t7$ s$!%i&$ '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
EA&$++$-t 21 0 03 0
G ( 38 51 21 11
A%$!.8$ 13 21 0 04
P ! 0 07 07 03
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
E! "e lle n# A% er a& e oo d $ Po or
Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
INTERPRETATION:
- 39 -
O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 03 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" Ai! T$+ is EA&$++$-t9 24 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ G (9 32 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ P !: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" V (.# -$ is EA&$++$-t9 =3 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ G (9 03 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ A%$!.8$ .-( 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ P !: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" I($. is EA&$++$-t9 03 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ G (9 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ A%$!.8$ .-( 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ P !: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" C$++ O-$ is EA&$++$-t9 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ G (9 5@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ A%$!.8$ .-( 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ '.&<.8$s .!$ P !:
>: D " * t!" -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$(?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
Y$s 41 48 07 11
N 31 31 24 07
- 40 -
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Air Tel
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ @3 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" t7$ -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" Ai! T$+ .-( 23 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" ( -Bt t!": O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ @4 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" t7$ -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" V (.# -$ .-( 23 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" ( -Bt t!": O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" t7$ -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" I($. .-( 0@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" ( -Bt t!": O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" t7$ -$6 '.&<.8$s ##$!$( )" C$++ O-$ .-( 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" ( -Bt t!":
-e' No
Vodafone Idea
Cell One
/: I# "$s # ! (>)9 7 6 #!$C*$-t+" " * t!" t7$ '.&<.8$s?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
E%$!" ti,$ N$6 O-$ L.*-&7$( 03 07 04 03
I# G ( R$s' -s$ is t7$!$ #! , t7$ Ot7$!s 38 41 03 08
- 41 -
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Air Tel VodafoneIdea Cell One
E%er* #i(e Ne. One /a+n"0ed
If $ood Re'1on'e i' #0ere fro( #0e O#0er'
INTERPRETATION: O*t # @3 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 67 s.i( 6i++ t!" 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" $%$!" ti,$ -$6 '.&<.8$ is +.*-&7$(9 24 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" i# 8 ( !$s' -s$ is t7$i! #! , t7$ '$ '+$ 67 *s$( it: O*t # @4 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 67 s.i( 6i++ t!" 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" $%$!" ti,$ -$6 '.&<.8$ is +.*-&7$(9 @3 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" i# 8 ( !$s' -s$ is t7$i! #! , t7$ '$ '+$ 67 *s$( it: O*t # 5/ !$s' -($-ts # I($. 67 s.i( 6i++ t!" 5@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" $%$!" ti,$ -$6 '.&<.8$ is +.*-&7$(9 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" i# 8 ( !$s' -s$ is t7$i! #! , t7$ '$ '+$ 67 *s$( it: O*t # 33 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 67 s.i( 6i++ t!" 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" $%$!" ti,$ -$6 '.&<.8$ is +.*-&7$(9 54 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ t!" i# 8 ( !$s' -s$ is t7$i! #! , t7$ '$ '+$ 67 *s$( it: 4: D " * *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!Bs s$!%i&$ '.!.++$+ 6it7 &*!!$-t '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
Y$s 07 10 07 03
N 65 69 24 15
- 42 -
80 0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Air Tel
INTERPRETATION:
-e' No
Vodafone Idea
Cell One
O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 5/ ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!s '.!.++$+ t t7$ &*!!$-t s$!%i&$ '! %i($! .-( >= ,$,)$!s t7$" ( -Bt *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 35 ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!s '.!.++$+ t t7$ &*!!$-t s$!%i&$ '! %i($! .-( >1 ,$,)$!s t7$" ( -Bt *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 5/ ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!s '.!.++$+ t t7$ &*!!$-t s$!%i&$ '! %i($! .-( 0@ ,$,)$!s t7$" ( -Bt *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 52 ,$,)$!s .!$ *si-8 t7$! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!s '.!.++$+ t t7$ &*!!$-t s$!%i&$ '! %i($! .-( 3= ,$,)$!s t7$" ( -Bt *s$ .-" t7$! s$!%i&$:
1: H 6 ( " * #i-( t7$ -$t6 !< # " *! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
EA&$++$-t 41 03 03 0
G ( 17 45 24 11
A%$!.8$ 14 13 04 07
P ! 0 18 0 0
- 43 -
50 40 30 20 10 0
A% er a& e el le n# $ oo d E! " Po or
Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ @3 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ N$t W !< # Ai! T$+ is EA&$++$-t9 3/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is G (9 3@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is P !: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ N$t W !< # V (.# -$ is EA&$++$-t9 @= ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is G (9 32 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is A%$!.8$ .-( 34 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is P !: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 52 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ N$t W !< # I($. is EA&$++$-t9 0@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is G (9 5@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is P !: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ N$t W !< # C$++ O-$ is EA&$++$-t9 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is G (9 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ N$t W !< is P !: 35: H 6 is t7$ &*st ,$! &.!$ s$!%i&$ # " *! s$!%i&$ '! %i($!?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
EA&$++$-t 13 07 07 0
G ( 38 48 18 11
A%$!.8$ 21 13 06 07
P ! 0 11 0 0
- 44 -
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 E!"ellen# $ood A%era&e Poor Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 32 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ # Ai! T$+ is EA&$++$-t9 24 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is G (9 03 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is P !: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ # V (.# -$ is EA&$++$-t9 @4 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is G (9 32 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is P !: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ # I($. is EA&$++$-t9 34 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is G (9 5> ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is P !: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ # C$++ O-$ is EA&$++$-t9 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is G (9 5/ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is A%$!.8$ .-( 55 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7$ C*st ,$! C.!$ is P !:
33: D " * .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t
't # ! s$!%i&$ " * .!$ *si-8?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
Y$s 62 48 24 11
N 10 31 07 07
- 45 -
0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Air Tel
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ >0 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t s$!%i&$ t7$" .!$ *si-8: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ @4 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t s$!%i&$ t7$" .!$ *si-8: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 0@ ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t s$!%i&$ t7$" .!$ *si-8: 't # ! t7$
-e' No
V (.# -$
Idea
Cell One
't # ! t7$
't # ! t7$ 't # ! t7$
O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 33 ,$,)$!s s.i( t7.t t7$" 6i++ .(%i&$ '$ '+$ t s$!%i&$ t7$" .!$ *si-8:
30: H 6 ,*&7 ( " * s'$-( $%$!" , -t7 # ! " *! , )i+$?
C.t$8 !" Ai! T$+ V (.# -$ I($. C$++ O-$
055D255 10 13 21 07
255D=55 13 39 04 11
=55D455 28 13 03 0
455D3555 21 14 03 0
- 46 -
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002300 3002500 5002800 80021000
Air Tel Vodafone Idea Cell One
INTERPRETATION: O*t # /0 !$s' -($-ts # Ai! T$+ 35 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 055D2559 32 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 255D=559 04 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- =55D455 .-( 03 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 455D3555: O*t # /1 !$s' -($-ts # V (.# -$ 32 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 055D2559 21 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 255D=559 32 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- =55D455 .-( 3@ ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 455D3555: O*t # 23 !$s' -($-ts # I($. 03 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 055D2559 5@ ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 255D=559 52 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- =55D455 .-( 52 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 455D3555: O*t # 34 !$s' -($-ts # C$++ O-$ 5/ ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 055D2559 33 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 255D=559 55 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- =55D455 .-( 55 ,$,)$!s .!$ s'$-(i-8 )$t6$$- 455D3555:
- 47 -
Out o% 8(( res#ondents who #artici#ated in the study C8 are usin are usin .oda%one$ A& are usin Idea and &J are usin "ell one!
Air Tel$ CB
The main criteria o% selectin
the ser*ice #ro*ider is the networ+ and the %riend oin to that ser*ice #ro*ider!
circle i% many uses in their %riend circle #eo#le are
- 48 -
Es#ecially the students where the study is conducted they are o#tin ser*ice #ro*ider because many uses in their %riend circle! The #ac+a es are #layin *ital role in choosin
%or a #articular
a #articular ser*ice! In this area
#ac+a es o%%ered by .oda%one are com#arati*ely better than the other ser*ice #ro*iders that2s the reason mar+et share o% .oda%one is more than the others! The networ+ o% .oda%one is #oor in rural areas they ha*e to im#ro*e the networ+ i% they want to increase their subscriber base! The customer care o% .oda%one is The networ+ and #ac+a es o% Air Tel is ood!
ood so$ it occu#ies the second #lace in the
mar+et share o% student community! The ma)ority subscribers o% Air Tel are business #eo#le the #ac+a es and ser*ices are more bene%icial to them! I% Air Tel wants to increase their subscriber base they ha*e to customer care o% Air Tel is ood! i*e more attractin #ac+a es! The
Idea occu#ies third #lace in the mar+et share o% student community! The networ+ and #ac+a es are a*era e! The customer care o% Idea is #oor!
"ell one occu#ies %ourth #lace in the mar+et share o% student community! The networ+ o% "ell one is e9cellent in e*ery #art o% India but the #ac+a es and the customer care o% "ell one is *ery #oor!
=IMITATIONS
The res#onses e9#erience! i*en may be biased and de#end u#on the a e and
- 49 -
Data collected cannot be asserted to be %ree %rom errors$ as the sam#le si7e is small! In s#ite o% ta+in all the necessary measures there is a chance in
occurrence o% minor errors due to the lac+ o% e9#erience on the #art o% researcher!
Recommendations
The Air Tel networ+ is ood com#are to the other ser*ice
#ro*iders in rural and urban areas o% Andhra /radesh! The #ac+a es are also ood but the #ac+a es are attractin business #eo#le and the
)obbers only! I% Air Tel wants to ca#ture the student community they ha*e to i*e more attractin #ac+a es! ood in the urban areas but it is #oor in
The .oda%one networ+ is
the rural areas o% Andhra /radesh! The ma)ority subscribers o% .ODAFONE are in urban areas only! I% they want to increase their subscriber base they ha*e to increase their networ+ in the rural areas! The mar+et share o% .ODAFONE in student community is com#are to the other #layers in the mar+et! The networ+ o% Idea is ood in the urban areas but it is #oor in ood when
the rural areas o% Andhra /radesh! The mar+et share o% Idea is also ood but the ser*ices and #ac+a es o%%ered by Idea are not attractin the student community! The mar+et share o% Idea in student
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community is #oor! I% they want to increase their subscriber base they ha*e to increase their networ+ and they ha*e to #ac+a es! The networ+ o% "ell one is e9cellent in e*ery #art o% India! But the #ac+a es are *ery #oor! The mar+et share is also less in student community when com#are to the other #layers! I% they want to increase their mar+et share in the student community they ha*e to i*e more attractin #ac+a es! i*e more attractin
ANA=>SIS OF "USTOMERS USIN; ;=OBA= S>STEM FOR MOBI=E "OMMUNI"ATIONS 3;SM6 IN ?>DERABAD
Res#ondents /ro%ile
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Name0 A e0
Se90
&! 5hich Ser*ice /ro*ider are you currently subscribin mobileQ Air Tel .oda%one Idea "ell One
%or your
8! 5hat is the Ser*ice which you subscribedQ /re#aid /ost#aid
A! ?ow do you %ind the ser*ices o% your #ro*iderQ E9cellent ;ood A*era e /oor
E! 5hy did you o#t %or this Ser*ice /ro*iderQ Ad*ertisement Sel% Decision
Many uses in your %riend circle ,! ?ow do you %ind the /ac+a es o%%ered by the Ser*ice /ro*iderQ E9cellent ;ood A*era e /oor
'! Do you try New /ac+a es O%%eredQ >es No
C! I% >es %or 3'6$ how %re1uently you try the #ac+a esQ E*ery time new one o%%eredK launched! I% ood res#onse is there %rom others who used it!
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J! Do you use any other ser*ice #ro*iders Ser*ice /arallel with current #ro*iderQ >es No
B! ?ow do you %ind the networ+ o% your Ser*ice #ro*iderQ E9cellent &(! ;ood A*era e /oor
?ow is the customer care ser*ice o% your ser*ice #ro*iderQ E9cellent ;ood A*era e /oor
&&!
Do you ad*ice #eo#le to o#t %or ser*ice you are usin Q >es No
&8!
?ow much do you s#end e*ery month %or your mobileQ 8((DA(( A((D,(( ,((DJ(( J((D&(((
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!I!I'(G A)HY 5ebsites
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&! www!coai!com 8! www! smworld!com A! www!indiastat!com E! www!indiaDcellar!com ,! www!wi+i#edia!com '! www! oo le!com
Ma a7ines
&! Business world 8! Business Today A! Business Outloo+
News#a#ers
&! Business line 8! Business standard A! Economic times
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doc_293031382.doc